taxonID	type	description	language	source
26267A73FFFEFFA3FF7B9E8CFE26EE80.taxon	description	Description. Length 4.5 – 11.0 mm; black, with fore leg often partly yellow or brown; wings distinctly or slightly darkened. Dorsal tentorial pit deep, open below, fused with facial furrow, with tubercle (Figs 1 A, 5 A). Facial furrow not shallowing near dorsal tentorial pit. Ridge around torulus not separated from torulus (Fig. 1 A), sometimes indistinct dorsally; its dorsomedial part distinctly protruding (Fig. 1 B). Antennal furrow indistinct, at most distinct beside lateral ocellus (Fig. 1 B, C). Inner edges of eyes converging ventrally. Clypeus widely truncate or very slightly concave on ventral edge (Fig. 1 A). Gena rather shiny, without genal carina (Fig. 1 D); minimum breadth of gena about 0.5 – 0.6 × basal thickness of mandible in lateral view. Antenna length more than 1.5 × head width (Figs 13 A, B, 14 A, C, 16 A, C, 17 A, 18 A, C, D); pedicel short, in lateral view with middle length 0.6 – 1.0 × breadth (Fig. 10 E – H); flagellum without weakly sclerotized light-colored areas; basal and middle flagellomeres scarcely or slightly bulging at apices in female (Figs 13 A, 14 A, 16 A, 17 A, 18 A, C), slightly or distinctly so in male (Figs 13 B, 14 C, 16 C, 17 C, 18 D); flagellomere 2 0.7 – 1.5 × flagellomere 1 in dorsal length. Labrum height 0.3 – 0.5 × clypeus height (Fig. 1 A). Apical maxillary palpomere length 1.3 – 1.7 × torulus height (Fig. 6 I). Notaulus with almost same depth and width throughout or gradually widening toward posterior end (Figs 2 A, 6 E). Meso- and metascutella smooth, without distinct punctures or wholly or mostly covered with indistinct minute punctures of uniform size (Figs 2 A, 6 A). Mesoscutellar appendage shiny, smooth and glabrous. Cenchrus with width (major axis) 1.8 – 3.1 × length (minor axis) (Figs 17 E, 18 G); distance between cenchri 0.4 – 0.7 × cenchrus width. Mesepisternum without distinct punctures or widely covered with indistinct minute punctures of uniform size (Figs 2 B, 4 G); epicnemium present, separated from mesepisternum by wide furrow (Figs 2 B, D, 4 G, 10 C, D); anterior marginal ridge present (Fig. 2 B) (absent in P. sp. - 1, Fig. 2 D), and connecting seamlessly with epicnemium (very rarely distinguishable from epicnemium by wrinkle). Anepimeron without membranous part (with wide membranous part in P. sp. - 1). Mesosternum normal, i. e. deeply sunken between hind coxae. Metapleuron (Fig. 2 C) with metepimeron mostly glabrous and metepisternum mostly covered with setae; metepimeron with furrow curved and posteriorly fused with short furrow of metepisternum; metepimero-episternal suture distinct only above anterior depressed part of metepisternum; anterior depressed part of metepisternum well developed, not linear; metepisternum with short furrow along posterior edge. Anterior spur of fore tibia with dorsal plate apically protruding angularly (Fig. 2 E). Tarsomeres 1 – 4 of all tarsi each with plantar lobe (Fig. 2 F). Tarsal claws without basal lobe, with inner tooth (Figs 13 D, 14 D, 16 D, 17 F, G, 18 E, F). In fore wing, base of vein Rs + M located at or near junction of veins R and M (Fig. 2 G); vein Rs + M straight or slightly curved; cell 1 M with lateral angle almost right or acute and posterolateral angle almost right or obtuse (Figs 2 G, 11 A); proximal part of vein 2 A + 3 A bifurcate (Fig. 2 H), divided into straight main part and small piece (Fig. 2 G), or rarely simple and straight (Fig. 2 I); cell 1 A open (Fig. 2 G, I), very rarely closed (Fig. 2 H); if cell 1 A closed, its length about half length of cell 2 A. Hind wing with cell R 1 closed (Fig. 2 J); crossvein m-cu present; male hind wing identical to female hind wing, without marginal vein. Ovipositor sheath 0.40 – 0.54 × as long as abdomen (Fig. 2 K). Lancet almost straight or sinuate (Figs 13 F, 18 I), with ctenidial teeth being simple setae (Figs 2 L, 18 J). In male genitalia, digitus of volsella with medial edge slightly sinuate or mostly straight (Figs 2 M, 13 J); anterior end of harpe far apart from base of basiparamere in ventral view (Fig. 2 N); penis valve without spine or lobe protruding laterally (Fig. 2 M) (in P. satoi sp. nov., penis valve with dorsolateral lobe at apex, Fig. 11 E). Larva. Trunk covered with conical tubercles (Fig. 15 A, B); abdominal terga 1 – 8 each with six annulets (Lorenz & Kraus 1957, Okutani 1959, Smith 1969).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFFEFFA3FF7B9E8CFE26EE80.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. Asparagales: Polygonatum, Smilacina (Okutani 1967, Smith 1969, Lacourt 2020). Liliaceae: Streptopus (Lacourt 2020). Species groups. Smith (1969) divided Phymatocera into three species groups: The group 1, for two Palearctic species, P. aterrima and P. nipponica, with a deep genal-orbital groove ending in a pit, the tarsal claws each with a long outer tooth sharply bent over at its apex and with an inner tooth subequal in length to the outer tooth, and the male antenna with long erect setae; the group 2, for some Nearctic species, without a genal-orbital groove and pit, and with the tarsal claws as those in the group 1 and the male antenna without conspicuous erect setae; and the group 3, for some Nearctic species, similar to the group 2, but with the tarsal claws each with the outer tooth short, not sharply bent over, and with the inner tooth small. The groups 2 and 3 differ only in the shape of their tarsal claws, but P. racemosae Smith, 1969 shows great variation in this shape, obscuring the distinction between the two groups (see Smith 1969, Goulet 1981). Therefore, it is better to consider the groups 2 and 3 together as one group. We refer to Smith’s group 1 as the group of P. aterrima (Klug, 1816), and the group consisting of Smith’s groups 2 and 3 as the group of P. fumipennis (Norton, 1861).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFFEFFA3FF7B9E8CFE26EE80.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phymatocera is distinguished from the other Japanese genera of the Blennocampinae, as stated in the key below. Incidentally, “ Cladardis hartigi ” (auct. non Liston, 1995; e. g. Naito 2019, 2020), Paracharactus leucopodus Rohwer, 1910 and Rhadinoceraea fuscata Togashi, 1984, the only Japanese species in their respective genera, have been placed in the wrong genera. The generic positions of the former two species will be discussed in separate papers. Rhadinoceraea fuscata Togashi, 1984 is moved to Phymatocera in this paper. Phymatocera is very similar to Paracharactus, Phymatoceriola, Rhadinoceraea and Veratra. Of the latter four, Paracharactus, Rhadinoceraea and Veratra are not found in Japan and are not included in the key below. According to Smith (1969), Paracharactus is often difficult to distinguish Phymatocera because of the considerable variation, but the males of Phymatocera and Paracharactus are distinguished by their genitalia: Phymatocera has the harpe not projecting anteriorly and its anterior end far apart from the basiparamere base (Figs 2 N, 11 C – E; figs 198, 200 in Smith 1969), whereas Paracharactus has the harpe extremely projecting anteriorly and its anterior end close to the basiparamere base (figs 202, 204 in Smith 1969); the valviceps of a penis valve is various but never rectangular in Phymatocera (Figs 13 L, 14 M, 16 K, 18 O; figs 199, 201 in Smith 1969; fig. 97 - 9 in Lacourt 2020), but it is rectangular in Paracharactus (figs 203, 205 in Smith 1969). In females, there is no difference between these genera. However, the Phymatocera aterrima group has a genal-orbital pit, but Paracharactus does not. The Phymatocera fumipennis group is distinguished from Paracharactus by the characters stated by Goulet (1992). In this group, the dorsal membranous area of the abdominal segment 1 is large and bell-shaped or triangular (Figs 17 E, 18 G; fig. 273 in Goulet 1992) and the length of the plantar lobe of the female hind tarsomere 1 is about 1 / 3 the distance between the plantar lobes of the hind tarsomeres 1 and 2, but in Paracharactus, this membranous area is small and inverted funnel-shaped (fig. 274 in Goulet 1992) and the length of the plantar lobe of the female hind tarsomere 1 is about 2 / 3 the distance between the plantar lobes of the hind tarsomeres 1 and 2. Goulet (1992) also distinguished Nearctic Phymatocera and Paracharactus by the clarity