taxonID	type	description	language	source
273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — VENEZUELA. Sucre: Manicuare, 1800, A. J. A. von Humboldt & F. W. H. A. Bonpland 1217 (P [P 00669843!]; isotype: B [B-W 17899 - 010!]). Fig. 4 (a – e); 6 (a)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub, 1 – 4 m tall; latex yellow; branching sympodial, branches cylindrical, slightly striated, brown to greyish; trichomes stellate-lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules linear to lanceolate, 4 – 5 × 0.1 – 0.6 mm long, usually deciduous, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4 – 1 cm long, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, lanceolate to elliptic, 3 – 9 × 1 – 3.5 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face light green to dark green with stellate to stellate-lepidote trichomes, sometimes dentate-lepidote to lepidote, abaxial face shiny, silvery to yellowish, with stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote trichomes, rarely stellate-porrect, base rounded to slightly cordate, margins entire, apex acute, acuminate or rounded, rarely mucronate, venation eucamptodromous, with 6 – 14 secondary veins. Thyrses 5 – 15 cm long, terminal, with stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote trichomes, cymules unisexual, peduncle 0.5 – 1 cm long; cymules lax, solitary flowers; bracts deciduous, lanceolate, sometimes 3 - lobed, two lateral lobes smaller inconspicuous, 2 – 3.5 × 0.5 – 1.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicel 1 – 3.5 mm long; sepals silver, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes triangular to ovate, 2 – 3 × 1 – 2 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals white, lanceolate, 3 – 3.5 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes simple; stamens 12 – 18, filament 2 – 3.5 mm long, anther long ovate, 1 × 0.8 mm; nectary disk 5 - partite, apex of lobes rounded, with lepidote trichomes. Pistillate flower with pedicel 1 – 2 mm long; sepals greenish to silver, united up to ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, equal in size, 3 – 6 × 2 – 4 mm, reduplicated vertically and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes lepidote externally, stellate-lepidote to glabrescent internally; petals absent; ovary long ovoid, 2 – 3 × 2 mm, with lepidote trichomes; styles ascending, multifid, slightly united at the base, 14 – 18 stigmatic tips, with lepidote trichomes; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with lepidote trichomes. Capsule silvery green, ovoid to obloid, 5 – 6.5 × 4.5 – 5.5, 3 - lobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella up to 4.5 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to gray, ovoid to elliptic, 4 – 5 × 2.8 – 3.2 mm, smooth, caruncle reniform.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — Velame prateado, velame falso, velame mirim, sacatinga, cassatinga.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Species distributed through Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela (Gomes 2006, Carneiro-Torres 2009). In Brazil, it occurs in the Caatinga and Amazon domains, and more rarely in dry and anthropized areas within the Atlantic Forest domain (Caruzo et al. 2022). Their populations are always associated with xeric environments, preferentially in sandy or sandy-stony soils, more rarely in clayey soils. Up until now, it has been recorded only for Rondônia and Roraima (northern region) and all of the northeastern (Caruzo et al. 2022). The present study brings Croton argyrophyllus as a new record for Acre (northern) and Minas Gerais (southeastern) (Fig. 6, a), occurring in Amazonian savanna and anthropized areas. Croton argyrophyllus has a wide EOO (> 11,000,000 km 2) and an AOO of <750 km 2. Despite its AOO, this species is evaluated here as of Least Concern (LC), as it has a wide EOO and is present in several environmental protection areas. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton argyrophyllus can be confused with C. sacaquinha or C. tricolor due to the general appearance of its lanceolate leaves with a shiny abaxial surface. It can, however, be easily distinguished by its total lack of the ferruginous trichomes seen on C. sacaquinha and C. tricolor. M ̧ ller Argoviensis (1865, 1873) misinterpreted C. micans Swartz (1800: 1185), and described some species and the varieties using that name that are actually all C. argyrophyllus. That error resulted in large numbers of specimens of C. argyrophyllus in herbarium are still identified as C. micans. Van Ee & Berry (2009), however, demonstrate the true identity of C. micans and discussed the history of this species, which differed from that interpreted by M ̧ ller Argoviensis. Gomes (2006) admitted C. nervosus as a species distinct from C. argyrophyllus based on the shape and indumentum of the nectary disk of the staminate flower and the type of trichome on the adaxial surface of the leaf blade. Gomes et al. (2010) subsequently proposed C. schomburgkianus as a new name for C. nervosus, and continued to recognize it as different from C. argyrophyllus. Van Ee (2011) recognized those species as synonyms. We agree with van Ee (2011) that the characters used by Gomes (2006) to distinguish C. argyrophyllus from C. schomburgkianus are insufficient to differentiate two species. A more integrative approach may even reveal them as distinct, but we recognize C. argyrophyllus here as a polymorphic, widely distributed species that has subtle and continuous variations along its distribution.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFD8101281E4E30CFCD95916.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Acre: Rio Branco, Faz. S „ o Bento, 3 September 1951, Black 51 (IAN). Alagoas: Mata Grande, Serra da Boa Vista, 09 º 04 ’ 80 ” S, 37 º 71 ’ 80 ” W, 2 June 2001, R. P. Lyra-Lemos 5670 (HST, HUEFS). Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, Serra da Babilônia, 11 º 05 ’ 43 ” S, 41 º 16 ’ 19 ” W, without date, E. Antunes 614 (HUEFS). Maranh „ o: S „ o Mateus do Maranh „ o, Fazenda do Senhor Miguel Pacheco, Km 137 of BR- 132, 04 º 00 ’ S, 44 º 50 ’ W, 27 September 1980, D. C. Dally 318 (INPA). Paraíba: Monteiro, propriedade de Zé do Boá, Faz. Olho D’água dos Silva, 07 º 87 ’ 67 ” S, 37 º 22 ’ 84 ” W, 13 May 2005, J. G. Carvalho-Sobrinho 2196 (HVASF). Pernambuco: Buíque, Faz. Laranjeiras, 8 º 62 ’ 50 ” S, 37 º 15 ’ 41 ” W, 22 February 1996, K. Andrade et al. 308 (PEUFR). Rio Grande do Norte: Martins, Sítio do Sr. Clesinho, entrada na saída para Umarizal, ca. 2 Km da entrada, 29 April 2012, J. G. Jardim et al. 6208 (JPB). Rondônia: Rio Crespo, Faz. De Santa Adelaide, 07 December 1981, J. G. Kuhlmann 6618 (CEPEC). Roraima: Boa Vista, estrada BR- 174 na beira do rio Caomé, 02 º 83 ’ 33 ” S, 60 º 66 ’ 66 ” W, 5 August 1986, J. A. C. Silva 623 (INPA). Sergipe: Canindé de S „ o Francisco, Faz. Jerimum, Mata ciliar do baixo curso do Rio S „ o Francisco, 09 º 37 ’ 87 ” S, 37 º 43 ’ 53 ” W, 29 March 2005, D. Coelho 661 (UFP).