identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CB9FC789CBBCA3192139A87A25A80658.text	CB9FC789CBBCA3192139A87A25A80658.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus turk Puthz 1972	<div><p>Stenus turk Puthz, 1972 Fig. 10, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus turk is recorded from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Turkey, Iran, and Central Asia. Both Iranian representatives of the Stenus cordatus species group, Stenus araxis and Stenus turk, reach their southern distributional limit in Iran and occur sympatrically in the Zagros and Elburz Mountains (Fig. 10). Recent Iranian records of Stenus turk were mostly collected in the Khorasan provinces in the northeast, which concurs with the wide distribution of this species in Central Asia.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) described Stenus turk as Kazakhstan-Turanian species. Judging from its distribution pattern in Central Asia, this species represents the Turkestanian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB9FC789CBBCA3192139A87A25A80658	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
5319BA75B875EBC2C75C40F3F9638AC0.text	5319BA75B875EBC2C75C40F3F9638AC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus crassus Stephens 1833	<div><p>Stenus crassus Stephens, 1833 Fig. 11, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus crassus is widely distributed across the temperate and northern West Palaearctic eastwards to Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 443). The species reaches its southernmost limit of distribution in the very north of western Iran (Fig. 11). In view of this distribution pattern, the record by Ghahari et al. (2009a: 1954) from Kaleybar in East Azarbaijan, which is the first record for Iran, can be correct.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The distribution pattern of Stenus crassus cannot be explained by the theory of Pleistocene refuges.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5319BA75B875EBC2C75C40F3F9638AC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
262492821FB5FD39EC20EB05184AD81B.text	262492821FB5FD39EC20EB05184AD81B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus formicetorum Mannerheim 1843	<div><p>Stenus formicetorum Mannerheim, 1843 Fig. 11, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The Holarctic Stenus formicetorum is widely distributed in the temperate and northern Palaearctic as far east as Russian Far East and as far south as Afghanistan and northwestern Iran (Fig. 11).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The wide distribution in the northern and temperate Palaearctic cannot be attributed to a particular Pleistocene refuge.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/262492821FB5FD39EC20EB05184AD81B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
4B74C032CA42FC843575B0CF8A74C3D5.text	4B74C032CA42FC843575B0CF8A74C3D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus fornicatus Stephens 1833	<div><p>Stenus fornicatus Stephens, 1833 Fig. 11, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Unlike other members of the Stenus fornicatus species group which are endemic to the eastern parts of the Palaearctic, Stenus fornicatus is widely distributed in the West Palaearctic including the Mediterranean and reaches East Siberia. In Iran, the species is hitherto known from the Hyrcanian zone of the northern slopes of the South Caspian mountain ranges only (Fig. 11).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to the wide distribution of this species in the Mediterranean, Puthz (2012a: 288) considered Stenus fornicatus to be a Holomediterranean species. Here we follow this interpretation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B74C032CA42FC843575B0CF8A74C3D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
130803A507791186052FFAAB1B01DD67.text	130803A507791186052FFAAB1B01DD67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus armeniacus Puthz 1967	<div><p>Stenus armeniacus Puthz, 1967 Fig. 12, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus armeniacus was described from Yerevan, Armenia (Puthz 1967: 248), and later recorded from the Kopeh Dag in Turkmenistan and the eastern Zagros Mountains (Arak) in Iran (Puthz 1973: 292). Only recently, Puthz (2012b: 153) published first records of this species from southern Turkey and revealed that the record from Turkmenistan is based on a misidentification. The record from Arak represents the southernmost collection site (Fig. 12). This species is rare and we didn’t succeed in collecting it.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>In view of the widely scattered localities in the Irano-Anatolian highlands we propose an Irano-Anatolian type of distribution for Stenus armeniacus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/130803A507791186052FFAAB1B01DD67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
6CC964FDB83523B5A99156F39FBCA888.text	6CC964FDB83523B5A99156F39FBCA888.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus erythrocnemus Eppelsheim 1884	<div><p>Stenus erythrocnemus Eppelsheim, 1884 Fig. 13, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus erythrocnemus is a Middle Eastern species, which is distributed from Anatolia and Caucasia across the Iranian Plateau eastwards to Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Stenus erythrocnemus has a vast distribution in the mountain ranges of Iran (Fig. 13).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Because the majority of records originated from the highlands of Iran (Assing 2005: 307), we consider Stenus erythrocnemus to be an expansive Iranian faunal element, which dispersed northwestwards to Anatolia and Caucasia and eastwards to Central Asia and the Hindu Kush.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6CC964FDB83523B5A99156F39FBCA888	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
EC9D77121C7E48ABF5D3B5216AD6AF27.text	EC9D77121C7E48ABF5D3B5216AD6AF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus maculiger Weise 1875	<div><p>Stenus maculiger Weise, 1875 Fig. 13, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus maculiger is widely distributed in the Northeast Mediterranean and eastern Europe eastwards to South Russia and Iran. The first records for Iran were published from Ghaemshahr in Mazandaran (Ghahari et al. 2009b: 1964) and Jangal-e Abr in the Semnan Province (Hadian et al. 2011: 4). However, we doubt these records, because we were unable to find this species in the South Caspian mountains. Our collections in Northwest Iran must be regarded as the first confirmed country records (Fig. 13). The locality in the Ardabil Province moreover constitutes the easternmost collecting site of the species.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from the distribution pattern, Stenus maculiger belongs to the expansive Pontomediterranean faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC9D77121C7E48ABF5D3B5216AD6AF27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
601FC2B3B5891D89C5227D285CCCBA1A.text	601FC2B3B5891D89C5227D285CCCBA1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus fuscicornis Erichson 1840	<div><p>Stenus fuscicornis Erichson, 1840 Fig. 14, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus fuscicornis is widely distributed throughout most of Europe and the Mediterranean including the Maghreb countries and Turkey. The first record for Iran was published by Puthz (2012a: 312). In Iran, we discovered the species in a relatively small area in the western Elburz and the Talish Mountains (Fig. 14). Unlike most members of the Stenus hopffgarteni species group which are European endemics, Stenus fuscicornis is the only representative of the species group in the Middle East. In Iran, the species obviously reaches its eastern limit of distribution.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Stenus fuscicornis is a Holomediterranean species according to Puthz (2012a: 312).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/601FC2B3B5891D89C5227D285CCCBA1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
1A10225E57D5B50180BBF14E7C8A874C.text	1A10225E57D5B50180BBF14E7C8A874C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus taurus Serri & Frisch 2013	<div><p>Stenus taurus Serri &amp; Frisch, 2013 Fig. 16, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus taurus was described only recently from westerly facing slopes of mountain ranges close to the Turkish border in West Azarbaijan (Serri and Frisch 2013: 99-103; Fig. 16).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>It is difficult to assign Stenus taurus to a particular distribution type, because its total distribution is still unknown. However, we expect it to be endemic to the Irano-Anatolian highlands.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A10225E57D5B50180BBF14E7C8A874C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
574AAFFEA46902EEB64D8CE91CC650CB.text	574AAFFEA46902EEB64D8CE91CC650CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus darius Puthz 2009	<div><p>Stenus darius Puthz, 2009 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>As far as known presently, Stenus darius is endemic to the northeast-facing freshwater system of the Masuleh Valley in the southern Talish Mountains at about 37°N, 49°E (Fig. 20).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/574AAFFEA46902EEB64D8CE91CC650CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
103884F69321F9B4639B347841B9209C.text	103884F69321F9B4639B347841B9209C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus derwisch Puthz 1981	<div><p>Stenus derwisch Puthz, 1981 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus derwisch is a Hyrcanian endemic, which is comparatively widespread in the South Caspian mountains (Fig. 20). The species is hitherto recorded from the very north of Gilan at 38°13'N, 48°53'E (Astara) eastwards to Central Mazandaran at about 52°20'E (Amol).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/103884F69321F9B4639B347841B9209C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
