taxonID	type	description	language	source
251BFC7EFFDDFFDA5182FD2EFF5B2AB1.taxon	materials_examined	Material: ALBANIA: Berat County, Tomor Mountains, upper valley of the Vodicë Stream, karst spring in a beech forest, N 40 ° 42.897 ’ E 20 ° 06.763 ’, 900 m, 26.05.2004, leg. KB, KH, DM, KO: 1 Ψ; Tepelenë County, Kendrevicë Mountains, spring section of the Bencë River under Kresha Pass, N 40 ° 16.561 ’ E 19 ° 54.078 ’, 884 m, 0 3.05.2005, leg. ZB, GK, DP: 8 ♂ 7 Ψ, 5 larvae, 1 exuviae.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFDDFFDA5182FD2EFF5B2AB1.taxon	description	Description of the mature larva: Body length 10.5 – 11.0 mm. General colour light brown with dark pattern (Fig 1). Pilosity short, long swimming hairs present on tibiae and femora, these absent on tarsi. Head with a dark line in front of anterior ocellus, two dark patches anteriorly to the lateral ocelli, occiput with small dark spots. Labrum with dark anterolateral margin; antennae pale, anterior margins of scapes darker than flagellum. Antennal segments 25 – 30, each as long as wide. Pronotum with dark spots forming a more or less C – shaped pattern on both sides. Meso – and metanotum with cloudy pattern medially extending to wing pad bases, wing pads strongly divergent from body axis. Legs light brown, with an indistinct brown stripe on the femora; tarsi darker. Abdominal segments with lateral and anterior margins darker, two dark, intermittent stripes arising medially from the anterior margin. Transverse row of spots were indistinct. Posterior margin of tergites I – IX with a row of short, stout bristles. Cerci light brown, with a dorsal row of short swimming hairs on proximal third of the segments. Ventral surface is off white, except the terminalia which are dark brown. Male subgenital plate slightly elongate, one and half longer than wide, oval, widest in posterior third, and rounded anteriorly (Fig 2). Posterior half of the plate covered with thin hairs. Base of the paraprocts wide, apical projections gently curved laterally, tips sharp. Epiproct projecting dorsally, triangular, and more or less pointed. Female subgenital plate poorly developed, gonopore a shallow indentation. Postgenital plate oval, dimensions shorter than male, widest in the middle, covering two thirds of the segment’s width, rounded posteriorly (Fig 3). Posterior half of the plate covered with thin hairs. Paraprocts and epiproct simple. Affinities: The terminalia of the larva is very similar to that of B. graeca as it was described and illustrated by Kaćanski (1971 b): male subgenital plate rounded, apical projections of paraprocts gently curved laterally; female postgenital plate oval, widest in the middle. The male larva is distinguished by its more elongate subgenital plate, while the female has a more rounded posterior half of the postgenital plate. Moreover, the larva of B. phtiotica is characterized by its paler habitus, by the short and gently curved apical projection of the male paraproct, and by the shape of the male subgenital plate and female postgenital plate.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFDDFFDA5182FD2EFF5B2AB1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Previously known only from Greece (Fig 97). This represents a new Albanian record, both localities being karst – crenal habitats. FIGURES — 1 – 3. Larva of Brachyptera phthiotica Berthélemy — 1: habitus; 2: terminalia of male larvae, ventral view; 3:	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFDBFFDF5182FF03FEDA29C4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male: ALBANIA, Tropoja County, Valbonë River at the confluence of Shijë Stream, 11 km S of Bajram Curri, N 42 ° 17.927 ’ E 20 ° 01.731 ’, 220 m, 0 7.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM (HNHM: PLP 1926). Allotype female: Same locality and date (HNHM: PLP 1927). Paratypes: Same locality and date: 17 ♂ 3 Ψ (HNHM: PLP 1928), 2 ♂ 2 Ψ (CPZ), 2 ♂ 2 Ψ (CGV). Other material: ALBANIA: Tropoja County, Prokletije Mountains, Rrogam, spring system of Valbonë River, N 42 ° 24.620 ’ E 19 ° 49.366 ’, 1457 m, 0 6.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 7 ♂ 25 Ψ – MONTENEGRO: Mokra Gora, Ibar River 1 km SW of Špiljani, N 42 ° 54.410 ’ E 20 ° 20.062 ’, 829 m, 12.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 1 ♂; Rugovo Mountains, Velika, forest stream under the Č akor Pass, N 42 ° 41.302 ’ E 19 ° 57.906 ’, 1235 m, 0 5.10.2005, leg, TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 1 Ψ – BULGARIA: Sofia District, Rila Mountains, Borovec, upper reaches of Suha Marica Stream, N 42 ° 09 ’ E 23 ° 37 ’, 2300 m, 0 8.09.2005, leg. MF, JK, DM, TSz: 3 ♂ 13 Ψ; Sofia District, Rila Mountains, Borovec, spring section of Prava Marica Stream, N 42 ° 09 ’ 38.8 ” E 23 ° 37 ’ 16.2 ”, 2518 m, 0 8.09.2005, leg. MF, JK, DM, TSz: 2 ♂ 8 Ψ; Sofia District, Rila Mountains, Borovec, Prava Marica Stream at Zavračica mountain hut, N 42 ° 10 ’ 04.4 ” E 23 ° 38 ’ 29.0 ”, 2189 m, 0 8.09.2005, leg. MF, JK, DM, TSz: 1 ♂ 1 Ψ; Blagoevgrad District, Rila Mountains, Jakoruda, sidetorrent of Grănčarica Stream at D _ anka Pass, N 42 ° 07 ’ 57.4 ” E 23 ° 35 ’ 51.4 ”, 2287 m, 0 7.09.2005, leg. MF, JK, DM, TSz: 1 ♂ 2 Ψ; Kjustendil District, Rila Mountains, Pastra, Rila River in the Tiha Rila area, N 42 ° 07 ’ 59.8 ” E 23 ° 28 ’ 52.3 ”, 2019 m, 0 6.09.2005, leg. MF, JK, DM, TSz: 1 ♂.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFDBFFDF5182FF03FEDA29C4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male: processes on tergite VI separated by a rounded hollow, its width less than two times process width. Antecosta VII divided, posterior processes on tergite VII bearing lateral lobes. Tergite VIII with posteromedial sclerotized arch. Posteromedial sclerite of tergite IX subtrapezoidal. Vesicle on sternite IX absent, paraprocts much shorter than specilla. Female: lobes of the subgenital plate divergent, darker than the rest of the lobes. Lobes separated by a convex notch wider than one lobe.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFDBFFDF5182FF03FEDA29C4.taxon	description	Description: Medium sized species, macropterous in both sexes. Body length: ♂ holotype 7.5 mm, other males 6.5 – 8.0 mm, Ψ allotype 8.5 mm, other females 7.0 – 8.5 mm; forewing length: ♂ holotype 7.5 mm, other males 7.0 – 8.0 mm, Ψ allotype 9.0 mm, other females 8.5 – 9.5 mm. General colour brown. Head, antennae, palpi and pronotum brown. Pronotum longer than wide and with dark, granulated ornamentation. Legs light brown, tarsal segments darker. Wings hyaline, venation brown. Body covered with short pilosity. Male abdomen: Antecosta of terga I – II and VII – IX divided by membranous area. Tergite I medially and postero – medially membranous, tergite II antero – medially and medially membranous, terga III – IV entirely sclerotized, tergite V posteriorly membranous. Terga VI – X modified, and terga VI – VIII with processes (Figs 4 – 5). Indistinct transverse row of four pigmented spots on terga II – V. Tergite VI with anterior third sclerotized, carrying two rounded processes, separated by less than two times their width. Processes slightly down – curved in lateral view. Median membranous area bell – shaped, sides sinuous and well delimited. Antecosta VII divided for about one third of the segment’s width; median ends of antecosta acute. Central area of tergite VII membranous. Two long, finger – like processes arising posteriorly, curved inwards, their well sclerotized tips bearing lateral lobes. Processes pointing dorsally in