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021): — BRAZIL. Bahia: without locality, 1840, J. S. Blanchet 3094 (P [P 00623615!]; isolectotypes: A [A 00257891!], BR [BR 0000008550774!], C [C 10011159!], F [F 0077750 F!], G [G 00434455!, G 00434456!, G 00311389!], K [K 000186158!, K 000186159!], MA [MA 249946!], NY [NY 00246515!], P [P 00623612!, P 00623613!, P 00623614!], TUB [TUB 009093!]). Fig. 4 (f – j), 6 (a)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub, 1.5 – 8 m tall; latex translucent; monopodial branching, branches cylindrical, yellowish green to greyish; trichomes stellate-lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules lanceolate to auriculate, 0.4 – 1.5 × 0.1 – 1.8 cm, usually persistent, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.3 – 2.5 cm long, with stellatelepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, ovate to oval-lanceolate, 1.2 – 12.5 × 1 – 6 cm, slightly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with stellate-lepidote trichomes, abaxial face opaque, light green to gray, with stellate to stellate-lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, rarely mucronate, venation eucamptodromous, with 6 – 20 secondary veins. Thyrses 3 – 12 cm long, terminal, with stellate-lepidote trichomes, peduncle 0.2 – 1.5 cm long; cymules unisexual, congested, with up to 2 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts deciduous, linear, 2 – 5 × 0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicel 3 – 7 mm long; sepals greenish to yellowish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 2 – 2.5 × 1.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes externally, stellate internally; petals white, ovate, 2 – 3 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with simple trichomes externally, glabrous internally; stamens 15 – 18, filament 2 – 3 mm long, anther long elliptic, ca. 0.8 × 0.5 mm; nectary disk with 5 free segments, ovate, glabrous. Pistillate flower with pedicel 1.0 – 1.5 mm long; sepals green, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, equal in size, 5 – 7 × 4 – 5 mm, reduplicated vertically or both vertical and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes stellate-lepidote externally, stellate-lepidote to glabrescent internally; petals absent; ovary spheroid to obloid, 2 – 2.5 × 2 – 3, trichomes stellate-lepidote to lepidote; styles ascending, multifid, united into a column for 3 / 4 of their length, 18 – 20 stigmatic tips, trichomes stellate; nectary disk of 5 free segments, elliptic, glabrous. Capsule green to yellowish, subspheroid to spheroid, 4 – 6 × 3 – 4 mm, 3 - lobed, surface non-muricate, trichomes lepidote; columella up to 4 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to black, ellipsoid to ovoid, 4 – 5 × 3.5 – 3.8, smooth, caruncle reniform.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular name: — Marmeleiro.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton blanchetianus is restricted to the Caatinga domain (Gomes 2006, Carneiro-Torres 2009) and is found in all northeastern region except Maranh „ o and Minas Gerais (Fig. 6, a). It is certainly one of the most abundant species in the Caatinga domain, together with C. heliotropiifolius Kunth, Bonpland & Humboldt (1817: 83), which belongs to section Adenophylli Grisebach (1864: 40). It prefers open areas and the edges of forest fragments, being found mainly in clayey and stony soils, although it can also be found in sandy soils and on rocky outcrops. It has been recorded in xeric formations, anthropized areas, and along the edges of montane forests (Gomes 2006, Carneiro-Torres 2009, Silva et al. 2010, Caruzo et al. 2022). Croton blanchetianus has an EOO of> 850,000 km 2, and an AOO of 1,628 km 2. This species is classified as Least Concern (LC), due to its wide EOO and its dense populations that are often the only shrub component in some areas. It flowers and fruits from October to July.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton blanchetianus can be confused with C. floribundus, mainly because of its leaf morphology and stellate-lepidote to lepidote indumentum. Croton blanchetianus can easily be differentiated, however, mainly by a shrubby habit (vs. tree in C. floribundus), ascending styles with 18 – 20 stigmatic tips, united in a column for most of their length (vs. patent, free to slightly united at the base, and with 24 – 36 stigmatic tips), and non-muricate capsule (vs. muricate).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDC101381E4E707FD285982.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Piranhas, Fazenda Serrote, 9 º 37 ’ 26 ” S, 37 º 45 ’ 24 ” W, 6 July 2012, A. S. Dias 3 (ASE). Bahia: Canudos, Estaç „ o Biológica de Canudos, 10 º 01 ’ 66 ” S, 39 º 15 ’ 00 ” W, 16 February 2003, F. H. M. Silva 294 (HUEFS). Minas Gerais: Mato Verde, margens da rodovia Mato Verde — Monte Azul, (BR- 122), 15 º 33 ’ 52 ” S, 42 º 89 ’ 02 ” W, 31 March 2003, J. R. Pirani 5372 (SPF). Paraíba: Taperoá, estrada de Teperoá em direç „ o à S „ o José dos Cordeiros, 7 º 20 ’ 75 ” S, 36 º 82 ’ 66 ” W, 22 January 1993, S. I. Silva 29 (PEUFR). Pernambuco: Cabrobó, Serra do Monte Santo, Adutora da Compesa, 8 º 30 ’ 80 ” S, 39 º 22 ’ 61 ” W, 9 April 2014, A. P. Fontana 7978 (HUEFS). Piauí: Oeiras, estrada Oeiras para Picos, ca. 5 km da cidade de Oeiras, 6 º 97 ’ 22 ” S, 42 º 08 ’ 52 ” W, 25 January 2014, B. M. T. Walter 6623 (HUEFS). Rio Grande do Norte: Mossoró, Campus ESAM, 5 º 11 ’ 31 ” S, 37 º 20 ’ 40 ” W, 9 May 1978, O. F. Oliveira 587 (MOSS). Sergipe: Santana do S „ o Francisco, Povoado Saúde, 10 º 17 ’ 28 ” S, 36 º 36 ’ 28 ” W, 26 February 2010, A. P. Prata et al. 2233 (ASE).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2020 b): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, without further locality, 1841, P. C. D. Claussen 1574 (P [P 00623106!]; isolectotypes: P [P 00623108!, P 00623107!], A [A 00257907!], NY [NY 0046528!]). Fig. 4 (k – o), 6 (a)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub, 1 – 2 m tall; latex not seen; monopodial branching, branches cylindrical, brown to ferruginous; trichomes dentate-lepidote to lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules narrowly lanceolate or 3 - lobed, 0.3 – 0.5 × 0.1 – 0.2 cm, usually persistent, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4 – 1 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, elliptic to oval, 3 – 6.5 × 1.5 – 3 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with simple trichomes 2 – 5 - radiate and dentate-lepidote, abaxial surface shiny, silver to ferruginous with dentatelepidote trichomes, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, venation brochidodromous, with 6 – 9 secondary veins. Thyrse 4 – 8 cm long, terminal or axillary, trichomes dentate-lepidote to lepidote, peduncle ca. 1 cm long; cymules unisexual, congested, reduced to solitary flowers; bracts persistent, 3 - lobed, with two smaller and inconspicuous lateral lobes, 2 – 2.2 × 0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes stellate-lepidote to dentatelepidote. Staminate flower with pedicel ca. 1 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes triangular to ovate, 1 – 1.3 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, trichomes stellate-lepidote externally, simple internally; petals white, oblong, ca. 1 × 0.4 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, trichomes simple; stamens 5 – 6, filament up to 1.3 mm long, anther elliptic, ca. 0.5 × 0.3 mm; nectary disk of 5 free segments, ovate, glabrous. Pistillate flower with pedicel up to 2 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, free, oboval, slightly unequal in size, 3 – 5.5 × 1.3 – 3 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals white to yellowish, transformed into filiform glands, ca. 0.8 mm long, margins entire, apex rounded, glabrous; ovary spheroid, 2.5 – 2.8 mm diam., trichomes lepidote; styles ascending, free, 2 - partite, 6 stigmatic tips, trichomes lepidote; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule yellow to orangish, spheroid, 4 – 4.5 mm diam., not lobed, surface non-muricate, trichomes dentate-lepidote to lepidote; columella ca. 3 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ellipsoid, ca. 4.0 × 2.8 mm, rugose, caruncle reniform.