42180495D2E8A245A24ACF62FC4B5015.text	42180495D2E8A245A24ACF62FC4B5015.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus guilanensis Puthz 1979	<div><p>Stenus guilanensis Puthz, 1979 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus guilanensis was described from Lahijan, Gilan (Puthz 1979: 57). The Hyrcanian endemic is hitherto known only from the type locality in the northwesternmost foothills of the Elburz (Fig. 20).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/42180495D2E8A245A24ACF62FC4B5015	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
0155B596F27E0238ABBED2EB15D7F1F6.text	0155B596F27E0238ABBED2EB15D7F1F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus kambyses Puthz 2009	<div><p>Stenus kambyses Puthz, 2009 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus kambyses is presently known only from the type locality in the southernmost Talish Mountains, Gilan (Fig. 20), and certainly endemic to the Hyrcanian district.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0155B596F27E0238ABBED2EB15D7F1F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
5534F929E3CF54AADFC6B8B532FE8F6A.text	5534F929E3CF54AADFC6B8B532FE8F6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus martensi Puthz 1983	<div><p>Stenus martensi Puthz, 1983 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Including the new records from western Mazandaran, the first after the description, Stenus martensi is endemic to the Hyrcanian forest zone of the Elburz, where it was collected between 50°34'E (Ramsar) and 52°49'E (Alasht) in altitudes up to 1450 m (Fig. 20).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5534F929E3CF54AADFC6B8B532FE8F6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
64746826032CEF13F11EA7B7D7ABDC7D.text	64746826032CEF13F11EA7B7D7ABDC7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus ressli Puthz 1979	<div><p>Stenus ressli Puthz, 1979 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus ressli was described from the northern foothills of the Elburz in the Caspian plain south and east of Chalus (Puthz 1979: 54). We rediscovered it somewhat further to the west south of Tonekabon. Seemingly, Stenus ressli is endemic to a small area in the Hyrcanian forest belt of western Mazandaran (Fig. 20).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/64746826032CEF13F11EA7B7D7ABDC7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
2BE519DF8216A9DE5726401E1131E6AD.text	2BE519DF8216A9DE5726401E1131E6AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus wittmeri Puthz 1972	<div><p>Stenus wittmeri Puthz, 1972 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus wittmeri, described from Minudasht, Golestan (Puthz 1972a: 123), is the easternmost representative of the Stenus ochropus - ludyi - coarcticollis species group in Iran. The species is endemic to the Hyrcanian forest belt of the eastern Elburz (Fig. 20).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2BE519DF8216A9DE5726401E1131E6AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
F9574B06D40059093F520517FA787CDC.text	F9574B06D40059093F520517FA787CDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus arabicus Saulcy 1864	<div><p>Stenus arabicus Saulcy, 1864 Fig. 21, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The Middle Eastern Stenus arabicus is recorded from Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and Iran as far north as Armenia. The record from China in Smetana (2004: 552), which was repeated by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 805), is a lapsus (V. Puthz, pers. comm.). We collected the species in two widely separate localities in the Zagros Mountains (Fig. 21).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its arched distribution in arboreal regions around northern Mesopotamia, Stenus arabicus can be considered as a Syrian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9574B06D40059093F520517FA787CDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
F290B9977F49A4D28DDC43C3BB282F83.text	F290B9977F49A4D28DDC43C3BB282F83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus ganglbaueri Bernhauer 1905	<div><p>Stenus ganglbaueri Bernhauer, 1905 Fig. 22, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus ganglbaueri is distributed from Italy and the Balkans across Ukraine, Anatolia, the Levant, Syria, Caucasia, and Iran eastwards to Turkmenistan. The species is widespread in northern Iran as far east as the Binalud Mountains (Fig. 22), but a find in Kerman Province, which considerably extends the known range of Stenus ganglbaueri to the south, suggests a much wider distribution in the western Iranian Plateau.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its distribution in the southeastern Mediterranean, we consider Stenus ganglbaueri to be a Pontomediterranean faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F290B9977F49A4D28DDC43C3BB282F83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
0B4BC25BF8826F4731A68E5AAA0B6F17.text	0B4BC25BF8826F4731A68E5AAA0B6F17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus butrintensis Smetana 1959	<div><p>Stenus butrintensis Smetana, 1959 Fig. 21, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The West Palaearctic Stenus butrintensis was previously known from western Europe as far east as Turkey. The record for Spain in Smetana (2004: 552), adopted by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 810), is a lapsus (Puthz 2012a: 310). The first record of Stenus butrintensis for Iran in the Central Zagros considerably extends the known limit of distribution to the southeast (Fig. 21).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its wide distribution in the northeastern Mediterranean, we adopt Puthz’ (2012a: 310) classification as a Pontomediterranean species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B4BC25BF8826F4731A68E5AAA0B6F17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
EA692BCB51030225036EA27C6E7F08D7.text	EA692BCB51030225036EA27C6E7F08D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus picipes Stephens 1833	<div><p>Stenus picipes Stephens, 1833 Fig. 22, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus picipes is widespread in the temperate West Palaearctic as far east as western Russia, Anatolia, the Levant (Lebanon, Jordan, Syria), and Iran. The records from the northwestern Zagros Mountains (Puthz 2010: 61), the first for Iran, mark the southeastern distributional limit of this species (Fig. 22). The specimens from Iran belong to the type form Stenus picipes picipes, which differs from Stenus picipes brevipennis Thomson, 1851 by broader elytra with well developed humeral angels. These sympatrical morphs are formally treated as subspecies in recent catalogues (Schülke and Smetana 2015: 835, 836) and key books (Puthz 2012a: 309).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The wide area of distribution of Stenus picipes can not be attributed to particular Pleistocene refugia of the arboreal, which is why no biogeographical assigning is possible for this West Palaearctic species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA692BCB51030225036EA27C6E7F08D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
5E44D17B2BA6749FF478C4DD8C4B4640.text	5E44D17B2BA6749FF478C4DD8C4B4640.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus lenkoranus Puthz 1970	<div><p>Stenus lenkoranus Puthz, 1970 Fig. 23, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus lenkoranus was described as a subspecies of Stenus nanus Stephens, 1833 (Puthz 1970b: 211), but later raised to species rank (Ryvkin 1990: 158). The species is hitherto known from Azerbaijan and Iran only. The first records for Iran originate from the South Caspian mountains, Mt Sabalan in West Azarbaijan, and the northwestern Zagros in Ilam (Fig. 23).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>We propose an expansive Caspian distribution for Stenus lenkoranus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E44D17B2BA6749FF478C4DD8C4B4640	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
6524B97DC976BB3941BA47B2D0B081D0.text	6524B97DC976BB3941BA47B2D0B081D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus machulkai Hromadka 1977	<div><p>Stenus machulkai Hromadka, 1977 Fig. 23, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus machulkai, described from the Araxes Valley (Hromadka 1977: 4), is known from Caucasia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia), Lebanon, Turkey, and Iran. The species is widely distributed in the northwest of the country, the northern and central Zagros, and the South Caspian mountains, where it is recorded as far east as 55°46'E (Fig. 23).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from its existence in the northeastern Mediterranean, Stenus machulkai can be attributed to the Pontomediterranean type of distribution.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6524B97DC976BB3941BA47B2D0B081D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
D391BE8FE0C026327AA41D77A2B4BCCB.text	D391BE8FE0C026327AA41D77A2B4BCCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus binotatus Ljungh 1804	<div><p>Stenus binotatus Ljungh, 1804</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>West Azarbaijan: Mahabad, 9.2003 (Ghahari et al. 2009a: 3). Semnan: Jangal-e Abr, 4.-5.2011 (Hadian et al. 2011: 3).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stenus binotatus is widely distributed across the Palaearctic from the British Isles to East Siberia. According to Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 440), the record for Kazakhstan in Smetana (2004: 552), which was not repeated by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 808), is based on a misidentification. In view of the distribution in Caucasia and Turkey, the existence of Stenus binotatus in Iran is conceivable.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D391BE8FE0C026327AA41D77A2B4BCCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
