identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8E6CCDFF76C32FFD7C6B1C47653AEBC8.text	8E6CCDFF76C32FFD7C6B1C47653AEBC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlorospingus speculiferus Lawrence	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Passeriformes Thraupidae</p><p>Chlorospingus speculiferus Lawrence</p><p>Chlorospingus speculiferus Lawrence 1875: 383.</p><p>Now.</p><p>Nesospingus speculiferus (Lawrence 1875): 383. See Cory (1889: 86).</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Lawrence (1875) described this species and attributed its discovery to Gundlach, but Gundlach (1878b) corrected this, stating that the specimen was collected by Tomás Blanco y González in Puerto Rico. Gundlach most probably received the specimen from Blanco in 1868. He later transferred it to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C. (today USNM) and there Gundlach was given as collector. As Lawrence (1875) wrote "Type in National Museum, Washington", the type series consists of only one specimen which is the only available specimen of that species at the USNM "collected by Gundlach" and is therefore the holotype. An additional specimen of this species from the Gundlach collection is housed at the ZMB (ZMB 24887), but it was collected by Stahl between 1878 and 1880 and was sent directly from Gundlach to Berlin. It is therefore not part of the type series. LeCroy (2012) noted that a further specimen at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH 3262) has a type label for Chlorospingus speculiferus . But she did not consider it as a type specimen because it is not dated and Gundlach is not indicated clearly as the collector. We follow this argument. It appears that Gundlach never collected this species himself.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>USNM 75331, skin, unsexed, collected by Tomás Blanco y González on Puerto Rico [in the period 1863-1868].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Porto Rico [today Puerto Rico], no further details available.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The specimen was catalogued at the USNM on 18 October 1878, but Lawrence previously wrote in the description in 1875 that the specimen was housed in the National Museum, Washington. We do not know when the specimen arrived at the USNM. It may be that it remained there uncatalogued until the discussion about the type with Gundlach started in 1877. As it is the only specimen of this species collected by “Gundlach” at the USNM, we believe that USNM 75331 should be the type specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E6CCDFF76C32FFD7C6B1C47653AEBC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Roman, Rafaela Aguilera;Eckhoff, Pascal;Wiley, James W.	Frahnert, Sylke, Roman, Rafaela Aguilera, Eckhoff, Pascal, Wiley, James W. (2015): Juan Cristobal Gundlach's collections of Puerto Rican birds with special regard to types. Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (2): 177-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550
2530C3DD2A9244201518A1F3647F24CC.text	2530C3DD2A9244201518A1F3647F24CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blacius blancoi Cabanis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Passeriformes Tyrannidae</p><p>Blacius blancoi Cabanis</p><p>Blacius blancoi Cabanis 1875: 244.</p><p>Now.</p><p>Contopus latirostris blancoi (Cabanis 1875): 224. See Cory (1889: 129), Sclater (1888: 243), Traylor (1979: 135).</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Not specified by Cabanis (1875). There is only one specimen noted in the inventory catalogue of the ZMB (ZMB 21492). But because the species was discovered and named by Gundlach all the specimens collected during the first expedition to Puerto Rico should be regarded as types according the ICZN (1999). Another specimen collected by Gundlach is housed at the IES (IES 2576). The date is given as “December” on the label. As Gundlach left Puerto Rico on 4 December 1873 after his first expedition to Puerto Rico it is more likely that he collected this specimen during his second expedition (December 1875). Thus, this specimen cannot be included in the type series because the description of Cabanis was published in April 1875.</p><p>Syntype.</p><p>ZMB 21492, skin, adult male, collected by J. C. Gundlach in Portorico [Puerto Rico] [in the period 06.-12.1873].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Portorico [today Puerto Rico], no further details available.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Gundlach discovered this new species and named it in honor of his friend Tomás Blanco y González (1840-1892), living in Puerto Rico. Gundlach (1874) included the species in his published list without description. Cabanis (1875) added the missing description, so he is officially the author of this species, following the ICZN (1999).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2530C3DD2A9244201518A1F3647F24CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Roman, Rafaela Aguilera;Eckhoff, Pascal;Wiley, James W.	Frahnert, Sylke, Roman, Rafaela Aguilera, Eckhoff, Pascal, Wiley, James W. (2015): Juan Cristobal Gundlach's collections of Puerto Rican birds with special regard to types. Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (2): 177-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550