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — not found.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton claussenianus is a rupicolous species, restricted to the Cerrado (Rossine et al. 2020 b), and found only in the municipalities of Pedro Leopoldo and Matozinhos, Minas Gerais (Fig. 6, a). It is found growing on limestone outcrops (Rossine et al. 2020 b). This species is classified here as endangered (EN), based on its restricted EOO (2,085 km 2) and AOO (12 km 2), applying in the criteria B 1, B 2 a, B 2 c (ii, iii) (IUCN 2022). Only two recent collected specimens were found during this study, and none individual were found during our field expeditions. Flowering and fruiting in January and February.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton claussenianus can be confused with C. tricolor by the general appearance of its leaves and branches, but they can be easily distinguished, as discussed by Rossine et al. (2020 b). C. claussenianus is also morphologically close to C. suassunae, sharing strongly bifacial leaves, a silvery to ferruginous indumentum, axillary inflorescences, capsule spheroid, and styles with 6 stigmatic tips. C. claussenianus, however, can be distinguished from C. suassunae by having simple to radiate or dentate-lepidote trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface (vs. trichomes stellate to stellate-lepidote in C. suassunae), brochidodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous), 5 – 6 stamens (vs. 10 – 15), nectary disk with 5 free segments in the staminate flower (vs. 5 - lobed), sepals of the pistillate flower oboval and slightly unequal in size (vs. spatulate and equal), yellow to orangish capsule (vs. silver to ferruginous), and seeds with a rugose surface, with a reniform caruncle (vs. smooth surface with an elliptic caruncle).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDD101081E4E7FBFC2258BA.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Pedro Leopoldo, Lapa do Baú, 19 º 32 ’ 53 ” S, 43 º 59 ’ 20 ” W, 12 February 2015, N. C. Moreira et al. 177 (BHCB, HEPH); ibid, Matozinhos, Haras Veredas, proximidades do povoado S „ o Bento. Morro com afloramentos de calcário em paredıes, grandes fendas e campos de lapiás, 19 º 43 ’ 05 ” S, 44 º 03 ’ 52 ” W, 20 January 2017, P. H. A. Melo et al. 6026 (HUEFS).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by van Ee 2011: 30): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: without further locality, 1767, P. Commerson s. n. (P [P-LA 382064!, upper sheet]; isolectotypes: F [F 00970409!], FI [FI 011652!], MPU [MPU 14777!], P [P 00493370!, P 00493371!, P 00674046!, P-JU 16345]). Fig. 5 (a – e), 6 (b)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub, 1.5 – 3 m tall; latex not seen; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, slightly striated, brown to light green; trichomes stellate. Leaves alternate; stipules linear 0.1 – 0.3 cm long, usually deciduous, with stellate trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.8 – 1.5 cm long, with stellate trichomes; leaf blade membranous, lanceolate, 5.5 – 10 × 2.5 – 4, slightly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with stellate trichomes, abaxial face opaque, light green with stellate trichomes, base rounded, margins entire, apex acute, venation brochidodromous, with 11 – 16 secondary veins. Thyrses 7 – 21 cm long, terminal, with stellate trichomes, peduncle ca. 1 cm long; cymules unisexual, congested, staminate up to 2 flowers, pistillate solitary; bracts persistent, lanceolate to oblong, 1 – 1.3 × 0.3 – 0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicel 4 – 5 mm long; sepals greenish to yellowish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 3 – 4.5 × 1.8 – 2.3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals white to yellowish, elliptic to oblong, 2.7 – 3.3 × 1 – 1.5 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with simple and stellate trichomes; stamens 15, filament 2 – 3 mm long, anther rounded, ca. 1 mm diam.; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Pistillate flower sessile to subsessile, pedicel up to 1 mm long; sepals light green, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 2.7 – 3.2 × 1 – 1.5 mm, equal in size, reduplicated horizontally or vertically and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes externally, glabrescent internally; petals absent; ovary ovoid to obloid, ca. 2 × 2.3 – 2.5 mm, with stellate trichomes; styles ascending, free, multipartite, 18 – 22 stigmatic tips, with stellate trichomes; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule green, ovoid or spheroid to subspheroid, 3.5 – 4.0 × 3.0 mm, 3 - lobed, surface non-muricate, with stellate trichomes; columella ca. 2 mm long, entire, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ellipsoid, 2.2 – 2.7 × 2 – 2.3 mm, papillose-rugose, caruncle elliptic.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — Cróton.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton compressus occurs in the Atlantic Forest domain, restricted to southeastern Brazil, occurring in restinga vegetation and on rocky outcrops; it was recorded by Caruzo & Cordeiro (2007) in Rio de Janeiro and S „ o Paulo, and recently in Espírito Santo (Caruzo et al. 2022) (Fig. 6, b). Croton compressus has an EOO of 36,810.023 km 2 and an AOO of 112 km 2. Based on the restricted AOO, and because it occurs in areas that are constantly impacted by humans, such as restinga vegetation and mountainous coastal areas, this species is classified here as Near Threatened (NT). Flowering and fruiting from October to May.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton compressus is morphologically similar to C. jacobinensis, sharing a stellate indumentum, shrubby habit, prominent venation on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade, and the similar general appearances of their fruits and seeds. Croton compressus can be distinguished from C. jacobinensis, however, mainly by having linear stipules (vs. lanceolate to flabelliform), leaf blade lanceolate (vs. cordiform), sepals of the pistillate flower reduplicated horizontally, glabrous internally (vs. reduplicated horizontally and vertically, densely velutinous internally), and ascending styles (vs. patent styles). In addition to its morphology, C. compressus is restricted to the coast of the Southeastern region of Brazil, in restinga environments, also occurring in rocky outcrops; C. jacobinensis occurs in the Northeastern region of the country and in northern of Minas Gerais (Southeast) in the Caatinga domain and in transition areas between the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDE101181E4E693FE21586C.