3A0586C3354AD271817862DC1A1BC76C.text	3A0586C3354AD271817862DC1A1BC76C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus claritarsis Puthz 1971	<div><p>Stenus claritarsis Puthz, 1971 Fig. 21, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Described from Lenkoran, Azerbaijan (Puthz 1971: 100), Stenus claritarsis is distributed from eastern Europe (Austria, northern Balkans, Ukraine, South Russia) across Caucasia and Iran eastwards to Central Asia. In Iran, the species is widespread in the South Caspian mountains, where we collected it as far east as 51°29'E in western Mazandaran and in the Zagros Mountains southwards to 28°45'N in southeastern Fars. It was also found in the plain of Khuzestan (Fig. 21).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Puthz (2012a: 312) proposed a Ponto-Mediterranean distribution for Stenus claritarsis, which is unlikely in view of the lack of records in all of the eastern Mediterranean. The distribution across Transcausasia and the South Caspian mountains points to an expansive Caspian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A0586C3354AD271817862DC1A1BC76C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
DDAEA5C2688BF2AFD8F36DCB09B7EE79.text	DDAEA5C2688BF2AFD8F36DCB09B7EE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus circularis Gravenhorst 1802	<div><p>Stenus circularis Gravenhorst, 1802</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Golestan: Kordkoy, 6.2005 (Ghahari et al. 2009b: 1964). Semnan: Shahrud, 4.2009 (Hadian et al. 2011: 4).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stenus circularis is widely distributed throughout Europe and western Asia as far east as Turkey, Caucasia, West Siberia, and Central Asia. In view of this West Palaearctic distribution pattern the above records could be correct.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDAEA5C2688BF2AFD8F36DCB09B7EE79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
A655893FD28B2155D369002A8AB402E0.text	A655893FD28B2155D369002A8AB402E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus cordatoides Puthz 1972	<div><p>Stenus cordatoides Puthz, 1972</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Samin et al. (2011b: 141) erroneously misinterpreted Puthz (1972a: 125, 1972b: 280), who mentioned " Stenus cordatoides variant A" from Esfahan Province, which the same author later described as Stenus turk (Puthz 1972: 178). Therefore the Pontomediterranean Stenus cordatoides, which is distributed in the Balkans, Turkey, and the Levant, does not belong to the Iranian fauna. Schülke and Smetana (2015: 813) do not cite the species for Iran.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A655893FD28B2155D369002A8AB402E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
C6C1BE45F9958A2B54B14A85164595E7.text	C6C1BE45F9958A2B54B14A85164595E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus cyaneus Baudi di Selve 1848	<div><p>Stenus cyaneus Baudi di Selve, 1848</p> <p>Record.</p> <p>East Azarbaijan: Arasbaran (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stenus cyaneus is distributed in Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Turkey. Sakenin et al. (2008) recorded the species for Iran as Stenus glacialis cyaneus, because until recently it was considered as a subspecies of the Central and Southeast European Stenus glacialis Heer, 1839. The existence of Stenus cyaneus in Iran is conceivable.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6C1BE45F9958A2B54B14A85164595E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
F54E03E1DCCA571E47E8635524233196.text	F54E03E1DCCA571E47E8635524233196.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus aereus Solsky 1871	<div><p>Stenus aereus Solsky, 1871 Fig. 9, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus aereus is distributed in Caucasia, the Middle East, Central Asia, and West Siberia. In Iran, it apparently is a rare species, which we did not succeed to collect. The record from West Azarbaijan published by Samin et al. (2011b: 140) is plausible in view of the record from East Azarbaijan (Fig. 9), but needs confirmation.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) term Stenus aereus a Kazakhstan-Turanian species. According to the hypothesis of Pleistocene refuges, we consider it to be an expansive Turkestanian faunal element, which dispersed towards the Mediterranean.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F54E03E1DCCA571E47E8635524233196	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
F6AF7E9EB6400B76B735D2B192CF73BD.text	F6AF7E9EB6400B76B735D2B192CF73BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus paludicola Kiesenwetter 1858	<div><p>Stenus paludicola Kiesenwetter, 1858</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Ardabil: Ardabil, 6.2004 (Ghahari et al. 2009a: 1954). Semnan: Shahrud, 11.2010 (Hadian et al. 2011: 4).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The area of distribution of the Pontomediterranean Stenus paludicola stretches over the Balkans, Anatolia, and the Levant. The existence in northwestern Iran is imaginable.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6AF7E9EB6400B76B735D2B192CF73BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
924A489BE1E960A4EA64D9E2277E3C05.text	924A489BE1E960A4EA64D9E2277E3C05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus pallitarsis Stephens 1833	<div><p>Stenus pallitarsis Stephens, 1833</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Gilan: Rasht (Jarrige 1971: 498; cited by Samin et al. 2011b: 142).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The area of distribution of Stenus pallitarsis stretches over the arboreal Palaearctic eastwards to East Siberia and China. In view of the distribution in Caucasia, Turkey, and Central Asia, the existence in Iran is conceivable.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/924A489BE1E960A4EA64D9E2277E3C05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
F9671CE90170F8D1C96C81D2B934445B.text	F9671CE90170F8D1C96C81D2B934445B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus picipennis Erichson 1840	<div><p>Stenus picipennis Erichson, 1840</p> <p>Record.</p> <p>Iran (Schülke and Smetana 2015: 835).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stenus picipennis is widely distributed in Europe and the Mediterranean, but unknown from Turkey, the Levant, and Caucasia. In view of this distribution pattern the record for Iran in the current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera far east of the area of distribution of Stenus picipennis appears doubtful. The underlying reference for this country record, which was not yet cited in the first edition of the catalogue (Smetana 2004: 552), is unknown to us.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9671CE90170F8D1C96C81D2B934445B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
147B38A8837C7E279E20B0F68C245C91.text	147B38A8837C7E279E20B0F68C245C91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus pseudofossulatus Scheerpeltz 1960	<div><p>Stenus pseudofossulatus Scheerpeltz, 1960</p> <p>Record.</p> <p>East Azarbaijan: Arasbaran (Sakenin et al. 2008).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>This species was described from Afghanistan (Scheerpeltz 1960: 74) and since then never recorded again. Its existence in East Azarbaijan is doubtful.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/147B38A8837C7E279E20B0F68C245C91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
530C0A57FE8FF7AA02DE5ACC24FD7137.text	530C0A57FE8FF7AA02DE5ACC24FD7137.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus bicornis Puthz 1972	<div><p>Stenus bicornis Puthz, 1972 Fig. 9, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Described from Macedonia and Turkey (Puthz 1972c: 170), Stenus bicornis is distributed in the Balkans and Anatolia. The recent records in the very northwest of Iran (Fig. 9) are the first for the Iranian fauna and represent the easternmost known localities of this species.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its distribution in the northeastern Mediterranean, Stenus bicornis can be regarded as a Pontomediterranean species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/530C0A57FE8FF7AA02DE5ACC24FD7137	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
14972226F8CB51501B7A4BC7A8A9CCB2.text	14972226F8CB51501B7A4BC7A8A9CCB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus biguttatus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Stenus biguttatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Fig. 9, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus biguttatus is widely distributed across the northern Palaearctic eastwards to Russian Far East and Japan (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 440). In Iran, the species seems to be rare and restricted to the northwest, where we collected it just once (Fig. 9). The dubious records from Rasht and Fouman published by Samin et al. (2011a: 2, 2011c: 1238) were not adopted by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 808).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The enormous area of distribution of Stenus biguttatus cannot be attributed to a particular Pleistocene refuge and distribution type, respectively.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14972226F8CB51501B7A4BC7A8A9CCB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
590B98815BB20D0E9EA0C3C86E3005A7.text	590B98815BB20D0E9EA0C3C86E3005A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus pusillus Stephens 1833	<div><p>Stenus pusillus Stephens, 1833</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Esfahan: Lenjan, 8.2000 (Ghahari et al. 2009b: 1964). Semnan: Garmsar, 3.2011 (Hadian et al. 2011: 4).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stenus pusillus is widely distributed across Europe and the arboreal North Africa (Morocco). As the species was never recorded for western Asia and the Middle East, respectively, the presence in Iran is implausible.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/590B98815BB20D0E9EA0C3C86E3005A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
