identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1E6FA5333D4450B282C01DE5C5B9AB4E.text	1E6FA5333D4450B282C01DE5C5B9AB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argopistes biplagiatus Mostschulsky 1860	<div><p>Argopistes biplagiatus Motschulsky, 1860</p><p>Figs 2 A – F, 3, 4</p><p>Argopistes biplagiatus Motschulsky, 1860: 236 (Amur: Russian Far East and northeastern China); Csiki 1940: 523 (catalogue); Chûjô and Kimoto 1961: 174 (catalogue); Kimoto 1965: 436 (redescription); Lee and An 2001: 182 (South Korea); Lee and Cho 2006: 91 (host plants); Takizаwa 2012: 38 (faunistics).</p><p>Argopistes flavitarsis Motschulsky, 1860: 137 (chromatic variation).</p><p>Argopistes limbatus Motschulsky, 1860: 137 (chromatic variation).</p><p>Argopistes suturalis Motschulsky, 1860: 137 (chromatic variation).</p><p>Argopistes undecimmaculata Jacoby, 1885: 738 (Japan: Sapporo); Chûjô 1936: 109 (catalogue); Csiki 1940: 524 (catalogue).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Argopistes biplagiatus . • 11 syntypes glued on the same card (ZMMU) (Fig. 2 A – D): “ type [h, w] // Amur [h, r] // Argopistes / biplagiatus / Amur. m. Motsch [h, w, with black border] // Syntypus [p, r] // Ȝoomyȝeň Mry (Mockba, POCCNR) / No ZMMU Col 03056 / Zool. Mus. Mosq. Univ. / (Mosquae, RUSSIA) / ex coll. V. I. Motschulsky [p, pink label] ” .</p><p>Argopistes undecimmaculata . Lectotype • (here designated, sex undetermined, NHMUK) (Fig. 2 E, F): “ Type / H. T. [p, w, circle label with red border] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle label with blue border] // Sapporo / 5. VIII- 16. VIII. 80. [p, w] // Japan / G. Lewis. / 1910-320 [p, w] // Sap [h, w] ” . Paralectotypes • 1 (sex undetermined, NHMUK): “ SYN- / TYPE [p, circle label with blue border] // Sapporo / 5. VIII- 16. VIII. 80. [p, w] // Japan / G. Lewis. / 1910-320 [p, w] // Argopistes / 11 maculata Jac [h, b] ” ; • 1 ♀ (TARI): “ Sapporo [h] / JAPAN [p] / 10. VIII. 1880 [h] / Col. G. LEWIS [p, w] // Argopistes / undecimmaculata / Jacoby [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, w] // CO / Type [p, w, circle label with yellow letters and border] / 1526 [p, w] ” .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Japan. Hokkaido: • 1 ♀ (HAPC), Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido University, 15. X. 2011, leg. H. Suenaga ; Honshu. Aichi: • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Toyohashi-shi, Imou-shitsugen, 8. IV. 1989, leg. Y. Komiya ; Ibaraki: • 1 ♀ (HIPC), Daigo, Uenomiya, Mt. Yamizo-san, 28. V. 2917, leg. H. Yoshitake ; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Sakura-mura, Sakura-gawa Riv., 1. VI. 1986, leg. Y. Komiya ; Ishikawa: • 1 ♀ (HAPC), Mt. Haku-san, Betsuzan-dô, 21. V. 2016, leg. H. Kawase ; Shizuoka: • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (SEHU), Izu-peninsula, Mt. Manzaburo-dake, 19. V. 1980, leg. J. Okuma ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Tagata-gum, Tohi, 4. V. 1985, leg. Y. Komiya ; Tokyo: • 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Katsushika-ku, Mizumoto Kôen Park, 8. V. 2005, leg. Y. Komiya ; Shikoku. Ehime: • 1 ♂ (HAPC), Kumakôgen-chô, Mt. Saragamine, 7. VI. 2009, leg. H. Suenaga ; • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (HAPC), Matsuyama-shi, Mt. Takanawa-san, 12. V. 2007, leg. S, Sejima ; Kyushu. • 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Mt. Hiko-san, 14. VIII. 1941, leg. M. Chûjô ; Fukuoka: • 2 ♂ (HAPC), Soeda-machi, Mt. Hiko-san, 8. VIII. 2009, leg. S. Sejima ; Russian Far East. Primorsky Krai: • 2 ♂ (NHMUK), Lazovski Zapovednik, 170 m E Vladivostok, Korpad, 28. V. - 6. VI. 2001, leg. M. Quest ; • 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Odarkovskij, Zavod, 25. IV. 1911, leg. A. Tsherskij ; • 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Wladiwostok, leg. Herman Frieb. ; South Korea. • 1 ♀ (TARI), Sulgen, 15. VII. 1932, leg. D. Okamoto ; Taiwan. Taipei: • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Kueitzukeng (貴仔坑), 4. XII. 2006, leg. H. - T. Cheng ; • 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ leg. H. Lee ”; • 1 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 9. IX. 2007, leg. M. - H. Tsou; • 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 18. XI. 2007 ”; • 2 ♀ (TARI), Tienmu (天母), 8. XII. 2006, leg. S. - F. Yu.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adults of Argopistes biplagiatus are similar to those of A. rufus with similar color pattern but differing from A. rufus possessing line of punctures that are less coarse than those between the lines, sometimes confused (lines of punctures much coarser than those between lines in A. rufus) and a wider interspace between eyes. Genitalic characters are more diagnostic for both species. Those of A. biplagiatus possess pointed apices (Fig. 3 C) and are wider in lateral view (Fig. 3 D) (widely rounded apex (Fig. 5 C) and narrow aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 6 D) in A. rufus); females have narrow, parallel-sided bases of gonocoxae (Fig. 3 G) (medially widened gonocoxae (Fig. 5 G) in A. rufus), and ventrite VIII evenly rounded and with dense setae on apical margin (Fig. 4 E) (medially depressed and without setae on median area of apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 5 E) in A. rufus).</p><p>In addition, adults of A. biplagiatus in Taiwan are larger (4.7–4.9 mm) than those of A. rufus (3.8–4.3 mm). Moreover, distinct color patterns occur in both species respectively (black elytra with reddish brown at middle in A. biplagiatus; yellowish brown elytra with distinct arrangement of black spots in A. rufus).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Length 4.4–4.9 mm, width 3.5–3.8 mm. Color variable (see below). Pronotum broad, convex, lateral margin narrowly explanate; 2.0–2.2 × wider than long, disc with dense coarse punctures; lateral margin rounded, anterior margin strongly concave, posterior margin moderately convex. Intercoxal prosternal process flattened and with coarse punctures, delimited by narrow ridge on apical and lateral margins, truncate or slightly rounded at apex. Elytra broadly oval, 1.1 × longer than wide, disc with dense, confused, coarse punctures. Abdominal ventrite I with intercoxal area 2.0 × as long as wide, widest at basal 1 / 5, disc glabrous, rounded by reversed U-shaped ridge, provided with a row of coarse punctures inside subparallel lateral ridges.