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — Espírito Santo: Guarapari, afloramento rochoso entre Peracanga e Bacutia, 20 º 73 ’ 40 ” S, 40 º 52 ’ 85 ” W, 7 June 2015, A. C. S. Dal 350 (VIES). Rio de Janeiro: Armaç „ o de Búzios, Bairro da Rasa, Sítio Tauá, 8 January 2002, R. C. C. Reis 225 (CEPEC). S „ o Paulo: S „ o Sebasti „ o, Ilha dos Alcatrazes, 11 December 1990, L. Rossi & M. Adair 1090 (SP).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC.taxon	materials_examined	Neotype (designated by Caruzo & Cordeiro 2007: 578): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: without further locality, without date, F. Sellow 171 (SP [SP 001046!]). Fig. 5 (f – j), 6 (b)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious tree, 3 – 20 m tall; latex translucent to orangish; monopodial branching, branches cylindrical, sometimes slightly striated, brown to grayish brown, trichomes stellate-lepidote, dendritic on young branches. Leaves alternate; stipules long-lanceolate, 0.5 – 0.8 × 0.3 cm, usually deciduous, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 1 – 5 cm long, with stellate-lepidote to dendritic trichomes, sometimes very condensed; leaf blade chartaceous, long ovate to lanceolate, 3 – 19 × 1.7 – 8 cm, slightly bifacial, adaxial surface dark green with 2 – 5 radiated stellate trichomes on veins, abaxial surface opaque, yellowish to light green, with stellate, stellate-lepidote, or dentatelepidote trichomes, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute; venation eucamptodromous, with 15 – 24 secondary veins. Thyrses 10 – 32 cm long, axillary or terminal, with dentate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes, peduncle 1 – 3 cm long, cymules unisexual, lax, with up to 3 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts deciduous, linear, sometimes 3 - lobed, two smaller lateral lobes inconspicuous, ca. 2 × 0.2 – 0.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with dentate-lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicel up to 3 mm long; sepals greenish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 3 – 4 × 3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with dentate-lepidote trichomes externally, glabrescent internally; petals white to greenish, ovate to elliptic, 2.5 – 3 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, trichomes simple; stamens 12 – 15, filament 2 – 2.5 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.8 – 1 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm; nectary disk 5 - lobed, almost entire, apex of lobes rounded, trichomes stellate-lepidote. Pistillate flower with pedicel 5 – 7 mm long; sepals green, free, long ovate to ovate, equal in size, rare slightly unequal, 4 – 7 × 3 – 4 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with stellate-lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals yellow to brown, filiform, ca. 1 mm long, margins entire, apex acute, with trichomes stellate-lepidote; ovary spheroid to obloid, 3 – 4 × 2 – 3.5 mm, with dentate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes, styles patent, free, multipartite, 24 – 36 (– 40) stigmatic tips, with stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote trichomes; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule green to yellowish, spheroid to obloid, 7 – 25 × 1 – 28 mm, 3 - lobed, muricate surface, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; columella up to 13 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to black, ellipsoid, 5 – 15.5 × 3.5 – 10 mm, papillose-rugose, caruncle long ovate.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — Capixingui, cambará-de-lixa, itapexingui, lava-prato, velame-de-capoeira, marmeleiro, marmeleiro preto, marmeleiro bravo and tapexingui.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton floribundus is widely distributed in Brazil and reaches Paraguay (Gomes 2006, Santos et al. 2017). It occurs from the northern Ceará to Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig. 6, b). This species occupies a wide variety of environments within the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest domains, such as riparian and gallery forests, mountain, ombrophilous and semi-deciduous vegetation, as well as degraded areas. It is found mainly in clayey or humus soils. Croton floribundus is considered of Least Concern (LC), having a wide EOO (> 3,300,000 km 2) and AOO (1,600 km 2), and occurring in several environmental protection areas. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton floribundus can be easily identified by its tree habit, dendritic trichomes on young branches and petioles, long inflorescences, and muricate capsules. Although it can be confused with some tree species from other sections, C. floribundus is one of the few trees of the genus occurring in the Atlantic Forest that does not have acropetiolar or basilaminar glands. It is morphologically close to C. blanchetianus; the distinctions between them are presented in the notes on C. blanchetianus.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFDF100E81E4E6C0FDE858AC.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Uni „ o dos Palmares, Faz. Santo Antônio, 13 April 1968, I. Pontual 824 (PEUFR). Bahia: Itacaré, Rodovia Ubaitaba, Plantaç „ o de cacau, 14 º 27 ’ 78 ” S, 38 º 99 ’ 67 ” W, 5 January 1967, R. P. Belém 2961 (NY). Ceará: Guaramiranga, Pico Alto, Sítio Gameleira, 23 January 2008, E. S. Rocha s. n. (HUEFS 138381). Espírito Santo: Castelo, without date, R. Goldenberg 1276 (CEPEC). Mato Grosso do Sul: Bataguassu, estrada Bataguassu — Anaurilândia, 15 October 1998, A. Amaral Júnior s. n. (VIC 23690). Minas Gerais: Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 17 December 1988, L. Krieger s. n. (CESJ 23345). Paraíba: Natuba, remanescente de Mata Atlântica, 12 January 2001, M. R. Barbosa et al. 1870 (JPB). Paraná: Jundiaí do Sul, Faz. Monte Verde, 23 November 2000, J. Carneiro 826 (MBM). Pernambuco: S „ o Benedito do Sul, Igarapeba, Mijada da véia, 11 January 1994, A. M. Miranda s. n. (ALCB 027815). Rio de Janeiro: Parti-Mirim, Faz. De Paraty-Mirim, 1 December 1998, L. G. Giordano et al. 535 (MBM). S „ o Paulo: Campinas, Sub-distrito de Souzas, Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, 22 November 1996, K. Santos 164 (UEC).