E53DC65D139897F6E75807150EA73A09.text	E53DC65D139897F6E75807150EA73A09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus solutus Erichson 1840	<div><p>Stenus solutus Erichson, 1840</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Fars: Kazerun, 10.2002 (Samin et al. 2011a: 3); Shiraz, 5.2008 (Samin et al. 2011c: 1238).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The area of distribution of the West Palaearctic Stenus solutus stretches from the British Isles as far east as Anatolia and Azerbaijan. Its existence in South Iran is doubtful.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E53DC65D139897F6E75807150EA73A09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
3AD7913803F26BAAC176FCADF68A8210.text	3AD7913803F26BAAC176FCADF68A8210.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus umbricus Baudi di Selve 1870	<div><p>Stenus umbricus Baudi di Selve, 1870</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Khuzestan: Ahvaz, 4.2007 (Samin et al. 2011c: 1238); Dezful, 5.2003 (Samin et al. 2011a: 3).</p> <p>Remarks: In view of the restricted distribution of Stenus umbricus in France (Corse), Switzerland, and Italy, the record from Khuzestan is certainly based on a misidentification and here rejected.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3AD7913803F26BAAC176FCADF68A8210	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
288BCA97F1CA3AA0549A604D74473F0D.text	288BCA97F1CA3AA0549A604D74473F0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus caspius Puthz 1972	<div><p>Stenus caspius Puthz, 1972 Fig. 8, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Described from the Talish Mountains (Puthz 1972d: 127), Stenus caspius has its main distribution in Transcaucasia and the South Caspian mountain ranges from Georgia as far east as the Turkmeno-Khorasanian mountains. It apparently is the most common Stenus in the Hyrcanian zone in the northern slopes of the Talish and Elburz Mountains, but it was also found outside of this biogeographical unit in West Azarbaijan, the northern Zagros Mountains, and south of the Elburz (Fig. 8).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from this distribution pattern, Stenus caspius is a typical expansive Caspian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/288BCA97F1CA3AA0549A604D74473F0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
F91DB6393701DFC8828BB4852D9473EB.text	F91DB6393701DFC8828BB4852D9473EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus affaber Baudi di Selve 1848	<div><p>Stenus affaber Baudi di Selve, 1848 Fig. 3, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus affaber is previously published for Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iran, and Kazakhstan. It is collected in the eastern Zagros Mountains, northern Fars (Fig. 3). The record from Kazakhstan is, however, dubious, because it is based on a female only identified as Stenus cf. affaber (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 439). The lack of records between Southwest Iran and Kazakhstan moreover does not support a Central Asian distribution.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) consider Stenus affaber to be a species of Mediterranean origin. Judging from the distribution west (Levant), north (Anatolia), and east (Zagros Mountains) of the Mesopotamian plain, however, we assign this rarely collected species to the Syrian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F91DB6393701DFC8828BB4852D9473EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
9BA82320FD58017151DD92AB6E216398.text	9BA82320FD58017151DD92AB6E216398.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus alienigenus Puthz 1964	<div><p>Stenus alienigenus Puthz, 1964 Fig. 19, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Described as a subspecies of Stenus mendicus from Israel (Puthz 1964: 229), Stenus alienigenus is distributed in the Levant (Lebanon, Israel and Syria) and Iran, where it seems to be restricted to the northern Zagros Mountains (Fig. 19).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its distribution in the arboreal regions west and east of the Mesopotamian plain, we consider Stenus alienigenus as a Syrian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BA82320FD58017151DD92AB6E216398	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
6B981B78874210F438A705603E01DD76.text	6B981B78874210F438A705603E01DD76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus ochropus Kiesenwetter 1858	<div><p>Stenus ochropus Kiesenwetter, 1858 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus ochropus is the most widespread member of the ochropus - ludyi - coarcticollis species group. The West Palaearctic species is distributed from Europe, except for the Iberian Peninsula, as far east as Central Asia including Anatolia, the Levant, Caucasia, and Iran, where it is recorded from the northwest as far east as Tehran and southwards to 29°09'N in Fars (Fig. 20).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from its wide distribution in the northeastern Mediterranean, we follow Puthz (2012a: 313), who classified Stenus ochropus as an expansive Pontomediterranean species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B981B78874210F438A705603E01DD76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
9F2400F6EDA48F03B7B6EF57EE1F80B9.text	9F2400F6EDA48F03B7B6EF57EE1F80B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus similis Herbst 1784	<div><p>Stenus similis Herbst, 1784 Fig. 24, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus similis is widely distributed throughout the West Palaearctic eastwards to Kazakhstan and Mongolia. The species exists in northwestern Iran and was recorded as far south as 30°44'N in the Zagros Mountains (Fig. 24).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from the existence in all of the arboreal Mediterranean, Stenus similis belongs to the Holomediterranean type of distribution.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F2400F6EDA48F03B7B6EF57EE1F80B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
BD0F11A866F6B12FF7B9453766ACF07A.text	BD0F11A866F6B12FF7B9453766ACF07A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus melanopus Marsham 1802	<div><p>Stenus melanopus Marsham, 1802</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Razavi Khorasan: Mashad, 3.2006 (Samin et al. 2011c: 1238). South Khorasan: Birjand, 6.2001 (Samin et al. 2011a: 3).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The Holarctic Stenus melanopus is widely distributed throughout the western Palaearctic eastwards to China. The cited records from Northeast Iran are dubious as well as an old record from "Perse méridionale” (Fauvel 1873: 256), because, except for Turkey, the species is unknown from the Middle East and Central Asia.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD0F11A866F6B12FF7B9453766ACF07A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
3EF67A3A3E1C61619623FE1CBE582395.text	3EF67A3A3E1C61619623FE1CBE582395.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus piscator Saulcy 1864	<div><p>Stenus piscator Saulcy, 1864 Fig. 18, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus piscator is distributed from the eastern Mediterranean (Turkey, Cyprus, Levant) across Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia as far north as Transcaucasia and eastwards to Iran and Turkmenistan. In Iran, the species has a disjunct distribution pattern (Fig. 18) and is recorded for the Talish, the Turkmeno-Khorasanian mountains, the southern Zagros, the plain of Khuzestan, and Kerman. Stenus piscator reaches its easternmost known locality in the Koppeh Dagh at about 58°30'E.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The arched distribution pattern west, north, and east of Mesopotamia characterizes Stenus piscator as an expansive Syrian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EF67A3A3E1C61619623FE1CBE582395	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
C706BA119A90B34B3C4D5327E4A3F181.text	C706BA119A90B34B3C4D5327E4A3F181.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus medus Puthz 1981	<div><p>Stenus medus Puthz, 1981 Fig. 12, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus medus, described from Armenia, Azerbaijan, and northern Iran (Puthz 1981: 702), is widely distributed in Transcaucasia, Turkey, and northern and northwestern Iran between 44°00'E (Orumieh) and 53°00'E (Shahmirzad) (Fig. 12).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its distribution in Transcaucasia and its high abundance in the Hyrcanian zone in the northern slopes of the Elburz Mountains, Stenus medus is a typical expansive Caspian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C706BA119A90B34B3C4D5327E4A3F181	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
CA0A5C2730AE155D70835F94B3214939.text	CA0A5C2730AE155D70835F94B3214939.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus parcior Bernhauer 1929	<div><p>Stenus parcior Bernhauer, 1929 Fig. 12, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Unlike the other representatives of the Stenus glacialis species group in Iran, Stenus parcior is widely distributed throughout the Balkans, Anatolia, Cyprus, Lebanon, and Iran as far east as Uzbekistan. The record from Pol-e Dokhtar in the southwestern Zagros Mountains (Puthz 2008: 171) at less than 1000 m elevation constitutes the easternmost record of this species (Fig. 12).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The distribution of Stenus parcior in the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East corresponds to the expansive Pontomediterranean faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA0A5C2730AE155D70835F94B3214939	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
EF15095785202C3A47AF13381EC8AF4E.text	EF15095785202C3A47AF13381EC8AF4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus schah Puthz 1981	<div><p>Stenus schah Puthz, 1981 Fig. 12, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>As far as known presently, Stenus schah is endemic to Iran. The new records, which are the first after the description, revealed its wider distribution in the Zagros Mountains.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The distribution pattern in both the Zagros and Elburz Mountains (Fig. 12) exactly correspond to the Iranian glacial refuge, which is why Stenus schah is an Iranian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF15095785202C3A47AF13381EC8AF4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