of the division of a katepimeron. However, in our material, it is often difficult to determine whether the division of a katepimeron is clear or unclear, and many species show considerable variability in the clarity of the division. Phymatocera is distinguished from Phymatoceriola by the characters in the key below and the lancet. The lancet is straight or sinuate, with simple ctenidial setae in the former (Figs 2 L, 13 G, I, 14 F, H, 16 F, H, 18 I, J), but it is gently curved, with basally-thickened ctenidial setae in the latter (Hara et al. 2024, figs 4 H – J, 5 J – L, 6 L – N). The only distinguishing character of Phymatocera from Rhadinoceraea and Veratra is the presence of an epicnemium. In Phymatocera, the anterodorsal part of the mesopleuron is raised, separated from the mesepisternum by a groove, and differentiates into an epicnemium (Figs 2 B, D, 4 G), but in Rhadinoceraea and Veratra, the anterodorsal part of the mesopleuron is not raised at all and lacks a groove anterodorsally, similar to Fig. 4 H. However, the distinctness of an epicnemium is variable within Phymatocera. Phymatocera fuscata has the epicnemium slightly raised and separated by an indistinct epicnemial groove (Fig. 10 C). The indistinctness of the epicnemium is probably one of the reasons why Togashi (1984) placed P. fuscata in Rhadinoceraea. The P. aterrima group is distinguished from Rhadinoceraea by the long flagellar setae in the male and from Veratra by the presence of a genal-orbital pit. The P. fumipennis group is distinguished from Rhadinoceraea by the lack of a genal-orbital pit and from Veratra by the tarsal claws with an inner tooth. We transfer two Chinese species, Phymatocera foveata Wei, 1998 and Phymatocera sinica Wei, 2002, to Rhadinoceraea, because they do not have an epicnemium and their male flagellar setae are short. For more details, see the section for these two species below. Phymatocera is morphologically quite diverse, and no characters suggesting its monophyly have been found. On the other hand, the P. aterrima group is more similar to Phymatoceriola and Rhadinoceraea than to the P. fumipennis group in having a genal-orbital pit. The generic classification of Phymatocera and similar genera appears to require reconsideration.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF5FFABFF7B997DFEC8EA2B.taxon	description	(Figs 8 F, 11 D, G, 12 A, C, D, 13)	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF5FFABFF7B997DFEC8EA2B.taxon	description	OOL: POL: OOCL 1.6: 1.0 in female (1.5: 1.0 in holotype, Wei 2002), 1.4: 1.0 in male. Postocellar area with lateral furrows elongated, slightly diverging anteriorly (parallel in holotype, Wei 2002). Interocellar furrow and lateral ridge of frontal area distinct respectively (Fig. 12 A). Distance between eyes at anterior tentorial pit 1.1 – 1.2 × eye height. Antenna gradually tapering (Fig. 13 A, B), with length 2.4 × head width in female, 3.2 × in male. In female antenna, flagellum not compressed, with setae slanted toward apex of antenna and as long as or somewhat shorter than middle width of flagellomere 1 in dorsal view; middle and basal flagellomeres slightly bulging at apices (Fig. 13 A); flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.63 × eye height, 3.4 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.2 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 6.4 × breadth in lateral view. In male antenna, flagellum compressed from both sides; setae, except for dorsal setae, very long and about as long as 1.5 × middle width of flagellomere 1 in dorsal view (Fig. 8 F); dorsal setae slanted toward apex of antenna, and setae on other sides almost erect; flagellomeres except for apical one bulging at apices (Fig. 13 B); flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.82 × eye height, 3.3 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.2 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 7.5 × breadth in lateral view. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metascutellum densely covered with setae. Epicnemium entirely glabrous, with epicnemial groove distinct except for short posterior part. Mesepisternum broadly glabrous ventrolaterally. Anepimeron without membranous part. Furrow dividing katepimeron into anterior and posterior parts rather deep but vague; setae present only on posterior raised margin. Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.7 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female, about 0.4 × in male. Tarsal claws with inner tooth large, shorter than apical tooth (Fig. 13 D); distance between apices of apical and inner teeth shorter than depth of concavity between these teeth. In fore wing, proximal part of vein 2 A + 3 A bifurcate, with anterior branch short or long and separated from vein 1 A; cell 2 Rs much longer than cells 1 R 1 and 1 Rs combined in posterior length (Fig. 13 A, B); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2 r-rs markedly proximally distant from junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3 r-m. Dorsum of abdomen mostly mat and distinctly microsculptured in both sexes (Fig. 12 C, D). In female, ovipositor sheath 0.85 × hind tibia in length (equal in holotype, Wei 2002); valvula 3 slightly extending beyond tergum 10 posteriorly, with apex narrowly rounded, dorsal edge very slightly convex, and ventral edge roundly convex and posteriorly straight (Fig. 13 E). Ovipositor broad (Fig. 13 F). Lance with first (most basal) suture slightly curved and diverging from second suture dorsally; other sutures straight. Lancet almost straight, with dorsal edge slightly concave near apical third, with 19 annuli (Fig. 13 G, I) (17 – 18 annuli in holotype, Wei 2002); first and second ctenidia each being short dorsal band; third and fourth ctenidia divided into dorsal and ventral bands; apical ctenidia dorsally separated from olistheter (Fig. 13 I); serrulae, except for some basal and apical ones, each anteriorly with tubercle (Figs 11 G, 13 H, I); middle serrulae (fifth to eighth serrulae from base or 12 th to 15 th from apex) each with 20 – 26 denticles (Fig. 11 G); apical eight serrulae flat (Fig. 13 I); apical 10 serrulae with denticles lining up without gaps; marginal sensilla pore-shaped or nearly so, and far from serrulae (Figs 11 G, 13 H; fig. 4 c, d in Wei 2002), except those of apical annuli very short funnel-shaped and located near serrulae (Fig. 13 I). Male genitalia (Figs 11 D, 13 J, K) with parapenis extremely deformed, divided into lateral and basal sclerites (for these sclerites, see also Fig. 2 N), without setae; lateral sclerite located laterally to penis valve; basal sclerite apically completely fused with opposite basal sclerite and forming markedly projecting and truncate apex; basal ring basally connecting with basal sclerite of parapenis and apically rounded; digitus of volsella shorter than harpe. In penis valve, valviceps much shorter than valvura, with dorsal edge markedly convex in apical two thirds and ventral edge straight (Fig. 13 L).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF5FFABFF7B997DFEC8EA2B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. This species was described based on only one female (holotype) from China (Henan) (Wei 2002). We have not examined the holotype. Specimens examined: JAPAN: KYUSHU: Oita Pref.: 1 ♂, Kuju, Mt. Kurodake, 16 – 24. V. 1986, A. Shinohara (Figs 8 F, 11 D, 12 D, 13 B – C, J – L) (NSMT); 1 ♀, Kokonoe, Yutsubo, 29. V. 1932, Takeuchi (Figs 11 G, 12 A, C, 13 A, D – I) (probably material of Takeuchi 1950) (NSMT).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF5FFABFF7B997DFEC8EA2B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China: Henan (Wei 2002). Japan: Kyushu (new record).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF5FFABFF7B997DFEC8EA2B.