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Rossine et al. 2021): — BRAZIL. Bahia: Jacobina, 1845, J. S. Blanchet 3661 (P [P 00623531!]; isolectotypes: G [G 00311368!, G 00434516!], P [P 00623530!], F [F 0093327 F!], K [K 000253581!], MA [MA 249987!]). Fig. 5 (k – o), 6 (b)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub, 1 – 3 m tall; latex translucent; monopodial branching, branches cylindrical, green to brown; trichomes stellate. Leaves alternate; stipules flabelliform to auriculate, less common lanceolate, 0.5 – 2.5 × 0.2 – 3.8 cm, usually persistent, with stellate trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.5 – 6 cm long, with stellate trichomes; leaf blade membranous, cordiform, 4 – 28 × 2 – 20 cm, slightly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with stellate trichomes, abaxial face opaque, light green to gray with stellate trichomes, base cordate, margins entire, apex acute, venation eucamptodromous, with 6 – 12 secondary veins. Thyrses 5 – 18 cm long, terminal, with stellate trichomes, peduncle 0.5 – 1.5 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, solitary flowers; bracts persistent, lanceolate, sometimes 3 - lobed, two smaller lateral lobes inconspicuous, 3 – 4 × 2 – 2.5 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels 2.5 – 5 mm long; sepals greenish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 3 – 3.5 × 2 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals white, ovate to oblong, 3 – 4 × 1.5 – 2 mm, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with simple trichomes externally, glabrous internally; stamens 14 – 17, filament ca. 2 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.4 – 0.8 × 0.2 – 0.4 mm; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Pistillate flower with pedicels 0.5 – 2 mm long; sepals green, united for ⅟ 4 of their length, lobes ovate to long ovate, equal in size, 4.5 – 8 × 2 – 5 mm, reduplicated vertically or both vertically and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes externally and internally; petals absent; ovary spheroid to obloid, 2 – 3.5 × 2 – 3.8 mm, with stellate trichomes; styles patent, rarely ascending, free, multipartite, up to 24 stigmatic tips, with stellate trichomes; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule light green, ovoid or spheroid to obloid, 4 – 6 × 4 – 7 mm, 3 - lobed, rarely unlobed, surface non-muricate, with stellate trichomes; columella up to 5 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to gray, spheroid, 3.5 – 4.5 × 3.5 – 4.5 mm, rugose, caruncle elliptic.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — Marmeleiro branco, marmeleiro do brejo, marmeleiro de orelha.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton jacobinensis is endemic to the Caatinga domain (Carneiro-Torres 2009), reaching transition areas between the Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest (Caruzo et al. 2022). It occurs in Minas Gerais and in northeastern Brazil (except for Alagoas and Maranh „ o) (Fig. 6, b). C. jacobinensis is associated with the less xeric Caatinga environments, being frequently found in montane forests, higher altitude areas, and more rarely in anthropized sites, preferably in clayey soils. Although with a small AOO (424 km 2), C. jacobinensis is classified as of Least Concern (LC), based on its EOO (810,851.066 km 2) and its occurrence in several protected areas in the northeastern region of Brazil and in montane forests that have suffered little human impact. Flowering from November to May and fruiting from December to May.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton jacobinensis can be identified by having lanceolate to flabelliform stipules, cordiform leaves, and the vertically and horizontally reduplicated sepals of its pistillate flower. It can be confused with C. compressus (the distinctions are presented in the comments concerning the latter species).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC0100F81E4E699FD645B9A.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Lagedo do Tabocal, ca. 8 km em direç „ o a Maracás, 25 February 2000, R. P. Oliveira 337 (HUEFS). Ceará: Crateús, RPPN Serra das Almas - sede, 5 º 14 ’ 71 ” S, 40 º 92 ’ 72 ” W, 14 January 2017, H. M. Meneses 79 (EAC). Minas Gerais: Caraça, without date, Gounelle s. n. (P 05509550). Paraíba: Jacaraú, Timbó, Riacho do meio, 5 Mar. 2016, E. M. Almeida 1579 (HUEFS). Pernambuco: Carpina, 11 January 2007, L. P. Felix 11478 (HUEFS). Piauí: Piracuruca, estrada administrativa, 2 February 2002, A. Carvalho 91 (UEC). Rio Grande do Norte: Baia Formosa, próximo a entrada de Barra do Cunhaú, ca. 8 km da cidade, 6 º 21 ’ 07 ” S, 35 º 06 ’ 22 ” W, 2 November 2007, R. C. Oliveira et al. 2037 (MOSS).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Andaraí, Pai Inácio, N da estrada entre Andaraí e Lençóis, 12 ° 30 ’ S, 41 ° 30 ’ W, 18 February 1997, M. L. Guedes et al. 5857 (HUEFS [HUEFS 63180!]; isotypes: ALCB [2 x ALCB 37462!], CEPEC, IBGE, MO, NY, PEUFR). Fig. 7 (a – e), 9 (a)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub to tree, 2 – 10 m tall; latex yellow; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, brown to yellowish; trichomes dentate-lepidote to lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules linear to narrowly lanceolate, 0.5 – 1.3 × 0.3 – 0.5 cm long, usually deciduous, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical to slightly striated, 1 – 4 cm long, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, ovate to elliptic, 3.0 – 15.5 × 1.5 – 10, strongly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with stellate to stellate-lepidote or glabrescent trichomes, abaxial face shiny, silver to ferruginous with lepidote trichomes, base rounded, rarely cordate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, venation brochidodromous with 8 – 15 secondary veins. Thyrses 5 – 26 cm long, terminal, with dentate-lepidote trichomes, peduncle ca. 1 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, reduced to solitary flowers; bracts persistent, ovate to triangular, 0.7 – 2 × 0.4 – 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels 3 – 8 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, joined up to ⅓ of their length, lobes triangular to oval, 2 – 3 × 2 – 2.3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; white, oblong petals, ca. 4 × 1 – 1.2 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with lepidote trichomes; stamens 15, filament 5 – 6 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.8 – 1 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm; nectariferous disc of 5 free segments, elliptic, glabrous. Sessile to subsessile pistillate flower, pedicel up to 1.5 mm long; sepals silvery to ferruginous, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes triangular, 3.0 – 4.3 × 1.6 – 2.3 mm, slightly reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals usually absent, when present they are yellow, filiform, up to 1 mm long, margins entire, apex acuminate, with simple trichomes; ovary spheroid, 2.5 – 3 mm diam., with lepidote trichomes; styles ascending, free, multipartite, up to 18 stigmatic tips, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; nectary disk of 5 free segments, elliptic, glabrous. Capsule golden to orange, spheroid, 5 – 8 mm diam., unlobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella up to 7 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to gray, obovoid, 5 – 6 × 3.5 – 4.0 mm, smooth, caruncle elliptic.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — Marmeleiro, marmeleiro-amarelo.