BCFA636EAB27CA346D730799A26E50D0.text	BCFA636EAB27CA346D730799A26E50D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asio portoricensis Ridgway	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Strigiformes Strigidae</p><p>Asio portoricensis Ridgway</p><p>Asio portoricensis Ridgway 1882: 366.</p><p>Now.</p><p>Asio flammeus portoricensis (Cory 1889: 191; Peters 1940: 170).</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Ridgway (1882) attributed the discovery of this species to Baird et al. (1874) when the existence of a new species of this genus from Puerto Rico was determined. Lacking further material for comparison, this species remained unnamed in 1874. In his description, Ridgway (1882) wrote that he had studied 4 specimens from Puerto Rico, one specimen in the USNM (USNM 39643 which was illustrated and described as aberrant by Baird et al. (1874) and three specimens which were collected by Gundlach and received for determination from George Newbold Lawrence. Ridgway reported that all four specimens were very similar and described the new species. Therefore, all four specimens are syntypes. Some of Gundlach’s specimens passed to Lawrence. The specimen USNM 086039 came with the Lawrence collection to the USNM where it was catalogued in 1882 (in litt. James Dean to JWW, 3 June 2009). Two other specimens of Asio flammeus of the Lawrence collection came to the AMNH (AMNH 44768, AMNH 44769) in 1887 (in litt. Mary LeCroy 27 September 2013). One of them (AMNH 44768) was later (c. 1920, in litt. Jeremiah Trimble 25 October 2013) given to the MCZ, where it is housed today (MCZ 96674).</p><p>Syntype.</p><p>USNM 086039, skin, adult male, collected by J. C. Gundlach in Portorico [Puerto Rico].</p><p>Syntype.</p><p>USNM 39643, skin, adult, collected by G. Latimer on the north side of Portorico [Puerto Rico] [in 1864/65 according to catalogue USNM], catalogued at the USNM on 10 November 1865.</p><p>Syntype.</p><p>AMNH 44769, skin, male, collected by J. C. Gundlach in Portorico [Puerto Rico].</p><p>Syntype.</p><p>MCZ 96674 (former AMNH 44768), skin, collected by J. C. Gundlach in Portorico [Puerto Rico].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Porto Rico [today Puerto Rico], no further details available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BCFA636EAB27CA346D730799A26E50D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Roman, Rafaela Aguilera;Eckhoff, Pascal;Wiley, James W.	Frahnert, Sylke, Roman, Rafaela Aguilera, Eckhoff, Pascal, Wiley, James W. (2015): Juan Cristobal Gundlach's collections of Puerto Rican birds with special regard to types. Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (2): 177-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550
128256193CA5EAC24E5A2AF554161360.text	128256193CA5EAC24E5A2AF554161360.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnoglaux Krugii Gundlach	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Strigiformes Strigidae</p><p>Gymnoglaux Krugii Gundlach</p><p>Gymnoglaux Krugii Gundlach 1874: 310, 315.</p><p>Now.</p><p>Megascops nudipes nudipes (Gundlach 1874): 310, 315. See Gundlach (1878b: 164/165), Cory (1889: 192).</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Not specified by Gundlach (1874). There are two specimens noted in the inventory catalogue of the ZMB. Therefore these are syntypes.</p><p>Syntype.</p><p>ZMB 21596, skin, male, collected by J. C. Gundlach in Portorico [Puerto Rico] [in the period 06.-12.1873].</p><p>Syntype.</p><p>ZMB 21597, skin, female, collected by J. C. Gundlach in Portorico [Puerto Rico] [in the period 06.-12.1873].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Portorico [today Puerto Rico], no further details available.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Gundlach discovered this new species and named it in honor of his patron Carl Wilhelm Leopold Krug (1833-1898), who served as the German and British Vice-consul in Mayagüez . In his 1878(b) publication, Gundlach synonymized it with " Gymnoglaux nudipes ( Strix) Daud".</p><p>There are further specimens of this species from the Gundlach collection in the ZMB (ZMB 22654, 22655 [missing], 25223 [collected by Stahl], 25224 [collected by Stahl]), the IES (IES 2584 and without number [missing, fide Valdes Ragués (1914)]) and the AMNH (AMNH 44792-44795) which were (most probable for the IES and two of the AMNH specimens) collected during Gundlach’s second expedition to Puerto Rico or even later by Agustin Stahl (1842-1917). Thus, due to missing exact information we do not regard any of these specimens as types.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/128256193CA5EAC24E5A2AF554161360	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Roman, Rafaela Aguilera;Eckhoff, Pascal;Wiley, James W.	Frahnert, Sylke, Roman, Rafaela Aguilera, Eckhoff, Pascal, Wiley, James W. (2015): Juan Cristobal Gundlach's collections of Puerto Rican birds with special regard to types. Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (2): 177-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550
