identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
EB3AB7C03AF744EB41503BF7D43BCAAC.text	EB3AB7C03AF744EB41503BF7D43BCAAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Formicidae	<div><p>Key to subfamilies of Vietnamese ants [ Formicidae] based on the worker caste</p><p>1 Pygidium (abdominal tergite VII) flattened or impressed, posterolaterally with a single pair of spines (Fig. 2) or a series of peg-like spines (Fig. 3) ..................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Pygidium convex, unarmed (Fig. 4), but hypopygium (abdominal sternite VII) rarely armed with a series of spines posteriorly .................................................................................................... 3</p><p>2 Pygidium posterolaterally with a single pair of spines (Fig. 2); promesonotal suture distinct dorsally (Fig. 5) .................................................................................................. Dorylinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2251" title="Lookup 'Dorylinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Dorylus) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229322" title="Lookup '(Dorylus)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Pygidium posterolaterally with a series of peg-like spines (Fig. 3); promesonotal suture absent dorsally (Fig. 6) ..................................................................................................... Cerapachyinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2249" title="Lookup 'Cerapachyinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>3 A single reduced and isolated segment, i.e. petiole (= abdominal segment II), present between mesosoma and gaster (Figs. 7, 8) .................................................................................................... 4</p><p>- Two reduced and isolated segments, i.e. petiole and postpetiole (= abdominal segments II and III), present between mesosoma and gaster (Fig. 9) .................................................................................... 11</p><p>4 Gastral segment II (= abdominal segment IV) arched and down-curved (Fig. 10) ................................... 5</p><p>- Gastral segment II neither arched nor down-curved (Figs. 11, 12) ................................................ 6</p><p>5 In full-face view antennal sockets mostly to entirely exposed, located a little in front of the line across mandibular bases (Fig. 13) or on a shelf-like frontoclypeal region overhanging mandibles (Fig. 14) ........................ Proceratiinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183173" title="Lookup 'Proceratiinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- In full-face view antennal sockets mostly to entirely covered by frontal lobe, located a little behind the line across mandibular bases (Fig. 15) ............................................................... Ectatomminae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183167" title="Lookup 'Ectatomminae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Gnamptogenys) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:239479" title="Lookup '(Gnamptogenys)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>6 Petiole broadly attached to gastral segment I (= abdominal segment III); gastral segment I above helcium without a free anterior face (Fig. 16) .................................................................... Amblyoponinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183164" title="Lookup 'Amblyoponinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Petiole narrowly attached to gastral segment I; gastral segment I above helcium with a free anterior face (Fig. 17) ......... 7</p><p>7 Antennal sockets located on shelf-like frontoclypeal region that overhangs the mandibles; frontal lobes fused to each other and forming a vertical plate (Fig. 18) ................................................. Proceratiinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183173" title="Lookup 'Proceratiinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Probolomyrmex) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24827" title="Lookup '(Probolomyrmex)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Antennal sockets located behind clypeus; shelf-like frontoclypeal region absent; frontal lobes variable in size and shape, but never forming a vertical plate (Fig. 19) ..................................................................... 8</p><p>8 Petiole extremely large and long; pygidium longer than gastral segment I (Fig. 20) ........... Amblyoponinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183164" title="Lookup 'Amblyoponinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Opamyrma) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238041" title="Lookup '(Opamyrma)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Petiole relatively small and short; pygidium shorter than gastral segment I (Fig. 21) ................................. 9</p><p>9 Sting present and functional (even if the sting fully retracted, it may be seen through sternites of the abdominal apex); gastral tergite I (= abdominal tergite III) fused with gastral sternite I, but the suture present (Fig. 22) ................... Ponerinae</p><p>- Sting absent; gastral tergite I largely or entirely separated from gastral sternite I (Fig. 23) ............................ 10</p><p>10 Apex of hypopygium forming acidopore which appears usually as a short nozzle surrounded by hairs (Fig. 24), or at least as a semicircular to circular emargination of the apical margin of the hypopygium (Fig. 25) ...................... Formicinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" title="Lookup 'Formicinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Apical margin of hypopygium truncated, never forming acidopore (Fig. 26); hypopygium sometimes folded along its midline, and so apical margin of hypopygium showing a U- or V-shaped appearance but never forming a semicircular to circular emargination.................................................................................. Dolichoderinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2250" title="Lookup 'Dolichoderinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>11 Pronotum and mesonotum completely separated by promesonotal suture (Fig. 27) ................................. 12</p><p>- Pronotum and mesonotum completely fused; promesonotal suture either entirely absent across dorsum of mesosoma (Fig. 28) or present as a weak transverse furrow .................................................................... 13</p><p>12 Eye well-developed (Fig. 29).. ................................................. Pseudomyrmecinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2262" title="Lookup 'Pseudomyrmecinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Tetraponera)</p><p>- Eye absent (Fig. 30) or, in intercastes of some Protanilla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2383" title="Lookup 'Protanilla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species, eye often present but consisting of only one or a few ommatidia...................................................................................... Leptanillinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" title="Lookup 'Leptanillinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>13 Postpetiole (= abdominal segment III) relatively massive, not much reduced in comparison with gastral segment I (= abdominal segment IV) (Fig. 31) .................................................... Proceratiinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183173" title="Lookup 'Proceratiinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part of Proceratium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24854" title="Lookup 'Proceratium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>)</p><p>- Postpetiole much smaller than gastral segment I (Fig. 32) ..................................................... 14</p><p>14 When mouthparts fully closed, prementum (prm in Fig. 33) largely visible between stipites of maxillae (stp); antennal socket in full-face view usually (but not always) concealed, partly or entirely, by frontal lobe; antennal socket usually far from anterior margin of head; eye usually (but not always) present (Fig. 34).. ........................................ Myrmicinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2258" title="Lookup 'Myrmicinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- When mouthparts fully closed, prementum (prm in Fig. 35) not visible, or largely concealed behind labrum (lbr) and stipites of maxillae (stp) that meet along the midline (Fig. 35); antennal socket in full-face view fully exposed; clypeus narrow from front to back especially in front of antennal insertion, bringing the antennal sockets very close to the anterior margin of the head; eye always absent (Fig. 36) ................................................................ Aenictinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2244" title="Lookup 'Aenictinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Aenictus) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2329" title="Lookup '(Aenictus)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB3AB7C03AF744EB41503BF7D43BCAAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
54F53C893B2FA8D868952FEA63B3B98B.text	54F53C893B2FA8D868952FEA63B3B98B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmicinae	<div><p>Key to Vietnamese genera of the subfamily Myrmicinae <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2258" title="Lookup 'Myrmicinae' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> based on the worker caste</p><p>The following key to genera includes the following genera which have been known from Thailand, southern China and/or Taiwan, but not yet been found from Vietnam: Eurhopalothrix <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2400" title="Lookup 'Eurhopalothrix' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; Formosimyrma; Leptothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2521" title="Lookup 'Leptothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; Metapone <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24815" title="Lookup 'Metapone' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; Perissomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24819" title="Lookup 'Perissomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; Rotastruma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2528" title="Lookup 'Rotastruma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; Rostromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24916" title="Lookup 'Rostromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>; Stenamma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24917" title="Lookup 'Stenamma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>.</p><p>1 Postpetiole attached to the dorsum of abdominal segment IV (= gastral segment I) (Fig. 37); petiole flattened dorsoventrally.. ......................................................................................... Crematogaster</p><p>- Postpetiole attached to the anterior face or ventrum of abdominal segment IV (Fig. 38), or, in Anillomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2343" title="Lookup 'Anillomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, postpetiole attached to the top of anterior face but not the dorsum of abdominal segment IV (Fig. 39); petiole variable in shape, but never flattened dorsoventrally.. ............................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Antennal scrobe running below eye (Fig. 40) ................................................................ 3</p><p>- Antennal scrobe absent or running above eye (Fig. 41); in some genera both eye and antennal scrobe absent .............. 4</p><p>3 Antenna 11-segmented; first gastral tergite greatly expanded, comprising the whole of the dorsum of gaster in dorsal view... .......................................................................................... Cataulacus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2426" title="Lookup 'Cataulacus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Antenna 7-segmented; first gastral tergite never comprising the whole of the dorsum of gaster in dorsal view .............................................................................. Eurhopalothrix <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2400" title="Lookup 'Eurhopalothrix' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>4 Antenna with 4-6 segments ............................................................................. 5</p><p>- Antenna with 7-12 segments ............................................................................. 7</p><p>5 Mandible with a series of teeth on its masticatory margin (Fig. 42) ................................... Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Mandible without a series of teeth on its inner margin except apical teeth (Fig. 43).. ................................ 6</p><p>6 Mandibular bases located closely (Fig. 44); labrum not forming exaggerated distal processes ................. Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Mandibular bases broadly separated (Fig. 45); labrum forming exaggerated distal processes (Fig. 46) ................................................................. Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (argiola- and murphyi-groups: not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>7 Antenna with 7 segments ...................................................................... Myrmicaria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24864" title="Lookup 'Myrmicaria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Antenna with 8-12 segments ............................................................................ 8</p><p>8 Median portion of clypeus with a thin longitudinal wall which is produced well anteriad in full-face view (Fig. 132) ....... 9</p><p>- Median portion of clypeus round, angulately produced, truncate, bicarinate or with a bilobed projection, but never with a thin longitudinal wall ..................................................................................... 10</p><p>9 Antenna with 8 segments ........................................... Formosimyrma (not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Antenna with 9 segments ............................................ Rostromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24916" title="Lookup 'Rostromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>10 Dorsum of mesonotum flattened and forming flanges laterally and posteriorly (Fig. 47) ..................... Meranoplus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24812" title="Lookup 'Meranoplus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Dorsum of mesonotum sometimes flattened and margined laterally but never forming flanges laterally and posteriorly (Fig. 28) ................................................................................................... 11</p><p>11 Promesonotum with 8 digitiform tubercles (4 pairs) (Fig. 48).. ............................................ Proatta <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24914" title="Lookup 'Proatta' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Promesonotum usually without digitiform tubercles (Fig. 49), but sometimes with a spine or denticle on each humerus (Fig. 50), or with a large prominence on each humerus and a tubercle in front of metanotal groove ......................... 12</p><p>12 Median portion of clypeus forming a bilobed projection near the highest point (Figs. 51, 52) ......................... 13</p><p>- Median portion of clypeus not armed with a bilobed projection near the highest point (Figs. 53) ..................... 14</p><p>13 Antenna 12-segmented; eye small and round (Fig. 54) ............................................ Calyptomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24906" title="Lookup 'Calyptomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Antenna 10-segmented; eye large and elongate (Fig. 55) ................................................ Mayriella <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24921" title="Lookup 'Mayriella' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>14 Antenna terminating in a conspicuous 2-segmented club (Fig. 56) .............................................. 15</p><p>- Antenna terminating in a 3-segmented (Fig. 57) or 4-segmented club, or without a conspicuous club (Fig. 58) ........... 19</p><p>15 Frontal lobes touching or separated only by a narrow longitudinal impression (Fig. 59); postpetiole broadly attached to gaster ......................................................................................... Rhopalomastix <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24811" title="Lookup 'Rhopalomastix' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Frontal lobes distinctly separated by median portion of clypeus (Fig. 60); postpetiole narrowly attached to gaster.. ....... 16</p><p>16 Anterior margin of clypeus with an unpaired long seta at the midpoint (Fig. 61). (because the median seta often absent in the major worker of polymorphic Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species, the minor worker may be needed for identification) ................. 17</p><p>- Anterior margin of clypeus without an unpaired median seta, instead either with a pair of long setae straddling the midpoint (Fig. 62), or with an unbroken row of setae ................................................................ 18</p><p>17 Antenna 9- or 10- segmented; masticatory margin with apical tooth followed by 2 distinct teeth and then one or more small or inconspicuous denticles (Fig. 63) ............................................................ Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Antenna 11 segmented; masticatory margin with 5 distinct teeth (Fig. 64) ................................ Parvimyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>18 Minor worker with median part of clypeus margined laterally with carinae (Fig. 65) ....................... Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Minor worker with median part of clypeus never margined laterally with carinae (Fig. 66) ................. Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>19 Eyes completely absent ................................................................................ 20</p><p>- Eyes present, usually well developed but sometimes consisting of only one or a few ommatidia ....................... 21</p><p>20 Subpetiolar process well developed (Fig. 67); antenna 11-segmented; frontal lobes widely separated (Fig. 68)... Liomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24814" title="Lookup 'Liomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Subpetiolar process absent (Fig. 69); antenna 10-segmented; frontal lobes very closely approximated (Fig. 70).. Anillomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2343" title="Lookup 'Anillomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>21 Antenna with 9 segments ........................................... Perissomyrmex (not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Antenna with 11–12 segments........................................................................... 22</p><p>22 Antenna with 11 segments.............................................................................. 23</p><p>- Antenna with 12 segments .............................................................................. 36</p><p>23 Antennal scrobe very deep and capable of largely concealing scapes .............. Metapone <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24815" title="Lookup 'Metapone' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Antennal scrobe absent, or present but incapable of concealing scapes (Fig. 41) ................................... 24</p><p>24 Head below eye with a longitudinal ridge that is distinguishable from the background sculpture (Fig. 71)... Myrmecina <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24818" title="Lookup 'Myrmecina' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Head below eye without a longitudinal ridge that is distinguishable from the background sculpture (Fig. 72) ............. 25</p><p>25 Antennal socket fully exposed; anterior margin of clypeus with three or more denticles (Fig. 73) ........ Pristomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24820" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Antennal socket partly or completely concealed by frontal lobe; anterior margin of clypeus at most with two denticles or angles (Fig. 74) ............................................................................................ 26</p><p>26 Lateral portion of clypeus in front of antennal socket raised into a sharp-edged ridge (Fig. 75); sting with a spatulate to triangular, lamellate appendage that projects from the dorsum of the shaft close to its apex ................... Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Lateral portion of clypeus in front of antennal socket not raised into a sharp-edged ridge (Fig. 76); sting simple, without a lamellar appendage that projects from the dorsum of the shaft ................................................ 27</p><p>27 Propodeal spine recurved at least weakly (Fig. 77) ................................................... Recurvidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35879" title="Lookup 'Recurvidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Propodeal spine, if present, straight or down-curved (Fig. 78) .................................................. 28</p><p>28 Posterodorsal margin of petiole produced posterodorsad as a rim which is distinctly (or at least a little) higher than the dorsal outline of helcium of petiole when waist segments stretched posteriad (Fig. 79) ...................... Vollenhovia <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24816" title="Lookup 'Vollenhovia' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Posterodorsal margin of petiole not forming a rim mentioned above (Fig. 80).. .................................... 29</p><p>29 Dorsa of head and mesosoma without distinct standing hairs; postpetiole in dorsal view at least twice as broad as petiolar node (Fig. 81) ................ Cardiocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part: species with 11-segmented antenna have not yet been found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Dorsa of head and mesosoma with standing hairs; postpetiole in dorsal view less than twice as broad as petiolar node (Fig. 82) ................................................................................................... 30</p><p>30 Petiole in lateral view without a distinct anterior peduncle, but with triangular node the dorsolateral corners of which form acute angles or denticles; subpetiolar process large (Fig. 133) ........................................ Gauromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146964" title="Lookup 'Gauromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Petiole in lateral view pedunculate, with a round node; subpetiolar process absent or present as a tiny denticle or angle.... 31</p><p>31 Anterior margin of clypeus with a single long seta at the midpoint (Fig. 83) ......................... Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Anterior margin of clypeus without a single median seta, instead either with a pair of long setae straddling the midpoint, or with an unbroken row of setae (Fig. 84) ................................................................... 32</p><p>32 Promesonotum in lateral view distinctly raised from the dorsum of propodeum (Figs. 85, 86) ......................... 33</p><p>- Promesonotum in lateral view not or only weakly raised from the dorsum of propodeum (Fig. 87) ..................... 34</p><p>33 Masticatory margin of mandible with 5 conspicuous teeth (Fig. 88) .................... Pristomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24820" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part: P. profundus)</p><p>- Masticatory margin of mandible with apical and one preapical tooth, followed by an enlarged denticle; these then followed by a series of small denticles (Fig. 89) ............................................................. Lophomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>34 Masticatory margin of mandible with 7 or more teeth; anterior clypeal margin forming an obtuse median angle .................................... Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part: species with 11-segmented antennae have not yet been found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Masticatory margin of mandible with 5 or 6 teeth; anterior clypeal margin not forming an obtuse median angle .......... 35</p><p>35 Median clypeal carina absent; mouthparts with stipes of the maxilla with a transverse crest present at about its midlength.... ................................................................... Leptothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2521" title="Lookup 'Leptothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Median clypeal carina present (Fig. 90); mouthparts with stipes of the maxilla without a transverse crest at about its midlength ........................ Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part: species with 11-segmented antennae have not yet been found from Vietnam)</p><p>36 Head in lateral view below eye with a longitudinal ridge (Fig. 71) or groove (Fig. 91) that is distinguishable from the background sculpture ..................................................................................... 37</p><p>- Head in lateral view below eye without a longitudinal ridge or groove that is distinguishable from the background sculpture (Fig. 92) ............................................................................................ 38</p><p>37 Longitudinal ridge on the ventrolateral part of head never touching the eye; petiole short and sessile, lacking a node (Fig. 93). .................................................................................... Myrmecina <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24818" title="Lookup 'Myrmecina' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Longitudinal groove on the lateral part of head touching the ventral margin of eye; petiole elongate and weakly pedunculate, with a low node (Fig. 94) ...................................................................... Vombisidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2531" title="Lookup 'Vombisidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>38 Petiole elongate and cylindrical (Fig. 95); posterolateral corner of head with a small acute angle or denticle exterior to preoccipital carina .............................................................................. Dilobocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2515" title="Lookup 'Dilobocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Petiole variable in shape (Fig. 96, 97); posterolateral corner of head usually round, or sometimes forming a vertexal lobe, but lacking a small acute angle or denticle .................................................................... 39</p><p>39 Tergo-sternal suture of gastral segment I in anterior view describing a parabola on each side of the articulation with postpetiole (Fig. 98) ................................................................................ Acanthomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2320" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Tergo-sternal suture of gastral segment I in anterior view transverse or bending downwards on each side of the articulation with postpetiole (Fig. 99) ............................................................................... 40</p><p>40 Lateral portion of clypeus in front of antennal socket raised into a conspicuous vertical ridge or wall (Figs. 75, 100) ...... 41</p><p>- Lateral portion of clypeus in front of antennal socket not raised into a ridge or wall (Fig. 101) ....................... 44</p><p>41 Promesnotum in lateral view strongly raised as a dome (Fig. 102: pm); each humerus of promesonotum forming a high and blunt mound (Fig. 102: hp).. ...................................................................... Dacatria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24908" title="Lookup 'Dacatria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Promesnotum in lateral view not or slightly higher than anterodorsal border of propodeum; each humerus of promesonotum not forming a high and blunt mound (Fig. 103) ............................................................. 42</p><p>42 Head in full-face view roughly heart-shaped, with posterolateral corners relatively strongly produced (Fig. 104); propodeal lobe reduced to a low carina ............................................................ Rhoptromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24923" title="Lookup 'Rhoptromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Head in full-face view roughly oval or subrectangular, with posterolateral corners not or weakly produced (Fig. 105); propodeal lobe well developed usually as a triangular lamella or spinose projection but sometimes as a subrectangular or round lamella ............................................................................................. 43</p><p>43 Tibial spurs of middle and hind legs pectinate (Fig. 106); sting simple; palp formula (number of segments in maxillary palp</p><p>and labial palp) 6,4 .....................................................................................</p><p>........ Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part: species in which lateral portion of clypeus is raised as ridge have not yet been found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Tibial spurs of middle and hind legs simple or absent (Fig. 107); apex of sting with a small lamellate appendage; palp formula 4,3 or less .............................................................................. Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>44 Middle part of masticatory margin without teeth or denticles (Fig. 108) ....................... Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (major workers)</p><p>- Middle part of masticatory margin with teeth or denticles (Fig. 109) ........................................... 45</p><p>45 Frontal carina distinct, in full-face view extending close to posterolateral corner of head; antennal scrobe moderately to strongly developed (Fig. 110) .............................................................. Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent (Fig. 111), or present but weak ........................................ 46</p><p>46 Posterodorsal margin of petiole produced posterodorsad as a rim which is distinctly (or at least a little) higher than the dorsal outline of helcium of petiole when waist segments stretched posteriad (Fig. 79) ...................... Vollenhovia <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24816" title="Lookup 'Vollenhovia' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Posterodorsal margin of petiole not forming a rim mentioned above (Fig. 112) .................................... 47</p><p>47 Mesosoma marginate dorsolaterally, especially on mesonotum and propodeum (Fig. 134) .............................. ................................................................... Rotastruma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2528" title="Lookup 'Rotastruma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Mesosoma not marginate dorsolaterally.. .................................................................. 48</p><p>48 Head in full-face view roughly heart-shaped, with posterolateral corners relatively strongly produced (Fig. 104); apical part of sting dorsally with a triangular to pennant-shaped appendix projecting upwards from the shaft (visible only when the sting is extended) ........................................................................... Rhoptromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24923" title="Lookup 'Rhoptromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Head in full-face view roughly oval or rounded-rectangular (Figs. 113, 114), rarely with a long neck; posterolateral corners not or weakly produced; apical part of sting without a dorsal appendix .............................................. 49</p><p>49 Antenna terminating in a 3-segmented club ................................................................ 50</p><p>- Antenna terminating in a 4-segmented club, or without a conspicuous club ....................................... 57</p><p>50 Anteromedian part of vertex with a conspicuous depression (Fig. 115) ..................................... Kartidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24879" title="Lookup 'Kartidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Anteromedian part of vertex without a conspicuous depression (Fig. 116) ........................................ 51</p><p>51 Both median and lateral part of clypeus well produced anteriad and forming a shelf which largely overhangs mandibles (Fig. 117); dorsum of head and mesosoma without standing hairs .................................... Cardiocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Median part of clypeus more or less produced anteriad, but not forming a shelf which largely overhangs mandibles (Fig. 118); dorsum of head and mesosoma usually (but not always) with standing hairs ...................................... 52</p><p>52 Anterior margin of clypeus with a single long seta at the midpoint (Fig. 83); propodeal spines absent.... Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Anterior margin of clypeus without a single median seta, insteard either with a pair of long setae straddling the midpoint (Fig. 119), or with an unbroken row of setae; propodeal spines usually developed, but rarely reduced to tiny denticles.. ........ 53</p><p>53 Masticatory margin of mandible with 5-6 teeth (Fig. 120).. .................................... Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Masticatory margin of mandible with 7 or more teeth/denticles (Fig. 121) ........................................ 54</p><p>54 Promesonotum distinctly higher than anterior border of propodeal dorsum (Fig. 122) ..................... Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Promesonotum not or only a little higher than anterior border of propodeal dorsum (Fig. 123) ........................ 55</p><p>55 Anterior margin of clypeus round with a slight emargination medially; petiolar node in lateral view cuboidal, long (Fig. 124); postpetiole in lateral view compressed dorsoventrally, longer than high ................................... Paratopula <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2522" title="Lookup 'Paratopula' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p><p>- Anterior clypeal margin forming an obtuse angle; petiolar node in lateral view round or blunt-triangular (Fig. 125); postpetiole in lateral view not compressed dorsoventrally, higher than long ................................................ 56</p><p>56 Petiole in lateral view blunt-triangular and thin ................................................ Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Petiole in lateral view round and thick ......................................................................</p><p>.................. Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (species with antennal scrobes completely absent, have not yet been found from Vietnam)</p><p>57 Promesonotum slightly raised (Fig. 126); propodeal lobe well developed as a triangular or sharp lamella (Fig. 127) ................................................................................................. Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Promesonotum strongly raised as a dome (Fig. 128); propodeal lobe round or subtriangular with blunt angles (Fig. 129). 58</p><p>58 Posteromedian portion of clypeus, where it is inserted between the frontal lobes, narrower than one of the frontal lobes; median portion of clypeus defined laterally by weak clypeal carinae .................... Stenamma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24917" title="Lookup 'Stenamma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (not yet found from Vietnam)</p><p>- Posteromedian portion of clypeus, where it is inserted between the frontal lobes, broader than one of the frontal lobes; median portion of clypeus not defined laterally by clypeal carinae .................................................... 59</p><p>59 Masticatory margin of mandible with 1 or 2 small denticles between the preapical tooth and 3rd large tooth (Fig. 130); palp formula 3,2 or less ..... ..................................................................... Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (part)</p><p>- Masticatory margin of mandible without small teeth/denticles between the preapical tooth and 3rd large tooth (Fig. 131); palp formula 5,3 or 4,3 .......................................................................... Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span></p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/54F53C893B2FA8D868952FEA63B3B98B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
3A068FC31F76517FE01E031A8BE0E650.text	3A068FC31F76517FE01E031A8BE0E650.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthomyrmex Emery	<div><p>Acanthomyrmex Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2320" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1893</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Acanthomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2320" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Myrmecinini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2294" title="Lookup 'Myrmecinini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> together with Myrmecina, Perissomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24819" title="Lookup 'Myrmecina, Perissomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Pristomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24820" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features (see also Moffett 1986; Eguchi et al. 2008).</p><p>Worker dimorphic; frontal lobe reduced, in full-face view only partially concealing the torulus; frontal carina present, usually conspicuous; antennal scrobe present, usually conspicuous; anteromedian margin of clypeus weakly convex with a shallow median emargination in major; anteromedian margin of clypeus always armed with 2 to several processes in minor; median clypeal seta reduced or absent in major, but always present in minor; lateral portions of clypeus not forming a conspicuous ridge in front of torulus in major, but raised into a ridge in front of torulus in minor; mandible in major massive, edentate or armed with a few indistinct teeth on masticatory margin; mandible in minor broadly triangular, and armed with 5-10 small to tiny teeth in addition to relatively conspicuous apical and preapical teeth; antenna 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye moderately developed; mesosoma short and robust especially in major; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove obsolete or shallow dorsally; propodeum armed with a pair of long spines; propodeal lobe well developed, angulately produced posterodorsad; petiole pedunculate anteriorly and with distinct node; postpetiole much shorter than petiole; suture between first gastral tergite and sternite basally in the form of a rounded M-shape; postpetiole articulated at base of the M.</p><p>The minor worker of Acanthomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2320" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to the worker of Pristomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24820" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but in the latter the antenna is 11-segmented, the masticatory margin of the mandible is almost vertical to the basal margin and 3-, 4- or 5-toothed, and the suture between first gastral tergite and sternite is not in the form of a rounded M-shape.</p><p>Vietnamese species. One species described from Vietnam: humilis Eguchi, Bui &amp; Yamane <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245610" title="Lookup 'humilis Eguchi, Bui &amp; Yamane' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (type locality: Nam Cat Tien) and a second species recognized by us from Vietnam: glabfemoralis Zhou &amp; Zheng <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:152530" title="Lookup 'glabfemoralis Zhou &amp; Zheng' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Ky Thuong, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Acanthomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2320" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species nest in dead twigs and wood fragments, and under or between stones. Colonies of A. glabfemoralis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:152530" title="Lookup 'A. glabfemoralis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> contain a single dealate normal queen, or instead contain single or multiple dwarf queens, while colonies of A. humilis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245610" title="Lookup 'A. humilis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> contain ergatoids only (Eguchi et al. 2008). Acanthomyrmex glabfemoralis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:152530" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex glabfemoralis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and A. humilis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:245610" title="Lookup 'A. humilis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> gather seeds (Eguchi et al. 2004, Eguchi pers. observ.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A068FC31F76517FE01E031A8BE0E650	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
7D764614FD3F73013C8DFE48A3F94D95.text	7D764614FD3F73013C8DFE48A3F94D95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anillomyrma Emery	<div><p>Anillomyrma Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2343" title="Lookup 'Anillomyrma Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1913</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Anillomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2343" title="Lookup 'Anillomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was classified in the Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group of the tribe Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton(2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features (see Bolton 1981, Eguchi et al. 2010).</p><p>Worker monomorphic; body extensively depigmented, weakly sclerotized; frontal lobe in full-face view only partially concealing torulus, not extending posteriorly as frontal carina; antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus not bicarinate laterally below antennal insertion, narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; median clypeal seta well developed; mandible elongate-triangular, with 4 teeth on masticatory margin (with 3-4 teeth if the world species are included); a short diastema present between preapical and 3rd teeth; antenna 10-segmented with 3-segmented club; eye completely absent; mesosoma in lateral view low, almost flat or very weakly convex dorsally; promesonotal suture completely absent dorsally; metanotal groove present dorsally as a weak transverse striation; propodeum neither armed posterodorsally nor carinate posterolaterally; propodeal lobe absent; fore coxa robust, and much longer than middle and hind coxa; petiolar peduncle long, without any anteroventral process; petiolar node long, low and dorsally broadly convex in lateral view; postpetiole in lateral view broadly attached to top of anterior face of first gastral segment; gaster elongate; gastral shoulder absent; sting strongly developed.</p><p>The worker of Anillomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2343" title="Lookup 'Anillomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is most similar to Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but in the latter the antenna is 11- or 12-segmented, the postpetiole is attached to the center of the anterior face of the gaster, and gaster is not elongate.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Only one species has been found from Vietnam: decamera <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25231" title="Lookup 'decamera' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Emery) (Binh Chau - Phuoc Buu, Van Phu [type locality of " A. decamera continentis Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146004" title="Lookup 'A. decamera continentis Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> "]).</p><p>Bionomics. We collected workers of Anillomyrma decamera <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25231" title="Lookup 'Anillomyrma decamera' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> in a well-developed dry forest in the southern coastal part of Vietnam, by underground bait-trapping. Baits (pork sausage) were buried in sandy soil (for details see Eguchi &amp; Bui 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D764614FD3F73013C8DFE48A3F94D95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