lateral view, and bearing long hairs. Antecosta VIII similar to VII. Tergite VIII membranous medially, with lateral sclerotized areas forming a narrow, median, sclerotized arch; arch and posterior part of tergite bearing long hairs. Tergite IX mostly membranous, antecosta divided for one half segment’s width, bearing blunt ends anteriorly. Posteromedial sclerite wide, subtrapezoidal, its anterior margin depressed. Anterior margin of Tergite X bilobed anteriorly, posterior margin with deep and wide, triangular notch. Epiproct large, rounded, with long stalk. Cerci partly sclerotized, covered with long setae. Paraprocts with wide rectangular base tapering to a short, straight and sharp tip, two – thirds to three – fourths length of specilla. Medial edge of paraproct undulate; base connected to a small lateral expansion. Specilla twice length of paraproct base; thin, slightly curved and ending in a rounded tip (Fig 7). Sternite IX with a well delimited light area; vesicle absent (Fig 6). Female terminalia: Terga I – VIII membranous, terga I – IX with transverse row of four pigmented spots. Tergite IX sclerotized medially and posteriorly, tergite X completely sclerotized. Sterna I – VII simple with subrectangular median sclerite and two small anterior sclerites. Sternite VII median sclerite with pale posterior margin. Subgenital plate with two wide, short lobes, separated by a notch wider than one lobe (Figs 10 – 11). The notch is shallow and convex, with divergent sides. Lobes rounded, their sides distinctly divergent. Lobes darker than the rest of the subgenital plate and separated by a dark, sinuous line; lobes bear long hairs. Pigmentation of sternite IX with a linear anterior line and two small lateral unpigmented nooks. Paraprocts and cerci normal. Spermathecal sclerite slender, V – shaped with a broad, delicate ring. Teeth long, linear in side view. Larva: Unknown. Affinities: This is a member of the fusca group. The male of L. mortoni mortoni Kempny has longer paraproct tips (Fig 8) and lacks the heavy lateral lobes on the processes of tergite VII (Fig 9), while L. mortoni feheri ssp. n. has shorter paraproct tips and lateral lobes. The new subspecies also shows affinities with Aegean insular species, especially L. candiae Zwick and L. rhodoica Pardo & Zwick. The male may be differentiated from L. candiae by the undivided posteromedial sclerite of tergite IX and the wider posterior notch on tergite X, from L. rhodoica by the longer processes of tergite VII and the short paraproct. The female is rather similar to L. mortoni mortoni Kempny, differing with more divergent subgenital plate lobes which are darker than the rest of the plate. The female may be differentiated from the Aegean insular species by the wide, convex notch of the subgenital plate. Ecology and distribution: Valbonë River is a small river at the type locality, with fast flow and depth variable from 0.5 to 10 meters (Fig 108). Besides the type locality, we found it in very different types of running waters, even in cold karst springs of higher elevations. The nominate L. mortoni mortoni Kempny is reported in the Balkans from Bosnia – Herzegovina, Macedonia and Bulgaria (Fig 99). Some of the data probably refer to L. mortoni feheri ssp. n.; additional collectings and the re – examination of the Balkanian specimens will be needed to improve our understanding of the distribution of the subspecies.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFDBFFDF5182FF03FEDA29C4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This subspecies is dedicated to Dr. Zoltán Fehér, Collection of Mollusca, Department of Zoology, HNHM, who organized many zoological expeditions to Albania. Used as the genitive of a noun of male gender.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD9FFD35182FB16FDDA2F34.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male: ALBANIA, Tropoja County, Prokletije Mountains, Rrogam, spring system of the Valbonë River, N 42 ° 24.620 ’ E 19 ° 49.366 ’, 1457 m, 0 6.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM (HNHM: PLP 1929). Allotype female: Same locality and date (HNHM: PLP 1930). Paratypes: Same locality and date: 37 ♂ 2 Ψ, 1 larva, 2 exuviae (HNHM: PLP 1931, 1 exuviae partly prepared for SEM), 3 ♂ 3 Ψ, 1 larva (CPZ), 3 ♂ 3 Ψ, 1 larva (CGV). Other material: ALBANIA: Malësia County, Madhë Mountains, Vermosh River E of Vermosh, N 42 ° 34.999 ’ E 19 ° 44.241 ’, 1011 m, 0 4.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 1 ♂; Malësia County, Madhë Mountains, karst cave spring close to Cem River, 2 km S of Gropa e Sëlces, N 42 ° 31.937 ’ E 19 ° 39.052 ’, 900 m, 0 4.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 1 ♂, 12 larvae, 1 exuviae; Tropoja County, Shijë Stream at its confluence with Valbonë River, 11 km S of Bajram Curri, N 42 ° 17.927 ’ E 20 ° 01.731 ’, 220 m, 0 7.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 1 ♂.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD9FFD35182FB16FDDA2F34.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male: bell – shaped membranous area on tergite VII reaching the well sclerotized antecosta. Tergite VIII antecosta with a shallow indentation in its median quarter, above the slightly raised, bifurcate posteromedial process. Tergite X with a wide notch on the posterior margin. Base of styles connected to a subrectangular lateral expansion with an apical, undulate process. Sternite IX has a vestigial vesicle. Female: subgenital plate has wide and large lobes, their posterior margins being sinuous, outer sides of the lobes not pigmented.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD9FFD35182FB16FDDA2F34.taxon	description	Description: Small sized species, brachypterous or macropterous. Body length: ♂ holotype 6.0 mm, other males 5.0 – 7.5 mm, Ψ allotype 8.5 mm, other females 7.5 – 8.5 mm; forewing length: ♂ holotype 3.5 mm, other males 3.5 – 7.0 mm, Ψ allotype 4.5 mm, other females 4.5 – 5.0 mm. General colour brown. Head, antennae, palpi and pronotum brown. Pronotum as long as wide and with dark, granulated ornamentation; darker patches also visible on the head. Legs light brown, tarsal segments darker. Wings hyaline, venation brown. Body covered with short pilosity. Male abdomen: Antecosta of terga II and IX divided. Tergite I medially and posteriorly membranous, tergite II anteriorly membranous, terga III – VI entirely sclerotized. Terga VII – X modified and tergite VIII with bifurcate, V – shaped process posteriorly (Figs 12 – 13). Transverse row of four pigmented spots on terga II – VII. Tergite VII with well sclerotized antecosta, its median third forming a thin ridge; bell – shaped membranous area well delimited in its anterior half, sides sinuous. Tergite VIII: antecosta with a shallow indentation with acute edges on its median quarter; part of the tergite between the indentation and the posteromedial process lighter than the rest of the tergite. Posteromedial process dark brown, not erect in side view, its width is about one fifth of the segment’s width, its length is half the segment’s length. The two teeth of the posteromedial process are longer than wide and separated by a space as wide as the width of one of them. Posterior margin between the posteromedial process and the segment sides straight. Tergite IX mostly membranous, antecosta divided for about half the segment’s width, with sharp ends. Posteromedial sclerite wide, its posterior end concave, anterior end with a median hollow and two projections at its sides, lateral margins