identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
273DCA65FFD8101681E4E63FFA025D19.text	273DCA65FFD8101681E4E63FFA025D19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton (sect. Lasiogyne)	<div><p>Identification key for the species of Croton sect. Lasiogyne occurring in Brazil</p><p>1. Leaf blade strongly bifacial, abaxial surface shiny, light green, yellowish or silvery to ferruginous................................................2</p><p>- Leaf blade slightly bifacial, abaxial surface opaque, light green, grayish or yellowish.....................................................................8</p><p>2. Abaxial surface of the leaf blade light green or yellowish to silver, never ferruginous; sepals of the pistillate flower reduplicated vertically and horizontally..................................................................................................................................................................3</p><p>- Abaxial surface of the leaf blade silver to ferruginous; sepals of the pistillate flower reduplicated only vertically .........................4</p><p>3. Branches monopodial; stipules helicoidal; leaf blade ovate, trichomes on adaxial surface dentate-lepidote to lepidote, abaxial surface never yellowish, venation actinodromous perfectly reticulate; capsule obloid ...................................................... C. micans</p><p>- Branches sympodial; stipules linear to lanceolate; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, stellate, stellate-porrect, sometimes dentatelepidote to lepidote trichomes on adaxial surface, abaxial surface silver to yellowish, venation eucamptodromous; capsule ovoid to obloid.................................................................................................................................................................... C. argyrophyllus</p><p>4. Branches brown to reddish; nectary disk of the staminate flower with simple trichomes; petals on pistillate flowers developed (up to 5 mm long................................................................................................................................................................. C. sacaquinha</p><p>- Branches yellowish, brown, gray or silvery to ferruginous; nectary disk of the staminate flower glabrous, or with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petals absent, reduced (up to 1 mm long), or transformed into glands in the pistillate flower ........................................5</p><p>5. Styles 2-fid or 2-partite.......................................................................................................................................................................6</p><p>- Styles multifid or multipartite ............................................................................................................................................................7</p><p>6. Dioecious shrub; branches sympodial; adaxial surface of the leaf blade glabrous or with stellate to stellate-lepidote trichomes, venation eucamptodromous; thyrse axillary; 10–15 stamens; sepals of the pistillate flower equal in size, style 2-fid; capsule silver to ferruginous; seed surface smooth............................................................................................................................... C. suassunae</p><p>- Monoecious shrub; branches monopodial; adaxial surface of the leaf blade with simple, 2–5-radiate or dentate-lepidote trichomes, venation brochidodromous; thyrse terminal or axillary; 5–6 stamens; sepals of the pistillate flower slightly unequal in size, style 2-partite; capsule yellow to orangish, seed surface rugose ...................................................................................... C. claussenianus</p><p>7. Shrub (2–10 m tall); stipules linear; venation brochidodromous; pistillate flower with triangular sepals, nectary disk with 5 free segments, glabrous; capsule spheroid, unlobed; seeds smooth .............................................................................................. C. limae</p><p>- Shrub (up to 3 m tall); stipules lanceolate to auriculate; venation eucamptodromous; pistillate flower with ovate to oblong sepals, nectary disk 5-lobed, with stellate trichomes; capsule ovoid to subspheroid, 3-lobed, seeds papillose-rugose ................. C. tricolor</p><p>8. Tree (3–20 m tall); young branches and petioles with dendritic trichomes; thyrse terminal or axillary; petals reduced (ca. 1 mm long) in pistillate flowers, filiform, styles always patent, 24–36 (–40) stigmatic tips; capsule muricate .................... C. floribundus</p><p>- Shrubs (up to 8 m tall); young branches and petioles with stellate to stellate-lepidote trichomes; thyrse only terminal; petals absent on pistillate flower, styles patent or ascending, 12–24 stigmatic tips; capsule non-muricate............................................................9</p><p>9. Branches, abaxial surface of the leaf blade, thyrse, ovary, and capsules with stellate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes; style multifid, united for ¾ of its length, forming a column; seed smooth...................................................................................... C. blanchetianus</p><p>- Branches, abaxial surface of the leaf blade, thyrse, ovary, and capsules with stellate trichomes; style multipartite, free; seed rugose or papillose-rugose ...........................................................................................................................................................................10</p><p>10. Stipules linear; leaf blade lanceolate; cymules congested; bracts lanceolate to oblong; sepals of the pistillate flower reduplicated horizontally or vertically and horizontally, glabrous internally, styles ascending........................................................ C. compressus</p><p>- Stipules reniform, flabelliform to auriculate, or less common lanceolate; leaf blade cordiform; cymules lax; bracts lanceolate or 3-lobed; sepals of the pistillate flower reduplicated vertically and horizontally, densely covered by stellate trichomes internally, styles patent ................................................................................................................................................................. C. jacobinensis</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFD8101681E4E63FFA025D19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916.text	273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton argyrophyllus Kunth, Bonpland & Humboldt 1817	<div><p>1. Croton argyrophyllus Kunth, Bonpland &amp; Humboldt (1817: 68) .</p><p>— C. micans var. argyrophyllus (Kunth, Bonpland &amp; Humboldt) M̧ller Argoviensis (1866: 554) .</p><p>Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Sucre: Manicuare, 1800, A.J.A. von Humboldt &amp; F.W.H.A. Bonpland 1217 (P [P00669843!]; isotype: B [B-W17899-010!]) . Fig. 4 (a–e); 6 (a)</p><p>Croton nervosus var. villosus Klotzsch (1843b: 50) .— C. argyrophyllus var. villosus (Klotzsch) M̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 96) . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— GUYANA: “On the Essequibo”, without date, R.H. Schomburgk 44 (G [G00434603!]; isolectotypes: E [E00164720!], G [G00434602!, G311384!], K [K000253587!, K000253589!]).</p><p>Croton argyroglossus Baillon (1864: 290) . — C. micans var. argyroglossus (Baillon) M̧ller Argoviensis (1873: 122) . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Bahia: Jacobina, 1845, J.S. Blanchet 3655 (P [P00623634!]; isolectotypes: A [A00257884!], BR [BR0000008553249!], F [F0056105F!], FI [FI011642!], G [G00434465!, G00434464!], K [K000185987!], P [P00623633!]).</p><p>Croton milleri Johnston (1905: 690) . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— VENEZUELA. Nueva Esparta: Isla de Margarita, El Valle, 10August 1903, J.R. Johnston 48 (GH [GH00047196!]; isolectotypes:K [K000574059!], M [M0242067!], NY [NY00262922!], US [US 01050279!]).</p><p>Croton schomburgkianus A. P. S. Gomes &amp; M. F. Sales (2010: 907) .— Croton argyrophyllus var. pubescens (Klotzsch) M̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 96) .— Croton micans var. pubescens M̧ller Argoviensis (1866: 554) .— Croton nervosus Klotzsch (1843: 50) . nom. illeg.— Croton nervosus var. pubescens Klotzsch (1843: 50) . Lectotype (designated by Gomes et al. 2010):— GUYANA: “in Guyana anglica secus Essequibo”, 1837, R. H. Schomburgk 802 (K [K000185986!]; isolectotypes: K [K000185985!], A [A00047359!], 2x F [F0056106F!], G [G00434601!], P [P00634523!], US [US 00109626!]).