F6917DC6CA9800EAE95E6F686D7BF062.text	F6917DC6CA9800EAE95E6F686D7BF062.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphaenogaster Mayr	<div><p>Aphaenogaster Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1853</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Pheidolini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2303" title="Lookup 'Pheidolini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view oval or elliptical, often with extremely elongate neck; frontal carina, if distinct, not extending beyond the level of eye in full-face view; antennal scrobe absent; parafrontal ridge or carina(e) often present; median portion of clypeus convex anteriad, sometimes with a shallow emargination at midpoint; posteromedian portion of clypeus moderately or relatively broadly inserted between frontal lobes; masticatory margin with apical and 2 distinct preapical teeth followed by several smaller teeth or denticles; palp formula 5,3 or 4,3; antenna 12-segmented, gradually incrassate toward apex or with an indistinct 4-segmented club; eye medium sized; mesosoma elongate; promesonotum forming a dome; promesonotal suture weakly present or absent dorsally; metanotal groove moderately or strongly impressed dorsally; propodeal spines varying in size and shape (rarely reduced to tiny denticles or rounded angles); propodeal lobe round or subtriangular with blunt angles; petiole consisting of an anterior peduncle and a node (separation between peduncle and node sometimes indistinct); gastral shoulder absent.</p><p>The worker of Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to the minor worker of Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (larger species) and the worker of Kartidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24879" title="Lookup 'Kartidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. In the minor worker of Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the masticatory margin of the mandible bears 1 or 2 small teeth between the preapical tooth and the 3rd large tooth. In the worker of Kartidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24879" title="Lookup 'Kartidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the vertex has a broad depressed area between eyes, the masticatory margin of the mandible has 5 distinct teeth, the antennal club is distinctly 3-segmented, and the propodeum is unarmed. In the worker of Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the promesonotum is only slightly raised and the propodeal lobe is well-developed as a triangular or sharp lamella. In addition, the palp formula is always 6,4 in Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> as opposed to 5,3 or 4,3 in Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Twelve species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: exasperata Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25414" title="Lookup 'exasperata Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg- 22] (Ba Be, Cuc Phuong, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-1 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-2 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-3 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-4 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-6 [= sp. eg-15 in Eguchi et al. 2005] (Ba Vi, Sa Pa); sp. eg-10 (Phu Quoc); sp. eg-17 [= sp. 25 of SKY in Yamane et al. 2003] (Cuc Phuong, Ky Thuong, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-18 [= sp. 22 of SKY in Yamane et al. 2003; = sp. eg-6 and sp. eg-15 in Eguchi et al. 2005] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Pu Mat, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-21 (Tam Dao); sp. eg-25 (Nui Chua); sp. eg-26 (Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. The majority of species inhabit well-developed forests but some occur in sparse forests, dwarf forests and areas with low bushes. Nests are usually found in the soil, under stones and in rotting logs (Bui &amp; Eguchi 2003, Eguchi et al. 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6917DC6CA9800EAE95E6F686D7BF062	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
A38B5410D5DD42E75FF2E6DAB9E07C9A.text	A38B5410D5DD42E75FF2E6DAB9E07C9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calyptomyrmex Emery	<div><p>Calyptomyrmex Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24906" title="Lookup 'Calyptomyrmex Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1887</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Calyptomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24906" title="Lookup 'Calyptomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The Oriental species were revised by Baroni Urbani (1975) and the Ethiopian species by Bolton (1981). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; frontal lobe strongly expanded and overhanging anterolateral margin of clypeus; frontal carina extremely strongly developed horizontally, in full-face view overhanging antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe extremely deep, bounded above by frontal carina and below by a ridge running above eye, capable of accommodating whole antenna; median portion of clypeus behind anterior margin vertical or nearly vertical, terminating in a projecting biramous appendage (clypeal fork); clypeal fork projecting anteriad over mandibles and partially concealing them in full-face view; mandible triangular, with distinct apical tooth and single preapical tooth followed by several teeth or denticles; antenna 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; scape curved, somewhat flattened, strongly widened distally, with a narrow projecting lamella on the leading edge of the widened part; eye present but small; mesosoma roundly convex dorsally; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove indistinct or shallowly impressed dorsally; dorsum of propodeum declining posteriorly; propodeal spiracle located very close to or at posterolateral margin of propodeum; propodeal spine triangular; propodeal lobe well developed; petiole pedunculate anteriorly and with a large node; subpetiolar process absent; postpetiole shorter than high; dorsal surfaces of body with short, broad and blunt hairs.</p><p>The worker of the Vietnamese species is somewhat similar to that of Mayriella <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24921" title="Lookup 'Mayriella' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but in the latter the antenna is 10-segmented, the eye is large and elongate, and the dorsa of the head and mesosoma bear sparse, long, standing hairs.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Only one species has been described from Vietnam: rectopilosus Dlussky &amp; Radchenko <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224671" title="Lookup 'rectopilosus Dlussky &amp; Radchenko' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-1] (type locality: Bai Tu Long; other localities: Ba Be, Chua Yen Tu, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Calyptomyrmex rectopilosus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224671" title="Lookup 'Calyptomyrmex rectopilosus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> nests in rotting twigs and wood fragments on the floor of well-developed forests. Colonies are usually small, consisting of dozens of workers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A38B5410D5DD42E75FF2E6DAB9E07C9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
9BD8C66695446CCAEE65AA45A2EE5FD6.text	9BD8C66695446CCAEE65AA45A2EE5FD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cardiocondyla Emery	<div><p>Cardiocondyla Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1869</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Cardiocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Formicoxenini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2284" title="Lookup 'Formicoxenini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (1994, 2003). The Afrotropical species were revised by Bolton (1982), and the elegans-, bulgarica-, batesii-, nuda-, shuckardi-, stambuloffii-, wroughtonii-, emeryi- and minutior-groups were revised by Seifert (2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular; frontal lobe small and narrow; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus prominently extended forward, and fused to the flattened lateral portions to form a shelf which hides basal part of mandibles in full-face view but is elevated away from the dorsal surface of mandibles in lateral view; posteromedian portion of clypeus relatively broadly inserted between frontal lobes; median clypeal seta present; mandible triangular, with 5 teeth which decrease in size from apex to base; palp formula 5,3; stipes of maxilla with a transverse crest at about midlength; antenna 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye generally large and conspicuous; promesonotal dorsum in lateral view flattened to slightly convex; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove absent or distinctly impressed dorsally; propodeum nearly unarmed to strongly bispinose; propodeal lobe roundly extended posteriad; petiole pedunculate anteriorly and with distinct node; subpetiolar process present but small; postpetiole in lateral view dorsoventrally flattened, in dorsal view very broad, much broader than petiolar node; gastral shoulder indistinct or distinct; dorsa of head, mesosma, waist and gaster lacking standing hairs.</p><p>The worker of Cardiocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but in the latter two genera the postpetiole is as broad as or only a little broader than the petiolar node, and the dorsa of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster bear at least a few standing hairs.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Five species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: kagutsuchi Terayama <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:212657" title="Lookup 'kagutsuchi Terayama' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg- 3; = nuda <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:27350" title="Lookup 'nuda' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Mayr) in Eguchi et al., 2005] (Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao); minutior Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:227104" title="Lookup 'minutior Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-2; = emery Forel in Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao); wroughtonii Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183249" title="Lookup 'wroughtonii Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-1] (Tam Dao); sp. eg-4 (Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-5 (Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu).</p><p>Bionomics. Cardiocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species inhabit open and man-made habitats such as around settlements and in gardens. Workers are frequently found on the ground surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BD8C66695446CCAEE65AA45A2EE5FD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
F378AC1EF59243D93EC4B0FCB74E9EB0.text	F378AC1EF59243D93EC4B0FCB74E9EB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cataulacus F. Smith	<div><p>Cataulacus F. Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2426" title="Lookup 'Cataulacus F. Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1853</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus is assigned to the tribe Cataulacini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2274" title="Lookup 'Cataulacini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The genus was revised by Bolton (1974, 1982). The worker of the single Vietnamese species ( C. granulatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:27795" title="Lookup 'C. granulatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>) has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head posteroventrally with an acute angle; frontal lobe and frontal carina extremely developed horizontally; frontal carina touching the ventral margin of eye and reaching to the posterolateral corner of head, and overhanging sides of head; antennal scrobe extremely deep, running below eye, capable of accommodating whole antenna; clypeus with anterolateral corners forming triangular points; posteromedian portion of clypeus widely inserted between frontal lobes; mandible small, triangular, with apical tooth, single preapical tooth and a small blunt denticle followed by a long edentate or bluntly crenulate edge which ends at the basal angle; antenna 11-segmented, with 3-segmented club; scape weakly curved, strongly widened distally and somewhat flattened with a very narrow lamella on the leading edge; eye large, located dorsolaterally behind midlength of sides of head; mesosoma in lateral view flattened dorsally; promesonotum marginate, anterodorsally with a sharp edge and dorsolaterally with a dentate edge; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; katepisternum anteriorly with an anterolaterally directed, triangular projection; metanotal groove inconspicuous or almost absent dorsally but conspicuous laterally; propodeal spine well developed as a posterolateral projecting horn; propodeal lobe well developed, blunt-triangular; petiole in lateral view somewhat globular or cuboidal, without distinct anterior peduncle, with distinct subpetiolar process; postpetiole shorter than height, with distinct anteroventral angle; first gastral tergite greatly expanded, comprising whole of gastral dorsum in dorsal view; remaining gastral segments very small, visible only apically and apicoventrally; body strongly sclerotized and sculptured, bearing short, broad and blunt hairs.</p><p>Cataulacus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2426" title="Lookup 'Cataulacus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily distinguished from other myrmicine genera known from Vietnam by antennal scrobe running below eye, frontal lobe and frontal carina extremely developed horizontally, and first gastral tergite greatly expanded, comprising whole of gastral dorsum in dorsal view.</p><p>Vietnamese species. One species is known from Vietnam: granulatus Latreille <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:27795" title="Lookup 'granulatus Latreille' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-1] (BaVi, Cuc Phuong, Nui Chua, My Yen, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Cataulacus granulatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:27795" title="Lookup 'Cataulacus granulatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> nests in hollows within living and dead twigs of trees, and workers forage on vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F378AC1EF59243D93EC4B0FCB74E9EB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
39C4835F1B5230C10BE5C65C51B57A47.text	39C4835F1B5230C10BE5C65C51B57A47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dacatria Rigato	<div><p>Dacatria Rigato <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24908" title="Lookup 'Dacatria Rigato' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1994</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Dacatria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24908" title="Lookup 'Dacatria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was established under the tribe Proattini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:239464" title="Lookup 'Proattini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Rigato (1994b), and was assigned to Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (1994, 2003). The worker of the single species in the genus has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular, with a shallow central longitudinal furrow; preoccipital region forming a distinct carina which surrounds the pronotal neck; frontal lobe well developed and raised; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus raised, with nearly vertical anterior face; median clypeal seta absent; lateral portion of clypeus modified into a distinct ridge or wall in front of antennal insertion; posteromedian portion of clypeus narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; antenna 12-segmented with indistinct 3-segmented club; eye small, convex well laterad, located before midlength of side of head in full-face view; mandible triangular; masticatory margin of mandible with apical and two preapical teeth, followed by two small teeth (5 teeth in total); promesonotum domed, with a pair of rounded and low humeral tubercles; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove well defined, with a small prominence in front of groove; propodeal spine long; propodeal lobe developed, round; petiole with long peduncle and low node; postpetiole short and high; gastral shoulder absent; sting simple; standing hairs absent from dorsum of body (simple standing hairs present at apex of gaster and on mandible, and slightly clavate hairs on third segment of gaster).</p><p>The worker of Dacatria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24908" title="Lookup 'Dacatria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily distinguished from that of other myrmicine genera known from Vietnam by the morphology of lateral portion of clypeus and humeral tubercles of the promesonotum.</p><p>Vietnamese species. One species is known from Vietnam: templaris Rigato <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28552" title="Lookup 'templaris Rigato' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Pu Mat, Va n Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Dacatria templaris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28552" title="Lookup 'Dacatria templaris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is a ground-dwelling species in well-developed forests, and nests in litter and underground. Wo r k e r s are brick red and dull and are clad in dirt, and similar to Proatta butteli Forel. When <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35531" title="Lookup 'Proatta butteli Forel. When' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> their nests are exposed, the cryptic workers freeze for a while, making them very difficult to detect.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39C4835F1B5230C10BE5C65C51B57A47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
E1E5AF49ED3860456EF8C787FE2A4C6F.text	E1E5AF49ED3860456EF8C787FE2A4C6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dilobocondyla Santschi	<div><p>Dilobocondyla Santschi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2515" title="Lookup 'Dilobocondyla Santschi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1910</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Dilobocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2515" title="Lookup 'Dilobocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Formicoxenini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2284" title="Lookup 'Formicoxenini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 1994, 2003). A key to the described species was given by Wheeler (1924). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular; preoccipital carina distinct laterally; posterolateral corner of head with a small acute angle or denticle exterior to preoccipital carina; frontal carina distinct; antennal scrobe shallow but distinct; median portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; anterior clypeal margin weakly convex and with a weak emargination at midpoint; median clypeal seta, if present, indistinct; mandible triangular, with 6 teeth on masticatory margin; antenna 12-segmented, with conspicuous 3-segmented club; eye relatively large; promesonotum in lateral view hardly or weakly raised; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove weakly impressed dorsally; propodeum in lateral view weakly swollen posterodorsad, unarmed; propodeal lobe well developed; femora strongly and abruptly incrassate in distal two thirds; petiole elongate, cylindrical, slightly arcuate in lateral view; subpetiolar process distinct, tooth-like, located anteroventrally near articulation with mesosoma; postpetiole in lateral view with acute anteroventral angle; gaster short, oval in dorsal view.</p><p>The worker of Dilobocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2515" title="Lookup 'Dilobocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily distinguished from that of other myrmicine genera known from Vietnam by posterolateral corner of head with a small acute angle or denticle exterior to preoccipital carina, propodeum unarmed, femora strongly and abruptly incrassate, and petiole elongate and sylindrical.</p><p>Vietnamese species. One species has been described from Vietnam: fouqueti Santschi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28595" title="Lookup 'fouqueti Santschi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (type locality: Ha Noi). Two additional species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Da Lat); sp. eg-2 (Tay Ye n Tu).</p><p>Bionomics. We have rarely encountered foraging workers of Dilobocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2515" title="Lookup 'Dilobocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> on leaves in undergrowth of natural and man-made forests.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1E5AF49ED3860456EF8C787FE2A4C6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
D559B0DB76262248043A98B907A04833.text	D559B0DB76262248043A98B907A04833.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gauromyrmex Menozzi	<div><p>Gauromyrmex Menozzi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146964" title="Lookup 'Gauromyrmex Menozzi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1933</p><p>Taxonomy. Gauromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146964" title="Lookup 'Gauromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was treated as a junior synonym of Vollenhovia <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24816" title="Lookup 'Vollenhovia' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Brown (1973b) and subsequent authors, but was reinstated as a distinct genus and assigned to the Nesomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146853" title="Lookup 'Nesomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group of the Formicoxenini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2284" title="Lookup 'Formicoxenini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (2003). The following description is based on Bolton 2003 with minor modification.</p><p>Worker variable in size or weakly polymorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular with round posterior corner, in lateral view flattened dorsoventrally; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus extends anteriorly as a short truncated lobe that overlaps and is closely applied to mandiblar dorsum, anterior margin of lobe shallowly evenly concave, angulate anterolaterally; posteromedian portion of clypeus relatively broadly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible short, with 6 teeth; antenna 11-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye medium sized; promesonotum very weakly convex dorsally, a little higher than anterior border of propodeum; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove impressed dorsally; propodeal spine triangular; propodeal spiracle positioned high on side, at about midlength of sclerite; middle and hind femora incrassate; petiole in lateral view without distinct anterior peduncle, but with triangular node with dorsolateral corners forming acute angles or denticles, ventral face of petiole with a large process; gastral shoulder present.</p><p>Vietnamese species. A single Vietnamese species, acanthina, was described by Karavaiev (1935) as the nominotypical species of "Solenomyrmex" [junior synonym of Gauromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146964" title="Lookup 'Gauromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Brown 1953]. The type localities are: Bana, 1400 m alt. [Mt. Ba Na, Da Nang Province] and Col de Nuage, 600-700 m alt. [Hai Van Pass, Hue Province].</p><p>Bionomics. All known species of Gauromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146964" title="Lookup 'Gauromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> are arboreal (Bolton 2003). BrÃ¼hl (2003) reported that an undetermined Bornean species used resin to build nests on tree trunks at a height of about 15 to 18 m from the ground. The nests had a grayish, hard surface and were smoothly attached to the bark of the trees. A few tiny holes about one millimetre wide led inside the nest. Within the nest were many hollows and recognizable tunnels. There were between two and four nests of varying sizes on a tree trunk, suggesting a possible polydomous colony structure.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D559B0DB76262248043A98B907A04833	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