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF5FFABFF7B997DFEC8EA2B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is distinguished from the other nine species of the P. aterrima group by the following characters: Lateral ridge of frontal area well developed (Fig. 12 A); setae on flagellum longer than 1 / 2 middle width of flagellum 1 in female, very long and about as long as 1.5 × that width in male; epicnemium entirely glabrous; in hind tarsus, length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.7 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female; tarsal claws with inner tooth large and distance between apices of apical and inner teeth shorter than depth of concavity between these teeth (Fig. 13 D); fore wing with cell 2 Rs much longer than cells 1 R 1 and 1 Rs combined in posterior length (Fig. 13 A, B); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2 r-rs markedly proximally distant from junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3 r-m; dorsum of abdomen mat and distinctly microsculptured almost entirely (Fig. 12 C, D); valvula 3 in lateral view with dorsal edge not concave (Fig. 13 E); lancet nearly straight, with 17 – 19 annuli (Fig. 13 G); first to fourth ctenidia markedly reduced; marginal sensilla of middle annuli pore-shaped and far apart from serrulae (Fig. 11 G); parapenis unique (Figs 11 D, 13 K; for details, see the description); penis valve with valviceps much shorter than valvura, markedly convex on dorsal edge and straight on ventral edge (Fig. 13 L).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF3FFB6FF7B9EB0FEBEE81C.taxon	description	(Figs 1 D, 2 B, E, H, I, K, 4 D, G, 6 I, 7 C, E, 8 A, D, 9 B, H, K, 11 A, C, F, 12 B, E, F, 14, 15) Phymatocerus aterrimus [sic]: Matsumura, 1912: 66. Not Klug, 1816.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF3FFB6FF7B9EB0FEBEE81C.taxon	description	Additional description: Female and male. Length 8.0 – 11.0 mm in female (Fig. 14 A, B), 6.0 – 10.0 mm in male (Fig. 14 C). OOL: POL 1.6 – 1.9: 1.0 in female, 1.4 – 1.8: 1.0 in male. Postocellar area with lateral furrow elongated. Interocellar furrow indistinct (Fig. 12 B) or sometimes distinct. Distance between eyes at anterior tentorial pit 1.1 – 1.2 × eye height in female, 1.2 – 1.3 × in male. Frontal area usually distinctly or slightly concave before median ocellus, with lateral margin usually not or barely ridged (Fig. 12 B), rarely slightly ridged. Antenna gradually tapering, with length 2.5 – 2.7 × head width in female, 3.2 – 3.4 × in male (Fig. 14 A, C). In female antenna, flagellum not compressed, with setae slanted toward apex of antenna and as long as or somewhat shorter than middle width of flagellomere 1 in dorsal view (Fig. 9 H); basal and middle flagellomeres barely bulging at apices (Fig. 14 A); flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.67 – 0.77 × eye height, 3.6 – 4.4 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.1 – 1.2 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 5.0 – 6.0 × breadth in lateral view. In male antenna, flagellum compressed from both sides; setae on flagellum, except for relatively short dorsal setae, very long and about as long as 1.5 × middle width of flagellomere 1 in dorsal view (Fig. 9 K); dorsal setae slanted toward apex of antenna, and setae on other sides almost erect; basal and middle flagellomeres somewhat bulging at apices (Figs 9 K, 14 C); flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.75 – 0.87 × eye height, 3.2 – 4.3 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.3 – 1.4 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 6.7 – 8.2 × breadth in lateral view. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metascutellum densely covered with setae. Epicnemium entirely glabrous, rarely with several setae in middle part (only in one male, with setae in large middle part); epicnemial groove distinct, except for short posterior part. Mesepisternum broadly glabrous ventrolaterally. Anepimeron entirely sclerotized. Furrow dividing katepimeron into anterior and posterior parts distinct or indistinct; setae present on posterior raised margin, rarely also near posterior raised margin. Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.4 – 0.6 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female, about 0.3 – 0.5 × in male. Tarsal claws with inner tooth large but shorter than apical tooth; distance between apices of apical and inner teeth shorter than depth of concavity between these teeth (Fig. 14 D). In fore wing, proximal part of vein 2 A + 3 A bifurcated with anterior branch separated from vein 1 A and basally narrowing or inconspicuous (Fig. 4 D), rarely distinct throughout and fused with vein 1 A (Fig. 2 H), or rarely proximal part of vein 2 A + 3 A simply straight (Fig. 2 I); cell 2 Rs longer than or as long as cells 1 R 1 and 1 Rs combined in posterior length (Fig. 14 A, C); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2 r-rs far proximally from junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3 r-m. Female abdomen dorsally opaque, distinctly microsculptured, but with basal terga widely smooth or slightly microsculptured and shinier than middle and posterior terga (Figs 12 E, 14 A); male abdomen dorsally mostly smooth and shiny and partly slightly microsculptured (Figs 12 F, 14 C), rarely widely opaque and distinctly microsculptured. In female, ovipositor sheath 0.82 – 1.0 × as long as hind tibia; valvula 3 extending slightly before or just to apex of tergum 10 posteriorly, in lateral view with apex narrowly rounded, dorsal edge straight, and ventral edge rounded (Fig. 14 E), but sometimes very slightly concave near apex. Ovipositor broad (Fig. 14 F). Lance with first (most basal) suture slightly curved or straight, and dorsally slightly or distinctly diverging from second suture; second and subsequent sutures straight. Lancet almost straight, with dorsal edge slightly concave around apical third, straight on apical third, or slightly rounded throughout, with 19 – 22 annuli (Fig. 14 F, H – J); first ctenidium indistinct or divided into small dorsal and ventral parts; second or second and third ctenidia each divided into dorsal and ventral parts; apical ctenidia separated from or fused with each other, and dorsally extending to or slightly separated from olistheter (Fig. 14 H – J); serrulae, except for some basal and apical ones, each anteriorly with tubercle (Figs 11 F, 14 G – J); middle serrulae each with 15 – 29 denticles (Fig. 11 F) (12 th serrulae from apex with 26 denticles in fig. 7 in Togashi, 1958); apical seven to 12 serrulae almost flat (Fig. 14 H – J); apical seven to 14 serrulae with denticles lining up without gaps; marginal sensilla of middle and apical annuli funnel-shaped and extending near serrulae, but those of basal one to three annuli usually pore-shaped or very short tubular and apart from serrulae (Fig. 14 G). Male genitalia (Figs 11 C, 14 K, L) with parapenis extremely deformed, divided into lateral and basal sclerites (for these sclerites, see also Fig. 2 N), without setae; lateral sclerite located laterally to penis valve, and basal sclerite markedly projecting, apically forming acute angle with opposite basal sclerite; basal ring mostly in contact with basal sclerite of parapenis and apically narrowly rounded; digitus of volsella somewhat shorter than harpe. In penis valve, valviceps about as long as valvura, with apex rounded, dorsal edge markedly convex and ventral edge straight (Fig. 14 M). Immature stages. According to Sasaki (1923), egg about 1.2 mm long and purplish red. Middle instar larvae pale grey, with head black (Fig. 15 A). Last feeding instar larva (penultimate instar larva) with head black (Fig. 15 B); trunk mat purplish black, ventrally pale grey; thoracic legs pale grey, with apices black. According to Okutani (1959), trunk densely covered with spinules; prothorax with three annulets, mesothorax and metathorax each with four annulets, abdominal segments 1 – 8 each with six annulets and abdominal segment 9 with five annulets; annulet 2 of prothorax, annulets 1 and 3 of mesothorax and metathorax and annulets 2 and 4 of abdominal segments with large conical warts. Mature larva (ultimate instar larva) with head black, legs gray, and trunk shiny black, slightly with bluish tinge (Fig. 15 C).