</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub, 1–4 m tall; latex yellow; branching sympodial, branches cylindrical, slightly striated, brown to greyish; trichomes stellate-lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules linear to lanceolate, 4–5 × 0.1–0.6 mm long, usually deciduous, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4–1 cm long, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, lanceolate to elliptic, 3–9 × 1–3.5 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face light green to dark green with stellate to stellate-lepidote trichomes, sometimes dentate-lepidote to lepidote, abaxial face shiny, silvery to yellowish, with stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote trichomes, rarely stellate-porrect, base rounded to slightly cordate, margins entire, apex acute, acuminate or rounded, rarely mucronate, venation eucamptodromous, with 6–14 secondary veins. Thyrses 5–15 cm long, terminal, with stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote trichomes, cymules unisexual, peduncle 0.5–1 cm long; cymules lax, solitary flowers; bracts deciduous, lanceolate, sometimes 3- lobed, two lateral lobes smaller inconspicuous, 2–3.5 × 0.5–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicel 1–3.5 mm long; sepals silver, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes triangular to ovate, 2–3 × 1–2 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals white, lanceolate, 3–3.5 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes simple; stamens 12–18, filament 2–3.5 mm long, anther long ovate, 1 × 0.8 mm; nectary disk 5-partite, apex of lobes rounded, with lepidote trichomes. Pistillate flower with pedicel 1–2 mm long; sepals greenish to silver, united up to ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, equal in size, 3–6 × 2–4 mm, reduplicated vertically and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes lepidote externally, stellate-lepidote to glabrescent internally; petals absent; ovary long ovoid, 2–3 × 2 mm, with lepidote trichomes; styles ascending, multifid, slightly united at the base, 14–18 stigmatic tips, with lepidote trichomes; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with lepidote trichomes. Capsule silvery green, ovoid to obloid, 5–6.5 × 4.5–5.5, 3-lobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella up to 4.5 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to gray, ovoid to elliptic, 4–5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, smooth, caruncle reniform.</p><p>Vernacular names: — Velame prateado, velame falso, velame mirim, sacatinga, cassatinga.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: —Species distributed through Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela (Gomes 2006, Carneiro-Torres 2009). In Brazil, it occurs in the Caatinga and Amazon domains, and more rarely in dry and anthropized areas within the Atlantic Forest domain (Caruzo et al. 2022). Their populations are always associated with xeric environments, preferentially in sandy or sandy-stony soils, more rarely in clayey soils. Up until now, it has been recorded only for Rondônia and Roraima (northern region) and all of the northeastern (Caruzo et al. 2022). The present study brings Croton argyrophyllus as a new record for Acre (northern) and Minas Gerais (southeastern) (Fig. 6, a), occurring in Amazonian savanna and anthropized areas. Croton argyrophyllus has a wide EOO (&gt; 11,000,000 km 2) and an AOO of &lt;750 km 2. Despite its AOO, this species is evaluated here as of Least Concern (LC), as it has a wide EOO and is present in several environmental protection areas. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</p><p>Notes: — Croton argyrophyllus can be confused with C. sacaquinha or C. tricolor due to the general appearance of its lanceolate leaves with a shiny abaxial surface. It can, however, be easily distinguished by its total lack of the ferruginous trichomes seen on C. sacaquinha and C. tricolor .</p><p>M̧ller Argoviensis (1865, 1873) misinterpreted C. micans Swartz (1800: 1185), and described some species and the varieties using that name that are actually all C. argyrophyllus . That error resulted in large numbers of specimens of C. argyrophyllus in herbarium are still identified as C. micans . Van Ee &amp; Berry (2009), however, demonstrate the true identity of C. micans and discussed the history of this species, which differed from that interpreted by M̧ller Argoviensis.</p><p>Gomes (2006) admitted C. nervosus as a species distinct from C. argyrophyllus based on the shape and indumentum of the nectary disk of the staminate flower and the type of trichome on the adaxial surface of the leaf blade. Gomes et al. (2010) subsequently proposed C. schomburgkianus as a new name for C. nervosus, and continued to recognize it as different from C. argyrophyllus . Van Ee (2011) recognized those species as synonyms. We agree with van Ee (2011) that the characters used by Gomes (2006) to distinguish C. argyrophyllus from C. schomburgkianus are insufficient to differentiate two species. A more integrative approach may even reveal them as distinct, but we recognize C. argyrophyllus here as a polymorphic, widely distributed species that has subtle and continuous variations along its distribution.</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Acre: Rio Branco, Faz. S „ o Bento, 3 September 1951, Black 51 (IAN) . Alagoas: Mata Grande, Serra da Boa Vista, 09º04’80” S, 37º71’80” W, 2 June 2001, R . P . Lyra-Lemos 5670 (HST, HUEFS) . Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.271946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.095278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.271946/lat -11.095278)">Serra da Babilônia</a>, 11º05’43” S, 41º16’19” W, without date, E . Antunes 614 (HUEFS). Maranh „o: S „o Mateus do Maranh„o, Fazenda do Senhor Miguel Pacheco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.833332/lat -4.0)">Km</a> 137 of BR-132, 04º00’ S, 44º50’ W, 27 September 1980, D. C . Dally 318 (INPA) . Paraíba: Monteiro, propriedade de Zé do Boá, Faz. Olho D’água dos Silva, 07º87’67” S, 37º22’84” W, 13 May 2005, J . G . Carvalho-Sobrinho 2196 (HVASF) . Pernambuco: Buíque, Faz. Laranjeiras, 8º62’50” S, 37º15’41” W, 22 February 1996, K . Andrade et al. 308 (PEUFR) . Rio Grande do Norte: Martins, Sítio do Sr. Clesinho, entrada na saída para Umarizal, ca. 2 Km da entrada, 29 April 2012, J . G . Jardim et al. 6208 (JPB) . Rondônia: Rio Crespo, Faz. De Santa Adelaide, 07 December 1981, J . G . Kuhlmann 6618 (CEPEC) . Roraima: Boa Vista, estrada BR-174 na beira do rio Caomé, 02º83’33” S, 60º66’66” W, 5 August 1986, J . A . C. Silva 623 (INPA) . Sergipe: Canindé de S „o Francisco, Faz. Jerimum, Mata ciliar do baixo curso do Rio S „o Francisco, 09º37’87” S, 37º43’53” W, 29 March 2005, D. Coelho 661 (UFP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982.text	273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton blanchetianus Baillon 1864	<div><p>2. Croton blanchetianus Baillon (1864: 301) .</p><p>— Oxydectes blanchetiana (Baillon) Kuntze (1891: 611) .</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Bahia: without locality, 1840, J.S. Blanchet 3094 (P [P00623615!]; isolectotypes: A [A00257891!], BR [BR0000008550774!], C [C10011159!], F [F0077750F!], G [G00434455!, G00434456!, G00311389!], K [K000186158!, K000186159!], MA [MA249946!], NY [NY00246515!], P [P00623612!, P00623613!, P00623614!], TUB [TUB009093!]) . Fig. 4 (f–j), 6 (a)</p><p>Croton alagoensis M̧ller Argoviensis (1873: 121) . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Alagoas: without locality, 1838, G. Gardner 1401 (G [G00434407!]; isolectotypes: A [A00047220!], F [F0077751F!], G [G00434406!], K [K000253585!, K000253584!, K000253586!], NY [NY00246505!, NY00246506!], P [P00623654!, P00623655!, P00623656!]).</p><p>Croton floribundus var. piauhyensis Rizzini (1976: 167) . Holotype:— BRAZIL. Piauí: Nazaré, Fazenda Algod „o, 27 November 1973, Ramalho 296 (RB [RB190610!]; isotype: PEUFR [PEUFR28271!]).</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub, 1.5–8 m tall; latex translucent; monopodial branching, branches cylindrical, yellowish green to greyish; trichomes stellate-lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules lanceolate to auriculate, 0.4–1.5 × 0.1–1.8 cm, usually persistent, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.3–2.5 cm long, with stellatelepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, ovate to oval-lanceolate, 1.2–12.5 × 1–6 cm, slightly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with stellate-lepidote trichomes, abaxial face opaque, light green to gray, with stellate to stellate-lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire,apex acute to rounded, rarely mucronate,venation eucamptodromous, with 6–20 secondary veins. Thyrses 3–12 cm long, terminal, with stellate-lepidote trichomes, peduncle 0.2–1.5 cm long; cymules unisexual, congested, with up to 2 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts deciduous, linear, 2–5 × 0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicel 3–7 mm long; sepals greenish to yellowish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 2–2.5 × 1.