6DC1C8AA5F2B13160A80A4890AFAA394.text	6DC1C8AA5F2B13160A80A4890AFAA394.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus hospes Erichson 1840	<div><p>Stenus hospes Erichson, 1840 Fig. 12, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus hospes is widely distributed in the Mediterranean Region from France and Italy across the Balkans as far east as Anatolia, the Levant, and Caucasia. The recent records from the Zagros Mountains (Fig. 12) constitute the first for the Iranian fauna and considerably extend the known distribution to the southeast.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from its distribution pattern, Stenus hospes can be regarded as a Pontomediterranean species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6DC1C8AA5F2B13160A80A4890AFAA394	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
D4353CC8267B31B6226F1E4E5A41F126.text	D4353CC8267B31B6226F1E4E5A41F126.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus stigmula Erichson 1840	<div><p>Stenus stigmula Erichson, 1840</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>East Azarbaijan: Kaleybar, 8.2006 (Ghahari et al. 2009a: 1954). Semnan: Jangal-e Abr, 4.2011 (Hadian et al. 2011).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>In view of the confirmed distribution of the Pontomediterranean Stenus stigmula in Turkey and Transcaucasia, the records from northwestern Iran are plausible.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4353CC8267B31B6226F1E4E5A41F126	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
C0889C019F40C851D65B58AC58A17DD9.text	C0889C019F40C851D65B58AC58A17DD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus mongolicus Eppelsheim 1889	<div><p>Stenus mongolicus Eppelsheim, 1889 Fig. 3, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus mongolicus is widely distributed in Asia and the Middle East from China, Mongolia, and East Siberia as far south as Indian Kashmir, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran and westwards to Anatolia and Caucasia. In Iran, the species is restricted to the Elburz and Turkmeno-Khorasanian Mountains in the northeast and recorded as far south as 35°42'N in Razavi Khorasan (Fig. 3). Recent records from the lowlands of Ivanaky, Semnan Province (Hadian et al. 2011: 4), and from rice fields and grassland in Lahijan, Gilan (Ghahari et al. 2009c: 661) need confirmation.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) consider Stenus mongolicus as a Kazakhstan-Turanian species. Judging from its Central Asian distribution centre, Stenus mongolicus can be regarded as a Turkestanian faunal element, which expanded westward.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0889C019F40C851D65B58AC58A17DD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
11E4270B82959BC5B294F4DEE7DD0610.text	11E4270B82959BC5B294F4DEE7DD0610.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus cautus Erichson 1839	<div><p>Stenus cautus Erichson, 1839 Fig. 6, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus cautus is widely distributed across the temperate and northern Palaearctic from France to the Russian Far East. The first record for Iran was published by Puthz (2012a: 304). As far as known presently, the species reaches its southern limit of distribution in the northwest of Iran (Fig. 6), where it was found as far south as Chadegan (Esfahan Province).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>No biogeographical assigning is possible for this trans-Palaearctic species.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11E4270B82959BC5B294F4DEE7DD0610	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
8F6F1D94CB9C95CB474CC9CDD43E03CE.text	8F6F1D94CB9C95CB474CC9CDD43E03CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus heinzianus Puthz 1970	<div><p>Stenus heinzianus Puthz, 1970 Fig. 16, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus heinzianus was described from Damash in Gilan, Iran (Puthz 1970a: 223), and subsequently recorded from Azerbaijan and Afghanistan. In Iran, it is abundant in the entire Hyrcanian zone from northern Gilan as far east as Golestan (Fig. 16).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from this distribution pattern, Stenus heinzianus is an expansive Caspian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F6F1D94CB9C95CB474CC9CDD43E03CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
52B6A5C911C92983C30F7289B2C166E0.text	52B6A5C911C92983C30F7289B2C166E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus latifrons Erichson 1839	<div><p>Stenus latifrons Erichson, 1839 Fig. 17, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus latifrons is widely distributed across Europe from the Balkans and Italy northwards to Scandinavia. Towards the east, the species reaches Turkey, Caucasia, and Iran. A recent record from Kazakhstan (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 447) is based on a single female. In Iran, the species is known from the Caspian plain in Gilan (Fig. 17).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) consider Stenus latifrons to be a Mediterranean species. In view of the absence in the western Mediterranean, we follow Puthz (2012a: 287) and attribute the species to the Pontomediterranean type of distribution.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/52B6A5C911C92983C30F7289B2C166E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
A34CBB76A5B7C18B2B4A209E8246A9FF.text	A34CBB76A5B7C18B2B4A209E8246A9FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus incrassatus Erichson 1839	<div><p>Stenus incrassatus Erichson, 1839 Fig. 17, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus incrassatus is widely distributed in the northern and temperate Palaearctic from Ireland to China and Russian Far East. In Iran, we collected Stenus incrassatus only in the Talish Mountains (Fig. 17) from sea level up to 1850 m.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The vast range of the trans-Palaearctic species cannot be attributed to a particular Pleistocene refuge in the West Palaearctic and Middle East, respectively.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A34CBB76A5B7C18B2B4A209E8246A9FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
A13029D016797E53CC7D6F4CB4AE9104.text	A13029D016797E53CC7D6F4CB4AE9104.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus morio Gravenhorst 1806	<div><p>Stenus morio Gravenhorst, 1806 Fig. 17, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus morio is a Holarctic species with a trans-Palaearctic distribution. The first records for Iran (West and East Azarbaijan) were published only recently by Ghahari et al. (2009b: 1964). However, we were not given the opportunity to see the underlying specimens. Like other members of the Stenus melanarius group, Stenus morio seems to be rare in Iran and restricted to the northwest of the country, because we collected it in the northern Zagros (Hamedan Province) only (Fig. 17).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The trans-Palaearctic distribution of Stenus morio can not be explained by particular Pleistocene refuges.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A13029D016797E53CC7D6F4CB4AE9104	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
7E98451F6168C2F95B1F981AEE8AE64D.text	7E98451F6168C2F95B1F981AEE8AE64D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus orientis Puthz 1967	<div><p>Stenus orientis Puthz, 1967 Fig. 19, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus orientis is restricted to the Levant, Iraq, and western Iran, where it is recorded in the South Caspian mountains as far east as about 53°30'E (eastern Mazandaran) and in the Zagros Mountains southwards to 29°24'N (Central Fars) (Fig. 19).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to this arched distribution around the northern Mesopotamian plain, we consider Stenus orientis as a Syrian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E98451F6168C2F95B1F981AEE8AE64D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
A6E325F144340B54D1B6C9968E539CD6.text	A6E325F144340B54D1B6C9968E539CD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus barbarae Hromadka 1979	<div><p>Stenus barbarae Hromadka, 1979 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus barbarae was described from the Talish Mountains in Gilan, Iran (Hromadka 1979: 183). The new record close to the type locality is the first after the description. As far as known presently, Stenus barbarae is endemic to some north-facing valleys in the southern Talish at about 37°N, 49°E (Fig. 20).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6E325F144340B54D1B6C9968E539CD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
47B8C7530EB8CB93DF8258FB5BF37094.text	47B8C7530EB8CB93DF8258FB5BF37094.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus confrater Eppelsheim 1890	<div><p>Stenus confrater Eppelsheim, 1890 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus confrater is endemic to the northern Talish Mountains in Iran and Azerbaijan (Fig. 20). In Gilan, it was collected at an elevation of 30 m only in the foothills of the Talish Mountains. In higher elevations, the species seems to be replaced by its close relatives Stenus barbarae and Stenus darius.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/47B8C7530EB8CB93DF8258FB5BF37094	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
1D21C5E6862E124799935FA3E51BC05A.text	1D21C5E6862E124799935FA3E51BC05A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus aceris Stephens 1833	<div><p>Stenus aceris Stephens, 1833</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>East Azarbaijan: Arasbaran, 8.2005 (Samin et al. 2011a: 2). West Azarbaijan: Maku, 9.2007 (Samin et al. 2011c: 1238).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The distribution of the widespread Holomediterranean Stenus aceris is confirmed as far east as Cyprus, Lebanon, and Turkey. The existence in northwestern Iran is doubtful.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D21C5E6862E124799935FA3E51BC05A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