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF3FFB6FF7B9EB0FEBEE81C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Togashi (1958) wrote “ All the types designated in this report are in my collection ” for the holotype ♀ (“ Mt. Shiritaka near Tsurugi, Ishikawa Pref., 20. v. 1956, I. Togashi leg ”) and the paratypes 2 ♀ 1 ♂. Most of his collection is now kept in the NSMT, but we have been unable to find the type specimens there. Specimens examined: JAPAN: RISHIRI Is.: 1 ♂, Oshidomari, 25. VI. 1990, A. Shinohara (Figs 12 F, 14 K – M) (NSMT). --- HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, Ashoro, 17. VI. 1968, T. Naito (NSMT); 2 ♂, Kamishihoro, Nukabira, 14. VI. 1968, T. Naito (Fig. 4 D) (NSMT); 1 ♀, Esashi, Utanobori, Kasumi-toge, 22. VI. 2006, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, Nayoro, Nisshin, 44 ° 24 ’ N 142 ° 32 ’ E, 7. VII. 2022, H. Hara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 2 ♂, Kamikawa, Sounkyo, 19. VI. 1938, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 27. VII. 1951, Takeuchi, J. Kisii (NSMT); 1 ♀, same locality, 26. VII. 1987, T. Naito (NSMT); 1 ♀, Kamikawa, Aizankei, 19. VII. 1987, T. Naito (NSMT); 1 ♀, Mts. Daisetsu-zan, 29. VI. 1987, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♀ 1 ♂, Higashikawa, Chubetsu Dam, 20. VI. 1997, Y. Nishijima (HU); 1 ♀, Fukagawa, Takadomari, 28. V. – 6. VI. 2007, Malaise trap, H. Hara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Bibai, 11. VI. 1996, H. Hara (Figs 11 F, 14 F – H) (NSMT); 1 ♂, Bibai, Koshunai, 43 ° 17 ’ N 141 ° 51 ’ E, 24. V. 2015, H. Hara (Figs 4 G, 11 C) (material of Hara et al. 2021) (NSMT); 1 ♂, Ebetsu, Nopporo, 2. VI. 1929, C. Watanabe (HU); 1 ♂, same locality, 10. VI. 1975, M. Suwa (HU); 1 ♂, Moiwa, 4. VI. 1905 (material of Matsumura 2012) (HU); 1 ♀, Sapporo, Hitsujigaoka, 43 ° 00 ’ N 141 ° 24 ’ E, 21 – 28. V. 2003, Malaise trap, K. Konishi (NSMT); 1 ♂, same data but, 28. V. – 4. VI. 2003 (NSMT); 1 ♂, Sapporo, Hoheikyo, 12. VI. 1979, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Mt. Soranuma-dake, 3. VII. 1964, A. Nagatomi (Figs 2 K, 8 A) (NSMT); 1 ♀, Kimobetsu, Nakayama-toge, 42 ° 50 ’ N 141 ° 05 ’ E, 1. VII. 2013, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, Tomakomai, 18. VI. 1992, H. Hamaji (NSMT); 1 ♀, Yakumo, 28. VI. 1932, H. Sugiura (NSMT). --- HONSHU: Aomori Pref.: 1 ♀, Rokkasho, Takahoko, 6. VI. 2015, T. Keino (NSMT); 1 ♀, Oma, “ Shiotaruishi ”, 31. V. 2015, T. Keino (NSMT). --- Iwate Pref: 1 ♀, Morioka, Tsunagi-onsen, 3. VI. 1981, T. Tanabe (NSMT). --- Fukushima Pref.: “ Shiroyama, Asakawa ”, 23. IV. 1950, H. Hasegawa (NSMT). --- Ibaraki Pref.: 4 ♀ 3 ♂, Sakuragawa, Hirasawa, 36 ° 24 ’ N 140 ° 09 ’ E, 19. IV. 2023, H. Hara (Fig. 2 B, E) (NSMT); 1 ♀, Toride, Komenoi, 8. V. 1993, H. Hamaji (Fig. 2 I) (NSMT). --- Chiba Pref.: 2 ♂, Ichikawa, 26. IV. 1960, J. Yoshioka (NSMT). --- Tochigi Pref.: 1 ♀, Nasu, Takaku, 20. V. 1995, H. Takizawa (HU); 5 ♂, Nakagawa, Wami, 28. IV. 2009, S. Ibuki (NSMT); 2 ♂, same data but, 5, 6. V. 2010 (NSMT); 2 ♂, same data but, 1, 8. V. 2012 (NSMT); 1 ♀, same data but, 22. V. 2012 (NSMT); 1 ♀, Nakagawa, Wami, 36 ° 45 ’ N 140 ° 09 ’ E, coll. larva on Polygonatum falcatum 5. VI. 2019, mat. 18. VI., em. 6. V. 2020, S. Ibuki (Figs 11 A, 14 A, B, 15 A – C) (NSMT); 1 ♀, same data but, 36 ° 45 ’ N 140 ° 10 ’ E, coll. larva 4. VI. 2015, mat. 7. VI., em. 3. V. 2016 (Fig. 14 I), and its progeny, 6 ♂, from, eggs laid within Polygonatum falcatum 4. V. 2016, larvae hatched 14. V., mat. 30. V., em. 19. IV. 2017 (Fig. 9 K) (NSMT); 1 ♀, “ KINOMEZAWA ” (=? Yaita), 15. V. 1966, T. Saito (NSMT); 1 ♂, Nikko, Kirifuri, 2. VI. 1971, Ishikawa & Kochi (NSMT); 3 ♀, Nikko, Shichiri, 28. IV. 2018, A. Shinohara (Figs 9 H, 12 B, E, 14 E) (NSMT); 1 ♀, same data but, 8. V. 2019 (NSMT); 1 ♂, Nikko, Higashi-okorogawa, 12. V. 2002, T. Saito (NSMT); 1 ♀, Tochigi, Shiriuchi, 3. V. 1987, T. Saito (NSMT); 1 ♂, same data, 16. IV. 2004 (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Sano, Tochimoto, 19. IV. 1987, T. Saito (NSMT); 1 ♀, Sano, Kubocho, 14. V. 1978, T. Saito (NSMT); 1 ♀, “ Mt. Karasawa ”, 14. V. 1978, T. Saito (NSMT). --- Gunma Pref.: 1 ♀, Amasakehara, 25. V. 1987, T. Matsumoto (NSMT). --- Saitama Pref.: 1 ♂, Ina, 20. IV. – 10. V. 2014, K. Haga (NSMT); 1 ♂, same data but, 19. V. 2015 (NSMT); 1 ♀, Omiya, 15. V. 1976, T. Nambu (NSMT); 1 ♀, Yorii, “ Nakaomaeda ”, 19. IV. 1982, M. Uchida (NSMT); 1 ♂, same data but, 21. IV. 1985 (NSMT); 1 ♀, Ogawa, 26. IV. 1993, K. Haga (NSMT); 1 ♂, Ogawa, Yukie, 1. V. 1993, T. Nambu (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Ogawa, “ Kasayama ”, 25. V. 1996, T. Nambu (NSMT); 1 ♀, Ogose, 13. V. 1978, T. Nambu (NSMT). --- Tokyo Met.: 1 ♀, Takadanobaba, 27. IV. 1991, S. Asahina (NSMT); 1 ♂, Akatsuka, 6. V. 1928, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♀, Akasaka Estate, 29. IV. – 13. V. 2003, M. Owada (material of Shinohara 2005) (NSMT); 1 ♀, Meguro, 6. V. 1959, T. Okutani (NSMT); 1 ♂, Kinuta, 11. V. 1932, S. Asahina (NSMT); 2 ♂, same locality, 3. V. 1959, Y. Kurosawa (NSMT); 1 ♂, same data but, 5. V. 1961 (NSMT); 1 ♂, Inagi, 18. IV. 1971, T. Saito (NSMT); 1 ♀, V. 1934, Takeuchi, “ Obi ” (NSMT). --- Kanagawa Pref.: 1 ♀ 1 ♂, “ Mukogaoka ”, 29. IV. 1928, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♂, Yokohama, 23. IV. 1928, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♀ 2 ♂, same data but, 26. IV. 1928; 3 ♀ 3 ♂, same data but, 5. V. 1930; 1 ♀, same data but, 5. V. 1954; 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Yokohama, Kodukue, 29. IV. 1955, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♀, Yokohama, Shinohara-cho, 8. V. 1955, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Hiyoshi, 12. V. 1971, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Yokohama, Totsuka, 8. V. 1949, H. Nagase (NSMT); 2 ♀, Kamakura, 13. V. 1951, H. Nagase (NSMT); 1 ♀, Kamakura, Nikaido, 24. IV. 1955, H. Nagase (NSMT); 3 ♀ 2 ♂, “ OHKURA ”, 3. V. 1970, T. Saito (NSMT); 1 ♀, Hakone, Kowakidani, 25. V. 1974, A. Shinohara (NSMT). --- Yamanashi Pref.: 1 ♂, “ Daibosatsu ”, 24. V. 1969, T. Saito (NSMT); 1 ♂, Sutama, Masutomi, 9. V. 1971, Y. Yoshikawa (NSMT); 1 ♀, same locality, 29. V. 1993, M. Kubota (Figs 2 H, 7 C, 14 D) (NSMT). --- Nagano Pref: 1 ♀ 2 ♂, Karuizawa, 2. VI. 1932, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♀, same locality, 26. V. 2000, T. Nambu (NSMT); 1 ♀, Mts. Yatsugatake, Minoto, 1800 m, 18 – 19. VII. 1981, K. Mizuno (NSMT); 1 ♀, Matsumoto, Kamikochi, 1500 m alt., 21 – 23. VI. 1989, A. Shinohara (NSMT). --- Shizuoka Pref.: 1 ♂, Kawazu, 13. IV. 1928, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♀, “ Tenshokyo ”, 1000 m, 24. V. 1989, H. Ishikawa (NSMT); 1 ♀, Hamamatsu, Miyakoda, 22. IV. 1951, J. Minami (NSMT). --- Ishikawa Pref.: 1 ♀, Kanazawa, Mitsukouji, 12. V. 1949, Takeuchi (NSMT); 1 ♀, Hakusan, Mt. Shiritaka-yama, 14. V. 1950, Takeuchi, Togashi. --- Kyoto Pref.: 1 ♀, Kibune, 15. V. 1941, Takeuchi (probably material of Takeuchi 1950, 1952) (NSMT). --- Nara Pref.: 1 ♂, Mitsue, Mt. Miune-yama, 28. V. 1994, H. Mizuno (Fig. 14 C) (NSMT). --- Osaka Pref.: 1 ♂, Mt. Kongo-san, 3. V. 1916, Takeuchi (NSMT); 1 ♂, Mt. Iwawaki-san, 3. V. 1931, Takeuchi (NSMT). --- Hyogo Pref.: 1 ♀, “ Sasayama ”, 28. IV. 1952, T. Okutani (NSMT); 1 ♀, “ Sasayama 200 m, E 13515 N 3505 ”, 3. V. 1974, T. Naito (Figs 1 D, 7 E, 8 D, 9 B) (NSMT); 1 ♀, “ Ookouchi, Ootaike ” (=? Kamikawa), 7. V. 1977 (Fig. 6 I) (NSMT); 1 ♂, Shiso, Akasai gorge, 3. VI. 1984 (NSMT); --- Okayama Pref.: 1 ♀, Shinjo, Nodoro, 28. V. 1995, Y. Okushima (NSMT). --- KYUSHU: Fukuoka Pref.: 1 ♀, Mt. Hikosan, 18. V. 1961, A. Nakanishi. --- TSUSHIMA Is.: 1 ♀, Mitsushima, Kechi, 34 ° 15 ’ N 129 ° 17 ’ E, 19. IV. 2025, H. Hara; 2 ♂, Mitsushima, Okata, 34 ° 15 ’ N 129 ° 17 ’ E, 20. IV. 2025, H. Hara. --- KOREA: 1 ♀, “ Mosanrei ” [= Musanryong, Hamgyongbuk-do], 15. VI. 1936, Takeuchi (Fig. 14 J) (NSMT).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF3FFB6FF7B9EB0FEBEE81C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan: Shikotan Is. (Sundukov 2017 a), Rishiri Is. (new record), Hokkaido (Matsumura 1912 as “ Phymatocerus aterrimus ”, Hara et al. 2021, this study), Honshu (Yano 1932 as Phymatocera aterrima, this study), Awaji Is. (Naito et al. 2004), Shikoku (Togashi 1974), Kyushu (Togashi 1972, this study), Tsushima Is (new record). Korea (Lee et al. 2019, this study). Russia: Sakhalin (Haris 2006). Shinohara (2014) followed Yoshida (2013) and included Taiwan in the distribution, but as we were unable to find the source, their statements appear to be incorrect. This species is common and widely distributed in Japan and neighboring areas, but previous distribution records may have been confused with P. membra and P. satoi sp. nov. Reconfirmation of these records will be necessary.