FED5AF26157F3145AD47620161D5E968.text	FED5AF26157F3145AD47620161D5E968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kartidris Bolton	<div><p>Kartidris Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24879" title="Lookup 'Kartidris Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1991</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Kartidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24879" title="Lookup 'Kartidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was established under the tribe Pheidolini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2303" title="Lookup 'Pheidolini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (1991). The worker of the single known Vietnamese species has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view oval, with posterior margin slightly concave medially; frontal lobe in full-face view partly concealing torulus; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus with anterior margin roundly convex bearing a row of stout setae but lacking an isolated median seta; posteromedian portion of clypeus relatively broadly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with 5 sharp teeth which decrease in size from apex to base; antennae 12-segmented, with conspicuous 3- segmented club; eye well developed; vertex with a broad depressed area between eyes; promesonotum highly raised, with a long posterior slope; promesonotal suture vestigial dorsally; metanotal groove conspicuous; propodeum unarmed; propodeal spiracle elliptical, opening posterolaterad; propodeal lobe very small and low, round; petiole pedunculate, with relatively high node; postpetiole much higher than long, relatively strongly swollen dorsad.</p><p>The worker of Kartidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24879" title="Lookup 'Kartidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily distinguished from that of other myrmicine genera known from Vietnam by the depressed area of the vertex (also see notes under Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Vietnamese species. Only one species has been found from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Chua Yen Tu).</p><p>Bionomics. Foragers swarming around a dead cicada were found on the ground within a bamboo forest (720- 845 m alt.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FED5AF26157F3145AD47620161D5E968	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
9A31D04EA2D6CDC9FDCB27847C9D9332.text	9A31D04EA2D6CDC9FDCB27847C9D9332.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lasiomyrma Terayama & Yamane	<div><p>Lasiomyrma Terayama &amp; Yamane <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma Terayama &amp; Yamane' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 2000</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Terayama &amp; Yamane (2000). The worker of the single known Vietnamese species has the following features.</p><p>Wo r k e r probably monomorphic; head in lateral view subrectangular; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus forming steep anterior face, with weak submedian carinae; anteromedian portion of clypeus forming a transverse strip with anterior margin weakly pointed in middle, lacking an isolated median seta; posteromedian portion of clypeus relatively narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible elongate-trianglar, with 8 teeth that decrease in size from apex to base; antenna 12-segmented, with inconspicuous 3-segmented club; eye well developed; promesonotum in lateral view slightly convex, only a little higher than anterior border of propodeum, in dorsal view with obtusely angulate humeri; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove distinct; propodeal spine distinct; propodeal lobe present as a small angulate lobe; petiole pedunculate, with high and thin node; postpetiole higher than long, in lateral view roundly convex dorsally; gastral shoulder absent.</p><p>All of the described species of Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> have 11-segmented antennae (Terayama &amp; Yamane 2000, Jaitrong 2010). However, a single worker of Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> collected from northern Vietnam (L. sp. eg-1) has 12-segmented antennae, thus the worker diagnosis of the genus given in Terayama &amp; Yamane (2000) should be widened as "antenna 11- or 12-segmented". The worker of Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is morphologically very similar to those of Lordomyrma bhutanensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253526" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma bhutanensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Baroni Urbani) and L. sinensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253527" title="Lookup 'L. sinensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ma, Xu, Makio &amp; DuBois) which were recently transferred to Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> from Stenamma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24917" title="Lookup 'Stenamma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Branstetter (2009). These Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species completely lack antennal scrobes and have the apex of anterior clypeal margin with a small projecting tooth. We provisionally accept Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> as a valid genus but suggest that a comprehensive re-examination of Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is needed.</p><p>Vietnamese species. A single specimen of Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> has been found from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Ba Vi).</p><p>Bionomics. The single specimen of Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. eg-1 was collected near the top of Mt. Ba Vi, ca. 1,100 m alt. (Eguchi et al. 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A31D04EA2D6CDC9FDCB27847C9D9332	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
5FEA4D650299482B2AC37A79F1BD9A0B.text	5FEA4D650299482B2AC37A79F1BD9A0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liomyrmex Mayr	<div><p>Liomyrmex Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24814" title="Lookup 'Liomyrmex Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1865</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Liomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24814" title="Lookup 'Liomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was recently revised by Rigato and Bolton (2001) and assigned to the tribe Liomyrmecini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183187" title="Lookup 'Liomyrmecini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (2003). The worker of the single known species has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic but size-variable: head in full-face view subrectangular, with round posterolateral corners; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus raised well, margined at each side by a well defined carina, with straight anterior margin; median clypeal seta absent, but a pair of distinct setae present in the middle; frontal lobes widely separated by posteromedian portion of clypeus; antenna 11-segmented with distinct3-segmented club; eye absent; masticatory margin short, 4-toothed; promesonotum in lateral view almost flat or only weakly convex; promesonotal suture absent; metanotal groove distinct; propodeum unarmed; propodeal spiracle large; metapleural gland bulla large, elongate toward propodeal spiracle; propodeal lobe well developed, not produced posteriad but in lateral view filling the concave outline of posterior slope of propodeum; petiolar peduncle short but distinct; petiolar node well developed, in lateral view squarish, and in dorsal view transversely elongate; subpetiolar process lamelliform, directing anteroventrad; sternite of postpetiole distinctly produced anteroventrad; gastral shoulder indistinct; sting extremely developed, long.</p><p>The worker of Liomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24814" title="Lookup 'Liomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is somewhat similar to eyeless worker (or minor) of Anillomyrma, Oligomyrmex, Parvimyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. However, frontal lobes are not so widely separated by the posteromedian portion of clypeus and antennal segmentation is not "11-segmented with distinct 3-segmented club" in the worker (minor) of the latter genera.</p><p>Vietnamese species. After their critical reexamination of relevant type-material and other specimens, Rigato &amp; Bolton (2001) concluded that Liomyrmex Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24814" title="Lookup 'Liomyrmex Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is monotypic. The single species, Liomyrmex gestroi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30497" title="Lookup 'Liomyrmex gestroi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Emery), is widespread in the Indo-Chinese, Indo-Malayan, and Austro-Malayan subregions: gestroi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30497" title="Lookup 'gestroi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Emery) [= sp. eg-1] ("Muong Moun" (see Rigato &amp; Bolton)).</p><p>Bionomics. According to Rigato &amp; Bolton (2001), Liomyrmex gestroi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30497" title="Lookup 'Liomyrmex gestroi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is a species of forest leaf-litter and topsoil and may be a specialised predator of isopterans. Eguchi found a mass of workers under bark of large fallen log in W. Bali (unfortunately he did not take account of the presence of other insects).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FEA4D650299482B2AC37A79F1BD9A0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
003E7ABBC405D4012E679755F322FD3F.text	003E7ABBC405D4012E679755F322FD3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophomyrmex Emery	<div><p>Lophomyrmex Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1892</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Lophomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was placed in the tribe Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Emery (1895), and in the Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group by Ettershank (1966). More recently the genus was revised by Rigato (1994a), and transferred into the tribe Pheidolini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2303" title="Lookup 'Pheidolini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. The worker of the single known Vietnamese species has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view oval with a relatively straight posterior margin; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus convex anteriad, with a protruding blunt tooth at the midpoint of its anterior margin; frontal lobes moderately separated by posteromedian portion of clypeus; antenna 11-segmented with distinct 3-segmented club; eye oval with a weak anteroventral point, located at about midlength of head in full-face view; masticatory margin of mandible with apical tooth and one preapical tooth, followed by an enlarged denticle, this then followed by a series of small denticles; basal margin of mandible finely serrated; promesonotum forming a single dome, flattened dorsally, with a pair of horizontal flat spines those are formed by the lateral and anterolateral edges of the dorsum and directed anteriad; promesonotal suture absent; metanotal groove well defined; propodeal spine long; propodeal lobe reduced to a weak carina; petiole with a distinct peduncle and a high node; gastral shoulder distinct.</p><p>The worker of Lophomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to the minor workers of Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. However, in the minor worker of Oriental species of Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, the antenna is 12-segmented and basal margin of the mandible is never serrated. In the worker of Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the antennal club is 2-segmented and the basal margin of mandible is never serrated.</p><p>Vietnamese species. The genus Lophomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> occurs in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and in Vietnam only one species has been found from the central and southern regions: birmanus Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30505" title="Lookup 'birmanus Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-1] (Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu, Nam Cat Tien, Nui Chua).</p><p>Bionomics. Lophomyrmex birmanus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30505" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex birmanus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> nests in the soil, usually under stones and logs or around the bases of trees. Workers are active ground-foragers. We have collected workers by underground bait-trapping, suggesting they workers forage both on and under the ground.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/003E7ABBC405D4012E679755F322FD3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
2465B3D73E373B2E06365321EC42D579.text	2465B3D73E373B2E06365321EC42D579.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lordomyrma Emery	<div><p>Lordomyrma Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1897</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 1994, 2003). The genus was recently overviewed by Taylor (2009). Although Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> as recognised by Taylor (2009) is morphologically heterogeneous, the worker of the single known Vietnamese species has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular; frontal lobe large; antennal scrobe very deep, surrounded dorsally by frontal carina and ventrally by genal carina; posteroventral face of head laterally margined by a weak carina; median portion of clypeus forming steep anterior face, with distinct submedian carinae; posteromedian part of clypeus relatively narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with 7 or more teeth decreasing in size from apex to base; antenna 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye medium sized; promesonotum in lateral view weakly elevated above anterior border of propodeal dorsum, in dorsal view with angulate humeri; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove distinct dorsally; propodeal spine long and slender; propodeal lobe well developed, triangular, expanding posterodorsad; petiole consisting of short peduncle and moderately elevated node; petiole higher than long; gastral shoulder absent; head, mesosoma and waist segments heavily sculptured.</p><p>Lordomyrma bhutanensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253526" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma bhutanensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Baroni Urbani) and L. sinensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253527" title="Lookup 'L. sinensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ma, Xu, Makio &amp; DuBois) which were recently transfered to Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> from Stenamma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24917" title="Lookup 'Stenamma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Branstetter (2009) represent the named species of Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> known from mainland Asia. The two species differ in several important ways from other Asian species: (1) frontal carinae and scrobes absent; (2) apex of the anterior clypeal margin with a small tooth; (3) ventrolateral margin of the head not delineated by a short carina; (4) propodeal spines short; and (5) petiolar peduncle relatively long and slender. Thus, the generic limits between Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> need re-examination (see notes under Lasiomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:150258" title="Lookup 'Lasiomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Vietnamese species. A single colony of Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> has been found from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Sa Pa).</p><p>Bionomics. The single known colony of Lordomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24913" title="Lookup 'Lordomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. eg-1 was found in the soil under stone in a relatively well-developed lower montane forest (1,600-1,700 m alt.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2465B3D73E373B2E06365321EC42D579	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
874F7205C225A0C08C595FAEFA8D0EFE.text	874F7205C225A0C08C595FAEFA8D0EFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mayriella Forel	<div><p>Mayriella Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24921" title="Lookup 'Mayriella Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1902</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Mayriella <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24921" title="Lookup 'Mayriella' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was established under the tribe Meranoplini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2291" title="Lookup 'Meranoplini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Forel (1902), but was placed in the Carebara <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24887" title="Lookup 'Carebara' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group of the tribe Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (2003). The genus was recently revised by Shattuck &amp; Barnett (2007). The worker of the single known Vietnamese species has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subtrapezoidal; frontal lobe large; antennal scrobe very deep, surrounded dorsally by frontal carina and ventrally by genal carina; both carinae well developed and meeting at posterior end of antennal scrobe; median portion of clypeus behind anterior margin vertical or nearly vertical, terminating above in a projecting, bidentate appendage; median clypeal seta absent; posteromedian portion of clypeus inserted relatively broadly between frontal lobes; mandible with 4 teeth; antenna 10-segmented, with 2-segmented club; eye large and elongated, narrowed anteroventrally; mesosoma short and high; promesonotal dome flattened, slightly higher than anterior border of propodeal dorsum; humerus bluntly expanded anterolaterad; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; ventrolateral margin of promesonotum and anterior margin of mesopleuron forming flanges partly overhanging forecoxa; metanotal groove shallowly impressed dorsally; dorsum of propodeum declining posteriorly; propodeal spine elongate-triangular; propodeal lobe strongly expanded posterodorsad; petiole short but pedunculate, with high node; subpetiolar process well developed; postpetiole short; gastral shoulder well developed; dorsa of head and mesosoma with sparse, long, standing hairs.</p><p>The worker of Mayriella <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24921" title="Lookup 'Mayriella' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is somewhat similar to that of the Vietnamese species of Calyptomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24906" title="Lookup 'Calyptomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for distinguishing features see notes under Calyptomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24906" title="Lookup 'Calyptomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Vietnamese species. Only one species has been described from Vietnam: granulata Dlussky &amp; Radchenko <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230921" title="Lookup 'granulata Dlussky &amp; Radchenko' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-1; = sp. 1 of SKY: Yamane et al. 2005] (type locality: Bai Tu Long; other localities: Ba Be, Cuc Phuong, Phu Quoc, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Nests of M. granulata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230921" title="Lookup 'M. granulata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> are found in rotting twigs, under stones and in the litter layer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/874F7205C225A0C08C595FAEFA8D0EFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
E1EE5637C40F2CAE0077E1672B0BEF33.text	E1EE5637C40F2CAE0077E1672B0BEF33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meranoplus Smith	<div><p>Meranoplus Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24812" title="Lookup 'Meranoplus Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1853</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Meranoplus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24812" title="Lookup 'Meranoplus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Meranoplini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2291" title="Lookup 'Meranoplini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Emery (1914a). The Oriental species were revised by SchÃ¶dl (1998). The worker of the single known Vietnamese species ( M. bicolor <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30606" title="Lookup 'M. bicolor' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>) has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subtrapezoidal, posteroventrally with an acute angle; frontal lobe and frontal carina well developed horizontally, reaching near posterolateral corner of head and overhanging sides of head in frontal view; antennal scrobe extremely deep, running above eye; median portion of clypeus anterolaterally with an angle or denticle; posteromedian portion of clypeus widely inserted between frontal lobes; mandible triangular, with 4 teeth; antenna 9-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye large and strongly convex laterad, located behind midlength of sides of head in full-face view; mesosoma in lateral view short and high; promesonotum laterally margined with flange which in dorsal view overhangs sides of mesosoma; lateral margin indented at level of promesontal suture; anterolateral corner of promesonotal dorsum forming an acute, laterally projecting tooth; posterolateral corner of dorsum forming a long, posteriorly projecting spine; posterior margin of dorsum forming a translucent lamella between spines; ventral margin of promesonotum forming a lamella which partly covers base of forecoxa; promesonotal suture and metanotal groove absent dorsally; dorsum of propodeum sloping posteriad; propodeal spine well developed as a posterolaterally projecting horn; propodeal lobe poorly developed; petiole in lateral view triangular, without distinct anterior peduncle; subpetiolar process absent; postpetiole in lateral view much higher than long, extremely swollen dorsad; gaster in dorsal view elongate-cordiform. The worker of Meranoplus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24812" title="Lookup 'Meranoplus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily separated from that of other Vietnamese myrmicine genera by the morphology of head and mesosoma.</p><p>Vietnamese species. One species has been recognized by us from Vietnam: bicolor <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30606" title="Lookup 'bicolor' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> ( GuÃ©rin-MÃ©neville) [sp. eg-1] (Nui Chua, Tam Dao, Pu Mat).</p><p>Bionomics. Meranoplus bicolor <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30606" title="Lookup 'Meranoplus bicolor' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> inhabits bare lands, grasslands and sparse forests, and nests in soil. Workers forage on the ground.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1EE5637C40F2CAE0077E1672B0BEF33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