56C0995C9B9A6B3EF3455BDF9CAB212D.text	56C0995C9B9A6B3EF3455BDF9CAB212D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus subaeneus Erichson 1840	<div><p>Stenus subaeneus Erichson, 1840</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Ardabil: Meshkinshahr, 6.2007 (Samin et al. 2011c: 1238). East Azarbaijan: Arasbaran, 8.2005 (Samin et al. 2011a: 3).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stenus subaeneus is widely distributed throughout the arboreal Mediterranean and Europe as far east as Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. The records from northwestern Iran are questionable.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/56C0995C9B9A6B3EF3455BDF9CAB212D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
3691390E724FA92B93C86B7149D9E463.text	3691390E724FA92B93C86B7149D9E463.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus turbulentus Bondroit 1912	<div><p>Stenus turbulentus Bondroit, 1912</p> <p>Records.</p> <p>Semnan (Sakenin et al. 2010).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Stenus turbulentus has a restricted distribution in Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, and Israel. The existence of this species in North Iran is doubtful.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3691390E724FA92B93C86B7149D9E463	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
10884E421F9988E171F7D6CCB396AC76.text	10884E421F9988E171F7D6CCB396AC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus nodipes Puthz 1972	<div><p>Stenus nodipes Puthz, 1972 Fig. 3, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Described from Bulgaria (Puthz 1972b: 250), Stenus nodipes is common from the Balkans throughout Turkey and Syria eastwards to Armenia and Iran (Puthz 2009: 34). In Iran, the species is known only from a comparatively small area in the northwestern Zagros Mountains between southern West Azarbaijan and northern Ilam (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its distribution in Southeast Europe, Anatolia, and the Caucasus region, we consider Stenus nodipes to be an expansive Pontomediterranean species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/10884E421F9988E171F7D6CCB396AC76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
ACD82A557498536AE95D6BD583DF9B94.text	ACD82A557498536AE95D6BD583DF9B94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus canaliculatus Gyllenhal 1827	<div><p>Stenus canaliculatus Gyllenhal, 1827 Fig. 5, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The Holarctic Stenus canaliculatus is widely distributed across the temperate and northern Palaearctic as far east as Russian Far East and China. In Iran, the species is confined to the temperate north (West Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Mazandaran; Fig. 5). Thus, the record from Fars (Samin et al. 2011a: 2, 2011c: 1238), far south of the confirmed distribution, is implausible.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Stenus canaliculatus, a faunal element of the temperate Holarctic, cannot be assigned to any of de Lattin’s (1951, 1957, 1967) southern Palaearctic glacial refuges.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ACD82A557498536AE95D6BD583DF9B94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
43E0AE37FAEED2F861E7DCF32F50EB47.text	43E0AE37FAEED2F861E7DCF32F50EB47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus ignotus Eppelsheim 1890	<div><p>Stenus ignotus Eppelsheim, 1890 Fig. 19, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus ignotus was described from the Talish Mountains near Lenkoran, Azerbaijan (Eppelsheim 1890: 226). Its area of distribution reaches from Italy and the Balkans over Anatolia, Syria, Iraq, Caucasia, and Iran eastwards to Central Asia. In Iran, Stenus ignotus is distributed in the very northwest, the northern Zagros Mountains, and the South Caspian mountains, where we recorded it as far east as about 53°30'E in eastern Mazandaran (Fig. 19).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from the wide distribution in the northeastern Mediterranean, Stenus ignotus belongs to the Pontomediterranean type of distribution.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/43E0AE37FAEED2F861E7DCF32F50EB47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
07E4B04721356620DCEEE05EEAC386BF.text	07E4B04721356620DCEEE05EEAC386BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus ater Mannerheim 1830	<div><p>Stenus ater Mannerheim, 1830 Fig. 3, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus ater is widespread in the West Palaearctic and recorded as far east as European Russia, Azerbaijan, and North Iran, where it reaches its eastern limit of distribution in the Turkmeno-Khorasanian Mountains at about 58°06'E (Fig. 3). Records from Kazakhstan (Smetana 2004: 554), which were adopted by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 806), mainly refer to other species and are not reliable (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 454). In Iran, Stenus ater is the most widespread member of the Stenus ater group. Towards the east, it is replaced by its close relative Stenus mongolicus. The two species occur sympatrically in the eastern Elburz and the Turkmeno-Khorasanian Mountains (Fig. 3). Ghahari et al. (2009b: 1964) recently published Stenus ater for Behshahr, Mazandaran, a record which is in accord with the distribution pattern of the species.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from the vast distribution in the Mediterranean, we consider Stenus ater to be an expansive Holomediterranean faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07E4B04721356620DCEEE05EEAC386BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
888E15B161F5F12EAAA3C847B5BDD48D.text	888E15B161F5F12EAAA3C847B5BDD48D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus skoraszewskyi Korge 1971	<div><p>Stenus skoraszewskyi Korge, 1971 Fig. 3, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus skoraszewskyi was described from Kars, northeastern Turkey (Korge 1971: 21), and also recorded for Armenia and Iran, where it was found in the very northwest of West Azarbaijan and in the Central Elburz near Tehran, the southeasternmost record of the rare species at about 36°N 51°E (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>These few, scattered localities in the Irano-Anatolian highlands and the Elburz do not sufficiently describe the distribution pattern of Stenus skoraszewskyi, which is why we preliminarily term it as an Irano-Anatolian species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/888E15B161F5F12EAAA3C847B5BDD48D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
FDBCA4903A93B3165D7CF80D1F9C3F75.text	FDBCA4903A93B3165D7CF80D1F9C3F75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus asiaticus Bernhauer 1940	<div><p>Stenus asiaticus Bernhauer, 1940 Fig. 9, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The Middle Eastern Stenus asiaticus is recorded for Georgia, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, and Turkmenistan. In Iran, it is the most widespread member of the Stenus comma species group and distributed in the South Caspian mountains and the northern Zagros Mountains (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>It is difficult, to assign Stenus asiaticus to a particular distribution type judging from the total distribution. In view of the high abundance of records in the Hyrcanian zone in the northern slopes of the Elburz Mountains and the distribution in Transcaucasia, the regions which constitute the Caspian refuge, we consider Stenus asiaticus to be an expansive Caspian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDBCA4903A93B3165D7CF80D1F9C3F75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
FA88255A871A9FDA335D01DDB5B6F333.text	FA88255A871A9FDA335D01DDB5B6F333.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus araxis Ryvkin 1990	<div><p>Stenus araxis Ryvkin, 1990 Fig. 10, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus araxis was described from Armenia (Ryvkin 1990: 213) and already recorded for Iran (Schülke and Smetana 2015: 805), where it is distributed from the northwest throughout the Iranian highlands as far east as 53°13'E in North Khorasan and as far south as 29°06'N in Central Fars (Fig. 10). Particularly in the Zagros Mountain, we usually collected Stenus araxis in high abundance.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The distribution pattern of Stenus araxis definitely matches the Iranian glacial refuge.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA88255A871A9FDA335D01DDB5B6F333	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
D2CC1AB9DA70B3A3F9607FA4DBF9268B.text	D2CC1AB9DA70B3A3F9607FA4DBF9268B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus limicola Korge 1967	<div><p>Stenus limicola Korge, 1967 Fig. 12, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Described from the Erzincan Province in the east of Turkey (Korge 1967: 251), Stenus limicola was later recorded for Iran (Smetana 2004: 544) and the north of Iraq (Puthz 2010: 61). We collected Stenus limicola in the Zagros Mountains and Kerman (Fig. 12). The gap of records between eastern Turkey (Tunceli Province; Anlaş 2009: 280) and the Central Zagros Mountains most probably is a collecting artifact.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Owing to the sparse records of Stenus limicola, it is not possible to explain its Irano-Anatolian distribution pattern with de Lattin’s hypothesis.</p> <p>Bionomics.</p> <p>Because descriptions of many species of the Stenus glacialis group were based on single specimens and the species never collected again, Assing (2003:711) assumed they inhabit unknown subterranean habitats and are found only by chance. Stenus limicola seems to be restricted to high elevations. In Iran, we collected it between 2860 and 3000 m.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2CC1AB9DA70B3A3F9607FA4DBF9268B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