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF3FFB6FF7B9EB0FEBEE81C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Asparagaceae: Polygonatum falcatum A. Gray (Okutani 1959, 1967, this study), Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (Sasaki 1923, Takeuchi 1949, 1950, Okutani 1959, 1967) (probably P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce var. pluriflorum (Miq.) Ohwi). Life history. This sawfly has one generation per year (Sasaki 1923, Okutani 1959, this study). The adults occur from late May to early July in Hokkaido and from middle April to middle May in the lowlands of central Honshu. The female lays several eggs in a vertical line inside the stem (Sasaki 1923, this study). In our rearing experiments, the egg period was 10 days and the larval feeding period was 16 days. The larvae occur in May and June (Sasaki 1923, Okutani 1959, this study). The mature larvae enter into the soil and overwinter (Sasaki 1923, this study).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFF3FFB6FF7B9EB0FEBEE81C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We have not examined the type specimens of P. nipponica Togashi, 1958. The male of this species can be safely identified by the distinctive male genitalia figured in the original description (figs 1, 2 in Togashi, 1958). However, the holotype is a female, and from the female characters written in the original description, it is impossible to determine which of the three Japanese species (our P. nipponica and two similar species, P. membra and P. satoi sp. nov.) is the same species as the holotype. The original description includes the figures of the female lancet (figs 6, 7 in Togashi 1958), although it is unclear whether the lancet is that of the holotype. Those figures resemble the lancets of our P. nipponica and P. satoi sp. nov. in having apical marginal sensilla long and funnel-shaped (Figs 14 H – J, 16 H; apical marginal sensilla of P. membra very short funnel-shaped, Fig. 13 I). Our P. nipponica has been widely collected throughout Honshu, including the type locality, Mt. Shiritaka-yama, while P. satoi sp. nov. has only been found in Nagano and Saitama Prefectures in central Honshu. Therefore, we believe our identification of P. nipponica is correct. This species is distinguished from the other nine species of the P. aterrima group mainly by the following characters: Lateral ridge of frontal area indistinct or slightly developed (Fig. 12 B); setae on flagellum longer than 1 / 2 middle width of flagellum 1 in female (Fig. 9 H), very long and about as long as 1.5 × that width in male (Fig. 9 K); epicnemium entirely glabrous (Figs 2 B, 4 G), rarely with setae in middle; in hind tarsus, length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.4 – 0.6 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female; tarsal claws with inner tooth large and distance between apices of apical and inner teeth shorter than depth of concavity between these teeth (Fig. 14 D); fore wing with cell 2 Rs much longer than cells 1 R 1 and 1 Rs combined in posterior length (Fig. 11 A); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2 r-rs distinctly proximally distant from junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3 rm; dorsum of abdomen distinctly or slightly shiny at least in basal few terga (Figs 12 E, F, 14 A, C); valvula 3 in lateral view with dorsal margin almost straight (Fig. 14 E); lancet almost straight, with 19 – 22 annuli (Fig. 14 F); basal two or three annuli with ctenidia reduced; marginal sensilla of middle annuli funnel-shaped and extending to near serrulae (Fig. 11 F); basal sclerites of parapenises combined tapering with acute apex and glabrous (Figs 11 C, 14 L); penis valve with valviceps about as long as valvura, roundly convex on dorsal edge and straight on ventral edge (Fig. 14 M). Togashi (1958) stated that this species may be easily separated from P. aterrima by the form of the male genitalia and ovipositor sheath, but there is no clear difference between the ovipositor sheaths of the two species in our material.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEEFFB4FF7B9CE8FBC7EC24.taxon	description	(Figs 2 F, 5 A, 6 A, E, 9 D, G, 11 B, E, H, 16) Description: Female and male. Length 8.3 – 9.5 mm in female (8.3 mm in holotype) (Fig. 16 A, B), 6.5 – 9.0 mm in male (Fig. 16 C). Black. Fore leg with apex of femur and tibia dark yellowish brown anteriorly. Wings dark blackish transparent. Setae dark brown. OOL: POL 1.2 – 1.4: 1.0 in female, 1.1 – 1.3: 1.0 in male. Postocellar area with lateral furrow elongated. Interocellar furrow indistinct or shallow. Distance between eyes at anterior tentorial pit 1.2 – 1.3 × eye height in female and male. Frontal area very shallowly concave just before median ocellus, with lateral ridge indistinct or slightly developed. Hind orbit distinctly furrowed except for ventral third, with membranous-bottom pit at ventral end of furrow (Fig. 9 B). Antenna with length 2.5 – 2.6 × head width in female, 3.3 – 3.6 × in male (Fig. 16 A, C). In female antenna, flagellum not compressed; flagellomeres scarcely bulging at apices (Figs 9 G, 16 A, B); setae slanted toward apex of antenna, slightly shorter than middle width of flagellomere 1; flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.73 – 0.80 × eye height, 3.6 – 4.7 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.1 – 1.2 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 4.5 – 6.1 × breadth in lateral view. In male, flagellum somewhat compressed from both sides, and basal and middle flagellomeres slightly bulging at apices (Figs 8 F, 16 C); setae of flagellum, except for dorsal setae, very long and about as long as 1.5 × middle width of flagellomere 1 in dorsal view; setae on dorsal side slanted toward apex of antenna, and setae on other sides almost erect; flagellomere 1 with dorsal length 0.81 – 0.96 × eye height, 3.5 – 4.0 × apical breadth in lateral view; flagellomere 2 dorsal length 1.3 – 1.4 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length; flagellomere 7 with length 7.8 – 8.5 × breadth in lateral view. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metascutellum densely covered with setae; setae on metascutellum sometimes sparser than those of mesoscutellum. Mesepisternum with anterior marginal ridge; epicnemium distinctly raised, and glabrous but sometimes with setae in anterior or middle part; epicnemial groove distinct, sometimes indistinct near middle. Mesepisternum with setae dense, ventrally very sparse, without setae anteriorly and ventrolaterally. Anepimeron without membranous part. Furrow dividing katepimeron into anterior and posterior parts indistinct; setae present on and near posterior raised margin. Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.6 – 0.7 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female (Fig. 2 F), 0.3 – 0.5 × in male. Tarsal claws with large inner tooth (Fig. 16 D); distance between apices of apical and inner teeth shorter than depth of concavity between these teeth. In fore wing, proximal part of vein 2 A + 3 A bifurcate, with anterior branch separated from vein 1 A and often faint; cell 2 Rs shorter than cells 1 R 1 and 1 Rs combined in posterior length (Figs 11 B, 16 A, C); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2 r-rs near or at junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3 r-m. Abdomen microsculptured and mat, but with basal one to three terga widely smooth or slightly microsculptured and distinctly or slightly shiny (Fig. 16 A, C). In female abdomen, ovipositor sheath 0.84 – 0.92 × as long as hind tibia; valvula 3 posteriorly extending to near apex of tergum 10 or slightly beyond it (Fig. 16 E), in lateral view with apex narrowly rounded or nearly pointed, dorsal edge straight and ventral edge rounded. Lance with basal one to five sutures winding (Fig. 16 F); first (most basal) annulus very slightly broadening dorsally. Lancet almost straight, with dorsal edge slightly rounded, with 20 – 23 annuli; first ctenidium short dorsal band; second ctenidium short dorsal band or divided into short dorsal band and very small ventral part; third ctenidia slightly or distinctly weakened in middle; apical several ctenidia dorsally slightly apart from olistheter (Fig. 16 H); serrulae, except for some basal and apical ones, each anteriorly with tubercle (Figs 11 H, 16 G, H); middle serrulae (= fifth to ninth or 11 th serrulae from base = 12 th to 16 th or 18 th from apex) each with 13 – 22 denticles (Figs 11 H); apical eight to 11 serrulae almost flat; apical nine to 14 serrulae with denticles lining up without gaps; marginal sensilla long funnel-shaped, and extending near to serrulae (Figs 11 H, 16 H), except those of several basal annuli far apart from serrulae and pore-shaped or short tubular (Fig. 16 G). In male genitalia (Figs 11 E, 16 I, J), parapenis extremely deformed, divided into lateral and basal sclerites (for these sclerites, see also Fig. 2 N), without setae; lateral sclerite located laterally to penis valve, and basal sclerite completely fused with opposite basal sclerite apically, markedly projecting and rounded apically; digitus of volsella shorter than harpe. In penis valve, valviceps about as long as valvura, apically with narrow dorsal lobe (Fig. 16 K).