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes externally, stellate internally; petals white, ovate, 2–3 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with simple trichomes externally, glabrous internally; stamens 15–18, filament 2–3 mm long, anther long elliptic, ca. 0.8 × 0.5 mm; nectary disk with 5 free segments, ovate, glabrous. Pistillate flower with pedicel 1.0– 1.5 mm long; sepals green, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, equal in size, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, reduplicated vertically or both vertical and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes stellate-lepidote externally, stellate-lepidote to glabrescent internally; petals absent; ovary spheroid to obloid, 2–2.5 × 2–3, trichomes stellate-lepidote to lepidote; styles ascending, multifid, united into a column for 3 / 4 of their length, 18–20 stigmatic tips, trichomes stellate; nectary disk of 5 free segments, elliptic, glabrous. Capsule green to yellowish, subspheroid to spheroid, 4–6 × 3–4 mm, 3- lobed, surface non-muricate, trichomes lepidote; columella up to 4 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to black, ellipsoid to ovoid, 4–5 × 3.5–3.8, smooth, caruncle reniform.</p><p>Vernacular name: — Marmeleiro.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton blanchetianus is restricted to the Caatinga domain (Gomes 2006, Carneiro-Torres 2009) and is found in all northeastern region except Maranh„o and Minas Gerais (Fig. 6, a). It is certainly one of the most abundant species in the Caatinga domain, together with C. heliotropiifolius Kunth, Bonpland &amp; Humboldt (1817: 83), which belongs to section Adenophylli Grisebach (1864: 40). It prefers open areas and the edges of forest fragments, being found mainly in clayey and stony soils, although it can also be found in sandy soils and on rocky outcrops. It has been recorded in xeric formations, anthropized areas, and along the edges of montane forests (Gomes 2006, Carneiro-Torres 2009, Silva et al. 2010, Caruzo et al. 2022). Croton blanchetianus has an EOO of&gt; 850,000 km 2, and an AOO of 1,628 km 2. This species is classified as Least Concern (LC), due to its wide EOO and its dense populations that are often the only shrub component in some areas. It flowers and fruits from October to July.</p><p>Notes: — Croton blanchetianus can be confused with C. floribundus, mainly because of its leaf morphology and stellate-lepidote to lepidote indumentum. Croton blanchetianus can easily be differentiated, however, mainly by a shrubby habit (vs. tree in C. floribundus), ascending styles with 18–20 stigmatic tips, united in a column for most of their length (vs. patent, free to slightly united at the base, and with 24–36 stigmatic tips), and non-muricate capsule (vs. muricate).</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Piranhas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.756668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.623889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.756668/lat -9.623889)">Fazenda Serrote</a>, 9º37’26” S, 37º45’24” W, 6 July 2012, A. S . Dias 3 (ASE) . Bahia: Canudos, Estaç „o Biológica de Canudos, 10º01’66” S, 39º15’00” W, 16 February 2003, F. H. M . Silva 294 (HUEFS) . Minas Gerais: Mato Verde, margens da rodovia Mato Verde—Monte Azul, (BR-122), 15º33’52” S, 42º89’02” W, 31 March 2003, J. R . Pirani 5372 (SPF) . Paraíba: Taperoá, estrada de Teperoá em direç„o à S „o José dos Cordeiros, 7º20’75” S, 36º82’66” W, 22 January 1993, S. I . Silva 29 (PEUFR) . Pernambuco: Cabrobó, Serra do Monte Santo, Adutora da Compesa, 8º30’80” S, 39º22’61” W, 9 April 2014, A. P . Fontana 7978 (HUEFS) . Piauí: Oeiras, estrada Oeiras para Picos, ca. 5 km da cidade de Oeiras, 6º97’22” S, 42º08’52” W, 25 January 2014, B. M. T. Walter 6623 (HUEFS). Rio Grande do Norte: Mossoró, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.344444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.1919446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.344444/lat -5.1919446)">Campus</a> ESAM, 5º11’31” S, 37º20’40” W, 9 May 1978, O. F. Oliveira 587 (MOSS). Sergipe: Santana do S „o Francisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.607777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.291112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.607777/lat -10.291112)">Povoado Saúde</a>, 10º17’28” S, 36º36’28” W, 26 February 2010, A. P . Prata et al. 2233 (ASE) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA.text	273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton claussenianus Baillon 1864	<div><p>3. Croton claussenianus Baillon (1864: 291) .</p><p>— Oxydectes clausseniana (Baillon) Kuntze (1891: 611) .</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2020b):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, without further locality, 1841, P.C.D. Claussen 1574 (P [P00623106!]; isolectotypes: P [P00623108!, P00623107!], A [A00257907!], NY [NY0046528!]) . Fig. 4 (k–o), 6 (a)</p><p>Croton pentandrus M ̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 97) . Holotype:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: without further locality, 1840, P.C. D. Claussen s.n. (G [G00311205!]).</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub, 1–2 m tall; latex not seen; monopodial branching, branches cylindrical, brown to ferruginous; trichomes dentate-lepidote to lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules narrowly lanceolate or 3-lobed, 0.3–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 cm, usually persistent, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4–1 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, elliptic to oval, 3–6.5 × 1.5–3 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with simple trichomes 2–5-radiate and dentate-lepidote, abaxial surface shiny, silver to ferruginous with dentatelepidote trichomes, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, venation brochidodromous, with 6–9 secondary veins. Thyrse 4–8 cm long, terminal or axillary, trichomes dentate-lepidote to lepidote, peduncle ca. 1 cm long; cymules unisexual, congested, reduced to solitary flowers; bracts persistent, 3-lobed, with two smaller and inconspicuous lateral lobes, 2–2.2 × 0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes stellate-lepidote to dentatelepidote. Staminate flower with pedicel ca. 1 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes triangular to ovate, 1–1.3 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes stellate-lepidote externally, simple internally; petals white, oblong, ca. 1 × 0.4 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, trichomes simple; stamens 5–6, filament up to 1.3 mm long, anther elliptic, ca. 0.5 × 0.3 mm; nectary disk of 5 free segments, ovate, glabrous. Pistillate flower with pedicel up to 2 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, free, oboval, slightly unequal in size, 3–5.5 × 1.3–3 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals white to yellowish, transformed into filiform glands, ca. 0.8 mm long, margins entire, apex rounded, glabrous; ovary spheroid, 2.5–2.8 mm diam., trichomes lepidote; styles ascending, free, 2-partite, 6 stigmatic tips, trichomes lepidote; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule yellow to orangish, spheroid, 4–4.5 mm diam., not lobed, surface non-muricate, trichomes dentate-lepidote to lepidote; columella ca. 3 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ellipsoid, ca. 4.0 × 2.8 mm, rugose, caruncle reniform.</p><p>Vernacular names:— not found.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton claussenianus is a rupicolous species, restricted to the Cerrado (Rossine et al. 2020b), and found only in the municipalities of Pedro Leopoldo and Matozinhos, Minas Gerais (Fig. 6, a). It is found growing on limestone outcrops (Rossine et al. 2020b). This species is classified here as endangered (EN), based on its restricted EOO (2,085 km 2) and AOO (12 km 2), applying in the criteria B1, B2a, B2c (ii, iii) (IUCN 2022). Only two recent collected specimens were found during this study, and none individual were found during our field expeditions. Flowering and fruiting in January and February.</p><p>Notes: — Croton claussenianus can be confused with C. tricolor by the general appearance of its leaves and branches, but they can be easily distinguished, as discussed by Rossine et al. (2020b). C. claussenianus is also morphologically close to C. suassunae, sharing strongly bifacial leaves, a silvery to ferruginous indumentum, axillary inflorescences, capsule spheroid, and styles with 6 stigmatic tips. C. claussenianus, however, can be distinguished from C. suassunae by having simple to radiate or dentate-lepidote trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface (vs. trichomes stellate to stellate-lepidote in C. suassunae), brochidodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous), 5–6 stamens (vs. 10–15), nectary disk with 5 free segments in the staminate flower (vs. 5-lobed), sepals of the pistillate flower oboval and slightly unequal in size (vs. spatulate and equal), yellow to orangish capsule (vs. silver to ferruginous), and seeds with a rugose surface, with a reniform caruncle (vs. smooth surface with an elliptic caruncle).