convergent. Anterior margin of tergite X bilobed anteriorly, posterior margin with wide, deep triangular notch. Epiproct large, rounded, sclerotized only at its sides, stalk very short. Cerci normal, covered with long setae. Paraprocts with their base undulate and not sharply separated from the apex which is gently curved in lateral view and ending in a thin, sharp tip. Base of paraprocts connected to a subrectangular lateral expansion with an apical, undulate process. Specilla a bit longer than the paraprocts, gently curved in lateral view and ending in a rounded tip (Fig 15). Sternite IX: vesicle vestigial, but present; the sternite has a well delimited light area medially, beginning at the base of the vesicle and reaching the posterior margin at its two conspicuous indentations (Fig 14). Female terminalia: Terga I – VII membranous, terga I – VIII with transverse row of four pigmented spots. Tergite VIII medially sclerotized, tergite IX more widely sclerotized, tergite X completely sclerotized. Sterna I – VII simple, sterna II – VII with one subrectangular median sclerite and two small anterior sclerites that are fused with the median sclerite on sternite VII. Subgenital plate with two wide, large lobes, separated by a lightly pigmented notch that narrows posteriorly (Figs 16 – 17). At the base of the lobes, the median bulge is small and narrow, erect in side view. Lobes are darker than the rest of the subgenital plate, but their outer sides are not pigmented. Posterior margin of the lobes sinuous. Pigmentation of sternite IX with a wide anterior indentation. Paraprocts and cerci normal. Spermathecal sclerite rather thin, ring – shaped, anterior teeth vestigial and posterior ones long and parallel. Mature Larva: Relatively stout, body length 6.0 – 7.5 mm. General colour brown to dark brown with greenish tinge. Pilosity distinct, with stout hairs. Body surface covered with angular scales, these scales bear apical spikes on the abdominal segments. Legs typical for the genus, brown, tibiae as long or a bit longer than the femora. Head stout. Pronotum wider than long, narrowing towards the posterior margin, corners rounded. Wing pads short, the first pair reaches the posterior margin of the metathorax. Abdomen stout, cerci short, with less than 13 segments. Cercal segments slightly clubbed in their apical part, the middle ones (segments 7 – 8) are four times as long as wide. Pilosity: Head with scarce, stout hairs and a few short bristles behind the eyes. Antennal segments with short pilosity. Pronotum with dense, stout hairs like the head, but with many sensilla (Fig 18). Margin of the pronotum with scarce bristles, the longest reach one sixth of the pronotum’s width. Legs with similar stout hairs but mixed with a few strong bristles and sensilla. Length of the bristles variable, the longest reach half the femur width (Figs 19 – 20). Bald median line conspicuous on the dorsal surface of all femora. Tergal segments with dense, thick pilosity, many sensilla and a row of bristles as long as one third of the segment width (Fig 21). Cercal segments bald except the apical whorl of bristles, but covered with sensilla (Figs 22 – 23). The apical whorl is a set of 6 – 7 erect bristles mixed with short, thin hairs, none of which form rows. Longest bristles occur on medial segments and are as long as two thirds of the segment to which they are attached. Affinities: This is a member of the hippopus group, prima subgroup. The male differs from L. jahorinensis (Kaćanski) by its bell – shaped membranous area on tergite VII reaching the well sclerotized antecosta, by a wider median sclerite on tergite IX, by a much wider notch on the posterior margin of tergite X, and by the shape of the subrectangular lateral expansion of paraprocts. The male also shows affinities with L. carpathica Kis and L. signifera Kempny, but it differs from both by having a strongly developed base of the paraprocts and a shallow indentation on the antecosta of tergite VIII. In addition, Leuctra carpathica has a posteromedial sclerite with different shape on tergite IX, and L. signifera lacks the bell – shaped membranous area on tergite VII. The female differs from L. jahorinensis by the lobes of the subgenital plate being wider and their posterior margin more sinuous. It also shows affinity with L. carpathica, but sternite IX lacks a deep median notch. Additionally, it is similar to L. pseudosignifera Aubert; however, this species has lobes with outer sides unpigmented. The larva is similar to the others of the prima group (or the prima – hippopus – inermis group, defined by Zwick (2004) as OTU). Ecology and distribution: The species was found in strong karst springs of the Prokletije Mountains (Fig 107). The two single males caught at Vermosh River and Shijë Stream probably also originated from nearby karst springs. Just like L. jahorinensis, it seems to be a cold stenothermal species with a late autumnal flight period. On 6 October, teneral adults and mature larvae were collected at both the type locality and at Gropa e Sëlces. A July visit to the latter locality yielded only early instar Leuctra larvae. Additional collections in Montenegro are needed to improve our understanding of the distribution of the new species and the closely related L. jahorinensis, which is currently known only from Bosnia – Herzegovina (Fig 98). This species was not found during autumnal collections in karst springs of other mountain systems of north and northeastern Albania.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD9FFD35182FB16FDDA2F34.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name malcor means highlander in Albanian, and refers to the name of the Albanian tribes inhabiting the Prokletije Mountains. The new species also seems to be restricted to these mountains. Used as a noun, gender masculine.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD5FFD35182FD5CFA832ABA.taxon	description	Leuctra metsovonica Aubert – Zwick 1978: 219. (Greece, Macedonia)	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD5FFD35182FD5CFA832ABA.taxon	materials_examined	Material: ALBANIA: Dibrë County, Korab Mountains, 1918, leg. Ernő Csiki: 3 ♂ 2 Ψ (W. Joost det. as L. handlirschi Kempny); Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, stream along the conjunction to Pejë Pass from the Bogë – Okol road, N 42 ° 24.496 ’ E 19 ° 45.271 ’, 1009 m, 30.05.2005, leg. KB – ZB – DM – DP: 2 ♂ 12 Ψ; Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, karst spring N of Okol towards the Pejë Pass, N 42 ° 25.664 ’ E 19 ° 45.704 ’, 990 m, 30.05.2005, leg. KB – ZB – DM – DP: 3 Ψ; Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, karst spring system N of Okol, N 42 ° 25.347 ’ E 19 ° 45.680 ’, 883 m, 0 1.06.2005, leg. KB – ZB – DM – DP: 2 ♂ 3 Ψ, 2 ♂ 2 Ψ (CGV); Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, stream along the path from Okol to Valbonë Pass, N 42 ° 24.255 ’ E 19 ° 46.483 ’, 895 m, 0 1.06.2005, leg. KB – ZB – DM – DP: 1 ♂ larva (partly prepared for SEM); Shkodër county, Prokletije Mountains, Okol, stream below Valbonë Pass, N 42 ° 24.385 ’ E 19 ° 47.917 ’, 1432 m, 0 1.06.2005, leg. KB – ZB – DM – DP: 1 Ψ.