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEEFFB4FF7B9CE8FBC7EC24.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ Obuse, Nagano-Ken, 15 - V- 1932, coll. K. Sato ”, “ sp. No. 572 ” and “ K. Sato Collection, 1975 ” (Figs 9 G, 11 B, 16 A, B, D – F, H) (NSMT). --- Paratypes: 1 ♀ 14 ♂, same data as holotype, but 5. V. 1932 (Fig. 16 I – K) (NSMT); 3 ♀ 7 ♂, same data as holotype (Figs 11 E, H, 16 C) (NSMT); 3 ♀ 3 ♂, Japan, Honshu, Saitama Pref., “ Tajimagahara, Urawa ”, 21. IV. 1998, T. Nambu (Figs 2 F, 5 A, 6 A, E, 9 D, 16 G) (NSMT); 1 ♂, same data but, 25. IV. 2000 (NSMT).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEEFFB4FF7B9CE8FBC7EC24.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This new species is named after Kaku Sato who collected the holotype and many of the paratypes of this species. He distinguished specimens of this species from those of P. nipponica by labelling them with different species numbers.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEEFFB4FF7B9CE8FBC7EC24.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan: Honshu.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEEFFB4FF7B9CE8FBC7EC24.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEEFFB4FF7B9CE8FBC7EC24.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This new species is easily distinguished from the other nine species of the P. aterrima group by cell 2 Rs shorter than cells 1 R 1 and 1 Rs combined and the junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2 r-rs located near or at the junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3 r-m in the fore wing (Fig. 11 B). This species also has the following characters: Frontal area with lateral ridge indistinct or slightly developed; setae on flagellum longer than 1 / 2 middle width of flagellum 1 in female, very long and about as long as 1.5 × middle width of flagellum 1 in male; epicnemium entirely glabrous, sometimes with setae in middle or anterior part; in hind tarsus, length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.6 – 0.7 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female; tarsal claws with inner tooth large and distance between apices of apical and inner teeth shorter than depth of concavity between these teeth (Fig. 16 D); dorsum of abdomen basally distinctly or slightly shiny (Fig. 16 A, C); valvula 3 in lateral view with dorsal margin straight (Fig. 16 E); lancet almost straight, with 20 – 23 annuli (Fig. 16 F, H); first to second or third ctenidia reduced; marginal sensilla of middle annuli funnel-shaped and extending to near serrulae (Figs 11 H); basal sclerites of parapenises markedly projecting posteriorly with round apex and glabrous (Figs 11 D, 16 J); in penis valve, valviceps about as long as valvula, with narrow dorsolateral lobe at apex (Fig. 16 I – K). Species group of Phymatocera fumipennis	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEEFFB4FF7B9CE8FBC7EC24.taxon	description	Description. Genal orbit without pit (Figs 8 C, 9 A). Malar space facing almost laterally (Fig. 9 C), 0.3 – 0.8 × as broad as median ocellus width. Antenna with length 1.8 – 2.4 × head width in female, 2.1 – 3.2 × in male (Figs 17 A, C, 18 A, C, D); flagellum with setae short and uniform in length, as long as or shorter than 1 / 2 middle width of flagellomere 1 in dorsal view in female and male (Fig. 9 E, F, I, J); flagellomere 2 dorsal length 0.7 – 1.1 × flagellomere 1 dorsal length in female (Fig. 10 E, G), 0.9 – 1.2 × in male (Fig. 10 F, H). Mesoscutellar appendage 0.23 – 0.29 × as long as mesoscutellum (Figs 2 A, 17 E). Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.3 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female and male. Tarsal claws with inner tooth large or small (Figs 17 F, G, 18 E, F; figs 260, 261 in Goulet 1992). Dorsal membranous area of abdominal segment 1 bell shaped or almost triangular, with middle width about 0.4 – 1.0 × length (Figs 17 E, 18 G; fig. 273 in Goulet 1992).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEEFFB4FF7B9CE8FBC7EC24.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No apomorphic characters have been found to suggest the monophyly of this group. Goulet (1981) considered an asymmetrical expansion of the apex of a pedicel to be a synapomorphy in Nearctic Phymatocera species, all of which belong to the P. fumipennis group. However, this character is found in P. aterrima group (compare Fig. 9 E, F, I, J with Fig. 9 G, H, K, L). Species included. This species group includes five Nearctic species (see Smith 1969, Goulet 1981) and the following two East Palearctic species: P. fuscata (Togashi, 1984) comb. nov. from Japan (Honshu); P. peregrinator (Malaise, 1931) comb. nov. from Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) and Russia (Kamchatka).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFECFFB2FF7B98B0FE60EAF9.taxon	description	(Figs 8 C, 9 E, I, N, 10 A, C, E, F, 17)	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFECFFB2FF7B98B0FE60EAF9.taxon	description	Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum covered with setae, but not very densely. Metascutellum glabrous, laterally sparsely with setae. Epicnemium covered with setae, slightly raised, with epicnemial groove shallow and not very distinct (Fig. 10 C). Mesepisternum glabrous on wide ventrolateral part. Furrow dividing katepimeron into anterior and posterior parts distinct. Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.3 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female and male. Tarsal claws with inner tooth small in female (Fig. 17 F), very small in male (Fig. 17 G). In fore wing, proximal part of vein 2 A + 3 A bifurcated, with anterior branch separated from vein 1 A in female (Fig. 17 H), but simple, almost straight and not bifurcated in male (Fig. 17 I); cell 2 Rs slightly shorter than cells 1 R 1 and 1 Rs combined in posterior length (Fig. 17 A, C); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2 r-rs far separated proximally from junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3 r-m. Abdomen slightly shiny and distinctly microsculptured in female, rather shiny and slightly microsculptured in male. In female abdomen, ovipositor sheath 0.74 × as long as hind tibia; valvula 3 slightly extending beyond tergum 10 posteriorly (Fig. 17 J). Lancet with ctenidia extending to serrulae and serrulae separated from each other and each angularly convex and without tubercle (fig. 9 in Togashi, 1984). Male genitalia (Fig. 17 K; fig. 10 in Togashi, 1984) with parapenis triangular, mostly membranous, narrowly sclerotized on basal and lateral margins; digitus of volsella nearly straight (fig. 10 in Togashi, 1984). In penis valve (fig. 11 in Togashi, 1984), valviceps longer than valvura, with apex widely rounded, dorsal edge markedly roundly convex on apical half and ventral edge straight.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFECFFB2FF7B98B0FE60EAF9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material of Rhadinoceraea fuscata Togashi, 1984: Holotype: ♀, with three labels, “ Mt. Shironuki, Ishikawa Pref., May 18, 1980, I. TOGASHI ”, “ Rhadinoceraea fuscata Togashi sp. nov., det. Togashi, 1983 ” and “ Typus ” (Figs 8 C, 9 E, 10 A, C, E, 17 A, B, F, H, J) (ovipositor missing) (KU). --- Paratype: 1 ♂, with the same data label as the holotype and “ Rhadinoceraea fuscata n. sp., det. Togashi, 1983 ” and “ [Paratype (in Japanese)] ” (Figs 9 I, N, 10 F, 17 C, D, E, G, I, K) (penis valve missing) (KU).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFECFFB2FF7B98B0FE60EAF9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Togashi, 1984).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFECFFB2FF7B98B0FE60EAF9.