</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Pedro Leopoldo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.988888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.548056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.988888/lat -19.548056)">Lapa do Baú</a>, 19º32’53” S, 43º59’20” W, 12 February 2015, N. C . Moreira et al. 177 (BHCB, HEPH); ibid, Matozinhos, Haras Veredas, proximidades do povoado S „ o <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.064445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.718056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.064445/lat -19.718056)">Bento. Morro</a> com afloramentos de calcário em paredıes, grandes fendas e campos de lapiás, 19º43’05” S, 44º03’52” W, 20 January 2017, P. H. A . Melo et al. 6026 (HUEFS) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C.text	273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton compressus Lamarck 1786	<div><p>4. Croton compressus Lamarck (1786: 208) .</p><p>— Oxydectes compressa (Lamarck) Kuntze (1891: 611) .</p><p>Lectotype (designated by van Ee 2011: 30):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: without further locality, 1767, P. Commerson s.n. (P [P-LA382064!, upper sheet]; isolectotypes: F [F00970409!], FI [FI011652!], MPU [MPU14777!], P [P00493370!, P00493371!, P00674046!, P-JU16345]) . Fig. 5 (a–e), 6 (b)</p><p>Croton gonocladus Spring ex Martius (1837: 119) . — Lasiogyne brasiliensis Klotzsch (1843: 418) . — Croton brasiliensis Martius ex Klotzsch (1843: 419), nom. nud. Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: without further locality, without date, C.F.P. von Martius Herb. Fl. Bras. 163 (M [M0086106!]; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000008553041!], FI [FI011651!], G [G00311375!], GH [GH00047304!], HAL [HAL0136203!], M [M0086105!, M0089100!, M0089101!], P [P00623111!, P00623112!, P00623113!], SP [SP000658!], TUB [TUB009128!, TUB009129!]).</p><p>Croton subcompressus M̧ller Argoviensis (1866: 557) .— Oxydectes subcompressa (M̧ller Argoviensis) Kuntze (1891: 613) . Holotype:— “ Patria ignota, verisimiliter America meridionalis aut Mexico ”, without date, without collector (G [G00311369!]).</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub, 1.5–3 m tall; latex not seen; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, slightly striated, brown to light green; trichomes stellate. Leaves alternate; stipules linear 0.1–0.3 cm long, usually deciduous, with stellate trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.8–1.5 cm long, with stellate trichomes; leaf blade membranous, lanceolate, 5.5–10 × 2.5–4, slightly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with stellate trichomes, abaxial face opaque, light green with stellate trichomes, base rounded, margins entire, apex acute, venation brochidodromous, with 11–16 secondary veins. Thyrses 7–21 cm long, terminal, with stellate trichomes, peduncle ca. 1 cm long; cymules unisexual, congested, staminate up to 2 flowers, pistillate solitary; bracts persistent, lanceolate to oblong, 1–1.3 × 0.3–0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicel 4–5 mm long; sepals greenish to yellowish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 3–4.5 × 1.8–2.3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals white to yellowish, elliptic to oblong, 2.7–3.3 × 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with simple and stellate trichomes; stamens 15, filament 2–3 mm long, anther rounded, ca. 1 mm diam.; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Pistillate flower sessile to subsessile, pedicel up to 1 mm long; sepals light green, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 2.7–3.2 × 1–1.5 mm, equal in size, reduplicated horizontally or vertically and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes externally, glabrescent internally; petals absent; ovary ovoid to obloid, ca. 2 × 2.3–2.5 mm, with stellate trichomes; styles ascending, free, multipartite, 18–22 stigmatic tips, with stellate trichomes; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule green, ovoid or spheroid to subspheroid, 3.5–4.0 × 3.0 mm, 3-lobed, surface non-muricate, with stellate trichomes; columella ca. 2 mm long, entire, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ellipsoid, 2.2–2.7 × 2–2.3 mm, papillose-rugose, caruncle elliptic.</p><p>Vernacular names: — Cróton .</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton compressus occurs in the Atlantic Forest domain, restricted to southeastern Brazil, occurring in restinga vegetation and on rocky outcrops; it was recorded by Caruzo &amp; Cordeiro (2007) in Rio de Janeiro and S„o Paulo, and recently in Espírito Santo (Caruzo et al. 2022) (Fig. 6, b). Croton compressus has an EOO of 36,810.023 km 2 and an AOO of 112 km 2. Based on the restricted AOO, and because it occurs in areas that are constantly impacted by humans, such as restinga vegetation and mountainous coastal areas, this species is classified here as Near Threatened (NT). Flowering and fruiting from October to May.</p><p>Notes: — Croton compressus is morphologically similar to C. jacobinensis, sharing a stellate indumentum, shrubby habit, prominent venation on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade, and the similar general appearances of their fruits and seeds. Croton compressus can be distinguished from C. jacobinensis, however, mainly by having linear stipules (vs. lanceolate to flabelliform), leaf blade lanceolate (vs. cordiform), sepals of the pistillate flower reduplicated horizontally, glabrous internally (vs. reduplicated horizontally and vertically, densely velutinous internally), and ascending styles (vs. patent styles). In addition to its morphology, C. compressus is restricted to the coast of the Southeastern region of Brazil, in restinga environments, also occurring in rocky outcrops; C. jacobinensis occurs in the Northeastern region of the country and in northern of Minas Gerais (Southeast) in the Caatinga domain and in transition areas between the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains.</p><p>Representative specimens:— Espírito Santo: Guarapari, afloramento rochoso entre Peracanga e Bacutia, 20º73’40” S, 40º52’85” W, 7 June 2015, A. C. S . Dal 350 (VIES). Rio de Janeiro: Armaç „o de Búzios, Bairro da Rasa, Sítio Tauá, 8 January 2002, R. C. C . Reis 225 (CEPEC). S „o Paulo: S „o Sebasti„o, Ilha dos Alcatrazes, 11 December 1990, L . Rossi &amp; M . Adair 1090 (SP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC.text	273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton floribundus Sprengel 1826	<div><p>5. Croton floribundus Sprengel (1826: 873) .</p><p>— Oxydectes floribunda (Sprengel) Kuntze (1891: 611) .</p><p>Neotype (designated by Caruzo &amp; Cordeiro 2007: 578):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: without further locality, without date, F. Sellow 171 (SP [SP001046!]) . Fig. 5 (f–j), 6 (b)</p><p>Croton maracayuensis Chodat &amp; Hassler (1905: 492) . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— PARAGUAY. Sierra de Maracayu, October, E. Hassler n. 5178 (G [G00306915 (upper sheet!)]; isolectotypes: G [G00306915 (inferior sheet!), 3x G00306937!], GH [GH00047341!], BM [BM504271], K [K000574196!], MO [MO-260054!], MPU [MPU014845!], NY [NY00262918!], P [P00623190!, P00623191!], S [S-R10542!], UC [UC935372!]).</p><p>Description: —Monoecious tree, 3–20 m tall; latex translucent to orangish; monopodial branching, branches cylindrical, sometimes slightly striated, brown to grayish brown, trichomes stellate-lepidote, dendritic on young branches. Leaves alternate; stipules long-lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 × 0.3 cm, usually deciduous, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 1–5 cm long, with stellate-lepidote to dendritic trichomes, sometimes very condensed; leaf blade chartaceous, long ovate to lanceolate, 3–19 × 1.7–8 cm, slightly bifacial, adaxial surface dark green with 2–5 radiated stellate trichomes on veins, abaxial surface opaque, yellowish to light green, with stellate, stellate-lepidote, or dentatelepidote trichomes, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute; venation eucamptodromous, with 15–24 secondary veins. Thyrses 10–32 cm long, axillary or terminal, with dentate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes, peduncle 1–3 cm long, cymules unisexual, lax, with up to 3 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts deciduous, linear, sometimes 3-lobed, two smaller lateral lobes inconspicuous, ca. 2 × 0.2–0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with dentate-lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicel up to 3 mm long; sepals greenish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 3–4 × 