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD5FFD35182FD5CFA832ABA.taxon	description	The male differs from the typical ones by a deeper notch in the posterior margin of tergite X. Tergite VII mostly membranous, antecosta VII strongly sclerotized and interrupted for more than a third of the segment width. Tergite IX median sclerite without any antero – medial projection, base of paraprocts more slender (Figs 24 – 26). The female differs in the bigger median bulge which is situated more medially on the subgenital plate, and the notch between the lobes is wider than on the drawings of the types (Figs 27 – 28). The larva is similar to other members of the inermis group and not described herein, despite that it being previously unknown.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD3FFD55182FC2EFD47282A.taxon	description	The group has a Carpathian distribution. Nemoura fusca occurs all over the Carpathians, N. ovoidalis is known from the Eastern Carpathians and the Transsylvanian Mountains, and N. monticola and N. babiagorensis are known from the Northern Carpathians.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD3FFD55182FA4BFB642BA1.taxon	description	The group has a southwest Balkan distribution. N. peristeri occurs in western Macedonia and N. anas in northern and central Albania, northern Macedonia and southern Montenegro (Fig 100).	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD3FFC95182F8BCFA9528D4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male: ALBANIA, Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, karst spring and its outlet along the road from Terthorë Pass to Okol, N 42 ° 23.168 ’ E 19 ° 44.876 ’, 1622 m, 29.05.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP (HNHM: PLP 1932). Allotype female: ALBANIA, Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, side torrent of Sheu River below Rioli, N 42 ° 12.267 ’ E 19 ° 34.079 ’, 270 m, 16.04.2006, leg. ZE, ZF, AH, DM (HNHM: PLP 2275). Paratypes: same locality and date like holotype: 1 ♂, 3 larvae, 1 exuviae (HNHM: PLP 1933, male epiproct prepared on slide, exuviae partly prepared for SEM), 1 ♂ (CPZ); same locality and date like allotype: 2 Ψ (HNHM: PLP 2251), 1 Ψ, 1 larva (CPZ), 1 ♂ 1 Ψ (CGV).	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD3FFC95182F8BCFA9528D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male: Apical sclerite of the epiproct spike – like, the ring of the ventral sclerite bears two lobes ending in lateral horns; the lateral arms are relatively large. Cerci strongly curved, their apex bears a sharp dorsal and a rounded ventral hooks. Larva: body slender, setation scarce. Posterior row of setae on tergal segments erect, uniformly long.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD3FFC95182F8BCFA9528D4.taxon	description	Description: Small species, macropterous in both sexes. Body length: ♂ holotype 5.5 mm, paratypes 5.5 – 6.0 mm, Ψ allotype 6.5 mm, other paratypes 6.0 – 7.0 mm; forewing length: ♂ holotype 7.0 mm, paratypes 7.0 – 7.5 mm, Ψ allotype 7.5 mm, paratypes 7.0 – 8.5 mm. Head brown, postclypeus, sides of occiput and frons around scapes black. Scapes yellowish brown, rest of the antenna black, palpi yellowish. Pronotum brown, subtrapezoidal, anterior edges angled. Femora yellow, tibia obscured, tarsal segments dark brown. Wings clear, venation dark brown. Abdomen uniformly off white except for terminal segments, which are dark brown. Male terminalia: Hypoproct as long as wide, vesicle about twice as long as wide. Paraproct outer lobe triangular with its inner margin nearly straight and outer margin slightly undulate (Figs 29 – 31). Cerci membranous medially, sclerotized on its outer side including most of the apex. Cerci strongly curved, its apex curled outwards; base slightly bulbous. Membranous part around the vestigial segment placed close to the outer margin of the apex (Fig 34). The apex bears two hooks, the dorsal one sharp and the ventral one rounded. Tergite X with a light strip medially. Epiproct widest in its apical half; its ventral sclerite with parallel ridges bearing 10 – 11 spines ventrally. Arms of the ventral sclerite dorsally forming a wide, strong ring, which extends into straight, spike – like apical sclerites. Length of the apical sclerites is one third of the arms length. Besides these apical sclerites, the apical part of the ring bears two distinct lobes ending in lateral horns. Sclerotized parts of the lateral arms distinct, relatively large (Figs 32 – 33). Female terminalia: Pregenital plate covering most of length and over half the width of sternite VII, overhanging most of length of sternite VIII. Posterior edge of plate rectilinear, sides sinuous. Most of the plate brown, with dark brown patches posterolaterally. Sternite VIII laterally brown (Figs 35). Vaginal complex with simple receptaculum seminis (Fig 36). Cerci and paraprocts typical for the genus. Mature Larva: Slender, body length 5.5 – 6.0 mm. General colour pale brown. Pilosity sparse but distinct. Scales present only in the dorsal midline of the femora. Legs slender, tibiae as long as femora; hind femora three times as long as wide. Head stout, with cloudy, indistinct pattern. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, corners rounded, narrowing towards the posterior margin; its length two thirds of its maximum width. Wing pads of length typical for the genus, abdomen slender, cerci with more than 15 segments. Beyond the basal segments, cercal segments become slightly clubbed apically, segments 13 – 15 are more than five times as long as wide. FIGURES 37 – 42. Larva of Nemoura asceta sp. n. — 37: marginal setae of pronotum; 38: bristles and spikes of the femora; 39: fore tarsus; 40: bristles on tergite V; 41: cercus, basal segments; 42: cercus, 15 th segment — scale 0.1 mm Pilosity: Head with dense, stout bristles and a few thin hairs. Antennal segments with short pilosity. Pronotum with stout bristles and thin hairs. Margin of the pronotum with bristles of variable length, some short ones are club – shaped, the longest ones are acute and reach one tenth of the pronotum’s width (Fig 37). The bristles on the anterior corners of mesonotum and metanotum are not longer than the marginal bristles of pronotum. The setae placed in lines on wing pads are acute and short. Legs with scarce but distinct pilosity. All femora bear short, acute bristles, thin hairs and long, stout bristles. Long bristles occur on the apical half of femora, but not in a regular arrangement; the longest ones reach half the femur width on all legs. Bald median line is conspicuous on the dorsal surface of all femora, covered with large, rounded scales. Apical row of short bristles present on all femora (Figs 38). Tarsi stout, covered with thin hairs, apical spike of tibiae short (Fig 39). Tergal segments with scarce, short bristles; distal row of bristles more or less uniform, erect, the bristles are slightly curved and about as long as the segment’s length (Fig 40). Distal margin covered with tiny triangular spikes around the row of bristles. Cercal segments with a very few, inconspicuous hairs besides the apical whorl of bristles (Figs 41 – 42). The apical whorl is a set of 17 – 20 bristles mixed with short hairs. Longest bristles reach the fourth of the segment’s length on segments 13 – 15. Affinities: This is a member of the brevipennis group. Regarding both the epiproct and cerci, it is closely related to N. taurica Zhiltzova, N. aetolica Zwick and N. brevipennis Martynov, but it differs from them in the hooks of the cercal apex (dorsally sharp, ventrally rounded), and in the relatively large lateral arms of the epiproct. The epiproct also resembles that of N. uncinata Despax, but the cerci are rather different both in the curvature and the cercal hooks. The female cannot be distinguished with certainty from others in the group. The larva is similar to the larvae of the marginata group, but it differs with slender body, scarcer setation and erect, uniformly long marginal row of setae on tergal segments. The larvae of the brevipennis group members are not known except this species. Ecology and distribution: The species was only found at two small karst torrents in the Prokletije Mountains. One of them is an outlet of a karst spring above 1600 m (Fig 106), the other one is a temporary side torrent in the deep valley of the Sheu River at 270 m. We found the animals after the melting of snow, at the elevation 1600 m at the end of May and at 270 m at the end of April. The insect is apparently rare as we found only a few specimens at both localities, and, despite efforts in similar habitat in the region, no other populations were found.