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFECFFB2FF7B98B0FE60EAF9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is distinguished from the other East Palearctic species of the P. fumipennis group, P. peregrinator comb. nov., by having the following characters, in addition to the characters mentioned in the key: Distance between eyes at anterior tentorial pit 1.2 × height of eye (1.3 – 1.4 × in P. peregrinator); length of antenna 1.8 × width of head in female, 2.1 × in male (2.1 – 2.4 × in female, 2.7 – 3.2 × in male in P. peregrinator); dorsal length of flagellomere 2 0.71 × that length of flagellomere 1 in female, 0.87 × in male (0.98 – 1.1 × in female, 1.1 – 1.2 × in male in P. peregrinator). In the keys to Nearctic Phymatocera species by Smith (1969) and Goulet (1981), this species goes to the couplets leading to P. rusculla MacGillivray, 1923 and P. similata MacGillivray, 1908, but differs from them in having flagellomere 2 clearly shorter than flagellomere 1 (Fig. 10 E, F) (flagellomere 2 subequal to or longer than flagellomere 1 in the latter two; Smith 1969, fig. 45) and the serrulae of the lancet closer together (fig. 9 in Togashi, 1984) (the serrulae farther apart in the latter two; see figs 143, 144 in Smith, 1969). Togashi (1984) placed this species in Rhadinoceraea, and described “ mesopleuron without prepectus (= epicnemium) ”. However, in the holotype (female) and paratype (male), the epicnemium is present, although poorly developed (Fig. 10 C). Therefore, we transfer this species from Rhadinoceraea to Phymatocera (see also the remarks of the section of Phymatocera).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEAFFBFFF7B9E8CFC77ED4C.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A – C, 2 A, C, G, J, 7 B, 9 A, C, F, J, M, 10 B, D, G, H, 18)	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEAFFBFFF7B9E8CFC77ED4C.taxon	description	Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum covered with setae, but not very densely; mesoscutellum often medially narrowly glabrous (Fig. 2 A). Metascutellum glabrous, usually laterally with several setae, or rarely mostly covered with sparse setae. Epicnemium covered with setae except for narrow anterior part, and markedly raised, with epicnemial groove deep (Fig. 10 D). Mesepisternum glabrous on wide ventrolateral part; setae sparse on ventral part. Furrow dividing katepimeron into anterior and posterior parts usually distinct; setae present on posterior raised margin. Hind tarsus with length of plantar lobe of tarsomere 1 about 0.3 × distance between plantar lobes of tarsomeres 1 and 2 in female and male. Tarsal claws with inner tooth small or very small in female (Fig. 18 E), very small in male (Fig. 18 F). In fore wing, proximal part of vein 2 A + 3 A bifurcated, with anterior branch separated from vein 1 A or rarely fused with vein 1 A, and basally narrowing or disappearing and becoming small isolated piece (Fig. 2 G); cell 2 Rs as long as or longer than cells 1 R 1 and 1 Rs combined in posterior length (Figs 2 G, 18 A, C, D); junction of vein Rs and crossvein 2 r-rs far or slightly proximal to junction of vein Rs and crossvein 3 r-m. Abdomen shiny and slightly microsculptured (Fig. 18 C, D). In female abdomen, ovipositor sheath 0.80 – 0.88 × as long as hind tibia; valvula 3 slightly or distinctly extending beyond tergum 10 posteriorly (Fig. 18 H), in lateral view with apex widely rounded or rarely narrowly rounded, dorsal edge straight and ventral edge slightly rounded. Lancet sinuate, with 15 – 16 annuli (Fig. 18 I, L); ctenidia ventrally narrowing, not reaching to ventral edge of lancet (Fig. 18 J); serrulae angularly convex, each with posterior slope slightly longer than anterior slope, without tubercle; middle serrulae each with 6 – 9 denticles on anterior slope and 9 – 13 denticles on posterior slope, although denticles on apex sometimes inconspicuous probably due to wear; marginal sensilla each with apex located at apex of serrula. Male genitalia (Fig. 18 M, N) with parapenis well developed, entirely sclerotized, and apically widely rounded. In penis valve (Fig. 18 O), valviceps about as long as valvura, with dorsal edge markedly roundly convex on apical half, apex widely rounded, and ventral edge basally rounded.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEAFFBFFF7B9E8CFC77ED4C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material of Neotomostethus peregrinator Malaise, 1931: Lectotype (here designated): ♀, with five labels, “ Hakodate Japan Malaise ”, “ Typus ”, “ Neotomostethus peregrinator n. sp. Typus Malaise det ”, “ NRM Sthlm Loan 547 / 10 ” and “ NHRS-HEVA 000019819 ” (Figs 1 B, C, 2 A, 10 B, 18 A, B) (NHRS). --- Paralectotype: 1 ♀, with five labels, “ KAMTSCHATKA Malaise ”, “ Paratypus ”, “ Neotomostethus peregrinator n. sp. Paratypus Malaise det ”, “ NRM Sthlm Loan 548 / 10 ” and “ NHRS-HEVA 000019818 ” (Fig. 18 G) (NHRS). Malaise (1931 a) described this species from three females collected by the author, one near “ Petropawlowsk, Kamtchatca ” and two near “ Hakodate in Japan ”. Only the above two types are now kept in the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Malaise (1931 a) did not designate the holotype, although the two types are differently labelled “ Typus ” and “ Paratypus ”. We designate the type from Hakodate labelled “ Typus ” as the lectotype. Type material of Phymatocera hokkaidonis Togashi, 2004: Holotype: ♀, with three labels, “ Izumisawa Chitose 15 / V, 1993 Y. NISHIJIMA ”, “ Holotype Phymatocera hokkaidonis sp. nov. ” and “ NSMT-HYM 62242 ” (Figs 9 F, 18 C) (NSMT). --- Paratype: 1 ♀, with three labels, “ Izumisawa Chitose 15 / V, 1993 Y. NISHIJIMA ”, “ Paratype Phymatocera hokkaidonis sp. nov. ” and “ NSMT-HYM 38096 ”; 1 ♀, with same data label but “ 2 / VI, 1993 ” and “ NSMT-HYM 62243 ” (Figs 7 B, 9 A, 10 G, 18 E, I – L) (NSMT). Other material examined: JAPAN: HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, Shikaoi, lake Shikaribetsu-ko, 800 m alt., 22 – 23. VI. 2000, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Kamikawa, Sounkyo, 19. VI. 1938, K. Sato (NSMT); 1 ♀, Higashikawa, Asahidakeonsen, 1050 m alt., 43 ° 39 ’ N 142 ° 47 ’ E, 29 – 30. VI. 2000, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 5 ♀ 4 ♂, same data but, 23 – 26. VI. 2007, A. Shinohara (Fig. 18 D) (NSMT); 1 ♀ 2 ♂, same data but, 22 – 24. VI. 2008 (Fig. 18 F, M – O) (NSMT); 3 ♀ 2 ♂, same data but, 27 – 29. VI. 2009 (Figs 9 J, 10 H) (NSMT); 2 ♀, same data but, 5. VII. 2010 (NSMT); 2 ♂, same data but, 29. VI. 2013 (NSMT); 1 ♀, same data but, 26. VI. 2015 (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, same data but, 21. VI. 2016 (NSMT); 1 ♀, Fukagawa, Takadomari, 6 – 14. VI. 2007, H. Hara (NSMT); 2 ♀, Sapporo, 16, 18. V. 1930, S. Fujii (NSMT); 1 ♀, Sapporo, “ Zyo. ”, 21. V. 1964, “ K. Kushig. ” (HU); 1 ♀, Sapporo, Hitsujigaoka, 43 ° 00 ’ N 141 ° 24 ’ E, 25. VI. – 2. VII. 2003, K. Konishi (NSMT); 2 ♀ 1 ♂, Sapporo, Hoheikyo, 12, 15. VI. 1979, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Sapporo, “ Zyo. ”, 21. V. 1964, “ K. Kushige. ” (HU); 8 ♀, Abira, Oiwake, 42 ° 52 ’ N 141 ° 48 ’ E, 12, 15, V. 2020, H. Hara (Figs 1 A, 2 C, G, J, 9 C, 10 D, 18 H) (NSMT); 1 ♀, same data but, 3. V. 2023, H. Hara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Abira, “ Hayakita ”, 30. V. 1986, H. Hara (NSMT). --- HONSHU: 1 ♀, Tottori Pref., Mt. Daisen, Yokotemichi, ca. 850 m alt., 35 ° 22 ’ 39 ’’ N 133 ° 31 ’ 22 ’’ E, 28 – 29. IV. 2007, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEAFFBFFF7B9E8CFC77ED4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia: Kamchatka (Malaise 1931 a). Japan: Hokkaido (Malaise 1931 a, Togashi 2004), Honshu (new record). The original description states the localities of the type specimens as Kamchatka and near “ Hakodate in Japan ”, the latter of which is undoubtedly a city in Hokkaido. However, Abe & Togashi (1989) listed only “ [Honshu (in Japanese)] ” as the distribution of this species. This is incorrect, and we have been unable to find any records from Honshu based on evidence (such as specimen data). Probably due to their mistake, Lelej (2012), Sundukov (2017 b) and Naito (2019, 2020) included Honshu in addition to Kamchatka and Hokkaido in the distribution of this species. In this study, this species is recorded from Honshu for the first time.