D1723D1A2A4FE5EDD9C04791F5BF1719.text	D1723D1A2A4FE5EDD9C04791F5BF1719.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monomorium Mayr	<div><p>Monomorium Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1855</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group of the tribe Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The concept of the genus was revised by Bolton (1987), and was recently widened by Heterick (2003) and FernÃ¡ndez (2007). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker caste monomorphic or polymorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular, with rounded posterior corners; frontal lobe in full-face view narrow, just concealing antennal insertion, not extending posteriorly as a frontal carina, moderately or narrowly separated by posteromedian part of clypeus; antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus expanded anteriad, with a straight anteromedian margin, usually defined laterally by clypeal carinae; median clypeal seta present; mandible narrow; masticatory margin with apical and 2 subapical teeth usually followed by a small or inconspicuous tooth, but sometimes by 1 or 2 distinct teeth (thus the margin 3- to 5-toothed); antenna 11- or 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye medium to small in size (rarely reduced to a single ommatidium); promesonotum in lateral view usually weakly raised; promesonotal suture completely absent dorsally; metanotal suture usually a deeply impressed groove on dorsum; propodeum unarmed, but rarely with posterodorsal angles; propodeal lobe absent or indistinct, but sometimes roundly expanded; petiole pedunculate anteriorly and with distinct node; postpetiole much shorter than petiole, in dorsal view almost as broad as or a little broader than petiolar node; gastral shoulder weak or indistinct, but sometimes well developed; first gastral tergite largely overlapping first gastral sternite.</p><p>The worker of Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to those of Anillomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2343" title="Lookup 'Anillomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (see under Anillomyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2343" title="Lookup 'Anillomyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>), Cardiocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (see under Cardiocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>) and Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and to the minor workers of Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. However, in the worker of Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the antennal club is 2-segmented. In the minor of Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the median clypeal seta is absent, the masticatory margin of mandible has 6 or more teeth/denticles, and propodeal spines are usually (but not always) present. In the minor of Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the antennal club is 2-segmented, the median clypeal seta is absent, and propodeum is always armed with spines or denticles.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Two species have been described from Vietnam: annamense Donisthorpe (type locality: Da Lat) and silvestrii Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34133" title="Lookup 'silvestrii Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (type locality: Yen Bay; other locality: Va n Phu). Ten additional species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: chinense Santschi [= sp. eg-6] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao); floricola (Jerdon) [= sp. eg-7] (Que Phong, Pu Mat); hiten Terayama [= sp. eg-3] (Ba Be, Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, V a n B a n); pharaonis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31685" title="Lookup 'pharaonis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Linnaeus) [= sp. eg-4] (Ba Be, Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Nui Chua, Pu Mat, Quang Tri, Tam Dao); sechellense Emery [= sp. eg-5] (Ba Vi, Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu, Cuc Phuong, Pu Mat); sp. eg-1 [= sp. 9 of SKY: Eguchi et al. 2005] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Pu Mat, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-2 [= sp. 1 of SKY: Yamane et al., 2003] (Ba Be, Cuc Phuong, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-8 (Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat); sp. eg-9 (Nui Chua); sp. eg-10 (Nui Chua, Phu Quoc).</p><p>Bionomics. Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species are found in various habitats such as bare lands, grasslands, forest edges and well-developed forests. Their nests are usually found under stones and in soil. Most species forage on the ground, but some, such as M. sechellense <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:31710" title="Lookup 'M. sechellense' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, forage both on and under the ground (Eguchi &amp; Bui 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D1723D1A2A4FE5EDD9C04791F5BF1719	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
D40FF747AD9DE86BA3D6637A56A5442A.text	D40FF747AD9DE86BA3D6637A56A5442A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecina Curtis	<div><p>Myrmecina Curtis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24818" title="Lookup 'Myrmecina Curtis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1892</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Myrmecina <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24818" title="Lookup 'Myrmecina' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Myrmecinini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2294" title="Lookup 'Myrmecinini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> together with Acanthomyrmex, <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2320" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex,' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Pristomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24820" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Perissomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24819" title="Lookup 'Perissomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view rectangular, with rounded posterior corners; preoccipital carina extending to ventral surface of head and then forming a longitudinal carina which runs anteriad; frontal carina inconspicuous; antennal scrobe absent; frontal lobe large, covering antennal insertion; median margin of clypeus raised above dorsal surface of mandibular bases, with truncate anterior margin, laterally with a submedian carina from anterior end of frontal lobe to anterior margin of clypeus; carina often forming a submedian tooth; median clypeal tooth often present but not accompanied by an isolated median seta; posteromedian portion of clypeus very broadly inserted between frontal lobes; lateral portion of clypeus often (but not always) modified into a narrow and low ridge or wall in front of antennal insertion; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with 2 distinct apical teeth followed by several teeth or denticles; antennae 11- or 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye small to medium in size; mesosoma short, stout with slightly convex promesonotal dome; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; humeral angle distinct; anterior part of mesopleuron with a well developed flange projecting over base of fore coxa; metanotal groove weak or absent; propodeal spine more or less developed; an additional process or tooth sometimes present in front of each propodeal spine; propodeal lobe present only as a low carina; petiole sessile and lacking distinct node, in lateral view usually (but not always) dorsally with a triangular point or angles at or behind midlength of petiole; postpetiole in dorsal view rectangular; gastral shoulder distinct.</p><p>The worker of Myrmecina <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24818" title="Lookup 'Myrmecina' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily separated from those of other Vietnamese myrmicine genera by the presence of longitudinal carina on the ventrolateral side of head and a sessile petiole.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Five species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Ba Be, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-2 (Ba Be); sp. eg-3 [= sp. 48 of HO: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Cuc Phuong, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-4 (Nam Cat Tien); sp. eg-5 (Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Colonies of Myrmecina <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24818" title="Lookup 'Myrmecina' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species are found in litter and soil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40FF747AD9DE86BA3D6637A56A5442A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
4A6CFBD14919FCFA5F21A6A634D5C0BA.text	4A6CFBD14919FCFA5F21A6A634D5C0BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmica Latreille	<div><p>Myrmica Latreille <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica Latreille' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1804</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Myrmicini (Bolton 2003). The Vietnamese species were recently revised by Radchenko &amp; Elmes (2001) and Radchenko et al. (2006), and the workers have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view oval; preoccipital carina distinct dorsally and laterally; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; anteromedian margin of clypeus weakly convex, lacking an isolated median seta; posteromedian portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; antennae 12-segmented, without distinct club; eye medium sized, convex well laterad; palp formula 6,4; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with apical and 1-2 distinct preapical teeth followed by several smaller teeth or denticles; promesonotum in lateral view slightly raised; promesonotal suture absent or vestigial dorsally; metanotal groove more or less distinctly impressed dorsally; propodeal spine long and sharp; propodeal lobe well developed as a triangular or spinose projection; middle and hind tibiae usually each with a single pectinate spur; petiole pedunculate, with low node; subpetiolar process present as a small tooth anteroventrally; dorsal part of postpetiole in lateral view leaning posterodorsad; gastral shoulder absent; sting well developed, without any apical appendage; head and mesosoma usually strongly reticulate or rugoso-reticulate.</p><p>The worker of Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is somewhat similar to those of Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (see under Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>) and Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. However, in the worker of Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, the tibial spurs of the middle and hind legs are simple or absent, and the apex of sting bears a small lamellate appendage.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Five species have been known from Vietnam: angulata Radchenko &amp; Elmes <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:174971" title="Lookup 'angulata Radchenko &amp; Elmes' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Sa Pa); schoedli Radchenko, Elmes &amp; Bui (Sa Pa); serica Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32443" title="Lookup 'serica Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Sa Pa); titanica Radchenko &amp; Elmes <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:174973" title="Lookup 'titanica Radchenko &amp; Elmes' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Sa Pa); yamanei Radchenko &amp; Elmes <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:174974" title="Lookup 'yamanei Radchenko &amp; Elmes' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Sa Pa).</p><p>Bionomics. Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species have so far been found exclusively in the mountains of Fan Si Pan above approximately1,700 m alt. They inhabit sparse to well-developed forests and nest in rotting logs, wood fragments, under stones, in soil around tree bases, etc. Workers forage on the ground and lower vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A6CFBD14919FCFA5F21A6A634D5C0BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
FFB7634A9AB08CD763FD4E6018881E6B.text	FFB7634A9AB08CD763FD4E6018881E6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmicaria Saunders	<div><p>Myrmicaria Saunders <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24864" title="Lookup 'Myrmicaria Saunders' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1842</p><p>The genus Myrmicaria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24864" title="Lookup 'Myrmicaria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Myrmicariini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2296" title="Lookup 'Myrmicariini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view oval or subrectangular with round posterior corners and straight posterior margin; frontal lobe in full-face view relatively large, completely concealing torulus; frontal carina indistinct or absent; antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus with roundly convex anterior margin; posteromedian portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobe; median clypeal seta absent; mandible relatively narrow, with 4 teeth; antenna 7-segmented, gradually incrassate or with indistinct 3-segmented club; eye large and strongly convex laterad, located behind midlength of side of head in full-face view and relatively high on side in lateral view; mesosoma in lateral view short and high; promesonotum in lateral view a little higher than anterodorsal border of propodeum; promesonotal suture a weak or faint dorsal impression; anteroventral corner of promesonotum forming an acute angle or spine; metanotal groove weakly impressed; posterior slope of promesonotum and dorsum of propodeum margined laterally with a carina that connects with a well-developed propodeal spine; propodeal lobe absent; legs slender and long; petiole with long anterior peduncle and well-developed node; subpetiolar process absent; postpetiole in lateral view relatively long; gastral shoulder present; sting well developed.</p><p>The worker of Myrmicaria <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24864" title="Lookup 'Myrmicaria' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily separated from those of other Vietnamese myrmicine genera by 7-segmented antennal segments, short and high mesosoma, and elongate petiolar peduncle.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Two species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: brunnea Saunders <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32673" title="Lookup 'brunnea Saunders' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [sp. eg-1] (Bac Can, Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong) and vidua F. Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32697" title="Lookup 'vidua F. Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [sp. eg-2] (Da Lat, Que Phong, Nui Chua, Pu Mat, Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Myrmicaria brunnea <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32673" title="Lookup 'Myrmicaria brunnea' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and M. vidua <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32697" title="Lookup 'M. vidua' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> inhabit various habitats such as fruit gardens, sparse forests, forest edges and well-developed forests, and nest in soil, often building big mounds with soil particles. Workers scavenge dead animals and also tend homopterans.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FFB7634A9AB08CD763FD4E6018881E6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
36E1F358748E78DA66CD1952CF4A0534.text	36E1F358748E78DA66CD1952CF4A0534.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oligomyrmex Mayr	<div><p>Oligomyrmex Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1867</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). FernÃ¡ndez (2004) placed Afroxyidris, <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2330" title="Lookup 'Afroxyidris,' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Paedalgus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24892" title="Lookup 'Paedalgus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> as junior synonyms of Carebara <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24887" title="Lookup 'Carebara' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but here we do not follow FernÃ¡ndez 's treatment because of his insufficient consideration of Old World taxa. Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features (see Bolton 2003; Ettershank 1966).</p><p>Worker dimorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular or subtrapezoidal; major with posterolateral corners more or less produced into preoccipital lobes; minor with round posterolateral corners; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus margined laterally by conspicuous carinae in minor (median portion of clypeus usually but not always margined laterally in major); posteromedian portion of clypeus narrowly to relatively broadly inserted between frontal lobes; median clypeal seta absent; mandible triangular, with 5-6 teeth on masticatory margin (teeth often rounded or worn in major); antenna with 9- or 11-segments, with 2-segmented club; eye small to much reduced, or rarely absent; major of some species with mesosomal segmentation developed to a fairly high degree; promesonotum in lateral view usually weakly to strongly raised, but sometimes dorsal outline of mesosoma almost straight; promesonotal suture completely absent dorsally in minor, but sometimes well developed in major; metanotal groove conspicuous, usually impressed deeply on dorsum; propodeum unarmed or armed with a pair of propodeal spines or angles; propodeal lobe slightly to strongly roundly expanded, or present as a carina or lamella attaining the base of propodeal spine or angle; petiole pedunculate and with node, often with subpetiolar process; gastral shoulder usually conspicuous.</p><p>The minor worker of Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to that of Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and the workers of Parvimyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. However, the minor of Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> does not have the median part of clypeus laterally margined by carinae. The workers of Parvimyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> have a median clypeal seta. Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> are hardly distinguishable from each other by the morphology of the major worker but the body is much larger in the latter genus.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Three species of Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> have been described from Vietnam: bouvardi Santschi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:257834" title="Lookup 'bouvardi Santschi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (type locality: Mi Tho, Ho Chi Minh City); capreolus Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33062" title="Lookup 'capreolus Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (type locality: Van Phu); cribriceps <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33067" title="Lookup 'cribriceps' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Wheeler) (type locality: Dong Mo). Twelve additional species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-2 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-3 [= sp. 23 of SKY: Yamane et al., 2003] (Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien, Van Ban); sp. eg-4 [= sp. 22 of SKY: Yamane et al., 2003] (Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Sa Pa, Van Ban); sp. eg-5 [= sp. A: Eguchi et al. 2005] (Ba Be, Sa Pa, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-6 (Ba Be, Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu, Nam Cat Tien); sp. eg-7 [= sp. 24 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-8 (Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu, Phu Quoc); sp. eg-9 (Nam Cat Tien); sp. eg-10 (Van Ban); sp. eg-11 (Phu Quoc); sp. eg-12 (Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc).</p><p>Bionomics. Species richness and colony density of Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> seems to be highest in humid forests. Nests are found in rotten twigs, wood fragments and logs, inside the outer walls of termite mounds and in the soil. Most species probably forage both on and under the ground (Eguchi &amp; Bui 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36E1F358748E78DA66CD1952CF4A0534	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
DB58BE6FE9179033C917F239A787701A.text	DB58BE6FE9179033C917F239A787701A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paratopula Wheeler	<div><p>Paratopula Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2522" title="Lookup 'Paratopula Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1919</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Paratopula <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2522" title="Lookup 'Paratopula' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Paratopulini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183185" title="Lookup 'Paratopulini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (2003). The genus was revised by Bolton (1988b). The worker of the single Vietnamese species has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular; frontal carina indistinct or absent; antennal scrobe absent; anterior clypeal margin feebly emarginated medially, lacking an isolated median seta; posteromedian portion of clypeus very broadly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with 9 teeth decreasing in size from apex to base; antennae 12-segmented, with distinct 3-segmented club; eye large, in full-face view strongly convex laterad; mesosoma in lateral view elongate and low; promesonotum in lateral view not domed; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove distinctly impressed dorsally; propodeal spine long and spinose; propodeal lobe extending well posteriad; petiole consisting of elongate peduncle and cubic node, with small anteroventral process; postpetiole in lateral view compressed dorsoventrally, lower than long; gastral shoulder absent; sting simple and strong; head and mesosoma strongly sculptured with rugation or rugoreticulation; body bearing moderately dense hairs that are short and blunt apically.</p><p>The worker of Paratopula <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2522" title="Lookup 'Paratopula' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is somewhat similar to that of Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. However, in the latter, the lateral portion of clypeus is modified into a distinct ridge or wall in front of antennal insertion, the apex of sting bears a small lamellate appendage, and the body is much smaller.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Only one species is known from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Nam Cat Tien).</p><p>Bionomics. Paratopula <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2522" title="Lookup 'Paratopula' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. eg-1 seems to be an arboreal nester and forager, and so it is rarely found on the ground and lower vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB58BE6FE9179033C917F239A787701A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