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFD3FFC95182F8BCFA9528D4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name asceta means ascetic in Latin. The species is dedicated to Zoltán Barina, Herbarium Carpato – Pannonicum, Department of Botany, HNHM, who hurt his leg at the type locality on the first day of our tour to the Prokletije Mountains, and followed out this rather ascetic tour with a notable wound on his shin. The name also refers to the unfriendly habitat of the species. Used as a noun, gender masculine.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFCFFFCD5182FA06FD40299C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male: ALBANIA, Tropoja County, Prokletije Mountains, Rrogam, spring system of the Valbonë River, N 42 ° 24.620 ’ E 19 ° 49.366 ’, 1457 m, 0 2.06.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP (HNHM: PLP 1934). Allotype female: same locality and date (HNHM: PLP 1935). Paratypes: same locality and date: 9 ♂ 10 Ψ, 5 larvae, 3 exuviae (HNHM: PLP 1936, 2 male epiprocts prepared on slide, 1 larva and 1 exuviae partly prepared for SEM), 1 ♂ 1 Ψ, 1 larva (CPZ), 1 ♂ 1 Ψ, 1 larva (CGV). Other material: ALBANIA: Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, stream along the conjunction to Pejë Pass from the Bogë – Okol road, N 42 ° 24.496 ’ E 19 ° 45.271 ’, 1009 m, 30.05.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP: 1 ♂ 1 Ψ; Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, Okol, stream below Valbonë Pass, N 42 ° 24.385 ’ E 19 ° 47.917 ’, 1432 m, 0 1.06.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP: 1 ♂ 1 Ψ; Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, beech forest along the path from Okol to Valbonë Pass, N 42 ° 24.374 ’ E 19 ° 48.461 ’, 1070 m, 0 3.06.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP: 1 ♂.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFCFFFCD5182FA06FD40299C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male: Apical sclerite of the epiproct horn – like, curved backwards and inwards, lateral arms large. Cerci with prominent vestigial segment, the apex bearing a strong hook curved downwards and outwards.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFCFFFCD5182FA06FD40299C.taxon	description	Description: Medium sized species, macropterous in both sexes. Body length: ♂ holotype 6.5 mm, other males 6.0 – 6.5 mm, Ψ allotype 9.0 mm, other females 7.5 – 9.0 mm; forewing length: ♂ holotype 7.5 mm, other males 7.0 – 8.0 mm, Ψ allotype 10.0 mm, other females 9.0 – 10.5 mm. Head dark brown with a light spot between the lateral ocelli. Scapes yellow, rest of the antenna brown, palpi yellowish. Pronotum dark brown, subrectangular, with rounded corners. Femora and tibia yellow, tarsal segments darkened. Wings hyaline, venation dark brown. Abdomen off white except for terminal segments, which are dark brown. Male terminalia: Hypoproct longer than wide, pentagonal, with apical tip narrowly separated from the rest of the plate. Vesicle oval, nearly twice as long as wide. Paraproct inner margin of the outer lobe slightly convex with a prominence in the middle, outer margin curved. Tip of the outer lobe triangular, blunt (Fig 43 – 45). Cercus sclerotized laterally, membranous in its inner side and to the vestigial second segment; straight in lateral view, slightly bent inwards in ventral and dorsal views. Base slightly wider than the rest of the cercus. Vestigial second segment prominent, sclerotization forming a ring around the cercal tip, apical hook strong, curved ventrolaterally (Fig 46). Tergite X with a medial light spot under the tip of the epiproct. Epiproct stout and short, sub – trapezoidal. Ventral sclerite with parallel ridges bearing 9 – 10 spines ventrally. Arms of the ventral sclerite dorsally forming a strong, heart – shaped ring. Apical sclerites are strong, horn – like, curved anteromedially. These sclerites have three spines on their lateral surface, and two thin sclerotized extensions on their inner subapical part; the extensions nearly joining themselves medially. Sclerotized parts of the lateral arms large and dark. Ventrally, the lateral sclerites are strong and triangular (Fig 47). Female terminalia: Pregenital plate covering two thirds length and over half the width of sternite VII, overhanging the anterior third of sternite VIII. Posterior edge of plate truncate, with convergent sides. Most of the plate dark brown, anterior part lighter. Posterior margin of sternite VIII with brown patches laterally (Fig 48). Vaginal complex with simple receptaculum seminis (Fig 49). Cerci and paraprocts typical for the genus. Mature Larva: Relatively robust, body length 6.0 – 8.5 mm. General colour brown. Pilosity distinct. Scales present only in the dorsal midline of the femora and on tarsi. Legs typical for the genus, tibiae as long or slightly longer than femora; hind femora short, two times as long as wide. Head stout, with mottled pattern and a transverse dark band between the lateral ocelli. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, corners rounded, slightly narrowing towards the posterior margin; its length two thirds of its maximum width. Wing pads of length typical for the genus, abdomen relatively stout, last four segments are paler. Cerci long, with more than 20 segments. Cercal segments clubbed, segments 13 – 15 are three times longer than wide. FIGURES 50 – 55. Larva of Nemoura vinconi sp. n. — 50: marginal setae of pronotum; 51: hind femur; 52: bristles and spikes of the femora; 53: marginal setae of mesonotum; 54: tergites IV – V; 55: cercus, 15 th segment — scale 0.1 mm Pilosity: Head with dense, stout bristles and a few thin hairs; bristles are clubbed before the occipital line. Antennal segments with short pilosity. Pronotum with scarce short, stout bristles and thin hairs. Margin of the pronotum with blunt bristles, the longest ones not reaching one tenth of the pronotum’s width (Fig 50). The bristles on the anterior corners of the mesonotum and metanotum are longer than the marginal bristles of pronotum (Fig 53). The setae placed in lines on the wing pads are short, mixed with thin hairs. Legs with dense pilosity. All femora bear short, acute bristles, thin hairs and long, stout bristles. Long bristles occur on the apical half of the fore and mid femora, and on the apical two thirds of the hind femora. Bristles not in a regular arrangement; the longest ones reach about half the femur width on all legs. Bald median line conspicuous on the dorsal surface of all femora, covered with rounded scales. Apical row of short bristles present on all femora (Figs 51 – 52). Tarsi relatively stout, covered with thin hairs, metatarsi with triangular scales on the dorsal