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEAFFBFFF7B9E8CFC77ED4C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown. Life history. Adults were collected during early May and early July in Hokkaido.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFEAFFBFFF7B9E8CFC77ED4C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is distinguished from the other East Palearctic species of the P. fumipennis group, P. fuscata comb. nov., by the characters given in the key and the remarks in the latter species section. This species quite agrees with the descriptions of Nearctic P. similata by Smith (1969) and Goulet (1981). However, the former differs from the latter by having the apical tooth of the tarsal claw sharply curved (Fig. 18 E, F) and the lancet with ctenidial setae becoming shorter and less distinct ventrally and serrulae shallower (Fig. 18 J). The latter species has the apical tooth of the tarsal claw gently curved (Smith 1969, Goulet 1981) and the lancet with ctenidial setae long and distinct throughout and serrulae deeper (fig. 144 in Smith 1969). Togashi (2004) wrote, “ post-genal carina distinct below eye ” in the original description of Phymatocera hokkaidonis, but the holotype and two paratypes has the posterior edge of the gena not carinate. Generic positions of Phymatocera foveata Wei, 1998 and Phymatocera sinica Wei, 2002 According to the original descriptions of Phymatocera foveata Wei, 1998 and Phymatocera sinica Wei, 2002 (Nie & Wei 1998, Wei, 2002), those species lack an epicnemium and have a membranous-bottom pit in the genal orbit and short setae on the male flagellum. Phymatocera has an epicnemium and does not have the combination of two characters, a genal-orbital pit and short male flagellar setae. The genus that has the combination of the three characters seen in those two species is Rhadinoceraea Konow, 1886 (see Smith 1969, Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1988). Therefore, these two species should be transferred to Rhadinoceraea.	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFE7FFBFFF7B99B4FDB2EC6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: China (Hebei, Henan).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFE3FFBBFF7B9961FC3CEE80.taxon	materials_examined	JAPAN: Hokkaido: 1 ♀, Fukagawa, Takadomari, 43 ° 55 ’ N 142 ° 03 ’ E, 2. VI. 2018, H. Hara (Fig. 4 C) (NSMT). Ardis pallipes (Serville, 1823) JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀, Hyogo Pref., Muraoka, 14. V. 1991, T. Kitani (Fig. 5 E) (NSMT). Esehabachia luteipes Togashi, 1984 JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀ (holotype), Ishikawa Pref., Chugu Onsen, 25. VI. 1974, I. Togashi (Fig. 3 D) (NSMT). Eutomostethus apicalis (Matsumura, 1912) JAPAN: Hokkaido: 1 ♂, Kamifurano, 43 ° 30 ’ N 142 ° 34 ’ E, 19. VII. 2019, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Iwamizawa, Mt. Sankaku-yama, 43 ° 05 ’ N 141 ° 50 ’ E, 1. VII. 2017, H. Hara (NSMT). Eutomostethus pilosus Seiyama, 1981 JAPAN: Hokkaido: 1 ♂, Shikaoi, 43 ° 19 ’ N 143 ° 07 ’ E, 10. VII. 2020, H. Hara (NSMT). Eutomostethus togashii Seiyama, 1981 JAPAN: Hokkaido: 1 ♀, Shikaoi, 43 ° 19 ’ N 143 ° 07 ’ E, 13 – 14. VII. 2016, H. Hara (NSMT). Hoplocampoides longiserrus Naito, 1995 JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀ (holotype), Gunma Pref., Mt. Harunasan, 16. V. 1993, K. Usuba (Fig. 4 F, H) (NSMT). Masaakia longivaginata Takeuchi, 1950 JAPAN: Hokkaido; 1 ♀, Mikasa, Kayano, 43 ° 12 ′ N 141 ° 51 ′ E, 19. V. 2020, H. Hara (Fig. 6 D, H) (NSMT). Nesotomostethus religiosa (Marlatt, 1898) JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀, Nagano Pref., Matsumoto, Nagawa, 35 ° 03 ’ N 138 ° 41 ’ E, 6. VIII. 2020, H. Hara (Figs 5 B, 6 C, G) (NSMT). Nipponocampa esakii Okutani, 1972 JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀ (paratype), Hyogo Pref., Takino, 16. IV. 1960 (Fig. 4 A) (NSMT). Onychostethomostus gilvipes Togashi, 1984 JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀ (holotype), Fukui Pref., Ikeda, Mt. Kanakusa-dake, 9. VI. 1981, T. Murota (Fig. 3 B, C) (KU). Paracharactus leucopodus Rohwer, 1910 JAPAN: Honshu: 6 ♀ 6 ♂, Tochigi Pref., Sakura, 6 and 8 gregarious larvae on Smilax china, coll. 16. V. 2016, mat. 27, 30. V., em. 20, 21. IV. 2017, S. Ibuki (Figs 6 B, F, 7 D, F) (NSMT).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFE3FFBBFF7B9DA5FB24EADC.taxon	materials_examined	FINLAND: 1 ♀, “ K: lojo ”, R. Forsius (NSMT). --- CZECHIA: 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Karlštejn. V. 1970, Beneš (Fig. 2 M, N) (NSMT). --- HUNGARY: 1 ♀, “ Hungaria Matsumura ” (HU). --- GERMANY: 3 ♀ 2 ♂, Darmstadt, Meyer (NSMT); 2 ♂, same locality, 13. VI. 1928, R. Meyer (NSMT); 3 ♂, same data, 19. VI. 1929 (NSMT); 1 ♀, ditto, 12. VI. 1931 (NSMT). --- ITARY: 1 ♂, Lago di Tenno, 3 – 6. V. 1976, A. Shinohara (NSMT). --- GREAT BRITAIN: 1 ♂, Hertfordshire, Berkhamsted, 20. V. 1930, R. B. Benson (NSMT). --- FRANCE: 1 ♀, “ Montigny-lès-Clles ”, 23. V. 1966 (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, ditto, 30. VI. 1966 (NSMT). Phymatocera sp.: P. fumipennis (Norton, 1861) or P. smilacinae (Smith, 1969) USA: 1 ♂, New Jersey, Princeton, 3. VII. 1941, K. W. Cooper (NSMT). Phymatocera sp. 1 RUSSIA: Primorsky Krai: 1 ♂, 14 km west of Nakahodka, 11. VIII. 1992, A. Saito (NSMT). Phymatocera sp. 2 CHINA: Hunan: 3 ♂, Mt. Yunshan, 26 ° 39 ’ N 110 ° 37 ’ E, 15 – 16. IV. 2013, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Phymatocera sp. 3 CHINA: Sichuan: 1 ♀, Emeishan, 29 ° 33 ’ N 103 ° 17 ’ E, 15. V. 2015, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Phymatocera sp. 4 CHINA: Hunan: 1 ♀, Hupingshan, 30 ° 07 ’ N 110 ° 47 ’ E, 13. IV. 2013, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Phymatocera sp. 5 CHINA: Shaanxi: 1 ♀, Mt. Taibaishan, 34 ° 00 ’ N 107 ° 51 ’ E, 5. VI. 2006, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
26267A73FFE2FFBAFF7B9DECFC08EC6D.taxon	materials_examined	USA: 1 ♂, Maryland, Allegany Co., 11 km E Flintstone, 11 – 20. V. 1992, E. M. Barrows (NSMT); 1 ♀, same data but, 31. V. – 9. VI. 1992 (NSMT). Pareophora gracilis Takeuchi, 1952 JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀, Tochigi Pref., Nakagawa, 36 ° 47 ’ N 140 ° 10 ’ E, larva on Cerasus sp., coll. 27. V. 2023, mat. 29. V., em. 9. IV. 2024, S. Ibuki (Fig. 5 D) (NSMT). Periclista nigrifrons Togashi, 1999 JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀, Tochigi Pref., Nakagawa, Wami, 36 ° 45 ’ N 140 ° 09 ’ E, larva on Quercus serrata, coll. 7. V. 2019, mat. 15. V., em. 4. IV. 2020, S. Ibuki (Fig. 5 F) (NSMT). Phymatoceriola nipponensis Togashi, 1984 JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♀, Ibaraki Pref., Sakuragawa, Hirasawa, 36 ° 24 ’ N 140 ° 09 ’ E, 19. IV. 2023, H. Hara (Fig. 4 E) (NSMT); 1 ♀ (holotype), Ishikawa Pref., Sodani, 25. IV. 1973, I. Togashi (Fig. 7 A) (KU). Phymatoceriola suigenensis Sato, 1928 KOREA: 1 ♀, (lectotype), “ Suigen ”, 22. IV. 1924, K. Sato (Fig. 8 B) (NSMT); 1 ♂, same data but, 25. IV. 1938 (Fig. 8 G) (NSMT). Phymatoceriola ussuriensis Malaise, 1964 JAPAN: Honshu: 1 ♂, Tokyo Met., Komazawa, 23. IV. 1934, G. Yamamoto (Fig. 8 E) (NSMT). Phymatoceriola spp. See Hara et al. (2024). Phymatoceropsis fulvocincta Rohwer, 1916 TAIWAN: 1 ♂, Nantou, “ Nanchanchi nr. Puli ”, 21. III. 1979, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, Nantou, “ Tsuifeng, 2300 m ”, 23. III. 1979, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, same data but, 15. III. 1991 (NSMT). Phymatoceropsis japonica (Malaise, 1931) JAPAN: Hokkaido: 1 ♀, Bibai, Tomei, 43 ° 20 ’ N 141 ° 54 ’ E, 15. V. 2019, H. Hara (Fig. 5 C) (NSMT); 1 ♂, Bibai, Minamibibai, 43 ° 18 ’ N 141 ° 53 ’ E, 16. V. 2022, H. Hara (NSMT); 1 ♂, Sapporo, Mt. Sankaku-yama, 43 ° 03 ’ N 141 ° 17 ’ E, 2. V. 2020, H. Hara (NSMT). Rhadinoceraea micans (Klug, 1816) FRANCE: 1 ♀, “ Milon-la-Chelle ”, 18. V. 1974, J. Lacourt. (NSMT) --- FINLAND: 4 ♀, Pälkäne, 10 – 13. VI. 1975, J. & H. Kangas (NSMT). --- 7 ♀ 2 ♂, “ Europe, Matsumura ” (HU). Tomostethus nigritus (Fabricius, 1804) JAPAN: Hokkaido: 1 ♀, Abira, Oiwake, 42 ° 52 ’ N 141 ° 48 ’ E, 12, V. 2020, H. Hara (Figs 3 A, 4 B, I) (NSMT). Veratra nodicornis (Konow, 1886) FRANCE: 2 ♀, Praz-de-Saint-Bon, 29. V. 1977, J. Lacourt (NSMT).	en	Hara, Hideho, Ibuki, Shinichi, Vårdal, Hege (2025): The sawfly genus Phymatocera (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) of Japan. Zootaxa 5711 (2): 151-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5711.2.1