3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with dentate-lepidote trichomes externally, glabrescent internally; petals white to greenish, ovate to elliptic, 2.5–3 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, trichomes simple; stamens 12–15, filament 2–2.5 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.8–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm; nectary disk 5-lobed, almost entire, apex of lobes rounded, trichomes stellate-lepidote. Pistillate flower with pedicel 5–7 mm long; sepals green, free, long ovate to ovate, equal in size, rare slightly unequal, 4–7 × 3–4 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with stellate-lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals yellow to brown, filiform, ca. 1 mm long, margins entire, apex acute, with trichomes stellate-lepidote; ovary spheroid to obloid, 3–4 × 2–3.5 mm, with dentate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes, styles patent, free, multipartite, 24–36 (–40) stigmatic tips, with stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote trichomes; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule green to yellowish, spheroid to obloid, 7–25 × 1–28 mm, 3-lobed, muricate surface, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; columella up to 13 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to black, ellipsoid, 5–15.5 × 3.5–10 mm, papillose-rugose, caruncle long ovate.</p><p>Vernacular names: —Capixingui, cambará-de-lixa, itapexingui, lava-prato, velame-de-capoeira, marmeleiro, marmeleiro preto, marmeleiro bravo and tapexingui.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton floribundus is widely distributed in Brazil and reaches Paraguay (Gomes 2006, Santos et al. 2017). It occurs from the northern Ceará to Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig. 6, b). This species occupies a wide variety of environments within the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest domains, such as riparian and gallery forests, mountain, ombrophilous and semi-deciduous vegetation, as well as degraded areas. It is found mainly in clayey or humus soils. Croton floribundus is considered of Least Concern (LC), having a wide EOO (&gt; 3,300,000 km 2) and AOO (1,600 km 2), and occurring in several environmental protection areas. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</p><p>Notes: — Croton floribundus can be easily identified by its tree habit, dendritic trichomes on young branches and petioles, long inflorescences, and muricate capsules. Although it can be confused with some tree species from other sections, C. floribundus is one of the few trees of the genus occurring in the Atlantic Forest that does not have acropetiolar or basilaminar glands. It is morphologically close to C. blanchetianus; the distinctions between them are presented in the notes on C. blanchetianus .</p><p>Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Alagoas: Uni„o dos Palmares, Faz. Santo Antônio, 13 April 1968, I . Pontual 824 (PEUFR) . Bahia: Itacaré, Rodovia Ubaitaba, Plantaç „o de cacau, 14º27’78” S, 38º99’67” W, 5 January 1967, R. P . Belém 2961 (NY) . Ceará: Guaramiranga, Pico Alto, Sítio Gameleira, 23 January 2008, E. S . Rocha s.n. (HUEFS138381) . Espírito Santo: Castelo, without date, R . Goldenberg 1276 (CEPEC) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Bataguassu, estrada Bataguassu—Anaurilândia, 15 October 1998, A . Amaral Júnior s.n. (VIC23690) . Minas Gerais: Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 17 December 1988, L . Krieger s.n. (CESJ 23345) . Paraíba: Natuba, remanescente de Mata Atlântica, 12 January 2001, M. R . Barbosa et al. 1870 (JPB). Paraná: Jundiaí do Sul, Faz. Monte Verde, 23 November 2000, J . Carneiro 826 (MBM) . Pernambuco: S „o Benedito do Sul, Igarapeba, Mijada da véia, 11 January 1994, A. M. Miranda s.n. (ALCB027815). Rio de Janeiro: Parti-Mirim, Faz. De Paraty-Mirim, 1 December 1998, L. G. Giordano et al. 535 (MBM). S „o Paulo: Campinas, Sub-distrito de Souzas, Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, 22 November 1996, K . Santos 164 (UEC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A.text	273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton jacobinensis Baillon 1864	<div><p>6. Croton jacobinensis Baillon (1864: 302) .</p><p>— Croton auriculatus M̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 98), nom. superfl.</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Bahia: Jacobina, 1845, J.S. Blanchet 3661 (P [P00623531!]; isolectotypes: G [G00311368!, G00434516!], P [P00623530!], F [F0093327F!], K [K000253581!], MA [MA249987!]) . Fig. 5 (k–o), 6 (b)</p><p>Croton sonderianus M ̧ller Argoviensis (1866: 557) . Holotype:— BRAZIL. Ceará: without locality, without date, Kalkmann 147 (G [G00311377!]).</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub, 1–3 m tall; latex translucent; monopodial branching, branches cylindrical, green to brown; trichomes stellate. Leaves alternate; stipules flabelliform to auriculate, less common lanceolate, 0.5–2.5 × 0.2–3.8 cm, usually persistent, with stellate trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.5–6 cm long, with stellate trichomes; leaf blade membranous, cordiform, 4–28 × 2–20 cm, slightly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with stellate trichomes, abaxial face opaque, light green to gray with stellate trichomes, base cordate, margins entire, apex acute, venation eucamptodromous, with 6–12 secondary veins. Thyrses 5–18 cm long, terminal, with stellate trichomes, peduncle 0.5– 1.5 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, solitary flowers; bracts persistent, lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed, two smaller lateral lobes inconspicuous, 3–4 × 2–2.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels 2.5–5 mm long; sepals greenish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 3–3.5 × 2 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals white, ovate to oblong, 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with simple trichomes externally, glabrous internally; stamens 14–17, filament ca. 2 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.4–0.8 × 0.2–0.4 mm; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Pistillate flower with pedicels 0.5–2 mm long; sepals green, united for ⅟ 4 of their length, lobes ovate to long ovate, equal in size, 4.5–8 × 2–5 mm, reduplicated vertically or both vertically and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes externally and internally; petals absent; ovary spheroid to obloid, 2–3.5 × 2–3.8 mm, with stellate trichomes; styles patent, rarely ascending, free, multipartite, up to 24 stigmatic tips, with stellate trichomes; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule light green, ovoid or spheroid to obloid, 4–6 × 4–7 mm, 3-lobed, rarely unlobed, surface non-muricate, with stellate trichomes; columella up to 5 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to gray, spheroid, 3.5–4.5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, rugose, caruncle elliptic.</p><p>Vernacular names:— Marmeleiro branco, marmeleiro do brejo, marmeleiro de orelha.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton jacobinensis is endemic to the Caatinga domain (Carneiro-Torres 2009), reaching transition areas between the Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest (Caruzo et al. 2022). It occurs in Minas Gerais and in northeastern Brazil (except for Alagoas and Maranh„o) (Fig. 6, b). C. jacobinensis is associated with the less xeric Caatinga environments, being frequently found in montane forests, higher altitude areas, and more rarely in anthropized sites, preferably in clayey soils. Although with a small AOO (424 km 2), C. jacobinensis is classified as of Least Concern (LC), based on its EOO (810,851.066 km 2) and its occurrence in several protected areas in the northeastern region of Brazil and in montane forests that have suffered little human impact. Flowering from November to May and fruiting from December to May.</p><p>Notes:— Croton jacobinensis can be identified by having lanceolate to flabelliform stipules, cordiform leaves, and the vertically and horizontally reduplicated sepals of its pistillate flower. It can be confused with C. compressus (the distinctions are presented in the comments concerning the latter species).</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Lagedo do Tabocal, ca. 8 km em direç„o a Maracás, 25 February 2000, R. P . Oliveira 337 (HUEFS) . Ceará: Crateús, RPPN Serra das Almas - sede, 5º14’71” S, 40º92’72” W, 14 January 2017, H. M . Meneses 79 (EAC) . Minas Gerais: Caraça, without date, Gounelle s.n. (P05509550) . Paraíba: Jacaraú, Timbó, Riacho do meio, 5 Mar. 2016, E. M . Almeida 1579 (HUEFS) . Pernambuco: Carpina, 11 January 2007, L. P . Felix 11478 (HUEFS) . Piauí: Piracuruca, estrada administrativa, 2 February 2002, A . Carvalho 91 (UEC) . Rio Grande do Norte: Baia Formosa, próximo a entrada de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-35.10611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3519444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -35.10611/lat -6.3519444)">Barra do Cunhaú</a>, ca. 8 km da cidade, 6º21’07” S, 35º06’22” W, 2 November 2007, R. C . Oliveira et al. 2037 (MOSS) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202.text	273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton limae A. P. S. Gomes, P. E. Berry & M. F. Sales 2010	<div><p>7. Croton limae A.P.S. Gomes, P.E. Berry &amp; M.F. Sales (2010: 206) .