surface; apical spike of tibiae short. Tergal segments with scarce, short bristles and dense, thin hairs; the last tergites are nearly bald. Distal row of bristles with bristles variable in length, acute and curved; the longest ones on tergite V reach the three fourths of the segment’s length (Fig 54). Distal margin covered with tiny triangular spikes around the row of bristles. Cercal segments with a few hairs besides the apical whorl of bristles. The apical whorl is a set of 16 – 18 short, clubbed bristles and 6 – 8 long, acute bristles mixed with thin hairs. Longest bristles reach less than two thirds of the segment’s length on segments 13 – 15 (Fig 55). Affinities: This is a member of the marginata group and is close to N. zwicki Sivec and N. hesperiae Consiglio. The male differs from N. zwicki in the apex of the cerci, as the vestigial segment is stronger and the apical hook is curved downwards in the new species; the apical hook is erect in N. zwicki. It differs from N. hesperiae also in the apical hook of the cerci, which is small and straight in N. hesperiae. The epiproct of N. obtusa Ris is similar to that of the new species, but both paraprocts and cerci differ distinctly. The paraproct inner margin of the outer lobe is slightly convex with a prominence in the middle, while the outer margin is curved in the new species. The inner margin has a very small prominence and outer margin sinuous in N. obtusa. The cerci of the latter is curved in lateral view, but straight in the new species. The female and larva cannot be distinguished with certainty from others in the group. Ecology and distribution: The species was found in karst springs and streams of the Prokletije Mountains between 1000 and 1450 m (Fig 107). All the habitats are characterised by cold water and fast flow. Since the specimens were found between the 30 May and the 3 June in common with matured larvae, it seems to be a late spring and early summer species. Late spring collections were conducted only in the Prokletije Mountains, additional effort in northeastern Albania are needed to determine if this species can be found towards the Šar Planina (border of Kosovo and Macedonia), where the closely related and probably endemic, N. zwicki occurs (Fig 101).	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFCFFFCD5182FA06FD40299C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is dedicated to Dr. Gilles Vinçon, Grenoble, France, for his great contributions to the study of Palaearctic stoneflies, and also for his suggestions and comments related to the present study. Used as the genitive of a noun of male gender.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFCBFFCE5182FAFEFDE82E8C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male: ALBANIA, Mat County, Shkanderbeu Mountains, torrent 4.2 km SE of Shtamë Pass, N 41 ° 30.284 ’ E 19 ° 55.334 ’, 1150 m, 0 8.10.2004, leg. ZF, JK, DM (HNHM: PLP 1571). Allotype female: same locality and date (HNHM: PLP 1572). Paratypes: same locality and date: 3 ♂ 4 Ψ (HNHM: PLP 1573, 1 male epiproct prepared on slide), 1 ♂ 1 Ψ (CPZ), 1 ♂ 1 Ψ (CGV). Other material: ALBANIA: Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, karst spring N of Okol towards the Pejë Pass, N 42 ° 25.664 ’ E 19 ° 45.704 ’, 990 m, 30.05.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP: 1 ♂ 1 Ψ; Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, karst spring system N of Okol, N 42 ° 25.347 ’ E 19 ° 45.680 ’, 883 m, 0 1.06.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP: 2 ♂ 2 Ψ; Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, Okol, stream below Valbonë Pass, N 42 ° 24.385 ’ E 19 ° 47.917 ’, 1432 m, 0 1.06.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP: 1 ♂ 1 Ψ; Tropoja County, Prokletije Mountains, Rrogam, spring system of the Valbonë River, N 42 ° 24.620 ’ E 19 ° 49.366 ’, 1457 m, 0 6.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 1 ♂; Dibrë County, Lurë area, gorge of Setë Stream beneath Cidhnë, N 41 ° 45.036 ’ E 20 ° 15.754 ’, 510 m, 10.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 2 Ψ; Mat County, Shkanderbeu Mountains, stream in a secondary forest 5 km E of Shtamë Pass along the Burrel – Krujë road, N 41 ° 32.346 ’ E 19 ° 54.042 ’, 970 m, 0 8.10.2004, leg. ZF, JK, DM: 1 Ψ; Mat County, sidespring of Mat River at Vashë bridge, N 41 ° 28.033 ’ E 20 ° 06.168 ’, 350 m, 0 9.10.2004, leg. ZF, JK, DM: 2 Ψ; Mat County, Shkanderbeu Mountains, stream in a meadow close to Shtyllë Pass along the Klos – Elbasan road, N 41 ° 22.340 ’ E 20 ° 05.084 ’, 1475 m, 0 9.10.2004, leg. ZF, JK, DM: 1 ♂; Mat County, Shkanderbeu Mountains, small spring 3.8 km SE of Shtamë Pass, N 41 ° 30.234 ’ E 19 ° 55.186 ’, 1100 m, 0 8.10.2004, leg. ZF, JK, DM: 1 Ψ – MONTENEGRO: Rugovo Mountains, Velika, forest torrent below the Č akor Pass, N 42 ° 40.685 ’ E 19 ° 59.779 ’, 1476 m, 0 5.10.2005, leg. TD, ZE, ZF, DM: 1 Ψ – MACEDONIA: Šar Planina, spring in a beech forest S of Gorno Jelovce, N 41 ° 46 ’ 22.6 ” E 20 ° 48 ’ 47.8 ”, 1122 m, 15.10.2006, leg. LD, JK, DM: 1 ♂.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFCBFFCE5182FAFEFDE82E8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male: the ventral hook of cerci ends in a not pointed tip while the dorsal hook ends in a sharp point. The tip of the paraproct is bilobed, bald, granulated, and slightly curved inwards. Medially, tergite X bears two small, sclerotized humps. Female: posterior edge of the pregenital plate nearly truncate and black, with the rest of the plate being light brown.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFCBFFCE5182FAFEFDE82E8C.taxon	description	Description: Large species, macropterous in both sexes. Body length: ♂ holotype 8.5 mm, other males 7.0 – 8.5 mm, Ψ allotype 11.0 mm, other females 8.5 – 11.5 mm; forewing length: ♂ holotype 9.5 mm, other males 9.5 – 10.0 mm, Ψ allotype 12.0 mm, other females 11.0 – 12.0 mm. Head light brown behind the posterior ocelli, black anteriorly. Scapes light brown, rest of the antenna black, palpi yellowish. Pronotum subtrapezoidal with rounded corners, dark brown, anterior part of the lateral edges yellow. Legs yellow, distal end of femora and tarsal segments darkened. Wings hyaline, venation dark brown. Abdomen white except for terminal segments, which are dark brown. Male terminalia: Hypoproct as long as wide, vesicle more than twice as long as wide, slightly narrowing in the middle. Paraproct medial margin of the outer lobe concave, outer margin sinuous. Tip of the outer lobe bilobed and slightly curved inwards. Paraprocts covered with bristles, but the tip of the outer lobe is bald and granulated (Fig 59). Cerci strongly sclerotized, being membranous only in the apex around the vestigial segment, and in the inner base. Cerci broadly convex at the base, then curved inwards and ending in a head with two strong hooks. These hooks are slightly variable in length, but the dorsal one ends in a sharp point, and the ventral one is stumpy. Tergite X medially bearing two small, strongly sclerotized humps under the tip of the epiproct (Figs 56 – 58). Epiproct slightly elongate, widest in its basal third. Parallel ridges of the ventral sclerite bearing 13 – 15 spines ventrally. Arms of the ventral sclerite forming an oval, thin ring dorsally, which extends into straight, thorn – like apical sclerites. Apical sclerites half the length of the arms (Fig 60). Female terminalia: Pregenital plate large, covering most of length and two thirds the width of sternite VII, overhanging the anterior half