42250016190F3341F1D85AFBA382B543.text	42250016190F3341F1D85AFBA382B543.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvimyrma Eguchi & Tuan Viet Bui 2007	<div><p>Parvimyrma Eguchi &amp; Bui <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma Eguchi &amp; Bui' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 2007</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Parvimyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was established for a single species, P. sangi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229337" title="Lookup 'P. sangi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, is placed in the Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group (sensu Bolton 1987, 2003). The 11-segmented antenna and the distinctly 5-toothed triangular mandible are the only features that distinguish Parvimyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> from Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, the morphologically closest genus.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; frontal lobe in full-face view only partially concealing torulus, not extending posteriorly as a frontal carina; antennal scrobe absent; posteromedian portion of clypeus narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; median clypeal seta well developed; 1st paracarinal seta well developed; mandible triangular, overlapping but not crossing over at full closure, with 5 distinct teeth on masticatory margin but without any teeth/ denticles on basal margin; trulleum open; hypostoma with a conspicuous lateral tooth just mesal to each mandibular base; anterior margin of labrum broadly concave medially; palpal formula 2,2; antenna 11-segmented, with 2- segmented club; apical antennal segment much longer than preapical segment; eye completely absent; promesonotum in lateral view low and almost flat or very weakly convex dorsally; promesonotal suture completely absent dorsally; metanotal groove relatively shallowly impressed dorsally; meso- and metatibial spur absent; propodeum unarmed but with a narrow cuticular rim on each posterolateral corner of dorsum; rim running downward and connecting with propodeal lobe; propodeal lobe low and round; propodeal spiracle small; metapleural gland large; petiole pedunculate anteriorly and with distinct node; peduncle with a small anteroventral process; postpetiole much shorter than petiole, in dorsal view a little broader than petiolar node, narrowly attached to anteriormost end of gaster; abdominal tergite IV (= gastral tergite I) broadly overlapping sternite IV on ventral surface of abdomen; gastral shoulder present; sting poorly developed.</p><p>The worker of Parvimyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to those of Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (see distinguishing characters under Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>). However, in the worker of Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the masticatory margin of the mandible bears an apical tooth followed by 2 distinct teeth and then one or more small or inconspicuous denticles, and the antenna is 9- or 10-segmented.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Only one species has been described from Vietnam: sangi Eguchi &amp; Bui <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229337" title="Lookup 'sangi Eguchi &amp; Bui' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Type locality: Tay Yen Tu).</p><p>Bionomics. The type series of Parvimyrma sangi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229337" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma sangi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was collected with a bait trap (small plastic tubes with several entrances containing powdered cheese as bait) buried approximately 10 cm underground in a well-developed forest at around 435 m alt. This circumstantial evidence as well as the species morphological features (depigmentation, a flat body and no eyes) suggests that this species is a subterranean nester and forager (Eguchi &amp; Bui 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/42250016190F3341F1D85AFBA382B543	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
DA98E7C9D47F675744AF0C9129E8E27F.text	DA98E7C9D47F675744AF0C9129E8E27F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidole Westwood	<div><p>Pheidole Westwood <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole Westwood' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1839</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is placed in the tribe Pheidolini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2303" title="Lookup 'Pheidolini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for its complete taxonomic history see Bolton (2003) and Bolton et al. (2006)). North Vietnamese species of the genus were recently revised and 31 species were recognized by Eguchi (2008). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker dimorphic; major with head in full-face view subrectangular, subtrapezoidal or cordate, with posterolateral corner developed as preoccipital lobe; minor with head in full-face view oval, elliptical or subrectangular; frontal lobes far apart so that posteromedian portion of clypeus, where it projects between frontal lobes, is usually broader than one of the lobes; midpoint of anterior clypeal margin without an unpaired median seta; mandible of major massive, with 2 large apical and 1 or 2 conspicuous basal teeth, and margin between these groups of teeth edentate or irregularly and bluntly crenulate; mandible of minor triangular; masticatory margin with 7 or more teeth/denticles; 1 or 2 small denticles present between preapical tooth and 3rd large tooth; in major hypostoma always bearing a large or reduced "lateral" process just mesal to each mandibular base, and often bearing a "median" process and/or a pair of "submedian" processes, i.e. middle of hypostoma bearing 0-3 processes; palp formula 2,2; antenna 12-segmented, with 3- or 4-segmented club, or without a conspicuous club (3-segmented club the dominant condition); eye always present but varying in size, rarely consisting of only a few ommatidia; promesonotum forming a dome which is well raised above level of dorsum of propodeum; promesonotal suture absent or indistinct dorsally; posterior slope of promesonotal dome sometimes with a mound or prominence; metanotal groove weakly to strongly impressed dorsally; propodeal spine usually present (rarely vestigial or almost absent), and variable in size and shape; propodeal lobe inconspicuous, or present as a low lamella, or moderately roundly expanded; petiole in lateral view consisting of slender anterior peduncle and raised posterior node, or petiole gradually rising from base to summit of node; postpetiole in lateral view hemispherical, globular or highly domed, sometimes with anteroventral angle or projection.</p><p>The minor worker of Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to the worker of Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for distinguishing characters see under Aphaenogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" title="Lookup 'Aphaenogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>), Kartidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24879" title="Lookup 'Kartidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Lophomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (see under Lophomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>). However, in the worker of Kartidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24879" title="Lookup 'Kartidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, the masticatory margin of the mandible bears 5 sharp teeth which decrease in size from the apex to the base, and a broad depressed area is present on the vertex between the eyes.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Forty-two species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: aspidata Eguchi &amp; Bui <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:190698" title="Lookup 'aspidata Eguchi &amp; Bui' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Nam Cat Tien); binghamii Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33623" title="Lookup 'binghamii Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu, Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc); capellinii Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33646" title="Lookup 'capellinii Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Nam Cat Tien); colpigaleata Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:210205" title="Lookup 'colpigaleata Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Sa Pa, Tay Yen Tu); dugasi Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33717" title="Lookup 'dugasi Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien); elongicephala Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244652" title="Lookup 'elongicephala Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, My Yen, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); fervens F. Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33740" title="Lookup 'fervens F. Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ha Noi, My Yen, Nui Chua); fervida F. <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33741" title="Lookup 'fervida F.' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> S m i t h (Sa Pa); fortis Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:210206" title="Lookup 'fortis Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Sa Pa, Tam Dao); foveolata Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:210207" title="Lookup 'foveolata Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Sa Pa); gatesi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33753" title="Lookup 'gatesi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Wheeler) (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao); hongkongensis Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:180504" title="Lookup 'hongkongensis Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Be, My Yen, Pu Mat, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); indosinensis Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244653" title="Lookup 'indosinensis Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Tam Dao); laevicolor Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:210208" title="Lookup 'laevicolor Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Be, Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, My Yen, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); laevithorax Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244654" title="Lookup 'laevithorax Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Tay Yen Tu); magna Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:210209" title="Lookup 'magna Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Sa Pa); megacephala <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33860" title="Lookup 'megacephala' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Fabricius) (Ha Noi, Quang Ninh, Vinh Long); noda F. Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33898" title="Lookup 'noda F. Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Be, Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Sa Pa, Tam Dao, Van Ban); ochracea Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244655" title="Lookup 'ochracea Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Nam Cat Tien, Sa Pa, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu); parva Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33919" title="Lookup 'parva Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Cuc Phuong, Ho Chi Minh City, My Yen); pieli Santschi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33929" title="Lookup 'pieli Santschi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Be, Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Hoa Binh, Ky Thuong, Phu Quoc, Pu Hoat, Pu Mat, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); plagiaria F. <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" title="Lookup 'plagiaria F.' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> S m i t h (Ba Vi, My Yen, Tam Dao, Phu Quoc); planidorsum Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:169136" title="Lookup 'planidorsum Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Nam Cat Tien); planifrons Santschi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33934" title="Lookup 'planifrons Santschi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Nam Cat Tien, Pu Mat, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); rabo Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33958" title="Lookup 'rabo Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Ky Thuong, Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); rinae Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33967" title="Lookup 'rinae Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Nam Cat Tien); rugithorax Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244656" title="Lookup 'rugithorax Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Pu Mat, Nam Cat Tien, Nui Chua, Phu Quoc); smythiesii Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34015" title="Lookup 'smythiesii Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Pu Hoat, Tam Dao); taipoana Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151520" title="Lookup 'taipoana Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ky Thuong, Pu Mat); tandjongensis Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34040" title="Lookup 'tandjongensis Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Phu Quoc); tjibodana Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175121" title="Lookup 'tjibodana Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Be, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien, Ky Thuong, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, V a n B a n); tumida Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181984" title="Lookup 'tumida Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Be, Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Ky Thuong, Nam Cat Tien, Nui Chua, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu; Van Ban); vieti Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244658" title="Lookup 'vieti Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Tam Dao); vulgaris Eguchi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:210210" title="Lookup 'vulgaris Eguchi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Ky Thuong, My Yen, Sa Pa, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu); yeensis Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:232377" title="Lookup 'yeensis Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ba Be, Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Ky Thuong, My Yen, Nam Cat Tien, Pu Hoat, Pu Mat, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu); zoceana Santschi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151450" title="Lookup 'zoceana Santschi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Pu Hoat, Sa Pa); sp. eg-165 (Lam Dong); sp. eg-170 (Nam Cat Tien); sp. eg-179 (Nam Cat Tien); sp. eg-187 (Nui Chua); sp. eg-188 (Van Ban); sp. eg-189 (Nui Chua).</p><p>Bionomics. Pheidole <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" title="Lookup 'Pheidole' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> inhabits various habitats such as bare lands, grasslands, forest edges and well-developed forests. Their nests are usually found in rotting logs, twigs, wood fragments, under stones and in soil. The majority of species forage on the ground, but some such as P. v u lg a r is forage both on and under the ground.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA98E7C9D47F675744AF0C9129E8E27F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
8F6F3955F32A793E8D32B8D5A1369F3D.text	8F6F3955F32A793E8D32B8D5A1369F3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheidologeton Mayr	<div><p>Pheidologeton Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1862</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the Carebara <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24887" title="Lookup 'Carebara' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group of the tribe Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The genus was preliminarily reviewed by Yamane (2000). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker polymorphic; head in full-face view oval or subrectangular in minor, subrectangular or subtrapezoidal with roundly expanded vertexal lobe in media and major; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus not margined laterally by conspicuous carinae; posteromedian portion of clypeus relatively broadly inserted between frontal lobes; median clypeal seta absent; mandible triangular, 4-6 teeth on masticatory margin (teeth more rounded or worn in major); antenna 11-segmented, with 2-segmented club; eye small to moderate in size, sometimes consisting of only a few ommatidia; mesosoma in lateral view relatively slender in minor, but short and robust in major; promesonotum in lateral view usually well raised as a dome, much higher than anterodorsal border of propodeum; promesonotal suture completely absent dorsally in minor, but often conspicuous in major; posterior slope of promesonotal dome often with a prominence in major; metanotal suture weakly impressed dorsally; propodeal spine always present, but variable in size and shape; propodeum lobe low or almost absent; petiole consisting of anterior peduncle and node (but anterior peduncle ill defined from node in major); gastral shoulder distinct to indistinct.</p><p>The minor worker of Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to the minor of Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for distinguished characters see under Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>) and the worker of Lophomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (see under Lophomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24880" title="Lookup 'Lophomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Vietnamese species. One species has been described from Vietnam: varius Santschi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34136" title="Lookup 'varius Santschi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (type locality: Ho Chi Minh City). Four additional species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: diversus (Jerdon) [= sp. eg-3] (Nam Cat Tien, Ninh Thuan, Pu Mat, Quang Tri, Tam Dao); trechideros Zhou <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:152529" title="Lookup 'trechideros Zhou' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> et Zheng [= sp. eg-1] (Chua Yen Tu, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); vespillo Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:34137" title="Lookup 'vespillo Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-2] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-4 [= cf. affinis (Jerdon)] (Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu, Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien, Pu Mat).</p><p>Bionomics. Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> diversus usually inhabits urban areas, bare lands, grasslands, forest edges and sparse forests. In contrast, the other Vietnamese species of Pheidologeton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" title="Lookup 'Pheidologeton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> inhabit rather developed forests. Pheidologeton conlonies are extremely large and usually occur in soil under logs and stones. Permanent foraging trails, galleries and tunnels extend outward from the nests. A mass of foragers gather various kinds of food such as living and dead invertebrates, honeydew of homopterans and plant matter (nectar, fruits, seeds, etc).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F6F3955F32A793E8D32B8D5A1369F3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
43170C614818C2E9B7F7C8A65152A611.text	43170C614818C2E9B7F7C8A65152A611.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristomyrmex Mayr	<div><p>Pristomyrmex Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24820" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1866</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Pristomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24820" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Myrmecinini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2294" title="Lookup 'Myrmecinini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> together with Acanthomyrmex, Myrmecina and Perissomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24819" title="Lookup 'Perissomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The genus was recently revised by Wang (2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view rounded, or rarely subtrapezoidal (as in P. profundus); frontal lobe reduced or vestigial; frontal carina usually developed; antennal scrobe absent or indistinct, but rarely well developed (as in P. profundus); anterior clypeal margin with three or more denticles; median clypeal seta absent; lateral portion of clypeus reduced; posteromedian portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; antenna 11-segmented with distinct 3-segmented club; eye medium sized; masticatory margin of mandible almost vertical to basal margin, 3-, 4- or 5-toothed; mesosoma short and high; promesonotum not domed, but rarely raised above anterodorsal border of propodeum (as in P. profundus), unarmed or armed with a pair of humeral teeth or spines; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; anterior part of mesopleuron forming a flange projecting over basal part of fore coxa; metanotal groove usually absent, but rarely marked weakly (as in P. profundus); propodeum armed with a pair of teeth or spines; propodeal lobe triangular, blunt-triangular, or semicircular, but rarely absent (as in P. profundus); petiole with peduncle and node; postpetiole relatively short and high.</p><p>The worker of Pristomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24820" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to the minor worker of Acanthomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2320" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for distinguishing characters see under Acanthomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2320" title="Lookup 'Acanthomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Vietnamese species. Five species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: profundus Wang [= sp. eg-4] (Phu Quoc); punctatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35518" title="Lookup 'punctatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (F. Smith) [= sp. eg-1] (Ba Be, Pu Mat, Tam Dao); rigidus Wang <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:184355" title="Lookup 'rigidus Wang' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-2; = sp. 20 of SKY: Eguchi et al. 2005] (Ba Vi, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sulcatus Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:184374" title="Lookup 'sulcatus Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-5; = sp. 13 of SKY: Eguchi et al. 2005] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-3 [cf. occultus Wang; = sp. 16 of SKY: Eguchi et al. 2005] (Tam Dao).</p><p>Bionomics. The thelytokous Pristomyrmex punctatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35518" title="Lookup 'Pristomyrmex punctatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is nomadic, but the other Vietnamese species live in rather stable nests in rotting twigs and wood fragments and under stones. The colony size of Vietnamese species, except P. punctatus <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35518" title="Lookup 'P. punctatus' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, is relatively small; colonies consisting of less than 100 workers may produce reproductives.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/43170C614818C2E9B7F7C8A65152A611	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