</p><p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Andaraí, Pai Inácio, N da estrada entre <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.5/lat -12.5)">Andaraí</a> e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.5/lat -12.5)">Lençóis</a>, 12°30’ S, 41°30’ W, 18 February 1997, M. L. Guedes et al. 5857 (HUEFS [HUEFS63180!]; isotypes: ALCB [2x ALCB37462!], CEPEC, IBGE, MO, NY, PEUFR) . Fig. 7 (a–e), 9 (a)</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub to tree, 2–10 m tall; latex yellow; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, brown to yellowish; trichomes dentate-lepidote to lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules linear to narrowly lanceolate, 0.5–1.3 × 0.3–0.5 cm long, usually deciduous, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical to slightly striated, 1–4 cm long, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, ovate to elliptic, 3.0–15.5 × 1.5–10, strongly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with stellate to stellate-lepidote or glabrescent trichomes, abaxial face shiny, silver to ferruginous with lepidote trichomes, base rounded, rarely cordate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, venation brochidodromous with 8–15 secondary veins. Thyrses 5–26 cm long, terminal, with dentate-lepidote trichomes, peduncle ca. 1 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, reduced to solitary flowers; bracts persistent, ovate to triangular, 0.7–2 × 0.4–1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels 3–8 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, joined up to ⅓ of their length, lobes triangular to oval, 2–3 × 2–2.3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; white, oblong petals, ca. 4 × 1–1.2 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with lepidote trichomes; stamens 15, filament 5–6 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.8–1 × 0.5–0.7 mm; nectariferous disc of 5 free segments, elliptic, glabrous. Sessile to subsessile pistillate flower, pedicel up to 1.5 mm long; sepals silvery to ferruginous, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes triangular, 3.0–4.3 × 1.6–2.3 mm, slightly reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals usually absent, when present they are yellow, filiform, up to 1 mm long, margins entire, apex acuminate, with simple trichomes; ovary spheroid, 2.5–3 mm diam., with lepidote trichomes; styles ascending, free, multipartite, up to 18 stigmatic tips, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; nectary disk of 5 free segments, elliptic, glabrous. Capsule golden to orange, spheroid, 5–8 mm diam., unlobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella up to 7 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to gray, obovoid, 5–6 × 3.5–4.0 mm, smooth, caruncle elliptic.</p><p>Vernacular names:— Marmeleiro, marmeleiro-amarelo.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton limae is endemic to the Caatinga domain (Gomes et al. 2010), occurring in Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Piauí (Caruzo et al. 2022) (fig. 9, a). It is found in sandy to clayey soils, in disturbed areas such as roadsides, but also in the interior of arboreal caatinga. It can form very dense populations, dominating the tree component of the areas where it occurs. Croton limae is classified as Least Concern (LC), for having a wide EOO (&gt; 345,000 km 2), an AOO of 208 km 2, and occurring in protected areas such as the Morro do Chapéu State Park (BA), the S„o Francisco River National Monument (BA), and Araripe-Apodi (CE). Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</p><p>Notes: — Croton limae is morphologically similar to C. tricolor by sharing a silver to ferruginous indumentum, ovate to oblong leaf blades, a terminal inflorescence, and staminate flowers with 10–15 stamens. In addition to their morphological similarities, these two species are occasionally found in the same environments. Croton limae can be distinguished from C. tricolor by its usually deciduous and narrowly triangular to linear stipules (vs. persistent, lanceolate to auriculate stipules in C. tricolor); brochidodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous); triangular sepals of the pistillate flower (vs. lanceolate to oblong); spheroid, unlobed capsules (vs. ovoid to obloid, 3-lobed); and seeds with smooth surfaces (vs. rugose surfaces).</p><p>Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Rio de Contas, 9 km da cidade, beira da estrada para Marcolina Moura, localidade do inst. do milênio, 13º60’44” S, 41º76’00” W, 23 January 2008, R. M . Harley 55788 (HUEFS) . Ceará: Aiuaba, Serra dos bois, Sítio Olho D’água, 10 April 1997, L. W . Lima-Verde 666 (HUEFS) . Paraíba: Monte Horebe, em direç„o a Mauriti (Ceará), 15 March 2000, Barbosa et al. 2025 (JPB). Pernambuco: Ipubí, 3 km da estrada Serrolândia—Crato, Chapada do Araripe, capoeira na beira da estrada, 7º73’33” S, 40º43’33” W, 15 February 1984, G . Fotius 3772 (HUEFS) . Piauí: Pio IX, Cova Donça, 21 February 1980, A . Fernandes et al. s.n. (EAC7962) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A.text	273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton micans Swartz 1800	<div><p>8. Croton micans Swartz (1800: 1185) .</p><p>Lectotype (designated by van Ee &amp; Berry 2009): Without locality, without date, O. Swartz s.n. (S [S06-20998!]) . Fig. 7 (f–k), 9 (a)</p><p>Croton bixoides Vahl (1807: 53) .— Oxydectes bixoides (Vahl) Kuntze (1891: 610) . Holotype:— MARTINIQUE: “ Habitat in America, in herb. Jussieui ”, without date, without collector (P [P00623616!]).</p><p>Croton choristolepis Urban (1919: 407) .— Holotype: TRINIDAD &amp; TOBAGO. Trinidad: without locality, without date, K. Finlay n. 2440 (NY [NY00246526!]).</p><p>Croton helicoideus M̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 97) .— Lectotype (designated by van Ee &amp; Berry 2009): VENEZUELA. Carabobo: 1845– 1846, N. Funck &amp; L. J. Schlim 563 (BR [BR 0000006998820!]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000926614!], W [W98538!], fragment at F [F00 56136F!]).</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub to small tree, 2–5 m tall; latex not seen; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, slightly striated, brown to greyish; trichomes stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules helicoidal, auriculate 0.2–0.7 × 0.1–0.8 cm, usually deciduous, with lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.5–1.5 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, ovate, 2–7.5 × 1–4 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with dentate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes, abaxial face shiny, light green to silver, with lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire, apex acute, venation actinodromous perfectly reticulate. Thyrses 3–10 cm long, terminal, with lepidote trichomes, peduncle ca. 0.5 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, solitary flowers; bracts deciduous, elliptic, 1–3.5 × 0.5–1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels 1–5 mm long; sepals silvery, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 2–3 × 1–2 mm, margins entire, apex acute, lepidote trichomes externally, glabrescent internally; petals white, oblong, 2–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate-lepidote trichomes internally; stamens 13–14, filament 3–4.5 mm long, anther long elliptic, ca. 1 × 0.8 mm; nectary disk of 5 free segments, elliptic, glabrous. Pistillate flower with pedicels 1–2 mm long; sepals green to silver, united for ⅟ 4 of their length, lobes ovate to long ovate, equal in size, 2–3 × 1.5–4 mm, reduplicated vertical and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally and internally; petals absent; ovary long ovoid to obloid, 1–2.5 × 2–2.8 mm, with lepidote trichomes; styles ascending, free, sometimes slightly united at the base, 4-partite to multipartite, 12–18 stigmatic tips, with lepidote trichomes; 5- lobed nectary disk, apex of lobes rounded, with lepidote trichomes. Capsule green silvery, obloid, 3–5 × 4–5.8 mm, 3- lobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella ca. 2.5 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ovoid, 2.6–3.0 × 2.2–2.5 mm, smooth, caruncle not seen.</p><p>Vernacular names: — Not found.