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton limae is endemic to the Caatinga domain (Gomes et al. 2010), occurring in Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Piauí (Caruzo et al. 2022) (fig. 9, a). It is found in sandy to clayey soils, in disturbed areas such as roadsides, but also in the interior of arboreal caatinga. It can form very dense populations, dominating the tree component of the areas where it occurs. Croton limae is classified as Least Concern (LC), for having a wide EOO (> 345,000 km 2), an AOO of 208 km 2, and occurring in protected areas such as the Morro do Chapéu State Park (BA), the S „ o Francisco River National Monument (BA), and Araripe-Apodi (CE). Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton limae is morphologically similar to C. tricolor by sharing a silver to ferruginous indumentum, ovate to oblong leaf blades, a terminal inflorescence, and staminate flowers with 10 – 15 stamens. In addition to their morphological similarities, these two species are occasionally found in the same environments. Croton limae can be distinguished from C. tricolor by its usually deciduous and narrowly triangular to linear stipules (vs. persistent, lanceolate to auriculate stipules in C. tricolor); brochidodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous); triangular sepals of the pistillate flower (vs. lanceolate to oblong); spheroid, unlobed capsules (vs. ovoid to obloid, 3 - lobed); and seeds with smooth surfaces (vs. rugose surfaces).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC1100F81E4E5F3FAFC5202.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Rio de Contas, 9 km da cidade, beira da estrada para Marcolina Moura, localidade do inst. do milênio, 13 º 60 ’ 44 ” S, 41 º 76 ’ 00 ” W, 23 January 2008, R. M. Harley 55788 (HUEFS). Ceará: Aiuaba, Serra dos bois, Sítio Olho D’água, 10 April 1997, L. W. Lima-Verde 666 (HUEFS). Paraíba: Monte Horebe, em direç „ o a Mauriti (Ceará), 15 March 2000, Barbosa et al. 2025 (JPB). Pernambuco: Ipubí, 3 km da estrada Serrolândia — Crato, Chapada do Araripe, capoeira na beira da estrada, 7 º 73 ’ 33 ” S, 40 º 43 ’ 33 ” W, 15 February 1984, G. Fotius 3772 (HUEFS). Piauí: Pio IX, Cova Donça, 21 February 1980, A. Fernandes et al. s. n. (EAC 7962).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by van Ee & Berry 2009): Without locality, without date, O. Swartz s. n. (S [S 06 - 20998!]). Fig. 7 (f – k), 9 (a)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub to small tree, 2 – 5 m tall; latex not seen; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, slightly striated, brown to greyish; trichomes stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules helicoidal, auriculate 0.2 – 0.7 × 0.1 – 0.8 cm, usually deciduous, with lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.5 – 1.5 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, ovate, 2 – 7.5 × 1 – 4 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face dark green with dentate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes, abaxial face shiny, light green to silver, with lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire, apex acute, venation actinodromous perfectly reticulate. Thyrses 3 – 10 cm long, terminal, with lepidote trichomes, peduncle ca. 0.5 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, solitary flowers; bracts deciduous, elliptic, 1 – 3.5 × 0.5 – 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels 1 – 5 mm long; sepals silvery, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 2 – 3 × 1 – 2 mm, margins entire, apex acute, lepidote trichomes externally, glabrescent internally; petals white, oblong, 2 – 3.5 × 1 – 1.5 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate-lepidote trichomes internally; stamens 13 – 14, filament 3 – 4.5 mm long, anther long elliptic, ca. 1 × 0.8 mm; nectary disk of 5 free segments, elliptic, glabrous. Pistillate flower with pedicels 1 – 2 mm long; sepals green to silver, united for ⅟ 4 of their length, lobes ovate to long ovate, equal in size, 2 – 3 × 1.5 – 4 mm, reduplicated vertical and horizontally, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally and internally; petals absent; ovary long ovoid to obloid, 1 – 2.5 × 2 – 2.8 mm, with lepidote trichomes; styles ascending, free, sometimes slightly united at the base, 4 - partite to multipartite, 12 – 18 stigmatic tips, with lepidote trichomes; 5 - lobed nectary disk, apex of lobes rounded, with lepidote trichomes. Capsule green silvery, obloid, 3 – 5 × 4 – 5.8 mm, 3 - lobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella ca. 2.5 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ovoid, 2.6 – 3.0 × 2.2 – 2.5 mm, smooth, caruncle not seen.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — Not found.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton micans can be found in the Antilles, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Gomes 2006, van Ee & Berry 2009, Luján et al. 2015). We confirmed the occurrence of C. micans in Brazil, occurring in the Pantanal domain in areas of dry vegetation and roadsides in Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig. 9, a). It is commonly found in calcareous soils. Although with fragmented populations and an AOO of 228 km 2, Croton micans is classified here as of least concern (LC) because it has a wide EOO (> 7,500,000 km 2) and is cultivated in many localities of other South American countries. On the other hand, populations in Brazil are scarce, and the species is not found in protected areas, but rather in areas that have been frequently impacted by anthropic actions. Flowering and fruiting from May to November.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton micans is easily distinguished from other species of section Lasiogyne in Brazil by being the only species to present a leaf blade with silvery lepidote trichomes on both surfaces, actinodromous perfectly reticulate venation, the base sometimes recurved (Fig. 7, g), and helicoidal auriculate stipules.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC2100D81E4E087FA97594A.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, 17 October 1984, C. A. Conceição 1640 (CEN); ibid, base do Cerro do Urucum, 23 km S de Corumbá, 22 November 1977, A. C. Allem 1458 (CEN).