ADF8F32EACF4B26CAEB1AE50F5D97630.text	ADF8F32EACF4B26CAEB1AE50F5D97630.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proatta Forel	<div><p>Proatta Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24914" title="Lookup 'Proatta Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1912</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Proatta <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24914" title="Lookup 'Proatta' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (1994, 2003). It contains a single species, Proatta butteli <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35531" title="Lookup 'Proatta butteli' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view elongate-pentagonal, with a shallow central longitudinal depression; preoccipital region forming four tubercles dorsally and a bilobate lobe laterally; frontal lobe very large and raised; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus protruded anteriad, in lateral view forming a steep anterior face; median clypeal seta absent; lateral portion of clypeus modified into a ridge or wall in front of antennal insertion; posteromedian portion of clypeus narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; antenna 12- segmented with indistinct 3-segmented club; eye small, convex well laterad; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with apical and two preapical teeth, followed by an inconspicuous tooth (4 teeth in total); promesonotum domed, with 3 pairs of tubercles dorsally, a tubercle anterolaterally, and a forked tubercle on posterior slope; promesonotal suture absent; metanotal groove well defined; a small tubercle present on dorsum of propodeum behind groove; propodeal spine long; propodeal lobe well developed as a round lamella; petiole with long peduncle and low node which has tubercles anterodorsally and posterodorsally; postpetiole short and high; gastral shoulder absent; standing hairs absent from dorsum of body (simple standing hairs present at apex of gaster and on mandible, slightly clavate hairs on second and third segments of gaster).</p><p>The worker of Proatta butteli <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35531" title="Lookup 'Proatta butteli' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily separated from that of other known Vietnamese myrmicine genera by the tuberculate head and mesosoma.</p><p>Vietnamese species. The single described species in the genus is known from Vietnam: butteli Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35531" title="Lookup 'butteli Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc).</p><p>Bionomics. Proatta butteli <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35531" title="Lookup 'Proatta butteli' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is found in lowland forests of southern Vietnam, and nests under stones and wood fragments and in soil around tree bases. Adults are brick red and dull and are clad in dirt. When their nests are exposed, the cryptic workers freeze for a while, making them very difficult to detect.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ADF8F32EACF4B26CAEB1AE50F5D97630	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
CE3DCBE0CFC90B0D7DEC0FD5B6C06BF8.text	CE3DCBE0CFC90B0D7DEC0FD5B6C06BF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyramica Roger	<div><p>Pyramica Roger <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica Roger' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1862</p><p>Taxonomy. Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was synonymized with Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Roger (1863), but it was revived and revised by Bolton(1999 and 2000), and assigned to the tribe Dacetini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2280" title="Lookup 'Dacetini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. We follow Bolton 's concept of the genus (but see also Baroni Urbani &amp; De Andrade 2007). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features. Species belonging to the argiola- and murphyi-groups of Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> are characterized by linear mandibles, like those in Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but representatives of these groups have not yet been found from Vietnam.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view elongate-triangular or elongate-cordiform; frontal lobe horizontal, covering antennal insertion; frontal carina distinct; antennal scrobe usually distinct but sometimes weak; median portion of clypeus expanded well anteriad; posteromedian part of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible usually elongate-triangular, with serially dentate masticatory margin; labrum with a pair of large distal lobes which arise from across entire width of labrum; antenna 4- or 6-segmented, with two apical elongate segments forming a club; eye small to medium, located ventrolaterally below antennal scrobe; promesonotum often raised; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove usually impressed weakly or absent, but rarely remarkably stringly impressed; propodeal spine present or absent; posterior slope of propodeum often marginate laterally with lamelliform appendage; propodeal spiracle located high on side of propodeum and very close to, or at the posterior margin of the side; forecoxa basally with a rim or carina; petiole pedunculate, with low node; postpetiole with broad elliptical dorsal mound; spongiform appendages usually (but not always) well developed ventrally and laterally on both petiole and postpetiole.</p><p>The worker of Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to that of Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. In all Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species so far known from Vietnam the mandible is elongate-triangular with a serially dentate masticatory margin, and so they are easily distinguished from Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species. However, for precise identification, the morphology of labrum needs to be examined.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Eight species has been recognized by us from Vietnam: canina <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:244303" title="Lookup 'canina' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Brown &amp; Boisvert) [= sp. eg-2] (Tay Yen Tu); dohertyi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:144543" title="Lookup 'dohertyi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Emery) [= sp. eg-1] (Ba Vi, Sa Pa, Tay Yen Tu, Tam Dao, Van Ban); kichijo <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146694" title="Lookup 'kichijo' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Terayama, Lin et Wu) [= sp. eg-5] (Cuc Phuong); japonica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:144560" title="Lookup 'japonica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Ito) [= sp. eg-6] (Sa Pa); mitis Brown [= sp. eg-3] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien); nepalensis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:144572" title="Lookup 'nepalensis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (De Andrade) [= sp. eg-4] (Ba Be); sp. eg-7 (My Yen, Van Ban); sp. eg-8 (Nam Cat Tien).</p><p>Bionomics. The majority of species of Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> are litter dwellers in well-developed forest. Nests are often found in and under rotting twigs and wood fragments on the forest floor. Because we have not yet employed Winkler bags, used to extract small soil animals from litter, our collection of Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species may be under-represented.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE3DCBE0CFC90B0D7DEC0FD5B6C06BF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
8878CA182EAEC47E691FEABE9240D81F.text	8878CA182EAEC47E691FEABE9240D81F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Recurvidris Bolton	<div><p>Recurvidris Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35879" title="Lookup 'Recurvidris Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1992</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus was first described by Forel (1890) as Trigonogaster <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:98690" title="Lookup 'Trigonogaster' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but the name was preoccupied by a pteromalid chalcid, so the new name Recurvidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35879" title="Lookup 'Recurvidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was proposed by Bolton (1992). It was classified in the tribe Crematogastrini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2278" title="Lookup 'Crematogastrini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view oval or subrectangular; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus in lateral view relatively steeply sloping anteriad; anterior clypeal margin lacking an isolated median seta; posteromedian portion of clypeus relatively broadly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible relatively narrow; masticatory margin oblique, with 4-5 teeth; antennae 11-segmented, with distinct 3-segmented club; eye well developed, weakly pointed anteroventrally; mesosoma long; promesonotal dome raised above anterodorsal border of propodeum, with a long posterior slope to propodeum; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove weakly impressed dorsally; propodeal spine curving upwards and forwards from base; propodeal spiracle located close to dorsal face of propodeum, far in front of base of propodeal spine; propodeal lobe vestigial; petiole pedunculate, with a tiny to large, triangular subpetiolar process; petiolar node low and weakly conical in lateral view; postpetiole in lateral view dorsoventrally narrowed posteriorly, in dorsal view broadly attached to first gastral segment; first gastral segment behind postpetiole in lateral view extremely dorsoventrally compressed; gastral shoulder absent.</p><p>The worker of Recurvidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35879" title="Lookup 'Recurvidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is somewhat similar to that of Crematogaster (Orthocrema) <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147157" title="Lookup '(Orthocrema)' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species (for distinguishing characters see under Crematogaster).</p><p>Vietnamese species. Three species has been found from Vietnam: glabriceps Zhou <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175301" title="Lookup 'glabriceps Zhou' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-1; = sp. 6 of SKY: Eguchi et al. 2005] (Tam Dao, Van Ban); sp eg-2 (Ba Be, My Yen, Pu Mat, Van Ban); sp. eg-3 (Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Vietnamese Recurvidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:35879" title="Lookup 'Recurvidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species inhabit forest edges and woody habitats, but rarely grasslands. They nest in the soil and build a chimney-shaped mound on the nest entrance with soil particles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8878CA182EAEC47E691FEABE9240D81F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
DCD17D498630D4204B0E89D0EEBA9A82.text	DCD17D498630D4204B0E89D0EEBA9A82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalomastix Forel	<div><p>Rhopalomastix Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24811" title="Lookup 'Rhopalomastix Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1900</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Rhopalomastix <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24811" title="Lookup 'Rhopalomastix' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Melissotarsini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2289" title="Lookup 'Melissotarsini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The worker of the single Vietnamese species has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head subrectangular; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; frontal lobes touching or separated only by a narrow longitudinal impression; median portion of clypeus weakly convex anteriorly, lacking median clypeal seta but bearing a pair of thick and short submedian setae; mandible small, with 4 teeth; antenna 10-segmented, with 2-segmented club; scape very short, extending a little beyond midlength of head when laid backwards; eye relatively large, located well in front of midlength of side of head; mesosoma box-shaped; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove absent; propodeum unarmed; metapleural gland bulla large; propodeal lobe absent; fore- and hindfemora extremely widened and flattened distally; petiole nodiform, with relatively high node, anteroventrally with well-developed subpetiolar process; postpetiole much shorter than high, broadly attached to anteriormost portion of gaster; gastral shoulder absent.</p><p>The worker of Rhopalomastix <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24811" title="Lookup 'Rhopalomastix' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily separated from those of other known Vietnamese myrmicine genera by a combination of the following characters: frontal lobes closely approximated; eye relatively large; mesosoma box-shaped; fore- and hindfemora extremely widened and flattened distally; postpetiole broadly attached to gaster.</p><p>Vietnamese species. One species has been found from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 [= sp. 3 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Pu Mat, Tam Dao).</p><p>Bionomics. Rhopalomastix <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24811" title="Lookup 'Rhopalomastix' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> nests in spaces under the bark of standing tree trunks.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DCD17D498630D4204B0E89D0EEBA9A82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
B563F68EDA5D90166904024C87BCEF04.text	B563F68EDA5D90166904024C87BCEF04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhoptromyrmex Mayr	<div><p>Rhoptromyrmex Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24923" title="Lookup 'Rhoptromyrmex Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1901</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Rhoptromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24923" title="Lookup 'Rhoptromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Tetramoriini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2315" title="Lookup 'Tetramoriini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The genus was revised by Bolton (1986). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view cordate; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; anteromedian margin of clypeus broadly convex without any emargination at its midpoint, overhanging basal border of mandibular blade when mandibles closed, lacking an isolated median seta; posteromedian portion of clypeus very broadly inserted between frontal lobes; lateral portion of clypeus modified into a narrow and low ridge or wall in front of antennal insertion; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with apical and 1 or 2 larger preapical teeth followed by some smaller teeth or minute denticles; palp formula 3,2; antennae 12-segmented, with distinct 3-segmented club; eye relatively large; mesosoma relatively short and high; promesonotum in lateral view not or hardly raised; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove weakly impressed dorsally; mesopleuron marginate anteriorly with a carina that never develops into distinct flange projecting over basal part of forecoxa; propodeal spine long and spinose; propodeal lobe reduced to a low carina; petiole consisting of short and stout peduncle and relatively high node; gastral shoulder indistinct or absent; apex of sting with a small lamellate appendage; body bearing a few standing hairs which are short and blunt apically; head and mesosoma only weakly and finely rugose.</p><p>The worker of Rhoptromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24923" title="Lookup 'Rhoptromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to that of Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but in the latter the head in full-face view is roughly oval or subrectangular, with posterolateral corners which are not or weakly produced and the propodeal lobe is well developed. In Vietnamese species of Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> the palp formula is 4,3.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Three species have been found from Vietnam: wroughtonii Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:249638" title="Lookup 'wroughtonii Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-2; = sp. 1 of SKY: Eguchi et al. 2005] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Sa Pa, My Yen, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-1 [= sp. 2 of SKY: Eguchi et al. 2005](Cuc Phuong, Sa Pa, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-3 [= sp. 3 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Tam Dao).</p><p>Bionomics. Vietnamese Rhoptromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24923" title="Lookup 'Rhoptromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species inhabit forest edges and woody habitats, but sometimes open habitats. They nest in soil and build a large caldera-shaped entance mound with soil particles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B563F68EDA5D90166904024C87BCEF04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
1918900250ECBCDEEF53252E62BD2CB5.text	1918900250ECBCDEEF53252E62BD2CB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solenopsis Westwood	<div><p>Solenopsis Westwood <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis Westwood' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1840</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group of the tribe Solenopsidini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2312" title="Lookup 'Solenopsidini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> by Bolton (1987). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic or polymorphic (worker of the introduced S. geminata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36277" title="Lookup 'S. geminata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> polymorphic); head in full-face view subrectangular; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus expanded anteriad, usually defined laterally by clypeal carinae which form clypeal teeth; median clypeal seta present (sometimes absent in major of S. geminata); posteromedian portion of clypeus moderately or narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible usually narrow and subtriangular, with apical tooth followed by 2 distinct teeth and then one or more small or inconspicuous denticles on masticatory margin (major of S. geminata with massive mandible lacking teeth on masticatory margin); antenna 9- or 10-segmented, with 2-segmented club; apical antennal segment much longer than preapical segment; eye moderately developed, reduced or absent; promesonotum in lateral view usually weakly or strongly domed; promesonotal suture absent or weak dorsally; metanotal groove conspicuous dorsally, usually a deeply impressed groove on dorsum; propodeum unarmed; propodeal lobe roundly expanded, or reduced to a carina; petiole pedunculate with distinct node; gastral shoulder inconspicuous to well developed; sting well developed.</p><p>Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. eg-3 (Vietnam), sp. eg-4 (W. Malaysia) and sp. eg-5 (Vietnam and Thailand) show characteristics seen in the minor worker of the Carebara lignata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:27377" title="Lookup 'Carebara lignata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species complex sensu FernÃ¡ndez (2004): antenna 9-segmented, with 2-segmented club; eye completely absent; median portion of clypeus in profile roundly and strongly swollen; clypeal carina evanescent or absent; clypeal teeth completely absent; promesonotum in profile rather flat dorsally. However, Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. eg-3, sp. eg-4 and sp. eg-5 have a median clypeal seta which is distinguishable from the background hairs on the anterior clypeal margin.</p><p>The worker of Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to the minor worker of Oligomyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24890" title="Lookup 'Oligomyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, and the worker of Parvimyrma <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229336" title="Lookup 'Parvimyrma' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Monomorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24899" title="Lookup 'Monomorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for distinguishing characters see under the relevant genera).</p><p>Vietnamese species. Four species are known from Vietnam: geminata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36277" title="Lookup 'geminata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Fabricius) (Ha Noi, Nam Cat Tien, Nui Chua, Phu Quoc), sp. eg-2 [= sp. 12 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Binh Chau - Phuoc Buu, Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien, Pu Mat), sp. eg-3 [= sp. 3 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Cuc Phuong, Tay Yen Tu), sp. eg-5 (Binh Chau - Phuoc Buu, Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc).</p><p>Bionomics. Solenopsis <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24903" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> sp. eg-2 and sp. eg-3 are found in the soil or under stones. Their reduced or absent eyes and pale body color suggest that they are subterranean nesters and foragers or even lestobiotic in the nest of other ants or termites. Solenopsis geminata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36277" title="Lookup 'Solenopsis geminata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is an introduced species from the Neotropics. Commerce has accidentally introduced the species to urban and rural areas and other open habitats (including agricultural fields) in North America, South America, Asia, Australia, Oceania and Africa. The species is omnivorous and nests in the soil often beneath objects such as stones, concrete blocks, etc. This is one of the notorious pest ants in Asia (named the tropical fire ant) because well-developed colonies include a huge number of aggressive workers armed with a powerful sting. Detailed bionomics of S. geminata <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36277" title="Lookup 'S. geminata' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and other fire ants are provided by Taber (2000).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1918900250ECBCDEEF53252E62BD2CB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