</p><p>Male. Antenna filiform (Fig. 3 A), antennomere I much longer than others, approximate ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.3: 0.2: 0.4: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.6; approximate ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 4.4: 1.9: 1.7: 2.4: 2.0: 1.6: 1.6: 1.8: 1.7: 1.7: 2.9. Aedeagus (Fig. 3 C, D) apically and strongly narrowed from apical 1 / 5, slightly narrowed from apical 2 / 10–3 / 10, then slightly and basally widened towards basal 1 / 6, apex pointed; anterior opening very small, from apex to apical 3 / 10; tectum composed of one pair of sclerotized processes with apices twisted; extremely wide and straight in lateral view; paired processes straight in lateral view; endophallic sclerite laterally flattened, with small process near apex, and with basal processes membranous.</p><p>Female. Antenna (Fig. 3 B) similar to males, ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.3: 0.2: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3: 0.6; ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 4.5: 2.0: 1.7: 2.0: 1.9: 1.7: 1.5: 1.6: 1.3: 1.5: 2.4. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 3 E) membranous, only apical margin sclerotized, T-shaped, with dense long setae along apical margin, apical margin widely rounded, spiculum long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 3 F) much longer than pump, moderately swollen, curved in lateral view; pump slightly emarginated at inner side of base; spermathecal duct with long basal part, ramus rounded. Gonocoxae (Fig. 3 G) wide and separated, base membranous, each gonocoxa longitudinal and asymmetric, apically narrowed from middle, with dense long setae along apical areas.</p><p>Color variation.</p><p>In Japan, two distinct color patters of adults, typical color form (Fig. 4 A – C): general color black, each elytron with one large red spot, lateral margin sometimes yellowish brown, legs dark brown but tarsi yellowish brown, head entirely black, or with one yellowish brown spot on vertex, or entirely yellowish brown except above eyes, abdominal ventrites yellowish brown but medially black; yellowish brown color form: general color yellowish brown (Fig. 4 D – F; undecimmaculata form), pronotum with one pair of small lateral black spots, elytra with 11 black spots, two pairs arranged into transverse lines near base and middle, one transverse pair near suture at middle, others longitudinal, one additional transverse pair near apex, one spot along suture from basal 1 / 3 to apical 1 / 3, medially widened, head yellowish brown but black below eyes except mouthparts, thoracic and abdominal ventrites black but abdominal ventrites laterally yellowish brown, legs black but tarsi, pro- and mesotibiae yellowish brown.</p><p>At the type locality (Russian Far East and northeastern China), some individuals represent the typical form (Fig. 2 B) but with yellowish margins of pronotum and elytra, some with enlarged red spots on the elytra connected with each other, some with entirely yellowish-brown bodies (Fig. 2 C).</p><p>In Taiwan, some specimens represent the typical form, but some have enlarged red spots on elytra that extend into the basal margin and connect with each other, and have reddish brown thoracic and abdominal ventrites.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Inoue (1990 a) recorded the following species as host plants: Osmanthus × fortunei, O. heterophyllus, O. fragrans (桂花), O. fragrans var. aurantiacus Makino, Ligustrum japonicum (日本女真), L. ovalifolium Hassk., L. licidum W. T. Aiton, Syringa vulgaris L., and S. reticulata (Blume) H. Hara. Chûjô and Kimoto (1961) recorded one additional host, Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. Lee and Cho (2006) recorded Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold &amp; Zucc for Korean populations.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Various aspects of biology of A. biplagiatus were studied in Japan, including feeding habits, seasonal development, habitat selection, host plant preference, and adult diapause (Inoue 1990 a, b, 1991 b, 1992, 1993, 1994). Generally, the species has a univoltine life cycle. Eggs and / or larvae of this species are observed in the spring. Mature larvae fall from the host trees rather than crawling (Inoue 2014).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Syntypes of A. biplagiatus Motschulsky display great color variation. Several names ( A. flavitarsis, A. limbatus, and A. suturalis) have been proposed for different color patterns.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Russian Far East, South Korea, and new to Taiwan (Fig. 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E6FA5333D4450B282C01DE5C5B9AB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Chiang, Ming-Yao;Suenaga, Haruki	Lee, Chi-Feng, Chiang, Ming-Yao, Suenaga, Haruki (2024): The genus Argopistes Motschulsky from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1215: 151-183, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1215.134871
570090837C865358A6D58687DA1C053F.text	570090837C865358A6D58687DA1C053F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argopistes jungchani Lee & Chiang & Suenaga 2024	<div><p>Argopistes jungchani sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11 A, B, 12</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (TARI). Taiwan. Pingtung: Jinshuiying (浸水營), 14. IV. 2021, leg. J. - C. Chen . Paratype • 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 27. VI. 2012 ” .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adults of this new species are easily recognized by their color pattern: black bodies with yellowish-brown lateral margins of pronotum and elytra; also, genitalic characters are diagnostic: tube-like apex of aedeagus similar to that of A. tsekooni but parallel-sided from near apex to middle (Fig. 12 C) (apically narrowed from near apex to middle (Fig. 9 C) in A. tsekooni), paired elongate tectum small, 0.76 as long as anterior opening (Fig. 12 C) (paired elongate tectum long, 0.85 as long as anterior opening (Fig. 9 C) in A. tsekooni), and anterior opening from apical 1 / 13–2 / 5 (Fig. 12 C) (anterior opening from apex to apical 2 / 5 (Fig. 9 C) in A. tsekooni); only two pair of long setae on apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 12 E) in females (more than two pair of setae on apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII in females of other species), and cylindrical gonocoxae (Fig. 12 G).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Length 3.5–3.6 mm, width 2.7–2.9 mm. Color (Fig. 11 A, B) blackish brown, sides of pronotum and elytra paled, tarsi, front femur and tibiae, and antennae yellowish brown. Pronotum broad, convex, lateral margin narrowly explanate; 2.3 × wider than long, disc with dense coarse punctures; lateral margin rounded, anterior margin strongly concave, posterior margin moderately convex. Elytra broadly oval, 1.1 × longer than wide, disc with fine punctures arranged into longitudinal lines, confused, dense, fine punctures present between longitudinal punctures.