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton micans can be found in the Antilles, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Gomes 2006, van Ee &amp; Berry 2009, Luján et al. 2015). We confirmed the occurrence of C. micans in Brazil, occurring in the Pantanal domain in areas of dry vegetation and roadsides in Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig. 9, a). It is commonly found in calcareous soils. Although with fragmented populations and an AOO of 228 km 2, Croton micans is classified here as of least concern (LC) because it has a wide EOO (&gt; 7,500,000 km 2) and is cultivated in many localities of other South American countries. On the other hand, populations in Brazil are scarce, and the species is not found in protected areas, but rather in areas that have been frequently impacted by anthropic actions. Flowering and fruiting from May to November.</p><p>Notes: — Croton micans is easily distinguished from other species of section Lasiogyne in Brazil by being the only species to present a leaf blade with silvery lepidote trichomes on both surfaces, actinodromous perfectly reticulate venation, the base sometimes recurved (Fig. 7, g), and helicoidal auriculate stipules.</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, 17 October 1984, C. A . Conceição 1640 (CEN); ibid, base do Cerro do Urucum, 23 km S de Corumbá, 22 November 1977, A. C . Allem 1458 (CEN) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A.text	273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton sacaquinha Croizat 1944	<div><p>9. Croton sacaquinha Croizat (1944: 456) .</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, 1935, circa urbem culta et subspon tanea, without date, W.A. Ducke 384 (A [A00047409!]; isotypes: K [K000254427!], NY [NY00262948!], R [R000055704!]) . Fig. 8 (l–p), 9 (a)</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub to tree, 0.3–10 m tall; latex not seen; branching sympodial, branches cylindrical, slightly striated, brown to reddish; trichomes stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules linear, ca. 0.4 cm long, usually deciduous, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4–1 cm long, with dentatelepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, lanceolate, 2.5–6 × 1–1.8 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with stellate-lepidote trichomes to glabrescent, abaxial face shiny, silver to ferruginous with stellate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, apex acute to narrowly acute, venation eucamptodromous, with 8–14 secondary veins. Thyrses 3–10 cm long, axillary, with stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote trichomes, peduncle 0.4–0.7 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, up to 2 staminate flowers, with solitary pistillate flowers; bracts linear, deciduous, ca. 2 mm long, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels ca. 2 mm long; sepals silver to yellowish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 1–2 × 0.6–1.4 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes externally, stellate internally; petals yellowish, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with simple trichomes; stamens 13–15 (17), filament 1.5–2.8 mm long, anther rounded, ca. 0.7–0.8 mm diam.; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with simple trichomes. Sessile to subsessile pistillate flower, pedicel up to 1 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, free, ovate, equal in size, rarely slightly unequal, 4–6 × 2.5–4 mm, slightly reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes externally, simple to stellate internally; petals yellow, oblong, 3–5 × 1–2 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; ovary spheroid, 3–3.7 mm diam., with stellate-lepidote trichomes; styles ascending, free, multipartite, up to 28 stigmatic tips, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule ferruginous, ovoid, 4–4.5 × 2–2.8 mm, 3-lobed, surface non-muricate, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; columella ca. 2 mm, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ellipsoid, 3–3.5 × 2.5 mm, surface rugose, caruncle elliptic.</p><p>Vernacular names: — Assacaca, cheira, macacaparonga, macapuanga piaçoca, piaçoquinha, piassaca sacaca, sacaquinha, and sacaca-fêmea.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton sacaquinha has been recorded for Guyana and Brazil (Gomes 2006). In the latter country, it occurs in the Amazon domain, being found on riverbanks in Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, and Pará (Caruzo et al. 2022) (Fig. 9, a). Croton sacaquinha has a small AOO (88 km 2), but has a wide EOO 1,946,556.747 km 2), occurs in areas of difficult access and is cultivated in some locations in the north of the country, in addition to have populations occurring in protected areas, such as the Jaú National Park (AM), the Amazon National Park (AM), the Verde Para Sempre Extractive Reserve (PA), and the Trombetas River (AM) and Lake Cuni„ Extractive Reserves (RR). For such reasons, we classify this species as of Least Concern (LC). Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.</p><p>Notes: — Croton sacaquinha can be easily distinguished by its sympodial branching, ferruginous to reddish indumentum (mainly on the petioles and younger branches), densely velutine petioles, lanceolate leaf blade, and as the only species with pistillate flowers with developed petals in the section Lasiogyne in Brazil.</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.066387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1552777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.066387/lat -1.1552777)">Novo Air</a> „o, Parque Nacional do Jaú, Rio Jaú, 22º8’33” S, 62º45’00” W, 2 June 1995, E. Rodrigues 37 (INPA). Pará: Oriximin„, Cachoeira Porteira, 1º09’19” S, 57º03’59” W, 2 July 1980, C . Davidson 10696 (INPA). Rondônia: Porto Velho, mata do km 14 da estrada de rodagem, 3 December 1949, N. T . Silva 395 (IAN) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE.text	273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton suassunae Y. Rossine & A. L. Melo 2020	<div><p>10. Croton suassunae Y. Rossine &amp; A. L. Melo (2020: 249) .</p><p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Rio de Contas, road to fazenda <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.756943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.627222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.756943/lat -13.627222)">Marion</a>, from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.756943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.627222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.756943/lat -13.627222)">Rio de Contas</a>, 13°37’38”S, 41°45’25”W, 912 m, 3 February 2004 (staminate), R. M. Harley et al. 54794 (UFP [UFP69262!]; isotypes: HUEFS [HUEFS80175!], K [K001184124!], ASE [ASE21976!], JPB [JPB56409!]) . Fig. 8 (a–f), 9 (b)</p><p>Description: —Dioecious shrub, 1.5–3 m tall; latex translucent to yellowish; branching sympodial, branches cylindrical, sometimes slightly striated, brown to ferruginous, with lepidote trichomes. Leaves alternate; stipules lanceolate, ca. 0.7 × 0.2 cm, usually deciduous, with lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.3–0.7 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, ovate to elliptic, 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with stellate to stellate-lepidote trichomes, or glabrous, abaxial face shiny, silver to ferruginous, with lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire, apex acute to narrowly acute, venation eucamptodromous, with 5–11 secondary veins; Thyrses 4–13 cm long (staminate) and 2–10 cm long (pistillate), axillary, with lepidote to stellate-lepidote trichomes, peduncles 0.6–1 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, up to 3 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts deciduous, lanceolate, 0.4–0.7 × 0.2–0.3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels 1.7–2 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, united for ⅔ of their length, ovate, ca. 1.3 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate-lepidote internally; yellow to golden petals, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 0.6 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with stellate trichomes; stamens 10–15, filament 1.5–2 mm long, anther elliptic, ca. 0.5 × 0.3 mm; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Pistillate flower with pedicels ca. 2 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, free, spatulate, equal in size, 2–2.5 × 0.5 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate-lepidote internally; petals yellow, narrowly triangular, ca. 0.8 × 0.3 mm, margins entire, apex narrowly acute, with stellatelepidote trichomes; ovary spheroid, ca. 2 × 2.3 mm, with lepidote trichomes, styles ascending, united at the base, 2-fid, 6 stigmatic tips, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with stellate-lepidote trichomes to glabrescent. Capsule silver to ferruginous, spheroid, 4–4.5 mm diam., unlobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella 2.8–3 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ellipsoid to long ellipsoid, 3.2 × 2.2–2.5 mm, smooth, caruncle elliptic.