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, 1935, circa urbem culta et subspon tanea, without date, W. A. Ducke 384 (A [A 00047409!]; isotypes: K [K 000254427!], NY [NY 00262948!], R [R 000055704!]). Fig. 8 (l – p), 9 (a)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub to tree, 0.3 – 10 m tall; latex not seen; branching sympodial, branches cylindrical, slightly striated, brown to reddish; trichomes stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote. Leaves alternate; stipules linear, ca. 0.4 cm long, usually deciduous, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4 – 1 cm long, with dentatelepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, lanceolate, 2.5 – 6 × 1 – 1.8 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with stellate-lepidote trichomes to glabrescent, abaxial face shiny, silver to ferruginous with stellate-lepidote to lepidote trichomes, base rounded to obtuse, margins entire, apex acute to narrowly acute, venation eucamptodromous, with 8 – 14 secondary veins. Thyrses 3 – 10 cm long, axillary, with stellate-lepidote to dentate-lepidote trichomes, peduncle 0.4 – 0.7 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, up to 2 staminate flowers, with solitary pistillate flowers; bracts linear, deciduous, ca. 2 mm long, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels ca. 2 mm long; sepals silver to yellowish, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate, 1 – 2 × 0.6 – 1.4 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes externally, stellate internally; petals yellowish, oblong, 2 – 2.5 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with simple trichomes; stamens 13 – 15 (17), filament 1.5 – 2.8 mm long, anther rounded, ca. 0.7 – 0.8 mm diam.; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with simple trichomes. Sessile to subsessile pistillate flower, pedicel up to 1 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, free, ovate, equal in size, rarely slightly unequal, 4 – 6 × 2.5 – 4 mm, slightly reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes externally, simple to stellate internally; petals yellow, oblong, 3 – 5 × 1 – 2 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; ovary spheroid, 3 – 3.7 mm diam., with stellate-lepidote trichomes; styles ascending, free, multipartite, up to 28 stigmatic tips, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, glabrous. Capsule ferruginous, ovoid, 4 – 4.5 × 2 – 2.8 mm, 3 - lobed, surface non-muricate, with dentate-lepidote trichomes; columella ca. 2 mm, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ellipsoid, 3 – 3.5 × 2.5 mm, surface rugose, caruncle elliptic.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — Assacaca, cheira, macacaparonga, macapuanga piaçoca, piaçoquinha, piassaca sacaca, sacaquinha, and sacaca-fêmea.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status, and phenology: — Croton sacaquinha has been recorded for Guyana and Brazil (Gomes 2006). In the latter country, it occurs in the Amazon domain, being found on riverbanks in Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, and Pará (Caruzo et al. 2022) (Fig. 9, a). Croton sacaquinha has a small AOO (88 km 2), but has a wide EOO 1,946,556.747 km 2), occurs in areas of difficult access and is cultivated in some locations in the north of the country, in addition to have populations occurring in protected areas, such as the Jaú National Park (AM), the Amazon National Park (AM), the Verde Para Sempre Extractive Reserve (PA), and the Trombetas River (AM) and Lake Cuni „ Extractive Reserves (RR). For such reasons, we classify this species as of Least Concern (LC). Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton sacaquinha can be easily distinguished by its sympodial branching, ferruginous to reddish indumentum (mainly on the petioles and younger branches), densely velutine petioles, lanceolate leaf blade, and as the only species with pistillate flowers with developed petals in the section Lasiogyne in Brazil.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC3100881E4E723FE165B9A.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Novo Air „ o, Parque Nacional do Jaú, Rio Jaú, 22 º 8 ’ 33 ” S, 62 º 45 ’ 00 ” W, 2 June 1995, E. Rodrigues 37 (INPA). Pará: Oriximin „, Cachoeira Porteira, 1 º 09 ’ 19 ” S, 57 º 03 ’ 59 ” W, 2 July 1980, C. Davidson 10696 (INPA). Rondônia: Porto Velho, mata do km 14 da estrada de rodagem, 3 December 1949, N. T. Silva 395 (IAN).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Rio de Contas, road to fazenda Marion, from Rio de Contas, 13 ° 37 ’ 38 ” S, 41 ° 45 ’ 25 ” W, 912 m, 3 February 2004 (staminate), R. M. Harley et al. 54794 (UFP [UFP 69262!]; isotypes: HUEFS [HUEFS 80175!], K [K 001184124!], ASE [ASE 21976!], JPB [JPB 56409!]). Fig. 8 (a – f), 9 (b)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE.taxon	description	Description: — Dioecious shrub, 1.5 – 3 m tall; latex translucent to yellowish; branching sympodial, branches cylindrical, sometimes slightly striated, brown to ferruginous, with lepidote trichomes. Leaves alternate; stipules lanceolate, ca. 0.7 × 0.2 cm, usually deciduous, with lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.3 – 0.7 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, ovate to elliptic, 2 – 4 × 1.5 – 2.5 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with stellate to stellate-lepidote trichomes, or glabrous, abaxial face shiny, silver to ferruginous, with lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire, apex acute to narrowly acute, venation eucamptodromous, with 5 – 11 secondary veins; Thyrses 4 – 13 cm long (staminate) and 2 – 10 cm long (pistillate), axillary, with lepidote to stellate-lepidote trichomes, peduncles 0.6 – 1 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, up to 3 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts deciduous, lanceolate, 0.4 – 0.7 × 0.2 – 0.3 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels 1.7 – 2 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, united for ⅔ of their length, ovate, ca. 1.3 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate-lepidote internally; yellow to golden petals, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 0.6 mm, margins entire, apex rounded, with stellate trichomes; stamens 10 – 15, filament 1.5 – 2 mm long, anther elliptic, ca. 0.5 × 0.3 mm; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes acute, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Pistillate flower with pedicels ca. 2 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, free, spatulate, equal in size, 2 – 2.5 × 0.5 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex rounded to acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate-lepidote internally; petals yellow, narrowly triangular, ca. 0.8 × 0.3 mm, margins entire, apex narrowly acute, with stellatelepidote trichomes; ovary spheroid, ca. 2 × 2.3 mm, with lepidote trichomes, styles ascending, united at the base, 2 - fid, 6 stigmatic tips, with stellate-lepidote trichomes; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with stellate-lepidote trichomes to glabrescent. Capsule silver to ferruginous, spheroid, 4 – 4.5 mm diam., unlobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella 2.8 – 3 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown, ellipsoid to long ellipsoid, 3.2 × 2.2 – 2.5 mm, smooth, caruncle elliptic.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular name: — Marmeleiro de touceira.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status and phenology: — Croton suassunae is native to the Caatinga domain, also occurring in transition areas between Caatinga and Cerrado, and Caatinga and Atlantic Forest (Rossine et al. 2020 a). It is found in Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais (new record), Pernambuco and Piauí, in clayey and limestone soils, or on rocky outcrops (Fig. 9, b). This species was evaluated as of least concern (LC) by Rossine et al. (2020 a); we keep that classification here. Although its small AOO (ca. 160 km 2), it has populations in environmental protection areas and areas of difficult access in terms of anthropization, such as cliffs and mountainous areas, and an EOO of 536,575.348 km 2. Flowering and fruiting from December to June.