</p><p>Male. Antenna filiform (Fig. 12 A), antennomere I much longer than others, approximate ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.3: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6; approximate ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 4.4: 2.2: 1.9: 2.6: 2.3: 2.2: 1.9: 1.8: 1.7: 1.7: 2.6. Aedeagus (Fig. 12 C, D) parallel-sided, strongly and subapically narrowed, apex tube-like and extremely small; anterior opening small, ~ 0.30 as long as aedeagus, from apical 1 / 13–2 / 5; tectum composed of one pair of sclerotized processes, large, ~ 0.76 as long as anterior opening; wide and slightly curved in lateral view; paired processes apically curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite laterally flattened, with basal processes slightly sclerotized.</p><p>Female. Antenna (Fig. 12 B) much smaller than in males, ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.6; ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 4.2: 1.8: 1.8: 1.6: 1.7: 1.5: 1.5: 1.7: 1.6: 1.4: 2.3. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 12 E) membranous, only apical margin sclerotized, T-shaped, with two pairs of short setae at sides of apical margin, apical margin truncate, spiculum long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 12 F) much longer than pump, moderately swollen; pump slightly emarginate at inner side of base; spermathecal duct with long basal part, ramus rounded. Gonocoxae (Fig. 12 G) cylindrical and separated, base membranous, each gonocoxa symmetric, with dense long setae along apical and outer margin.</p><p>Host plant.</p><p>Unknown</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This new species is named for Jung-Chan Chen (陳榮章), the first person to collect specimens.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Only known from the type locality (Fig. 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/570090837C865358A6D58687DA1C053F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Chiang, Ming-Yao;Suenaga, Haruki	Lee, Chi-Feng, Chiang, Ming-Yao, Suenaga, Haruki (2024): The genus Argopistes Motschulsky from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1215: 151-183, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1215.134871
FB6FB5E25732540492414BF16355B8FA.text	FB6FB5E25732540492414BF16355B8FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argopistes rufus (Chen 1934) Chen A 1934	<div><p>Argopistes rufus Chen, 1934 stat. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2 G, H, 6, 7</p><p>Argopistes coccinelloides Baly, 1874 (nec Suffrian, 1868): 202 (Japan); Chûjô 1935 a: 87 (Japan: Okinawa); Chûjô 1935 b: 211 (catalogue).</p><p>Argopistes biplagiatus: Schönfeldt 1890: 175 (Japan: Loochoo); Chûjô 1936: 110 (Taiwan), misidentification (Gressitt and Kimoto 1963).</p><p>Argopistes biplagiatus var. rufus Chen, 1934 a: 72 (China).</p><p>Argopistes coccinelliformis Csiki, 1940: 524 (new replacement name for A. coccinelloides Baly, 1874); Chûjô and Kimoto 1961: 174 (catalogue); Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 812 (South China); Kimoto 1965: 436 (redescription); Takizwa, 2012: 38 (faunistics).</p><p>Argopistes ryukyuensis Shigetoh &amp; Suenaga, 2022: 4 (Japan: Okinawa). syn. nov.</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Argopistes coccinelloides . Holotype • (sex undetermined, NHMUK) (Fig. 2 G, H): “ Argopistes / coccinelloides / Baly / Japan [h, b] // Type / H. T. [p, circle label with red border] // Baly Coll. [h, w] // BMMH (E) / # 1024843 [p, w] ”.</p><p>Argopistes biplagiatus var. rufus . Lectotype • ♀ (here designated, NHMUK): “ China [p] // Bowring / 63 • 37 * [p] // Argopistes coccinelliformis / Csiki, 1940 / det C. - F. Lee, 2023 [p] ♀ [h, w] // NHMUK 015998267 [with OR Code, p, w] ” . Paralectoypes • 3 ♀ (NHMUK), same as lectotype but with “ 0155998268–0155998270 ” .</p><p>Argopistes ryukyuensis . Paratypes. Japan: Kitadaitô-jima Island (北大東島) : • 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (HAPC), Kitadaitô-jima, 21. IV. 2018, leg. H. Kawase ; Okinawa-jima Island: • 1 ♂ (HAPC), Tomigusuku-shi, Tomigusuku, 10. V. 2020, leg. H. Shigetoh ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HAPC), same but with “ 11. III. 2021 ”; Ou-jima Island: • 1 ♀ (HIPC), Nanjo-shi, Tamashiro-ou, 6. V. 2019, leg. H. Shigetoh ; • 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (1 ♂: HAPC; 2 ♂, 1 ♀: HIPC), same but with “ 2. III. 2021 ”; Tonaki-jima Island: • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HIPC), Tonaki-son, Uaki, 1. IX. 2018, leg. H. Shigetoh ; Tsuken-jima Island: • 1 ♀ (HAPC), Uruma-shi, Katsurentsuken, 14-16. VII. 2020, leg. H. Shigetoh ; Yonaguni-jima Island: • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HAPC), Kita-Bokujô, 28. III. 2001, leg. S. Tsuyuki.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>China. Guandong: • 7 ♂, 6 ♀ (TARI), Yangtaishan (阳台山), 23. IV. 2022, leg. Y. - Y. Ruan ; • 13 ♂, 11 ♀ (TARI), Wutongshan (梧桐山), 5. IV. 2023, leg. Y. - Y. Ruan ; Hong Kong: • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (NHMUK), 56 / 157, 894 / 7 / 8 / 63; • 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Walker Coll., 93—58; • 1 ♂ (NHMUK), Tailung National Park, 12. III. 1963, leg. P. Y. So ; Japan. Honshu. Gumma: • 1 ♀ (NHMUK), Maebashi-shi, Iwakami-chô, 18. IV. 2003, leg. Y. Komiya ; Okayama: • 1 ♀ (HAPC), Mimasaka-shi, Yono, 10. IV. 2016, leg. H. Suenaga ; • 1 ♂ (HAPC), Okayama-shi, Kita-ku, Kibi service area, 1. VII. 2012, leg. O. Yamaji ; • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (HAPC), Tsuyama-shi, Yamakita, 3. IV. 2014, leg. H. Suenaga ; Tokyo: • 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (HIPC), Hachiôji-shi, Kinugaoka, 18. VI. 2016, leg. H. Shigetoh ; Hachijô-jima Island: • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (SEHU), Okagô, 3. VIII. 1963, leg. Y. Kamiya ; Ogasawara Haha-jima Island: • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Funamidai, 24. VI. 1987, leg. H. Akiyama ; Kyushu. Fukuoka: • 1 ♀ (HAPC), Fukuoka-shi, Higashi-ku, Hakozaki Kyushu Univ., 7. VI. 2008, leg. Y. Matsumura ; • 1 ♀ (HAPC), Fukuoka-shi, Hakozaki, 16. VIII. 2011, leg. H. Suenaga ; Kagoshima: Koshiki-jima Island: • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Teuchi, 16. V. 1965, leg. Y. Komiya ; the Ryukyus. Okinawa: Kita-daitô-jima Island: • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (HIPC), Kita-daitô-jima, 21. IV. 2018, leg. H. Kawase ; Taiwan. Hsinchu: • 3 ♂, 6 ♀ (TARI), Hsinchu (新竹市), 23. IV. 2021, leg. C. - Y. Tsai ; Kinmen: Kinmen Island (金門島): • 1 ♀ (TARI), Botanic Park (植物園), 12. VII. 2023, leg. C. - F. Lee ; • 3 ♂, 14 ♀ (TARI), Jinsha (金沙), 12. IV. 2023, leg. C. - F. Lee ; Matsu Islands: • 10 ♂, 11 ♀ (TARI), Beigan Island (北竿島), 12. IV. 2024, leg. C. - F. Lee ; • 6 ♂, 10 ♀ (TARI), Nangan Island (南竿島), 12. IV. 2024, leg. C. - F. Lee ; Nantou: • 4 ♂, 5 ♀ (TARI), Chichi (集集), 26. V. 2023, leg. T. - W. Hsu ; • 2 ♂ (TARI), Mingchien (名間), 14. VII. 2022, leg. Y. - J. Tung ; Taipei: • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Kuantu (關渡), 8. IV. 2020, leg. M. - H. Tsou ; • 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 18. X. 2010, leg. S. - F. Yu; • 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 20. II. 2011 ”; • 5 ♂, 6 ♀ (TARI), Kuanyinshan (觀音山), 21. III. 2016, leg. H. - T. Cheng ; • 2 ♂ (TARI), same locality, 20. V. 2011, leg. H. Lee.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adults of A. rufus look similar to those of A. biplagiatus with a similar color pattern, but differ from A. biplagiatus in having lines of punctures much coarser than those between the lines (lined punctures slightly coarser than those between lines, sometime confused in A. biplagiatus) and a narrower interspace between eyes. Genitalic characters are diagnostic for both species. Those of A. rufus possess widely rounded apices (Fig. 6 C) and the aedeagus is narrow in lateral view (Fig. 6 D) (pointed apex (Fig. 3 C) and wider aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 3 D) in A. biplagiatus); females have medially widened gonocoxae (Fig. 6 G) (narrow and parallel-sided base of gonocoxae (Fig. 3 G) in A. biplagiatus), and abdominal ventrite VIII medially depressed and without setae on median area (Fig. 6 E) (evenly rounded and with dense setae on apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 3 E) in A. biplagiatus).</p><p>In addition, adults of A. rufus in Taiwan are smaller (3.8–4.3 mm) than those of A. biplagiatus (4.7–4.9 mm). Moreover, distinct color patterns occur to both species respectively (yellowish brown elytra with distinct arrangement of black spots in A. rufus; black elytra with reddish brown central area in A. biplagiatus).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Length 3.6–4.3 mm, width 2.9–3.4 mm. Color variable (see below). Pronotum broad, convex, lateral margin narrowly explanate; 2.1–2.2 × wider than long, disc with dense fine punctures; lateral margin rounded, anterior margin strongly concave, posterior margin moderately convex. Elytra broadly oval, 1.1 × longer than wide, disc with coarse punctures arranged into longitudinal striae and with dense fine punctures between striae.</p><p>Male. Antenna filiform (Fig. 6 A), antennomere I much longer than others, approximate ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5; approximate ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 4.3: 2.0: 2.0: 2.0: 2.0: 1.8: 1.5: 1.6: 1.7: 1.7: 2.7. Aedeagus (Fig. 6 C, D) apically and strongly narrowed from apical 1 / 3, apex truncate; anterior opening large, ~ 0.52 as long as aedeagus, from apical 1 / 8–3 / 5; tectum composed of one pair of sclerotized processes with bifurcate apices, outer apex hooked, small, ~ 0.36 as long as anterior opening; narrow and slightly curved in lateral view; paired processes apically curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite laterally flattened, with small process near apex, and with basal processes.</p><p>Female. Antenna (Fig. 6 B) similar to males, ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.3: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5; ratios of length to width of antennomeres III – XI 4.4: 1.9: 2.0: 2.2: 1.8: 1.6: 1.4: 1.7: 1.6: 1.6: 2.3. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 5 E) weakly sclerotized, T-shaped, with several setae along apical margin, apical margin medially depressed, spiculum long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 6 F) longer than pump, moderately swollen, curved in lateral view; pump emarginate at inner side of base; spermathecal duct with long basal part, ramus rounded. Gonocoxae (Fig. 6 G) wide and separated, base membranous, each gonocoxa asymmetric, apically narrowed from basal 1 / 3, with sparse long setae along apical areas.</p><p>Color variation.</p><p>In Japanese populations, antennae yellowish brown; pronotum and elytra black, each elytron with one large red spot, sometimes widened and spots connected to each other, red spot reduced in some individuals; mesoventrite and abdominal ventrites reddish brown but medially black; femora blackish brown, tibiae dark brown, tarsi yellowish brown; few individuals have entirely reddish-brown bodies. In the Ryukyus, adults usually have larger red spots on the elytra and reddish-brown elytral margins (described as A. ryukyuensis Shigetoh &amp; Suenaga, 2022).</p><p>On Taiwan Island, adults separate into two color forms. Typical form (Fig. 7 A – C): black elytron with one large red spot, same as Japanese populations; yellowish brown color form (Fig. 7 D – F): elytra with wide black stripe along suture, starting from base, apically narrowed and abbreviated at basal 1 / 3, with two pairs of black spots halfway between suture and lateral margin, anterior pair at base, posterior pair at apical 1 / 3, one wide black stripe along lateral margin, starting from base, apically narrowed, abbreviated at basal 1 / 3 or 1 / 4; abdominal ventrites medially darker. This color form is also found in Nangan Island.</p><p>In China and Kinmen Island, almost all adults belong to the typical form. A few specimens have entirely reddish-brown bodies (Fig. 7 G – I). Three specimens collected from Hong Kong also have reddish bodies.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Inoue (2014) recorded Osmanthus × fortunei, O. heterophyllus, O. fragrans (桂花), O. fragrans var. aurantiacus, O. insularis Koidz, Ligustrum japonicum (日本女真), L. licidum, L. ovalifolium, L. obtusifolium, Syringa vulgaris, S. reticulata, Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., and Olea europaea L. as host plants in Japan. In Taiwan, larvae mine the leaves of the following plants: Chionanthus retusus (in Taiwan Island, Nangan, and Beigan islands), Ligustrum japonicum (in Beigan island), and Osmanthus fragrans (in Kinmen Island).