of sternite VIII. Posterior edge truncate and black, rest of plate light brown (Fig 61). Vaginal complex with two sclerotized, ring – shaped postvulvar lobes and simple receptaculum seminis (Fig 62). Cerci and paraprocts normal. Larva: Unknown. Affinities: This is a member of the peristeri group. The male differs from the related N. peristeri Aubert by the stumpy ventral hook of the cerci, the bilobed, bald tip of paraprocts and the smaller medial, sclerotized humps on tergite X. In general, N. anas is larger than N. peristeri. The male differs from the other members of the genus as it is described in the diagnosis of the group: by the hammer – like cercal head and by the thorn – like apical sclerites of the epiproct attached to the thin ring of the ventral sclerite. The female differs from N. peristeri by its pregenital plate ending in a nearly linear posterior edge, that of N. peristeri is rounded. The shape and the coloration of the pregenital plate distinguish the female from most of the members of the genus. Ecology and distribution: The species was found in karst and other springs, mountain torrents and streams between 350 and 1475 m (Fig 109). It seems to be a rheophilic, cold stenothermal species, although one male was caught at a slow stream (Shkanderbeu Mountains, Shtyllë Pass). We found it in the Shkanderbeu, the Prokletije, and the Mirditë Mountains and in the Šar Planina between the 30 May and the 15 October. Thus, the species seems to be restricted to the southernmost Dinaric Mountains, the central Albanian mountain systems and the Šar Planina, and shows a long flight period from late spring to autumn.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFCBFFCE5182FAFEFDE82E8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name anas (means duck in Latin) refers to the shape of the cerci that look like duck heads. This method of naming is frequently used in the genus (e. g. N. avicularis Morton, N. sciurus Aubert). Used as a noun, gender feminine.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC8FFC15182FBC4FF002F44.taxon	materials_examined	Material: MACEDONIA: Perister (sic!) Mountains, 12.07.1955, leg. F. Schmid: Paratype male (ZML); Pelister Mountains, 2300 m, 20.07.1977, leg & det. Ignac Sivec (1 male epiproct prepared on slide): 2 ♂ 2 Ψ; Pelister Mountains, Ni _ epole, brook with Alnus bush above the sky course, N 40 ° 58 ’ 48.7 ” E 21 ° 15 ’ 09.9 ”, 1375 m, 17.10.2006, leg. LD, JK, DM: 1 ♂. Redescription: Small sized species, brachypterous in both sexes. Body length: ♂ 5.5 – 6.0 mm, Ψ 7.5 – 8.0 mm; forewing length: ♂ 3.0 – 3.5 mm, Ψ 4.5 – 5.0 mm. Head light brown behind the posterior ocelli, dark brown anteriorly. Scapes yellowish, rest of the antenna black, palpi yellowish. Pronotum subtrapezoidal with rounded corners, ground colour yellow with dark, granulated ornamentation. Legs yellow, distal half of femora and tarsal segments darkened. Wings hyaline, venation dark brown. Abdomen white except for terminal segments, which are dark brown. Male terminalia: Hypoproct longer than wide, vesicle more than twice as long as wide, slightly narrower in the middle. Paraproct medial margin of the outer lobe concave, outer margin sinuous. Tip of the outer lobe rounded, and curved inwards; entire paraprocts covered with bristles (Fig 68). Cerci strongly sclerotized, except apex around the vestigial segment, and in the inner base. Cerci broadly convex at the base, then curved inwards and ending in a head with two strong, sharply pointed hooks. Tergite X medially bearing two distinct, strongly sclerotized humps under the tip of the epiproct (Figs 65 – 67). Epiproct slightly elongate, widest in its basal third. Parallel ridges of the ventral sclerite bearing 11 – 12 spines ventrally. Arms of the ventral sclerite forming an oval, thin ring dorsally, which extends into straight, thorn – like apical sclerites. Apical sclerites less than half the length of the arms (Fig 69). Female terminalia: Pregenital plate large, covering most of length and less than two thirds the width of sternite VII, and nearly reaching the posterior margin of the sternite VIII. Posterior edge broadly rounded, darker than the rest of the plate which is light brown (Fig 63). Vaginal complex with two sclerotized, ring – shaped postvulvar lobes and simple receptaculum seminis (Fig 64). Cerci and paraprocts typical for the genus. Larva: Unknown.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC8FFC15182FBC4FF002F44.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The specimens reported from various parts of western Macedonia by Ikonomov (1986) possibly refers to N. anas sp. n .. This remarkable brachypterous species apparently occurs only in the Pelister Mountains in SW Macedonia. The name of the species is derived from a mispelling of its origin (however, the Macedonian name of these mountains is Baba Planina). Affinities of this species are already discussed under N. anas.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC6FFC55182FF76FE0A2F1C.taxon	materials_examined	Other material: ALBANIA: Tepelenë County, Kendrevicë Mountains, stream and spring in a gorge 2 km W of Progonat, N 40 ° 12.467 ’ E 19 ° 55.499 ’, 740 m, 11.10.2004, leg. ZF, JK, DM: 1 Ψ; Delvinë County, Gjerë Mountains, Syri i Kaltër (Blue eye spring), karst springs 7 km W of Muzinë, N 39 ° 55.286 ’ E 20 ° 11.330 ’, 155 m, 13.10.2004, leg. ZF, JK, DM: 1 ♂, 9 larvae, 1 ♂ 1 Ψ, 1 larva (CGV); same locality, 12.05.2006, leg. LD, JK, DM: 3 ♂ 4 Ψ.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC6FFC55182FF76FE0A2F1C.taxon	description	Description of the mature larva: Body relatively slender, body length 8.0 – 10.5 mm. General colour brown. Pilosity distinct. Scales present only in the dorsal midline of the femora and on tarsi. Legs typical for the genus, tibiae slightly longer than femora; width of hind femora less than one third of its length. Head stout, with distinct dark patches on the frons. Pronotum subtrapezoidal, corners rounded, slightly narrowing towards the posterior margin; its length four fifths of its maximum width. Cervical gills simple, the longest one equivalent to the width of the fore coxa (Fig 72). Wing pads of length typical for the genus, abdomen relatively slender, first 5 abdominal segments divided by pleura. Posterior margin of sternite IX of the mature male larva triangular, weakly pointed; paraprocts not pointed (Fig 70). Genital opening well visible on the mature female larva, placed under the anterior half of sternite VIII (Fig 71). Cerci long, with more than 35 segments; segment sides nearly parallel, segments 13 – 17 are slightly longer than wide. Pilosity: Head with dense, stout bristles, thin hairs and sensilla. Antennal segments with short pilosity. Pronotum with dense, stout bristles, thin hairs and sensilla. Margin of the pronotum bearing bristles with their apex divided in three teeth, the longest ones are <1 / 15 the pronotum’s width (Fig 73). The bristles on the anterior corners of the meso and metanotum are as long as the marginal bristles of the pronotum. The setae placed in lines on the wing pads are short. Legs with dense setation. All femora bear both short and long, acute bristles and thin hairs. Long bristles occur mostly on the outer surface; on hind femora they are only placed on the apical half. Bristles not in a regular arrangement; the longest ones reach one third the femur width on all legs (Figs 74 – 75). Bald median line is conspicuous on the dorsal surface of all femora, covered with rounded