FA1771CEBCD007655A6A72A0A7476E70.text	FA1771CEBCD007655A6A72A0A7476E70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strumigenys Smith	<div><p>Strumigenys Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1860</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Dacetini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2280" title="Lookup 'Dacetini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The genus was recently revised by Bolton (2000), and we follow his concept of the genus (but see also Baroni Urbani &amp; De Andrade 2007). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view elongate-cordiform; posterior margin deeply emarginate in middle; frontal carina and antennal scrobe usually distinct, running dorsolaterally above eye; frontal lobe horizontal, covering antennal insertion; clypeus forming a flat shelf which overhangs basal portion of mandible; mandible sublinear to linear (but rarely shortened and basally thickened), straight or curved, terminating in an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth; one or two small intercalary teeth or denticles usually present between or below spiniform apical teeth; mandible usually with one preapical tooth; labrum with distal lobes reduced to papillae or vestigial, not arising from across entire width of labrum; antenna 6-segmented, with two apical elongate segments together forming a club; eye small, located ventrolaterally; promesonotum usually more or less raised; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove absent; propodeal spine present or absent; posterior slope of propodeum often marginate laterally with lamelliform appendage; propodeal spiracle located high on side of propodeum and close to or at margin of posterior slope of propodeum; fore coxa with a basal rim or carina; petiole pedunculate, with low node; postpetiole with broad elliptical dorsal mound; spongiform appendages well developed ventrally and laterally on both petiole and postpetiole.</p><p>The worker of Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to that of Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for distinguishing characters see under Pyramica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146444" title="Lookup 'Pyramica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>).</p><p>Vietnamese species. Ten species are known from Vietnam: feae Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36603" title="Lookup 'feae Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-3; = sp. 44 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi, Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu); lewisi Cameron <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36635" title="Lookup 'lewisi Cameron' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-6; = sp. 33 of SKY: Yamane et al., 2003] (Ba Vi, Sa Pa, Tam Dao, Van Ban); rallarhina Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:156723" title="Lookup 'rallarhina Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-7; = sp. 39, 46 of SKY: Yamane et al., 2005] (Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sydorata Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:156711" title="Lookup 'sydorata Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-9] (Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat); sp. eg-1 [cf. nanzanensis Lin et Wu] (Cuc Phuong, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-2 (Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-5 [cf. heteropha Bolton] (Tay Ye n T u); sp. eg-8 (Cuc Phuong, Pu Mat); sp. eg-10 (Pu Mat); sp. eg-11 (Nam Cat Tien).</p><p>Bionomics. The majority of species of Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> are litter dwellers in well-developed forest. Nests are often found in and under rotting twigs and wood fragments on the forest floor. Because we have not yet employed Winkler bags, used to extract small soil animals from litter, our collection of Strumigenys <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2458" title="Lookup 'Strumigenys' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species may under-represented.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA1771CEBCD007655A6A72A0A7476E70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
4ADBF2B5E04D02A1EAB1A4AF15F0161D.text	4ADBF2B5E04D02A1EAB1A4AF15F0161D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Temnothorax Mayr 1861	<div><p>Temn th rax Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'th rax Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1861</p><p>Taxonomy. Although the genus Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was synonymized with Leptothorax, <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2521" title="Lookup 'Leptothorax,' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> was recently revived as an independent genus by Bolton (2003) and assigned to the Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group of the tribe Formicoxenini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2284" title="Lookup 'Formicoxenini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>. Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic. Head subrectangular with round posterior corners; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus moderately convex anteriad, but never forming an anteriorly projecting shelf and never distinctly overlapping basal portion of mandibular blades; median clypeal carina weak but present; median clypeal seta absent; posteromedian portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible triangular, with 5 teeth; palp formula 5,3; stipes of maxilla without a transverse crest at about its midlength; antenna 12-segmented, with 3-segmented antennal club; eye moderate to large in size; promesonotum in lateral view only weakly raised; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove shallowly impressed or almost absent dorsally; propodeal spine present; propodeal lobe roundly expanded; middle and hind tibiae without distinct spurs apically; petiole pedunculate, with low node, with a tiny process or angle on ventral face of anterior part of peduncle; gastral shoulder weakly present; sting simple, without any appendix apically.</p><p>The worker of Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to that of Vo m b i s i d r i s and Cardiocondyla <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" title="Lookup 'Cardiocondyla' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for distingusihed characters see under the latter genera).</p><p>Vietnamese species. Two species are known from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-2 (Tam Dao).</p><p>Bionomics. Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species are rare in Vietnam where they have been collected around or above 1000 m alt. in northern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4ADBF2B5E04D02A1EAB1A4AF15F0161D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
42FE6259AF9DB42D5C1ECE9E4E489903.text	42FE6259AF9DB42D5C1ECE9E4E489903.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium Mayr	<div><p>Tetramorium Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1855</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Tetramoriini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2315" title="Lookup 'Tetramoriini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for a complete taxonomic history see Bolton 2003). The Oriental species were revised by Bolton (1976, 1977). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular, with rounded posterior corners; frontal carina usually (but not always) long and distinct; antennal scrobe weak or absent; anteromedian margin of clypeus weakly convex, often with a weak emargination at midpoint, lacking any denticles or teeth; an isolated median seta absent; posteromedian portion of clypeus very broadly inserted between frontal lobes; lateral portion of clypeus modified into a distinct ridge or wall in front of antennal insertion; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with apical and 1 or 2 larger preapical teeth followed by some smaller teeth or minute denticles; palp formula 4,3; antennae 11- or 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; basal rim of shaft of antennal scape often forming an enlarged lobe expanding ventrad; eye medium to large in size; mesosoma in lateral view weakly convex dorsad; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove absent; anterior part of mesopleuron forming a flange projecting over basal part of fore coxa; propodeal spine present, varying in size and shape; propodeal lobe well developed usually as a triangular lamella or spinose projection but sometimes as a subrectangular or round lamella; petiole pedunculate, with distinct node; a tiny denticle or process present on the anteriormost part of ventral face of peduncle (it is often concealed by mesopleuron and or hind coxa in lateral view); gastral shoulder distinct to absent; apex of sting with a small lamellate appendage; head and mesosoma usually strongly reticulate or rugoso-reticulate.</p><p>The worker of Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is similar to those of Rhoptromyrmex <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24923" title="Lookup 'Rhoptromyrmex' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> and Myrmica <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24868" title="Lookup 'Myrmica' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (for distingusihing characters see under the latter genera)</p><p>Vietnamese species. Four species have been described from Vietnam: indosinense Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37043" title="Lookup 'indosinense Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-13] (Type locality: Ha Noi; other locality: Ba Vi); infraspinosum Karaviev <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37047" title="Lookup 'infraspinosum Karaviev' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (type locality: Cau Da); kieti Roncin (type locality: Vietnam); secure Roncin (type locality: Vietnam). An additional 21 species have recognized by us from Vietnam: flavipes Emery <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37002" title="Lookup 'flavipes Emery' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-4; = sp. 39 of SKY: Yamane et al., 2003] (Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); kheperra <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37068" title="Lookup 'kheperra' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton) [= sp. eg-9] (Ba Vi, Phu Quoc, Tay Ye n T u); lanuginosum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37076" title="Lookup 'lanuginosum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-17] (Ba Vi, Bac Kan, Tam Dao); nipponense Wheeler <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37124" title="Lookup 'nipponense Wheeler' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-5] (Ba Be, Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Sa Pa, My Yen, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-1 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-2 [= kraepelini Forel <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37072" title="Lookup 'kraepelini Forel' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi, Nam Cat Tien, Phu Quoc, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-3 [= sp. 32 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-6 [cf. pacificum Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37139" title="Lookup 'pacificum Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>] (Sa Pa, Pu Mat); sp. eg-7 (Sa Pa); sp. eg-8 (Ba Be); sp. eg-10 (Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-12 (Ba Vi, Pu Mat); sp. eg-14 (Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu); sp. eg-15 [= bicarinatum <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36915" title="Lookup 'bicarinatum' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Nylander): Eguchi et al., 2005] (Tam Dao); sp. eg-16 [= smithi Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37230" title="Lookup 'smithi Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi); sp. eg-18 [= walshi <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37288" title="Lookup 'walshi' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Forel): Yamane et al., 2003] (Cuc Phuong, My Yen, Pu Mat); sp. eg-19 (Ba Be); sp. eg-21 (Cuc Phuong); sp. eg-22 (Nam Cat Tien); sp. eg-23 (Nam Cat Tien, Nui Chua); sp. eg-24 (Nam Cat Tien).</p><p>Bionomics. Tetramorium <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24927" title="Lookup 'Tetramorium' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species inhabit various habitats such as open lands, grasslands, forest edges and well-developed forests. Their nests are usually found in rotting logs, twigs, wood fragments, under stones and in soil. Workers forage mainly on the ground.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/42FE6259AF9DB42D5C1ECE9E4E489903	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
BD804D87E8F7F2755C89BA193DED0601.text	BD804D87E8F7F2755C89BA193DED0601.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vollenhovia Mayr	<div><p>Vollenhovia Mayr <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24816" title="Lookup 'Vollenhovia Mayr' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1865</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Vollenhovia <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24816" title="Lookup 'Vollenhovia' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the tribe Stenammini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2314" title="Lookup 'Stenammini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus raised, laterally margined with a slight to conspicuous longitudinal carina; anteromedian portion often forming a transverse strip; an isolated median seta absent; posteromedian portion relatively narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; lateral portion of clypeus never modified into a distinct ridge or wall in front of antennal insertion; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with 6 or more teeth; antennae 11- or 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye always present, small to medium sized; mesosoma in lateral view long and low; promesonotum in lateral view usually not domed; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove weakly to slightly impressed dorsally; posterodorsal portion of propodeum with rounded corners or small teeth; propodeal lobe present as carina or low lamella; petiole nodiform; anterior peduncle short and obscure; posterodorsal margin of petiole produced posterodorsad as a rim which is distinctly (or at least a little) higher than the dorsal outline of helcium of petiole when waist segments stretched posteriad; subpetiolar process usually (but not always) developed as a large lamella; gastral shoulder absent.</p><p>The worker of Vollenhovia <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24816" title="Lookup 'Vollenhovia' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is easily separated from those of other known Vietnamese myrmicine genera by the flattened body and the posterodorsal margin of petiole produced as a rim.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Seven species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 [= sp. 40 and sp. 54 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Cuc Phuong, Sa Pa, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-2 [= sp. 34 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Sa Pa, Pu Mat, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); sp. eg-5 [= sp. 36 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi); sp. eg-6 (Chua Yen Tu); sp. eg-7 [= sp. 39 of SKY: Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi, Chua Yen Tu, Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao, Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-8 (Pu Mat, Nam Cat Tien); sp. eg-9 (Nam Cat Tien).</p><p>Bionomics. Vollenhovia <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24816" title="Lookup 'Vollenhovia' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> species usually inhabit forest habitats and nest in rotting twigs, wood fragments and logs, and in spaces under the bark of logs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD804D87E8F7F2755C89BA193DED0601	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
9BE10BD1508F09712F454F0DDC295F19.text	9BE10BD1508F09712F454F0DDC295F19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vombisidris Bolton	<div><p>Vombisidris Bolton <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2531" title="Lookup 'Vombisidris Bolton' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, 1991</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Vombisidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2531" title="Lookup 'Vombisidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is assigned to the Romblonella <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2527" title="Lookup 'Romblonella' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> genus group of the tribe Formicoxenini <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2284" title="Lookup 'Formicoxenini' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Bolton 2003). The worker of the single Vietnamese species has the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular, with round posterolateral corners; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus roundly convex anteriad; median clypeal seta absent; posterior portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; mandible triangular; masticatory margin with 5 teeth; large apical tooth followed by two smaller teeth, then a long diastema (or very finely serrate margin) and two small basal teeth; antenna 12-segmented, with strongly defined 3-segmented club; eye well developed; sides of head below eye with a strong, sinuate, subocular groove; mesosoma in lateral view elongate and low; promesonotum not convex dorsad; promesonotal suture and metanotal groove absent dorsally; propodeal spine developed well; propodeal lobe roundly expanded; petiole pedunculate, with relatively low node, with a subpetiolar process on anteroventral face of peduncle; gastral shoulder weakly present; sting well developed and simple.</p><p>The worker of Vombisidris <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2531" title="Lookup 'Vombisidris' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> is somewhat similar to that of Temnothorax <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147258" title="Lookup 'Temnothorax' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span>, but in the latter the side of head below the eye lacks a subocular groove.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Only one species has been found from Vietnam: sp. eg-1 (Cuc Phuong).</p><p>Bionomics. A single colony was found inside a shoot of Saraca dives Pierre (Leguminosae) (Eguchi &amp; Bui, 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BE10BD1508F09712F454F0DDC295F19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
E0BA3ADD3065F0FA0E1149D22AEE9764.text	E0BA3ADD3065F0FA0E1149D22AEE9764.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetraponera (Tetraponera) F. Smith	<div><p>Tetraponera F. Smith 1852</p><p>Taxonomy. The genus Tetraponera was recently revised by Ward (2001). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.</p><p>Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular, with round posterolateral corner; frontal lobe weakly developed, not expanding over torulus; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median part of clypeus short anteroposteriorly, steep or vertical; posteromedian portion of clypeus not extended backwards between frontal lobes; mandible narrow, with 3-5 teeth on masticatory margin and 0-2 denticles on basal margin; antenna 12- segmented, not forming club or gradually incrassate; eye very large, located at or a little behind midlength of sides of head; mesosoma elongated; promesonotal suture always present and flexible; metathoracic spiracle sometimes present; metanotal groove deeply impressed dorsally (but rarely present as a weak transverse furrow); propodeum unarmed; propodeal spiracle situated high on side and far forward; pretarsal claws each with a preapical tooth on inner margin; petiole, postpetiole and first gastral segment not fused laterally; postpetiole developed, in dorsal view broadly attached to first gastral segment; sting present, usually well developed.</p><p>Vietnamese species. Seven species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: attenuata F. Smith <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37312" title="Lookup 'attenuata F. Smith' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-1] (Nam Cat Tien, Nui Chua, Pu Mat, Tay Yen Tu, Van Ban); microcarpa Wu &amp; Wang <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37351" title="Lookup 'microcarpa Wu &amp; Wang' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> [= sp. eg-7] (Tay Yen Tu); modesta <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37354" title="Lookup 'modesta' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (F. Smith) [= sp. eg-4] (Tay Yen Tu); nitida <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37362" title="Lookup 'nitida' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (F. Smith) [= sp. eg-5] (Nui Chua, Pu Mat); pilosa <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37371" title="Lookup 'pilosa' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (F. Smith) [= sp. eg-6] (Nam Cat Tien); rufonigra <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37379" title="Lookup 'rufonigra' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Jerdon) [= sp. eg-2] (Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-3 [cf. allaborans <span><sup><a href="https://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/nomenclator.lsid_entry?lsid=urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37304" title="Lookup 'allaborans' at Hymenoptera Name Server">HNS</a></sup></span> (Walker)] (Nam Cat Tien, Nui Chua, Pu Mat, Van Ban).</p><p>Bionomics. Vietnamese Tetraponera species are arboreal and nest in living and dead branches of standing trees. We often encountered colonies nesting in or moving from newly fallen branches.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0BA3ADD3065F0FA0E1149D22AEE9764	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Eguchi, K.;Viet, B. T.;Yamane, S.	Eguchi, K., Viet, B. T., Yamane, S. (2011): Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23462/23462.pdf