</p><p>Vernacular name: — Marmeleiro de touceira.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status and phenology: — Croton suassunae is native to the Caatinga domain, also occurring in transition areas between Caatinga and Cerrado, and Caatinga and Atlantic Forest (Rossine et al. 2020a). It is found in Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais (new record), Pernambuco and Piauí, in clayey and limestone soils, or on rocky outcrops (Fig. 9, b). This species was evaluated as of least concern (LC) by Rossine et al. (2020a); we keep that classification here. Although its small AOO (ca. 160 km 2), it has populations in environmental protection areas and areas of difficult access in terms of anthropization, such as cliffs and mountainous areas, and an EOO of 536,575.348 km 2. Flowering and fruiting from December to June.</p><p>Notes: — Croton suassunae stands out for being the only dioecious species in section Lasiogyne . It was a segregated from C. tricolor (Rossine et al. 2020a), and also resembles C. claussenianus, although it can be easily differentiated by having unisexual inflorescences and 2-fid styles (vs. bisexual and 2-partite); other characters are presented in the comments concerning C. claussenianus .</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, Comunidade Cristal, Buraco da Duda ou Burac „o, 11º82’86” S, 41º30’47” W, 19 May 2004, E . Melo 5612 (HUEFS). Ceará: Crato, Flona do Araripe, 28 April 1999, L. W . Lima-Verde 1343 (EAC). Minas Gerais: Medina, rod. BR-116, 10 km S de Medina, 20 November 1985, G . Hatschbach 50014 (MBM). Pernambuco: Ipubí, a 3 km de Serra Branca, 7º83’33” S, 40º46’66” W, 15 February 1984, G . Fotius 3764 (HUEFS). Piauí: Caracol, entrada do Parque, estrada à direita da guarita, área antropizada, 9º21’30” S, 43º46’61” W, 26 February 2011, E . Melo 9226 (HUEFS).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E.text	273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Croton tricolor Baillon 1864	<div><p>11. Croton tricolor Klotzsch ex Baillon (1864: 291) .</p><p>— Oxydectes tricolor (Klotzsch ex Baillon) Kuntze (1891: 613) .</p><p>Lectotype (first step designated by Gomes et al. [2010a: 907], second step designated by van Ee [2011: 31]):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: without locality, without date, A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire, cat C 1, n. 92 (P [P00634797!]; isolectotypes: A [A00303790!, A00303791!], F [F0077753F!], P [P00634794!, P00634795!]) . Fig. 8 (g–k), 9 (b)</p><p>Croton argyrophylloides M̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 96) .— Oxydectes argyrophylloides (M̧ller Argoviensis) Kuntze (1891: 611) . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Bahia: “ secus Rio Francisco ”, 1838, J.S. Blanchet 2835 (G [G00434466!]; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000008526595!], C [C 10011157!], F [F0BN005054!], G [G00311380!], P [P00634797!, P00634798!]).</p><p>Croton tricolor M ̧ller Argoviensis (1865: 96), nom. illeg. Holotype:— BRAZIL. “ In Brasilia meridional prope Facienda do Funil ”, 1836, Sellow B 2114, c 2077 (B [B10 0086878!]; isotypes: BR [BR0000008553065!], G [G00434660!], P [P00634796!]).</p><p>Croton rufo-argenteus M̧ller Argoviensis (1873: 135) .— Oxydectes rufoargentea (M̧ll. Arg.) Kuntze (1891: 612) . Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: “ Prope Funil ad Rio Paraopeba et ad Rio Macacos ”, 24 April 1866, J.E.B. Warming 1554 (C [C10011192!]; isolectotype: G [G00434621!]).</p><p>Description: —Monoecious shrub, 1.5–3 m tall; latex absent; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, brown to grayish; trichomes lepidote. Leaves alternate, stipules lanceolate to auriculate, 0.8–1 × 0.3–0.6 cm, usually persistent, with lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4–0.7 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, lanceolate, elliptic to long elliptic, rarely ovate, 2–11 × 0.5–3 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with stellate and stellate-lepidote trichomes to glabrescent, abaxial surface shiny, silver to ferruginous, with lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, venation eucamptodromous, with 8–14 secondary veins. Thyrses 1–30 cm long, terminal, with lepidote trichomes, peduncle 0.3–1.0 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, up to 3 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts linear to lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.2–0.5 mm, deciduous, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels ca. 3 mm long; sepals silvery to ferruginous, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes oval, 2 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate internally; petals silver to ferruginous, lanceolate, 2 × 0.6 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with trichomes lepidote, stellate internally; stamens 10–15, filament 1–2 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.4–0.7 × 0.3 mm; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Pistillate flower with pedicels 2–3 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, united for up to ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate to oblong, equal in size, 2–4 × 1 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals absent; ovary long ellipsoid to ovoid, 2–3.5 × 1.5–2, with lepidote trichomes; styles patent, free, multipartite, up to 24 stigmatic tips, with stellate trichomes; nectary disk 5-lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with stellate trichomes. Capsule green silvery to ferruginous, ovoid to subspheroid, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, 3-lobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella up to 4 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to greyish, with reddish to black spots, ellipsoid, 3.5 × 2 mm, papillose rugose, caruncle elliptic.</p><p>Vernacular names: —Alecrim de vaqueiro, folha de prata, capixigui-mirim.</p><p>Distribution and habitat, conservation status and phenology: — Croton tricolor occurs in Colombia, Brazil, and Venezuela (Gomes 2006, Luján et al. 2015), being most widely distributed in Brazil, occurring from northern Ceará to Paraná (Caruzo et al. 2022) (Fig. 9, b). It can be found in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains, reaching transition areas between those and the Cerrado. It is found in clayey soils, and mainly in montane forests, less frequently in anthropized areas such as roadsides. Besides its AOO (ca. 770 km 2), this species is classified here as of Least Concern (LC), based on its EOO (&gt; 9,600,000 km 2), and populations occurring in several protected areas. Flowering from November to April and fruiting from December to May.</p><p>Notes: — Croton tricolor can be easily recognized by its monopodial branching, in addition to its lanceolate to auriculate stipules, ovate to oblong sepals of the pistillate flower, and papillose rugose seed surface. Croton tricolor can be confused with C. limae and C. suassunae . Their distinguishing characters are cited in the notes concerning C. limae and C. suassunae .</p><p>Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Arapiraca, Serra das Mangabeiras, 9º75’55” S, 36º66’39” W, 31 May 2008, L. L. M . Barbosa 23 (MAC). Bahia: Abaíra, without further locality, 13º31’66”67 S, 41º86’66” W, 5 February 1994, W . Ganev 2968 (HUEFS) . Ceará: Crato, Chapada do Araripe, 11 January 1989, A . Fernandes &amp; J. F . Matos s.n. (EAC15883) . Espírito Santo: Linhares, without further locality, 4 January 2017, D. A . Folli 7526 (CVRD) . Minas Gerais: Igarapé, Próximo a Serra do Itatiaiçu, 20 December 1999, A . Salino 5010 (SP) . Paraíba: Maturéia, topo do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-37.646114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.4252777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -37.646114/lat -7.4252777)">Pico do Jabre</a>, 7º25’31” S, 37º38’46” W, 5 May 2010, D. Araújo 1553 (HVASF) . Paraná: Querênia do Norte, RPPN Santa Mariana, 22º92’59” S, 53º45’41” W, 19 January 2011, G. O. Landgraf 122 (HUEM). Pernambuco: Exu, Chapada do Araripe, 7º73’33” S, 40º23’33” W, 16 February 1984, G . Fotius 3783 (HUEFS) . Rio Grande do Norte: Martins, Sitio do Sr. Clesinho, 29 April 2012, J. G . Jardim 6208 (HURB). S „ o Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio, 21 February 2005, M. B. R . Caruzo &amp; L. R . Mendonça 85 (SP) . Sergipe: Poço Redondo, Serra da Guia, 9º80’52” S, 37º68’41” W, 3 March 2010, W. J . Machado et al. 216 (ASE) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Rossine, Yuri;Melo, André Laurênio De;Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria;Sales, Margareth Ferreira De	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