scales. Tarsi relatively slender, covered with thin hairs, metatarsi with triangular scales on the dorsal surface; apical spike of tibiae short. Tergal segments with scarce, short bristles and dense, thin hairs. Paired spines on the posterior margin apparent, on tergite V they reach two thirds of the segment’s length (Fig 76). Distal margin covered with tiny triangular spikes around the row of bristles. Cercal segments with acute bristles (Figs 77 – 78). The apical whorl is a set of 15 – 18 strong, acute spikes and a few short setae. Longest bristles reach more than two thirds of the segment’s length on segments 13 – 15. FIGURES 73 – 78. Larva of Protonemura albanica Raušer — 73: marginal setae of pronotum; 74: hind femur; 75: bristles and spikes of the femora; 76: bristles on tergite V; 77: cercus, basal segments; 78: cercus, 15 th segment — scale 0.1 mm. Affinities: Raušer (1963) pointed out that P. albanica, P. talboti Navás and P. algirica Aubert are closely related taxa. Since that time many other members of the Protonemura corsicana group sensu Aubert (1964) have been described (Fig 104), and P. albanica more closely resembles in epiproct and paraproct structure to species from North Africa, Lebanon and Iran (especially to P. talboti, P. algirica, P. libanica Aubert and P. hassankifi Aubert) than species described from Aegean isles (P. malickyi Zwick, P. cressa Zwick and P. androsiana Pardo & Zwick) and from the northwestern Mediterranean area species to be consistent. Up to now, larvae of 11 species of the P. corsicana group have been described, but there are no features that should characterize the group. Although all of them have simple, short cervical gills, the pilosity is rather variable from very short (P. cressa Zwick) to very long (P. phoenicia Sivec & Dia).	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC6FFC55182FF76FE0A2F1C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Apparently, this species is endemic to southwest Albania, living in major karst spring systems. Hitherto, it was known only from the types, which seem to be lost (pers. com. P. Zwick). Herein, I designate topotypes for males, females and larvae. The male paraproct shows some differences from the original description, as the outer lobe has an unsclerotized apical lobe and bears two spikes on its outer projection. Although these differences are not so important and the redescription of the imago is not necessary, drawings of a topotypic male and female are presented herein (Figs 79 – 85). Description of the matured larva is also based on topotypic specimens.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC3FFC55182FD04FED8281C.taxon	description	Chloroperla neglecta (Rostock) – Petkovski 1962: 93. (Macedonia) Chloroperla neglecta (Rostock) – Aubert 1964: 301. (Bulgaria)	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC3FFC55182FD04FED8281C.taxon	materials_examined	Material: GREECE: Florina County, Verno Mountains, Pisoderi, stream in a beech forest 3 km W of the village, N 40 ° 47 ’ 16.5 ” E 21 ° 13 ’ 26.7 ”, 1317 m, 15.05.2006, leg. LD, JK, DM: 3 ♂ 5 Ψ. This is a Central European species, in the Balkans it is known from Slovenia, Bosnia – Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia and Bulgaria. The Greek locality is a small forest stream in the Verno Mountains. This range is connected to the Pindos mountain system, where the type locality of S. graeca (Aubert) is located, and the occurrence represents an additional evidence of the overlapping distribution of the two species. New for the Greek fauna.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC3FFC45182FA7EFC8F2FCC.taxon	materials_examined	Material: ALBANIA: Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, stream along the conjunction to Pejë Pass from the Bogë – Okol road, N 42 ° 24.496 ’ E 19 ° 45.271 ’, 1009 m, 30.05.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP: 1 Ψ; Shkodër County, Prokletije Mountains, stream with a waterfall along the Theth – Okol road, N 42 ° 24.137 ’ E 19 ° 45.791 ’, 900 m, 0 3.06.2005, leg. KB, ZB, DM, DP: 2 ♂ 4 Ψ, 1 larva, 2 exuviae (1 exuviae prepared for SEM). This species is known from Bosnia – Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia and Greece. Albanian localities are small karst streams in the Prokletije Mountains. New for the Albanian fauna. It was described, and hitherto regarded, as a subspecies of S. neglecta. Although the distribution of S. neglecta and S. graeca greatly overlaps (Fig 102), there are some morphological features that contradict its subspecific classification. Herein, I propose full species status. The penial armature of S. graeca shows more affinity with S. burmeisteri (Pictet) than to S. neglecta. Its medial spine – field has no strong lateral scales, its proximal part is paler and wide, and the apical part of the penis sac between the titillators is well sclerotized. S. burmeisteri has a north – central European distribution and a single Balkan record from Bulgaria (Braasch & Joost 1976). The Anatolian records (Theischinger 1976 a, 1976 b, Zwick 1971) surely refer to S. libanica Alouf, given the geographic affinity discussed in its original description (Alouf 1992). The Albanian specimens slightly differ from Greek specimens and the original description on the basis of the medial spine – field of the penis being narrower and the epiproct being much wider in dorsal view (Figs 86 – 88). Because larvae of Siphonoperla are extremely difficult to determine, even in final instars (Zwick 2004), I do not describe the previously unknown larva of S. graeca, only show the distinct colour pattern of the head and the pronotum, in comparison with the imago (Figs 89 – 90).	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
251BFC7EFFC2FFC65182F8B6FCE32CFC.taxon	materials_examined	Material: ALBANIA: Skrapar County, Ostrovicë Mountains, open brook 4 km W of Çeramica, N 40 ° 32.649 ’ E 20 ° 26.573 ’, 1820 m, 0 5.07.2005, leg. ZB, DP, DS: 3 ♂ 2 Ψ (2 male penial sclerites prepared on slides, 1 male terminalia damaged), 1 ♂ 1 Ψ (CPZ). Chloroperla zhiltzovae is known from the Caucasus and Anatolia and has not yet been reported from the Balkans (Fig 105). Albanian habitat is a small, open, high montane brook in the Ostrovicë Mountains. New for the Albanian fauna. The Albanian specimens are here reported with doubts because of notable variability of the penial sclerites. The base plates of one male are similar to the Balkanian C. russevi Braasch since they have parallel lateral sides, but plates of the other two males are slightly shorter and equal in shape to the typical C. zhiltzovae. The apical part of all the three male sclerites is similar to C. zhiltzovae but have a small, spiculate inner lobe at the apex. This lobe is vestigial on one male, but present on an Anatolian specimen of C. zhiltzovae. Spiculation of the apical part are also variable from bald to typical for C. zhiltzovae and the apex is more pointed than the typical spatulate form. The penial armature of Fig 91 is more similar to the typical C. zhiltzovae, but with a conspicuous inner lobe of the apex. Epiproct and head typical for the genus (Figs 92 – 94). Vaginal spermathecae of the Albanian specimens have two small, posterior sclerites (Fig 95). More specimens are needed to determine the distinctness of this marginal population.	en	Murányi, Dávid (2007): New and little – known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries. Zootaxa 1533: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177757