49782ADBBA9B469ED7A6B74E3626948B.text	49782ADBBA9B469ED7A6B74E3626948B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus persicus Puthz 1981	<div><p>Stenus persicus Puthz, 1981 Fig. 12, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus persicus seems to be endemic to Azerbaijan and western Iran (Fig. 12). Besides a find in the Ardabil Province, we repeatedly collected it in the Zagros Mountains from Kordestan southwards to northern Fars, usually in higher elevations and sympatrically with relatives of the Stenus glacialis species group such as Stenus hospes and Stenus schah.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from the distribution pattern in the Zagros Mountains and Northwest Iran (Ardabil Province), Stenus persicus can be regarded as an Iranian faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/49782ADBBA9B469ED7A6B74E3626948B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
AC3FEDD448E6B61A6189606A36E8D9E7.text	AC3FEDD448E6B61A6189606A36E8D9E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus callidus Baudi di Selve 1848	<div><p>Stenus callidus Baudi di Selve, 1848 Fig. 15, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus callidus exists in the Balkans, Caucasia, and the Middle East. According to Puthz (2008: 157), the record for Kyrgyzstan in Smetana (2004: 555), which was adopted by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 810), is based on a misidentification and probably refers to Stenus cephallenicus. Stenus callidus is the second widespread species of the genus (Fig. 15) in Iran. It was recorded in all of the northwest, in the northern Qohrud Range, and in the Elburz as far east as 53°38'E in eastern Mazandaran. Most frequently, however, it was collected in the Zagros Mountains. The records from southeastern Iran at about 56°E in the provinces of Hormozgan and Kerman considerably extend the range of this species towards east.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its vast distribution in the eastern Mediterranean, Anatolia (Puthz 2008: 153), and Iran, Stenus callidus can be considered as an expansive Pontomediterranean species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC3FEDD448E6B61A6189606A36E8D9E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
CF2552C727E56D8C6172DE0756F5BCA8.text	CF2552C727E56D8C6172DE0756F5BCA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus peripherus Korge 1971	<div><p>Stenus peripherus Korge, 1971 Fig. 17, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus peripherus was described as a subspecies of Stenus melanarius from Turkey (Korge 1971: 24), but only recently raised to species rank by Puthz (2008: 149). The species is distributed in eastern Turkey, Armenia, and Iran, where it reaches its southernmost known limit of distribution in the southern Talish at 36°54'N, 49°59'E (Fig. 17).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The few localities hitherto known suggest an expanded Caspian distribution for Stenus peripherus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF2552C727E56D8C6172DE0756F5BCA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
7D7BD2D9368A35B9BDACE62E2989A7D1.text	7D7BD2D9368A35B9BDACE62E2989A7D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus atratulus Erichson 1839	<div><p>Stenus atratulus Erichson, 1839 Fig. 18, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The West Palaearctic Stenus atratulus is widely distributed throughout Europe, the Mediterranean including the Maghreb countries Algeria and Tunesia, and Turkey eastwards to Iran, where it is most abundant in the northwest (Fig. 18), from where it dispersed across the South Caspian mountains as far east as the Koppeh Dag at about 58°E in North Khorasan, the easternmost confirmed locality of the species. Interestingly, Stenus atratulus was not found in the Zagros Mountains south of Hamedan Province, but it occurs in the dryer Qohrud Range, where we recorded it at Shir Kuh and in the mountains of Kerman (Fig. 18).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its Mediterranean distribution centre, we classify Stenus atratulus as a Holomediterranean species following Puthz (2012a: 78).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D7BD2D9368A35B9BDACE62E2989A7D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
2C1097ED043C78A3A3FB1BE04B2E4BD8.text	2C1097ED043C78A3A3FB1BE04B2E4BD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus pieperi Puthz 1983	<div><p>Stenus pieperi Puthz, 1983 Fig. 20, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus pieperi was described from Alamdeh, West Mazandaran (Puthz 1983: 353). Our recent records further east, which are the first after the description, indicate that the species is endemic to the Hyrcanian forest zone of the Elburz Mountains from about 50°30'E eastwards to about 53°10'E (Fig. 20)</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C1097ED043C78A3A3FB1BE04B2E4BD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
AE7949F1D00052FA9381988D09169767.text	AE7949F1D00052FA9381988D09169767.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus viti Puthz 1977	<div><p>Stenus viti Puthz, 1977 Fig. 23, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus viti, endemic to the northern slopes of the South Caspian mountains and presently known from Iran only, is recorded from northern Gilan at 48°49'E (Astara) throughout Mazandaran eastwards to Golestan at 55°14'E (Ramian) (Fig. 23).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>This species is a Hyrcanian faunal element sensu De Lattin (1951: 208-210, 1957: 388, 1967: 322).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE7949F1D00052FA9381988D09169767	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
803E14C177EF38C479370F0F7566FC7A.text	803E14C177EF38C479370F0F7566FC7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus bernhauerianus Jakobson 1909	<div><p>Stenus bernhauerianus Jakobson, 1909 Fig. 24, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Described from Aulie Ata (Taraz) in southern Kazakhstan, the Central Asian Stenus bernhauerianus was also recorded from Kyrgyzstan and the Koppeh-Dagh (Fig. 24) in the northeast of Iran (Puthz 2010: 60).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to its distribution pattern, this rare species can be regarded as a Turkestanian faunal element.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/803E14C177EF38C479370F0F7566FC7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
E3CBC7CC9F1FEC42F003AAFCD14AFC33.text	E3CBC7CC9F1FEC42F003AAFCD14AFC33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus cicindeloides Schaller 1783	<div><p>Stenus cicindeloides Schaller, 1783 Fig. 24, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The Euro-Siberian Stenus cicindeloides has a trans-Palaearctic distribution from the British Isles east to Japan. The species is here for the first time reported for Iran from Ardabil and Mazandaran in the northwest of the country (Fig. 24).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>It is not possiblt to assign the distribution pattern of Stenus cicindeloides to any of de Lattin’s (1951, 1957, 1967) southern Palaearctic glacial refuges.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3CBC7CC9F1FEC42F003AAFCD14AFC33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
4D81FD049E94B094F283C95218114EE4.text	4D81FD049E94B094F283C95218114EE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus proprius L. Benick 1921	<div><p>Stenus proprius L. Benick, 1921 Fig. 2, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus proprius is recorded from Greece (Schülke and Smetana 2015: 837), northeastern Iran (Puthz 2003: 93), and Central Asia (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 450). A second Iranian locality was recently discovered in the northwestern Zagros Mountains (Kordestan). Judging from the findings in the very northwest and northeast of Iran (Fig. 2), Stenus proprius is most probably distributed across the north of the country.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Although the species was found in Greece and is expected to occur in Anatolia, its main distribution in Central Asia concurs with the Turkestanian glacial refuge. Thus, Stenus proprius can be regarded as an expansive Turkestanian faunal element. Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) described this species as Kazakhstan-Turanian. Hitherto, Stenus proprius is the only representative of the Stenus alpicola species group in Iran.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D81FD049E94B094F283C95218114EE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
03864C70ED585D458D8D4ECB17274D5F.text	03864C70ED585D458D8D4ECB17274D5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dianous coerulescens subsp. korgei Puthz 2002	<div><p>Dianous coerulescens korgei Puthz, 2002 Fig. 2, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Dianous coerulescens, widely distributed in the temperate West Palaearctic, is recorded as far east as Kazakhstan (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 438) and western Siberia (Schülke and Smetana 2015: 799). Judging from the distribution in the Caucasus and Turkey (Schülke and Smetana 2015: 799), the occurrence in northern Iran was expected. One male of Dianous coerulescens, which was collected in moss at a small waterfall in the northern slope of Mount Sabalan, represents the first record of both the genus and the species in Iran (Fig. 2). This southernmost finding of the polytypical species at 38°19'N belongs to Dianous coerulescens korgei Puthz, 2002, which was hitherto known only from the type locality near Trabzon, Northeast Turkey.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Dianous coerulescens cannot be assigned to any of de Lattin’s (1951, 1957, 1967) southern Palaearctic glacial refuges.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03864C70ED585D458D8D4ECB17274D5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