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Various aspects of the biology of A. rufus were studied in Japan, including feeding habits, habitat selection, seasonal development, and developmental biology on various host trees, developmental success of larvae on two different host trees, seasonal trends of feeding and oviposition activities of adults, effects of food condition on oviposition, overwintering and oviposition ability of adults that emerge late in the season, effects of photoperiod and temperature on induction of reproductive diapause in newly emergence adults, and occurrence on olive trees (Inoue and Shinkaji 1989 a – c, 1990; Inoue 1990 b, 1991 a, 1998, 2001, 2014).</p><p>The seasonal development of this species was studied in the field in southern Kantô, Central Japan (Inoue 1996). Overwintered adults appeared on host trees beginning mid-March, with a peak in mid-April to early May. Females began to deposit eggs from mid- to late April. The eggs were laid singly, embedded in young leaves, and coated with excrement. Leaf-mining larvae only developed in new leaves. Larvae underwent three larval instars and mature larvae crawled down to pupate in the upper layers of soil. Adults eclosed in mid-June, with a peak in later June-early July. They mainly fed on mature leaves. Adults passed the winter near the ground, mainly under fallen leaves. The egg, larval, prepupal, and pupal period took ~ 10, 20–30, 10–15, and 10–15 days respectively during spring to early summer. In Taiwan, larvae and adults can be found during April.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Argopistes biplagiatus var. rufus was described by Chen (1934 a) based on four reddish brown individuals (Fig. 7 G – I) deposited in the NMHUK. We found the determination label: “ Argopistes / biplagiatus / var. rufa ”, handwritten by Chen pinned with one typical form (Fig. 7 A – C). Four adjacent females fit the original description (reddish brown body form) and bore two labels “ China / Bowring ” although no determination labels were found. Thus, those specimens were designated as lectotypes and paralectotypes. Bezděk and Konstantinov (2024) placed this name as a junior synonym of A. coccinelliformis Csiki, 1940 . Actually, it is a distinct species and attributed to the oldest available name. Thus, the valid name is Argopistes rufus Chen, 1934, stat. nov.</p><p>Adults of A. rufus and A. ryukyuensis are not separable when Taiwanese and Chinese specimens are included. Aedeagi of both areas are intermediate between A. rufus and A. ryukyuensis . Moreover, one distinct color pattern (yellowish-brown elytra with black spots) occurs in Taiwanese populations. Thus, color patterns may not be considered as diagnostic characters. Other diagnostic characters provided by Shigetoh and Suenaga (2022) are not diagnostic for species delimitation. Thus A. ryukyuensis Shigetoh &amp; Suenaga, 2022 is regarded as junior synonym of A. rufus Chen, 1934 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China, Japan (Honshu, the Izu Isls., Ogasawara Isls., Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinoshima Is., Kashiwa-jima Is., the Koshiki-jima Isls., Yakushima Is., the Ryukyu Isls.), Taiwan including Kinmen Island and Matsu Islands (Beigan and Nangan Islands) (Fig. 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB6FB5E25732540492414BF16355B8FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Chiang, Ming-Yao;Suenaga, Haruki	Lee, Chi-Feng, Chiang, Ming-Yao, Suenaga, Haruki (2024): The genus Argopistes Motschulsky from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1215: 151-183, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1215.134871
CF894C90437552B8B9F4123697977F97.text	CF894C90437552B8B9F4123697977F97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argopistes tsekooni Chen A 1934	<div><p>Argopistes tsekooni Chen, 1934</p><p>Figs 8 A – C, 9</p><p>Argopistes tsekooni Chen, 1934 b: 316 (China: Shanghai, Hangchow); Csiki 1940: 525 (catalogue); Chûjô and Kimoto 1961: 174 (China, Japan); Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 813 (China: Jiangsu); Kimoto 1965: 437 (redescription); Lee and An 2001: 183 (South Korea); Lee and Cho 2006: 91 (host plant); Takizwa, 2012: 38 (faunistics); Cho and An 2020: 15 (North Korea); Won et al. 2023: 9 (South Korea: Ulleungdo).</p><p>Argopistes biplagiatus: Baly 1874: 202 (misidentification).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>One syntype • (sex undetermined, IZAS): “ 浙江 (= Zhejiang): 杭州 (= Hangchow) / 1934. [h] / 中国科學院 (= Chinese Academy of Sciences) [h, p] // 害水蜡樹 (attacking Ligustrum obtusifolium) [h, w] // Argopistes / tsekooni / Chen [h, w] ”. Although this specimen does not bear any type label, it should be regarded as type specimen since it fit the original description.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Japan. • 1 ♀ (NHMUK): “ Argopistes / biplagiatus / Motsch / Japan [h, w] // Baly Coll. [p, w] ” ; Honshu. Shizuoka: • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Tagata-gun, Tohi, 4. V. 1985, leg. Y. Komiya ; Tokyo: • 1 ♂ (HAPC), Komae-shi, Komai-machi, 10. VI. 2021, leg. R. Seki ; Yamaguchi: • 1 ♂ (NHMUK); Kyushu. Fukuoka: • 1 ♀ (HAPC), Fukuoka-shi, Higashi-ku, Shimobaru (alt. 100–360 m), 27. V. 2009, leg. S. Sejima ; • 1 ♀ (NHMUK), Mt. Mikazuki, 2. V. 1954, leg. K. Morimoto ; Nagasaki: • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (SEHU), Sasebo-shi, Mt. Yahirodake, 14. IV. 1981, leg. J. Okuma ; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), same locality but with “ 21. IV. 1981 ”; Oita: • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (HAPC), Hita-shi, Miwa, Chikura, 11. IV. 2016, leg. S. Sasaki.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adults of A. tsekooni are recognized easily by their small body sizes (&lt;3.5 mm;&gt; 3.5 mm in others except A. unicolor), elongate ovate body shapes (elytra 1.2 × longer than wide; but 1.1 × longer than wide in others), and the combined red spots on elytra (usually separate red spots on the elytra in others); additionally, most genitalic characters are unique, such as the tube-like apex of the aedeagus (Fig. 9 C); few setae on apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII in females (Fig. 9 E); and transverse gonocoxae with dense, long setae on the widely rounded apical margin (Fig. 9 G).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Length 2.8–3.2 mm, width 2.1–2.4 mm. Color (Fig. 8 A – C) blackish brown, elytron with one transverse orange area at basal 1 / 3, and narrowed towards suture; tarsi and front tibiae yellow; antennae dark brown but seven basal antennomeres yellow. Pronotum broad, convex, lateral margin narrowly explanate; 2.0–2.1 × wider than long, disc with dense coarse punctures; lateral margin rounded, anterior margin strongly concave, posterior margin moderately convex. Elytra elongate oval, 1.2 × longer than wide, disc with confused, dense, coarse punctures.