identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
200687A1FFFC6D39FF08FD4BFCE9FA5A.text	200687A1FFFC6D39FF08FD4BFCE9FA5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclosa ginnaga Yaginuma 1959	<div><p>Cyclosa ginnaga Yaginuma, 1959</p><p>Figs 1, 8</p><p>MATERIAL. Russia: Primorsky Krai, surroundings of the Lake Khanka, 18.VII 1968, 1♀, leg. F.Z. Popov.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Female. Habitus can vary greatly among individuals (Yaginuma, 1959; Tanikawa, 1992a; Zhu &amp;, Zhang, 2011; Kim &amp; Lee, 2012). Our specimen has a brown carapace darker to margins, eye region and posterior edge of head region. Sternum with two symmetrical round white spots. Legs light brown with wide dark brown rings. Abdomen elongated with blunt tip. Distal lateral tubercles are almost absent. Dorsal coloration silver with black outline, 3 pairs of muscle points, one median dark spot at the anterior edge and 3 symmetrical lateral dark spots.</p><p>Epigyne as in Fig. 8. Scape is wide, long and parallel-sided, wrinkled, with obtuse end. Outer edges of lateral lamellae are evenly rounded, inner edges are closed from base to the middle point, and then diverge in an acute angle. Median plate medium-sized, triangle-shaped with almost straight top edge.</p><p>REMARKS. In the Russian Far East C. ginnaga may be confused with C. atrata and C. hamulata due to similar shape and coloration of abdomen. In C. ginnaga lateral lamellae of epigyne are closed until the middle and then diverge in an acute angle, edge not curved. Median plate is triangle-shaped, epigyne base is wider than high less than twice. Epigynes of C. atrata and C. hamulata differ by the concave median edges of lateral lamellae, pearshaped median plate and by the shape of the epigyne base: it is twice wider than high.</p><p>ECOLOGY. The species is found in mountainous areas in meadows and bushes (Zhu &amp; Zhang, 2011; Kim &amp; Lee, 2012). Stabilimentum of the web is located at the hub and shaped as an uneven white marking, resembling bird droppings in appearance and size. If extrinsic objects do not get into the web, the spider is well protected from bird attacks (Tan et al., 2010).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. Russia: Amurskaya Oblast (Trilikauskas &amp; Sergeev, 2023), Primorsky Krai (new record). – Korea, Japan, Center and East China, Taiwan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/200687A1FFFC6D39FF08FD4BFCE9FA5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tiunov, A. V.;Ustinova, A. L.	Tiunov, A. V., Ustinova, A. L. (2025): NEW RECORDS OF ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS OF THE GENUS CYCLOSA MENGE 1866 (ARANEI: ARANEIDAE) FROM THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST. Far Eastern Entomologist 516: 15-20, DOI: 10.25221/fee.516.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.516.3
200687A1FFFC6D3BFF08FA0FFD95FAF8.text	200687A1FFFC6D3BFF08FA0FFD95FAF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclosa onoi Tanikawa 1992	<div><p>Cyclosa onoi Tanikawa, 1992</p><p>Figs 2, 5, 7, 10</p><p>MATERIAL. Russia: Primorsky Krai, Shkotovsky District, Anisimovka village (= Kangauz railway station), 12.VII 1968, 1♂, leg. F.Z. Popov.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Habitus of our specimen (Fig. 2) well agrees with original description of this species (Tanikawa, 1992b). Palp as in Figs. 5, 10. Median apophysis of male palp (Fig. 7) basally has wing-shaped lamella. Distally median apophysis bent and bifurcated, while teeth are closely spaced or the bifurcation is not clear (Tanikawa, 1992b). Terminal apophysis has wide base and narrow distal part, which form a furrow. Embolus basally wide and slightly narrows along entire length. Embolus has two bends – in the middle and closer to the end. Distal part of conductor is rather wide and round, with narrow notch at the tip.</p><p>REMARKS. Males of C. onoi differ from C. oculata by roundish shape of palpal conductor as well as the shape of median apophysis, smooth and rounded in C. oculata (Figs 6, 11) and more abrupt and angular in C. onoi (Figs 5, 7, 10). Palpal median apophysis of C. onoi basally has only a wing-shaped lamella, whereas C. oculata has a digitiform appendix along with a wing-shaped lamella (Tanikawa, 1992b). During comparison of specimens of these species, we found that this trait cannot be considered as absolutely reliable, because appearance of these structures depends on an observation angle.</p><p>ECOLOGY. Species inhabits mountainous areas (Song et al., 1999). DISTRIBUTION. Russia: Sakhalinskaya Oblast (Vertyankin et al., 2023), Primorsky</p><p>Krai (new record). – East China, Japan (Tanikawa, 1992b; Zhu &amp; Zhang, 2011; Yin et al.,</p><p>2012), Korea (Lee et al., 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/200687A1FFFC6D3BFF08FA0FFD95FAF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tiunov, A. V.;Ustinova, A. L.	Tiunov, A. V., Ustinova, A. L. (2025): NEW RECORDS OF ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS OF THE GENUS CYCLOSA MENGE 1866 (ARANEI: ARANEIDAE) FROM THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST. Far Eastern Entomologist 516: 15-20, DOI: 10.25221/fee.516.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.516.3
200687A1FFFE6D3CFF08FAE8FD1CFDF2.text	200687A1FFFE6D3CFF08FAE8FD1CFDF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclosa sedeculata Karsch 1879	<div><p>Cyclosa sedeculata Karsch, 1879</p><p>Figs 3, 9</p><p>MATERIAL. Russia: Primorsky Krai, Nadezhdinsk District, 5 12 km of Vinevitino railway station, the Malaya El'duga River (М. Ananievka), 8 9.VI 1994, 1♀, leg. V. V. Dubatolov .</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Female habitus (Fig. 3). Coloration of different specimens can vary. Our specimen has a light coloration as in Tanikawa (1992a). Carapace brown, head region arched. Legs in alcohol milk white with narrow dark ring. Abdomen oval with 4 distal humps. 4 dorsal muscle points form a trapezoid. Abdomen coloration light brown with white and brown patches, which fade and lose their shape in alcohol.</p><p>Epigyne as in Fig. 9, oval-shaped, scape short and wide with two rows of small seta at the middle. Lateral lamellae closing together above median plate, which is surrounded by lateral lamellae and has a butterfly shape.</p><p>REMARKS. In Russia this species may be confused with C. monticola and C. oculata by the shape of the abdomen, but females are easily distinguished by a very short and wide scape of epigynum.</p><p>ECOLOGY. Webs with vertical stabilimenta are built on trees in dimly lit places (Baba &amp; Tanikawa, 2015).</p><p>DISTRIBUTION. Russia (new record): Primorsky Krai; Korea, China, Japan (Tanikawa, 1992b; Zhu &amp; Zhang, 2011; Yin et al., 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/200687A1FFFE6D3CFF08FAE8FD1CFDF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tiunov, A. V.;Ustinova, A. L.	Tiunov, A. V., Ustinova, A. L. (2025): NEW RECORDS OF ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS OF THE GENUS CYCLOSA MENGE 1866 (ARANEI: ARANEIDAE) FROM THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST. Far Eastern Entomologist 516: 15-20, DOI: 10.25221/fee.516.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.516.3