FA8A9A51E6D7B2BE21946CDB35168212.text	FA8A9A51E6D7B2BE21946CDB35168212.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus hypoproditor Puthz 1965	<div><p>Stenus hypoproditor Puthz, 1965 Fig. 3, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus hypoproditor is distributed from the northeastern Mediterranean, Southeast Europe, Turkey, and Iran as far east as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. In Iran, it is known from the northwest (Fig. 3) only. The find in the northwestern Zagros Mountains at about 36°59'N constitutes the southernmost record of this species. Further to the south, Stenus hypoproditor is replaced by the allopatric relative Stenus nodipes.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) consider Stenus hypoproditor to be a Mediterranean species. According to the Pleistocene refuge theory, it can be regarded as an expansive Pontomediterranean faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA8A9A51E6D7B2BE21946CDB35168212	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
6FAD20C85ECD5713A923B4B2F9C9402F.text	6FAD20C85ECD5713A923B4B2F9C9402F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus intricatus subsp. zoufali Fleischer 1909	<div><p>Stenus intricatus zoufali Fleischer, 1909 Fig. 3, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>Stenus intricatus zoufali is distributed from southeastern Central Europe and the Balkans across Anatolia, Transcaucasia, and Iran as far east as Central Asia and Afghanistan (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 445). In Iran, the species is distributed in the north, but the record in the southeast at about 30°17'N (Kerman), the southernmost collecting site of the Stenus ater group, suggests the distribution in most of the country (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) describe Stenus intricatus zoufali as a Mediterranean species. Judging from the distribution in the southeastern Mediterranean, we consider it to be an expansive Pontomediterranean faunal element.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6FAD20C85ECD5713A923B4B2F9C9402F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
6D6BA2673DC55B6F8E6205ABD34BB742.text	6D6BA2673DC55B6F8E6205ABD34BB742.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus brunnipes subsp. brunnipes brunnipes Stephens 1833	<div><p>Stenus brunnipes brunnipes Stephens, 1833 Fig. 4, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The nominotypical subspecies of Stenus brunnipes is widely distributed in the West Palaearctic eastwards to Iran and Turkmenistan. In Iran, the subspecies seems to be restricted to the northern mountain ranges, where it was found in the eastern Elburz and the Turkmeno-Khorasanian mountains (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Puthz (2012a: 288) considers Stenus brunnipes brunnipes to be Holomediterranean and we follow this hypothesis.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D6BA2673DC55B6F8E6205ABD34BB742	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
311E5C13CDD355D58829A8D04EE2787A.text	311E5C13CDD355D58829A8D04EE2787A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus planifrons subsp. robustus L. Benick 1914	<div><p>Stenus planifrons robustus L. Benick, 1914 Fig. 7, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The distribution of the polytypical Stenus planifrons reaches from Germany and Switzerland over the Balkans, Anatolia, the Levant, and the Ukraine eastwards to South Russia, Caucasia, Iran, and Turkmenistan. In Iran, the species is represented by the southeastern subspecies Stenus planifrons robustus, which is distributed in Cyprus, Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Anatolia, Iraq, and northern Iran as far east as Turkmenistan.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Due to this arched areal north, west, and east of the Mesopotamian plain, the evolutionary origin of the subspecies goes back to the Syrian Pleistocene refuge. In Iran, Stenus planifrons robustus reaches its southern and eastern distribution limit in the southern Zagros Mountains (29°40'N) and the Turkmeno-Khorasanian mountain ranges (59°54'E) (Fig. 7).</p> <p>Bionomics.</p> <p>This cold resistant taxon was found in altitudes up to 3250 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/311E5C13CDD355D58829A8D04EE2787A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
F8D443903FE05FC38BF4584090267648.text	F8D443903FE05FC38BF4584090267648.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus providus subsp. providus providus Erichson 1839	<div><p>Stenus providus providus Erichson, 1839 Fig. 8, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The nominotypical subspecies of Stenus providus is widespread in the West Palaearctic as far east as Kazakhstan (Kastcheev and Puthz 2011: 450). The first record for Iran in this work is missing in the current Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Schülke and Smetana 2015: 837). In Iran, Stenus providus providus is distributed in the South Caspian mountains and the very north of the Zagros Mountains (Fig. 8). In the Hyrcanian zone, the species is replaced by its close, allopatric relative Stenus caspius, but in high elevations of the northern slopes of the Elburz Mountains there is a narrow zone of sympatry.</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>Judging from the distribution in all of the arboreal Mediterranean, Stenus providus is to be attributed to the Holomediterranean distribution type. Kastcheev and Puthz (2011: 454) already described it as a Mediterranean species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8D443903FE05FC38BF4584090267648	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
830A76A3E7B25F1891D7EB0435CC8188.text	830A76A3E7B25F1891D7EB0435CC8188.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus comma subsp. comma comma Le Conte 1863	<div><p>Stenus comma comma Le Conte, 1863 Fig. 9, Suppl. material 1</p> <p>Chorology.</p> <p>The Holarctic Stenus comma is widespread across the temperate and northern Palaearctic as far east as Russian Far East, China, and Japan. In Iran, the northern species seems to be confined to the temperate northwest. Our find in West Azarbaijan constitutes the first country record of Stenus comma comma for Iran (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Biogeographical characterization.</p> <p>The wide distribution of this species cannot be explained by the Pleistocene refuge theory.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/830A76A3E7B25F1891D7EB0435CC8188	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
07B56B17397458939997BEBD03C3DAA9.text	07B56B17397458939997BEBD03C3DAA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus assequens subsp. assequens assequens Rey 1884	<div><p>Stenus assequens assequens Rey, 1884</p> <p>Record.</p> <p>Gilan (Samin et al. 2011 b: 140).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The Palaearctic distribution of the Holarctic Stenus assequens assequens reaches from Western Europe and the arboreal North Africa eastwards to the Russian Far East and China. Puthz (1977: 111) wrote that he received a single female from Nav Valley, Gilan, but this record was not adopted by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 806). Owing to the existence of Stenus assequens assequens in Caucasia, Turkey, and Central Asia, the above record for Gilan could be correct.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07B56B17397458939997BEBD03C3DAA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
5BA5413333CE5AD9B8DB0DE95A35346A.text	5BA5413333CE5AD9B8DB0DE95A35346A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus guttula P. Mueller 1821	<div><p>Stenus guttula P. Mueller 1821</p> <p>Record.</p> <p>Sistan &amp; Baluchestan (Samin et al. 2011b: 141).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>This record was adopted from Scheerpeltz (1961: 4), though it already turned out to be based on a misidentification (Herman 2001: 2208). Consequently, the Holomediterranean Stenus guttula, which is widely distributed in Europe and the Mediterranean, but also recorded for Egypt (Sinai) and Yemen, does not exist in Iran.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5BA5413333CE5AD9B8DB0DE95A35346A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
DB60692DC34356F8A329D2FA27BE8064.text	DB60692DC34356F8A329D2FA27BE8064.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus melanarius subsp. melanarius melanarius Stephens 1833	<div><p>Stenus melanarius melanarius Stephens, 1833</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Samin et al. (2011b: 141) cited Stenus melanarius melanarius for Iran referring to the catalogues of Herman (2001: 2276) and Smetana (2004: 559). The underlying specimens represent Stenus peripherus Korge, 1971 (Puthz, pers. comm.). Thus, the trans-Palaearctic Stenus melanarius is not yet recorded for the fauna of Iran. This erroneous record is, however, cited by Schülke and Smetana (2015: 828) again.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB60692DC34356F8A329D2FA27BE8064	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
95F623C8B1A051F7AEA3F894FC74213A.text	95F623C8B1A051F7AEA3F894FC74213A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenus planifrons subsp. planifrons Rey 1884	<div><p>Stenus planifrons planifrons Rey, 1884</p> <p>Record.</p> <p>Semnan (Sakenin et al. 2010: 13).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The nominotypical form of Stenus planifrons has a Pontomediterranean distribution in southeastern Europe and Turkey. Considering the allopatry of subspecies, the record from Semnan is implausible, because the collecting site is situated deeply within the area of distribution of Stenus planifrons robustus in northwestern Iran and the South Caspian mountains (Fig. 7).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/95F623C8B1A051F7AEA3F894FC74213A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Serri, Sayeh;Frisch, Johannes	Serri, Sayeh, Frisch, Johannes (2016): Species diversity, chorology, and biogeography of the Steninae MacLeay, 1825 of Iran, with comparative notes on Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 17-44, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.63.5885