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton suassunae stands out for being the only dioecious species in section Lasiogyne. It was a segregated from C. tricolor (Rossine et al. 2020 a), and also resembles C. claussenianus, although it can be easily differentiated by having unisexual inflorescences and 2 - fid styles (vs. bisexual and 2 - partite); other characters are presented in the comments concerning C. claussenianus.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC6100881E4E5F3FCA55DEE.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, Comunidade Cristal, Buraco da Duda ou Burac „ o, 11 º 82 ’ 86 ” S, 41 º 30 ’ 47 ” W, 19 May 2004, E. Melo 5612 (HUEFS). Ceará: Crato, Flona do Araripe, 28 April 1999, L. W. Lima-Verde 1343 (EAC). Minas Gerais: Medina, rod. BR- 116, 10 km S de Medina, 20 November 1985, G. Hatschbach 50014 (MBM). Pernambuco: Ipubí, a 3 km de Serra Branca, 7 º 83 ’ 33 ” S, 40 º 46 ’ 66 ” W, 15 February 1984, G. Fotius 3764 (HUEFS). Piauí: Caracol, entrada do Parque, estrada à direita da guarita, área antropizada, 9 º 21 ’ 30 ” S, 43 º 46 ’ 61 ” W, 26 February 2011, E. Melo 9226 (HUEFS).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first step designated by Gomes et al. [2010 a: 907], second step designated by van Ee [2011: 31]): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: without locality, without date, A. F. C. P. de Saint-Hilaire, cat C 1, n. 92 (P [P 00634797!]; isolectotypes: A [A 00303790!, A 00303791!], F [F 0077753 F!], P [P 00634794!, P 00634795!]). Fig. 8 (g – k), 9 (b)	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E.taxon	description	Description: — Monoecious shrub, 1.5 – 3 m tall; latex absent; branching monopodial, branches cylindrical, brown to grayish; trichomes lepidote. Leaves alternate, stipules lanceolate to auriculate, 0.8 – 1 × 0.3 – 0.6 cm, usually persistent, with lepidote trichomes; petiole cylindrical, 0.4 – 0.7 cm long, with lepidote trichomes; leaf blade chartaceous, lanceolate, elliptic to long elliptic, rarely ovate, 2 – 11 × 0.5 – 3 cm, strongly bifacial, adaxial face green to dark green with stellate and stellate-lepidote trichomes to glabrescent, abaxial surface shiny, silver to ferruginous, with lepidote trichomes, base rounded to cordate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, venation eucamptodromous, with 8 – 14 secondary veins. Thyrses 1 – 30 cm long, terminal, with lepidote trichomes, peduncle 0.3 – 1.0 cm long; cymules unisexual, lax, up to 3 staminate flowers, pistillate flowers solitary; bracts linear to lanceolate, 1 – 2 × 0.2 – 0.5 mm, deciduous, margins entire, apex acute, with stellate trichomes. Staminate flower with pedicels ca. 3 mm long; sepals silvery to ferruginous, united for ⅓ of their length, lobes oval, 2 × 1 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with lepidote trichomes externally, stellate internally; petals silver to ferruginous, lanceolate, 2 × 0.6 mm, margins entire, apex acute, with trichomes lepidote, stellate internally; stamens 10 – 15, filament 1 – 2 mm long, anther elliptic, 0.4 – 0.7 × 0.3 mm; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with stellate-lepidote trichomes. Pistillate flower with pedicels 2 – 3 mm long; sepals silver to ferruginous, united for up to ⅓ of their length, lobes ovate to oblong, equal in size, 2 – 4 × 1 mm, reduplicated vertically, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, with lepidote trichomes externally, glabrous internally; petals absent; ovary long ellipsoid to ovoid, 2 – 3.5 × 1.5 – 2, with lepidote trichomes; styles patent, free, multipartite, up to 24 stigmatic tips, with stellate trichomes; nectary disk 5 - lobed, apex of lobes rounded, with stellate trichomes. Capsule green silvery to ferruginous, ovoid to subspheroid, 5 – 7 × 3 – 4 mm, 3 - lobed, surface non-muricate, with lepidote trichomes; columella up to 4 mm long, striated, apex flattened. Seed brown to greyish, with reddish to black spots, ellipsoid, 3.5 × 2 mm, papillose rugose, caruncle elliptic.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — Alecrim de vaqueiro, folha de prata, capixigui-mirim.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat, conservation status and phenology: — Croton tricolor occurs in Colombia, Brazil, and Venezuela (Gomes 2006, Luján et al. 2015), being most widely distributed in Brazil, occurring from northern Ceará to Paraná (Caruzo et al. 2022) (Fig. 9, b). It can be found in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest domains, reaching transition areas between those and the Cerrado. It is found in clayey soils, and mainly in montane forests, less frequently in anthropized areas such as roadsides. Besides its AOO (ca. 770 km 2), this species is classified here as of Least Concern (LC), based on its EOO (> 9,600,000 km 2), and populations occurring in several protected areas. Flowering from November to April and fruiting from December to May.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Croton tricolor can be easily recognized by its monopodial branching, in addition to its lanceolate to auriculate stipules, ovate to oblong sepals of the pistillate flower, and papillose rugose seed surface. Croton tricolor can be confused with C. limae and C. suassunae. Their distinguishing characters are cited in the notes concerning C. limae and C. suassunae.	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
273DCA65FFC7100681E4E087FD9D5F1E.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Arapiraca, Serra das Mangabeiras, 9 º 75 ’ 55 ” S, 36 º 66 ’ 39 ” W, 31 May 2008, L. L. M. Barbosa 23 (MAC). Bahia: Abaíra, without further locality, 13 º 31 ’ 66 ” 67 S, 41 º 86 ’ 66 ” W, 5 February 1994, W. Ganev 2968 (HUEFS). Ceará: Crato, Chapada do Araripe, 11 January 1989, A. Fernandes & J. F. Matos s. n. (EAC 15883). Espírito Santo: Linhares, without further locality, 4 January 2017, D. A. Folli 7526 (CVRD). Minas Gerais: Igarapé, Próximo a Serra do Itatiaiçu, 20 December 1999, A. Salino 5010 (SP). Paraíba: Maturéia, topo do Pico do Jabre, 7 º 25 ’ 31 ” S, 37 º 38 ’ 46 ” W, 5 May 2010, D. Araújo 1553 (HVASF). Paraná: Querênia do Norte, RPPN Santa Mariana, 22 º 92 ’ 59 ” S, 53 º 45 ’ 41 ” W, 19 January 2011, G. O. Landgraf 122 (HUEM). Pernambuco: Exu, Chapada do Araripe, 7 º 73 ’ 33 ” S, 40 º 23 ’ 33 ” W, 16 February 1984, G. Fotius 3783 (HUEFS). Rio Grande do Norte: Martins, Sitio do Sr. Clesinho, 29 April 2012, J. G. Jardim 6208 (HURB). S „ o Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio, 21 February 2005, M. B. R. Caruzo & L. R. Mendonça 85 (SP). Sergipe: Poço Redondo, Serra da Guia, 9 º 80 ’ 52 ” S, 37 º 68 ’ 41 ” W, 3 March 2010, W. J. Machado et al. 216 (ASE).	en	Rossine, Yuri, Melo, André Laurênio De, Athiê-Souza, Sarah Maria, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De (2023): Understanding the “ Marmeleiros ”: a taxonomic treatment of Croton sect. Lasiogyne (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 584 (4): 219-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.4.1