203CA580AF9FCACB0F669AA4FF65D3B3.text	203CA580AF9FCACB0F669AA4FF65D3B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlorestes gertrudis Gundlach	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Apodiformes Trochilidae</p><p>Chlorestes gertrudis Gundlach</p><p>Chlorestes gertrudis Gundlach 1874: 312, 315.</p><p>Now.</p><p>Chlorostilbon maugaeus (Gundlach 1878b, Cory 1889: 154, Salvin 1892: 58, Peters 1955: 39).</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Not specified by Gundlach (1874). In 1878, Gundlach (1878b) wrote that he collected one male of this new species which was sent to Berlin later and so it is the holotype.</p><p>Holotype .</p><p>ZMB 21628, skin, adult male, collected by J. C. Gundlach in Portorico [Puerto Rico] in November [1873].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Porto Rico [today Puerto Rico, western part (Wiley et al. 2014)].</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Gundlach was not aware of the description of Sporadinus maugaeus Viell. 1817 when he described Chlorestes gertrudis . In his second publication on the birds of Puerto Rico (1878b), Gundlach suspected synonymy with this species but he was uncertain.</p><p>Gundlach (1874) named Chlorestes gertrudis, a synonym of Chlorostilbon maugaeus, as a new species, in honor of Gertrud Krug, wife of his friend Leopold Krug (Gundlach 1878a: 182; in litt. JCG to Felipe Poey; 1 August 1873; from Mayagüez, Puerto Rico; AhULH). Blanco (1969), however, claimed it was named in recognition of doña Gertrudis Gonzalez de la Parte, mother of Tomás Blanco. Valdes Ragués (1914) listed five unnamed specimens of “zumbador” in his catalogue, probably a combination of Antillean mango (3 specimens), green mango (1), and Puerto Rican emerald (1).</p><p>Five additional specimens of this species were collected by Gundlach (ZMB 22672-22674; IES 2578; AMNH 38784), but all have been collected during his second expedition to Puerto Rico and, therefore, we do not regard them as types.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/203CA580AF9FCACB0F669AA4FF65D3B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Roman, Rafaela Aguilera;Eckhoff, Pascal;Wiley, James W.	Frahnert, Sylke, Roman, Rafaela Aguilera, Eckhoff, Pascal, Wiley, James W. (2015): Juan Cristobal Gundlach's collections of Puerto Rican birds with special regard to types. Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (2): 177-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550
E8B51EE6722C6C4D4061CAD72FA3DEF9.text	E8B51EE6722C6C4D4061CAD72FA3DEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conurus gundlachi Cabanis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Psittaciformes Psittacidae</p><p>Conurus gundlachi Cabanis</p><p>Conurus gundlachi Cabanis 1881a: 5.</p><p>Now.</p><p>Psittacara chloropterus maugei ( Souancé 1856: 59, Cory 1889: 180, Salvadori 1891: 189, Ridgway 1916: 155, Peters 1937: 188, Wiley et al. 2014: 257, Olson 2015).</p><p>Type series.</p><p>Cabanis mentioned in his description as well as in Cabanis (1881b) that he described the species based on two left wings, which means his description is based on two specimens.</p><p>Syntype (lost).</p><p>ZMB 2000.35468, wing, [collected by Dr. Claudio Federico Block on Isla de Mona, Portorico [Puerto Rico] before 1874].</p><p>Syntype (lost).</p><p>ZMB 2000/35469, wing, [collected by Dr. Claudio Federico Block on Isla de Mona, Portorico [Puerto Rico] before 1874].</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Insel Mona near Portorico [today Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico].</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Three wings of a parakeet from Isla de Mona were collected by Dr. Claudio Federico Block (or Bloch), a Danish physician and hunter from Mayagüez, who gave the wings to Gundlach probably in 1875. Two of the wings arrived in Berlin in October 1876 (B 14144). But they did not get inventory numbers and the whereabouts of the wings are unclear, so they are apparently lost. The whereabouts of the third wing is unknown, too (Olson 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8B51EE6722C6C4D4061CAD72FA3DEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Frahnert, Sylke;Roman, Rafaela Aguilera;Eckhoff, Pascal;Wiley, James W.	Frahnert, Sylke, Roman, Rafaela Aguilera, Eckhoff, Pascal, Wiley, James W. (2015): Juan Cristobal Gundlach's collections of Puerto Rican birds with special regard to types. Zoosystematics and Evolution 91 (2): 177-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.91.5550