</p><p>Male. Antenna filiform (Fig. 9 A), antennomere I much longer than others, approximate ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.7; approximate ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 3.1: 1.8: 2.0: 2.5: 2.3: 1.9: 1.8: 2.1: 2.1: 2.2: 2.9. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 C, D) gradually widened from basal 1 / 9–1 / 2, then gradually narrowed to basal 1 / 2, strongly widened posterior – basal 1 / 2; anterior opening large, ~ 0.39 as long as aedeagus, from apex to apical 2 / 5; tectum composed of one pair of sclerotized processes, long, ~ 0.85 as long as anterior opening, wide and slightly curved from basal 2 / 4 to apex in lateral view, recurved near apex; endophallic sclerite laterally flattened, with base twisted.</p><p>Female. Antenna (Fig. 9 B) similar to males, but antennomeres VII – X wider, ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.6; ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 3.8: 1.8: 2.0: 1.8: 1.9: 1.9: 1.6: 1.5: 1.5: 1.5: 2.4. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 9 E) weakly sclerotized, only part of apical margin well sclerotized, with several setae along apical margin, spiculum long and base wider. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 9 F) longer than pump, moderately swollen, curved in lateral view; pump emarginated at inner side of base; spermathecal duct with long basal part, ramus truncate. Gonocoxae (Fig. 9 G) wide and separated, base membranous, each gonocoxa asymmetric, apically narrowed from near base, with sparse setae along apical areas, setae longer at apical 1 / 2.</p><p>Color variation.</p><p>One male has a black body and lacks transparent spots on elytra. Another male has an entire yellowish-brown body.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Oleaceae: Ligustrum obtusifolium (Chûjô &amp; Kimoto, 1961); Syringa oblata Lindl., L. japonicum, L. licidum, and L. sinense (Zhang et al. 2008 b) .</p><p>Biology.</p><p>The biology and life history of A. tsekooni were studied under laboratory and outdoor conditions in Huangshan City of Anhui Province, China (Zhang et al. 2009). Argopistes tsekooni overwintered as adults and had three overlapping generations in Anhui Province.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China, Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, the Goto Isls., Hirado-jima Is. Tsushima Is.), North Korea, South Korea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF894C90437552B8B9F4123697977F97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Chiang, Ming-Yao;Suenaga, Haruki	Lee, Chi-Feng, Chiang, Ming-Yao, Suenaga, Haruki (2024): The genus Argopistes Motschulsky from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1215: 151-183, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1215.134871
BD1D0EB0D6765BB5B4A0BFB47322CF24.text	BD1D0EB0D6765BB5B4A0BFB47322CF24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argopistes tsoui Lee & Chiang & Suenaga 2024	<div><p>Argopistes tsoui sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 11 C, D, 13, 14 A, B</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (TARI). Taiwan. Hsinchu: Tahunshan (大混山), 24. II. 2009, leg. S. - F. Yu. • Paratypes • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), same as holotype; • 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 8. IX. 2009 ”; Ilan: • 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (TARI), Fushan (福山) Chihwuyan (植物園 = Botanic Park), 15. II. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou ; • 4 ♂, 6 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 8. VI. 2023, leg. S. - S. Lu; • 1 ♂ (TAFI), same but with “ 27. XI. 2023 ”; • 1 ♀ (TAFI), same but with “ 28. XI. 2023 ”; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TAFI), same but with “ 29. XI. 2023 ”; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 5. XII. 2023 ”; • 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 7. XII. 2023 ”; • 1 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 18. XII. 2023 ”; • 1 ♂ (TARI), same but with “ 11. I. 2024 ”; • 1 ♂ (TARI), same but with “ 8. III. 2024 ”; • 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 7. V. 2024 ”; Keelung: • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), Hungtanshan (紅淡山), 10. V. 2008, leg. M. - H. Tsou; Pingtung: • 1 ♀ (TARI), Lilungshan (里龍山), 5. XI. 2009, leg. M. - H. Tsou ; • 1 ♀ (TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山), 22. I. 2009, leg. S. - F. Yu ; • 1 ♀ (TARI), same locality, 20. VIII. 2022, leg. Y. - T. Chung; Taoyuan: • 2 ♂ (TARI), Tungyanshan (東眼山), 8. VII. 2007, leg. M. - H. Tsou ; • 1 ♀ (TARI), Yongfu (永福), 24. III. 2014, leg. H. Lee.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adults of A. tsoui sp. nov. are similar to those of A. biplagiatus with reddish-brown elytra with wide black lateral margins, but differ from A. biplagiatus by the reddish-brown pronotum with wide black lateral margins (entirely black pronotum in A. biplagiatus). Diagnostic genitalic characters include pointed apex of aedeagus similar (Fig. 13 C) to that of A. biplagiatus (Fig. 3 C) but relatively narrower in lateral view (Fig. 13 D) (relatively wider (Fig. 3 D) in A. biplagiatus), longer, longitudinal paired sclerites of tectum (Fig. 13 C) (short, curved paired sclerites of tectum (Fig. 3 C) in A. biplagiatus), anterior opening from apical 1 / 10 to middle (Fig. 13 C) (anterior opening from apex to apical 3 / 10 (Fig. 3 C) in A. biplagiatus); triangular gonocoxae similar to those of A. rufus but expanding inwardly at basal 1 / 3 (Fig. 13 G) (expanding outward at basal 1 / 3 (Fig. 6 G) in A. rufus); dense setae along apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII similar to those of A. biplagiatus but much denser and shorter (Fig. 13 C) (less denser and longer setae on apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 3 E) in A. biplagiatus).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Length 3.9–4.3 mm, width 3.2–3.5 mm. Color (Fig. 11 C – E) reddish brown, sides of pronotum and elytra darker, tarsi and antennae yellow. Pronotum broad, convex, lateral margin narrowly explanate; 2.2 × wider than long, disc with dense coarse punctures; lateral margin rounded, anterior margin strongly concave, posterior margin moderately convex. Elytra broadly oval, 1.0–1.1 × longer than wide, disc with dense, confused, coarse punctures.</p><p>Male. Antenna filiform (Fig. 13 A), antennomere I much longer than others, approximate ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.6; approximate ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 4.7: 2.1: 2.2: 2.4: 2.0: 2.0: 1.9: 1.9: 1.9: 1.7: 2.7. Aedeagus (Fig. 13 B, C) strongly narrowed from apical 1 / 5 to apex, apex pointed; anterior opening small, ~ 0.35 as long as aedeagus, from apical 1 / 10 to middle; tectum composed of one pair of sclerotized processes with bifurcate apices, outer apex hooked, large, ~ 1.1 as long as anterior opening; narrow and slightly curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite laterally flattened, with small process near apex, and with basal processes membranous.</p><p>Female. Antenna (Fig. 13 B) similar to males, ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5; ratios of length to width of antennomeres III – XI 4.1: 2.2: 2.4: 2.4: 2.2: 1.9: 2.1: 2.0: 1.9: 1.8: 2.9. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 13 E) membranous, only apical margin sclerotized, T-shaped, with dense short setae along apical margin, spiculum long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 13 F) longer than pump, moderately swollen, curved in lateral view; pump emarginate at inner side of base; spermathecal duct with elongate basal part, ramus rounded. Gonocoxae (Fig. 13 G) wide and separated, base membranous, each gonocoxa asymmetric, apically narrowed from apical 1 / 3, with dense long setae along apical areas.</p><p>Host plant.</p><p>Oleaceae: Osmanthus heterophyllus (Fig. 13 A, B), O. kaoi (T. S. Liu &amp; J. C. Liao) S. Y. Lu, O. enervius Masam. &amp; T. Mori, O. fragrans .</p><p>Biology.</p><p>This species seems to be univoltine. The larvae were found only during late March.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This new species is named for Mei-Hua Tsou (曹美華), the first person to collect specimens.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This new species is widespread in lowlands of Taiwan (Fig. 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD1D0EB0D6765BB5B4A0BFB47322CF24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Chiang, Ming-Yao;Suenaga, Haruki	Lee, Chi-Feng, Chiang, Ming-Yao, Suenaga, Haruki (2024): The genus Argopistes Motschulsky from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1215: 151-183, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1215.134871
4DC625D615FE50CEB9F7AA0871B5A9FC.text	4DC625D615FE50CEB9F7AA0871B5A9FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argopistes unicolor Jacoby A 1885	<div><p>Argopistes unicolor Jacoby, 1885</p><p>Figs 8 D – F, 10</p><p>Argopistes unicolor Jacoby, 1885: 738 (Japan: Yuyama); Chûjô 1936: 109 (catalogue); Csiki 1940: 524 (catalogue); Chûjô and Kimoto 1961: 174 (catalogue); Kimoto 1965: 438 (redescription); Takizawa, 2012: 38 (faunistics).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Lectotype • ♂ (here designated, NHMUK): “ (aedeagus glued on the transparent card) // Yuyama / 10. V. - 14. V. 81. [p, w] // Japan / G. Lewis. / 1910-320 [p, w] // Type / H. T. [p, w, circle label with red border] // Argopistes / unicolor. Jac. [h, b] // Argopistes unicolor JACOBY, / LECTOTYPUS 1885 / J. Král m. dit 1969! [h, w] // lecto- / typus [p, r] ” . Paralectotype. • 1 ♂ (TARI): “ Yuyama [h] / Japan [p] / 10. V. 1881 [h] / Col. G. LEWIS [p, w] // Argopistes / unicolor Jac. [h] / Det. T. Shiraki [p, w] // Co / Type [p, w, circle label with yellow letters and border] // Argopistes / unicolor Jacoby [h] // DET. M. CHUJO [p, w] // 1527 [p, w] ” .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Japan. Kyushu. Nagasaki: • 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (SEHU), Shimbara-shi, Senbuki, 8. V. 1984, leg. S. Imsaka ; • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (HAPC), same but with “ Senfujiki ”, collected on Ligustrum japonicum .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adults of A. unicolor are recognized easily by their small body sizes (&lt;3.5 mm;&gt; 3.5 mm in others except A. tsekooni), black antenna with three basal antennomeres paler (entirely yellowish-brown antennae in others except A. tsekooni with five dark apical antennomeres), and the entirely black elytra. Additionally, most genitalic characters are unique, including strongly curved aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 10 E), and anterior opening from apex to middle (Fig. 10 C); straight apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII in females (Fig. 10 F) with setae reduced at medial area (other species with straight margin of abdominal ventrite VIII in female always with setae on median area); and longitudinally square gonocoxae (Fig. 10 H).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Length 3.2–3.4 mm, width 2.3–2.5 mm. Color (Fig. 8 D – F) black; legs and mouthparts dark brown; antenna black but three basal antennomeres dark brown; abdominal ventrites yellowish brown but medially darkened. Pronotum broad, convex, lateral margins narrowly explanate; 1.9–2.0 × wider than long, disc with dense coarse punctures; lateral margin rounded, anterior margin strongly concave, posterior margin moderately convex. Elytra broadly oval, 1.1 × longer than wide, disc with coarse punctures arranged into longitudinal striae, and with fine punctures between striae.</p><p>Male. Antenna filiform (Fig. 10 A), antennomere I much longer than others, approximate ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5: 0.7; approximate ratio of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 3.8: 1.8: 1.8: 2.0: 1.8: 1.6: 1.6: 1.7: 1.5: 1.6: 2.7. Aedeagus (Fig. 10 C – E) widest at apical 1 / 4, slightly narrowed at middle, apically narrowed from apical 1 / 4, apex broadly rounded; anterior opening large, ~ 0.45 as long as aedeagus, from apex to middle; tectum composed of one pair of sclerotized processes, long, ~ 0.78 as long as anterior opening, paired processes with apices recurved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite laterally flattened, with one pair of long apical processes.</p><p>Female. Antenna (Fig. 10 B) similar to males, ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.3: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.6; ratios of length to width of antennomeres III – XI 3.4: 1.9: 1.9: 1.9: 1.7: 1.5: 1.6: 1.7: 1.5: 1.6: 2.4. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 10 F) weakly sclerotized, T-shaped, with several pairs of setae along apical margin, spiculum long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 10 G) longer and wider than pump, moderately swollen; pump emarginate at inner side of base; spermathecal duct with long basal part, ramus rounded. Gonocoxae (Fig. 10 H) wide and separated, base membranous, each gonocoxa subquadrate, with sparse setae along apical areas.</p><p>Color variation.</p><p>One male has a black body and lacks transparent spots on the elytra. Another male has an entire yellowish-brown body.</p><p>Host plants.</p><p>Oleaceae: Osmanthus heterophyllus (= Olea ilicifolia Hassk.) (Chûjô and Kimoto 1961), Ligustrum japonicum (based on collecting data).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Hirado-jima Is.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DC625D615FE50CEB9F7AA0871B5A9FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Chiang, Ming-Yao;Suenaga, Haruki	Lee, Chi-Feng, Chiang, Ming-Yao, Suenaga, Haruki (2024): The genus Argopistes Motschulsky from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1215: 151-183, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1215.134871
6E385736973B5CB0A00075CC7D5FD356.text	6E385736973B5CB0A00075CC7D5FD356.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argopistes yuae Lee & Chiang & Suenaga 2024	<div><p>Argopistes yuae sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 14 C, D, 15, 16</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (TARI). Taiwan. Taitung: Lanyu (蘭嶼), 16. IV. 2023, leg. Y. - F. Hsu . Paratypes • 11 ♂, 7 ♀ (TARI), same data as holotype; • 10 ♂, 5 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 20. III. 2023 ”; • 8 ♂, 5 ♀ (TARI), same but with “ 17. VI. 2023 ”; • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (TARI), same island, 14. III. 2023, leg. Y. - Y. Liu &amp; Y. - F. Hsu; • 1 ♀ (TARI), same island, 28. IV. 2022, leg. S-F. Yu; • 1 ♂ (TARI), same island, 4. IV. 2016, leg. Y. - T. Chung; • 1 ♂ (TARI), same island, 14. IV. 2013, leg. B. - X. Guo; • 1 ♂ (TARI), same island, 26. IV. 2009, leg. U. Ong; • 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (TARI), same island, 18. III. 2024, leg. Y. - F. Hsu; • 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (TARI), same island, 24. IV. 2024, leg. J. - C. Chen; • 6 ♂, 3 ♀ (NHMUK), same island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.55479&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.0373" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.55479/lat 22.0373)">Lanyu Weather Station</a> (蘭嶼氣象站), 22 ° 02.238 ' N, 121 ° 33.287 ' E, 26. VII. 2008, hand collecting, leg. M. V. L. Barclay &amp; H. Mendel ; • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (TARI), same island, Tataienchih (大天池), 19. III. 2024, leg. Y. - F. Hsu.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adults of this new species are not separable from those of A. rufus except by genitalic characters, including parallel-sided apex of aedeagus with anterior opening very close to apex of aedeagus, from apical 1 / 12–3 / 5 (Fig. 16 C) (apically narrowed aedeagus with anterior opening not so close to apex of aedeagus, from apical 1 / 8–3 / 5 (Fig. 6 C) in A. rufus); deeply notched apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 16 E) in females (shallowly notched apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 6 E) in females of A. rufus). In addition, this new species is restricted to Lanyu Island, and thus is isolated from other species geographically. Moreover, larvae and adults of this new species feed on leaves of Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb. (Fig. 14 C, D) but not those of Osmanthus fragrans based on laboratory rearing tests. Thus, both species are allopatric ecologically since Osmanthus fragrans is one of the host plants for A. rufus .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Length 4.2–4.3 mm, width 3.5 mm. Color (Fig. 15 A – C) blackish brown, elytron with one large transparent area at basal 1 / 3, near or connected with suture; tarsi and antennae yellowish brown. Pronotum broad, convex, lateral margin narrowly explanate; 2.3 × wider than long, disc with dense, coarse punctures; lateral margin rounded, anterior margin strongly concave, posterior margin moderately convex. Elytra broadly oval, 1.1 × longer than wide, disc with confused, dense, fine punctures.</p><p>Male. Antenna filiform (Fig. 16 A), antennomere I much longer than others, approximate ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.5: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5: 0.5: 0.4: 0.6; approximate ratios of length to width of antennomeres I – XI 3.8: 2.0: 2.0: 2.7: 2.0: 1.9: 1.9: 1.9: 1.8: 1.9: 2.8. Aedeagus (Fig. 16 C, D) parallel-sided from basal 1 / 3–2 / 3, apically narrowed from apical 1 / 3–1 / 6, apex tube-like; anterior opening large, ~ 0.53 as long as aedeagus, from apical 1 / 12–3 / 5; tectum composed of one pair of sclerotized processes, small, ~ 0.43 as long as anterior opening; wide and slightly curved in lateral view; paired processes curved at apical 1 / 3 in lateral view; endophallic sclerite laterally flattened, with basal processes slightly sclerotized, and one pair of small processes near apex.</p><p>Female. Antenna (Fig. 16 B) similar to males, ratios of length of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5; ratios of length to width of antennomeres III – XI 4.9: 1.9: 2.3: 2.5: 2.0: 1.8: 1.9: 1.8: 1.8: 1.9: 2.5. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 15 E) weakly sclerotized, T-shaped, with several pairs of setae along apical margin, setae smaller at sides, apical margin medially depressed, spiculum long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 16 F) longer than pump, moderately swollen, curved in lateral view; pump emarginate at inner side of base; spermathecal duct with long basal part, ramus rounded. Gonocoxae (Fig. 16 G) wide and separated, base membranous, each gonocoxa asymmetric, apically narrowed from near base, with sparse setae along apical areas, setae longer at apical 1 / 2.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>A few specimens have black bodies and lack red spots on elytra (Fig. 14 D – F).</p><p>Host plant.</p><p>Oleaceae: Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>This species seems to be univoltine. The larvae (Fig. 14 D) were found only during late March.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This new species is named for Su-Fang Yu (余素芳), the first person to collect specimens.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Endemic to Lanyu Island (Fig. 5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E385736973B5CB0A00075CC7D5FD356	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Chiang, Ming-Yao;Suenaga, Haruki	Lee, Chi-Feng, Chiang, Ming-Yao, Suenaga, Haruki (2024): The genus Argopistes Motschulsky from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini). ZooKeys 1215: 151-183, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1215.134871
