taxonID	type	description	language	source
2B1B87D3F52D5254FCB4F8F36D8A8BD6.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — The basal leaves of these species have stellate hairy setae tubercles, consisting of numerous oblong or rounded cells arranged in one, two, or three series. The number and length of hairs on the tubercles vary widely in length and density and may exhibit regular or irregular patterns. These characters, along with other vegetative and reproductive traits, are highly important in species delimitation.	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52C5257FF35F9B56B3C8BD1.taxon	description	(Figs 2; 3)	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52C5257FF35F9B56B3C8BD1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Iran • W, Kermanshah, c. 11 km to the crossroad of Gilan-e Gharb and Sumar; 1050 m alt.; 34 ° 16 ’ 30 ” N, 46 ° 32 ’ 12 ” E; 28. V. 2016; Attar, Mirtadzadini & Raie Niaki 46689; holotype: TUH!; isotype: MIR! • same location; 2. V. 2019; Attar & Habibi 48901; paratype: TUH!.	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52C5257FF35F9B56B3C8BD1.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Differt ab Onosma albo-rosea Fisch. & C. A. Mey.: Caules usque 50 cm (nec 10 - 20 cm); folia basalia late elliptica, 20 - 45 × 7 - 17 mm (nec obovato-spathulato lanceolata, 20 - 60 × 6 - 12 [- 15] mm); pedicellus 2 - 4 mm longus (nec 1 - 3 mm longus); corolla alba (nec alba, rosea); filament ± 2.5 mm longa (nec 8 - 9 mm longa); nuculae 8 mm longae (nec 6 - 7 [- 8] mm longae). RECOGNITION. — Onosma ligniclada sp. nov. is related to Onosma albo-rosea, which belongs to the sect. Onosma subsect. Asterotricha (Riedl 1967; Khatamsaz 2002). Onosma albo-rosea is distributed in Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria. These two species have some morphological differences such as the height of the plant, the size and color of the corolla, and size of leaves of sterile shoots. Further differences are outlined in Table 2.	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52C5257FF35F9B56B3C8BD1.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet is derived from the woody base of the plant, referring to the lignified structure present either at the base of the stem or at the lower parts of the branches.	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52C5257FF35F9B56B3C8BD1.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Onosma ligniclada sp. nov. is currently known from a single locality with a small population. Considering its very restricted area of occupancy (AOO), occurrence at one location, and an inferred continuing decline in habitat quality, we assess it as Endangered (EN) under criterion B 2 ab (iii) (IUCN 2012).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52C5257FF35F9B56B3C8BD1.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Perennial, woody at base, up to 50 cm high. Stem branched, white or sometimes brownish with sterile shoots at the base, erect, covered with white and ± patent setae. Leaves of sterile shoots broad ovate-elliptic, acute, 10 - 20 × 3 - 8 mm (including a c. 5 mm long petiole); basal leaves of flowering shoots ovate-elliptic, acute, 20 - 45 × 7 - 17 mm; middle and upper leaves similar to the lower ones, subsessile; indumentum consists of white tubercle-based adpressed dense setae on the upper surface and lax on the lower surface; tubercles stellate hairy, rays long and numerous, regular; midrib prominent, adpressed-setose on the abaxial leaf surface. Petiole 2 - 4 cm long. Cymes few-flowered, 5 - 8 cm long. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 20 × 3 - 4 mm. Pedicels 5 mm long in flower, to 7 mm long in fruit, with spreading setae. Calyx ± 20 mm long in flower, 3 - 5 mm wide, accrescent, 30 - 32 mm long in fruit, 7 - 8 mm wide in the fruiting state; calyx lobes 5, divided to near the base, united for 5 mm, outside covered with sparse white patent setae, tubercles stellate hairy, pubescent between them, inside similar outside but fewer. Corolla cream at first, turning bluish towards upper, 26 - 29 mm long, campanulatecylindrical; lobes triangular, obtuse, 2.5 mm wide and 2 mm long, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Annulus 0.5 mm wide, glabrous, lobulate, crescent. Anthers sagittate, included, c. 8 mm long. Filaments c. 3 mm long, arising from approximately the middle of the corolla tube. Nutlets 8 × 7 mm, often solitary, cream, smooth, shiny, ovate-three-faced, with dorsal keel, with a middle vein on the adaxial surface, gradually beaked (Figs 2; 8).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52E5259FCFBF9B56BFA8BD1.taxon	description	(Figs 4; 5)	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52E5259FCFBF9B56BFA8BD1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Iran • W Ilam, c. 15 km to Badreh from Ilam; 844 m alt.; 33 ° 36 ’ 58 ” N, 46 ° 09 ’ 6.83 ” E; 15. V. 2015; Attar & Zamani 46138; holotype: TUH!	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52E5259FCFBF9B56BFA8BD1.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Differt ab O. bilabiata Boiss.: folia basalia ellipticoorbicularia, excluso petiolo 15 - 20 × 13 - 18 mm (nec oblanceolatoobovata, petiolo excluso 25 - 100 × 7 - 25 mm); corolla ± 15 mm longa (nec 2 5 - 30 mm longa); corolla flava, in sicco coerulea (nec flavoalba et in sicco coerulea); filament ± 2.5 mm longa (nec 2 - 3 mm longa); nuculae 7 mm longae, distincte rugosae (nec 6 mm longae, foveolato-punctatae). RECOGNITION. — Onosma elymaitica sp. nov. is closely related to O. bilabiata which belongs to the sect. Onosma subsect. Asterotrich a (Riedl 1967; Khatamsaz 2002). The new species is distinguished from O. bilabiata by the shape and size of basal leaves, size, and color of the corolla in a dry state and nutlet characters (Table 3).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52E5259FCFBF9B56BFA8BD1.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the type locality “ Elyma or Elymais ” the ancient name of today Ilam [and most parts of Khuzestan] province in the west of Iran.	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52E5259FCFBF9B56BFA8BD1.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Onosma elymaitica sp. nov. is restricted to a very small area near Ilam and is known from a single, small population. Based on its limited AOO, occurrence at one location, and an inferred continuing decline in habitat quality, we assess it as Endangered (EN) under criterion B 2 ab (iii) (IUCN 2012).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F52E5259FCFBF9B56BFA8BD1.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Perennial, woody at base, up to 25 cm high, with horizontal stolon, with several sterile rosettes at the base. Stem erectascending, covered with white appressed setae. Leaves of sterile shoots broad elliptic, shortly mucronate, blade 15 - 20 × 13 - 18 mm, petiole 6 - 15 cm long; basal leaves of flowering shoots elliptic-orbicular, acute, 15 - 18 mm long, 7 - 12 mm wide, shortly petiolate; middle and upper leaves obovate, remote, subsessile; indumentum yellowish-greyish; upper surface consists of indistinctly tubercle-based appressed very dense setae; lower surface covered by lax tubercled setae; tubercles stellate hairy, rays long and numerous; between setae shortly pubescent. Cymes scorpioid, many-flowered, 3.5 - 5 cm long in fruiting time. Bracts lanceolate, 10 × 4 mm. Pedicels setose, to 5 mm long in fruit. Calyx 10 × 3 mm, accrescent at fruiting time, 15 - 17 mm long, lobes broad lanceolate, divided to near the base, outside densely setose, tubercles with irregular stellate hairs, pubescent between them, inside similar to outside but sparse. Corolla cylindrical to indistinctly campanulate, c. 15 mm long, pubescent outside, at first deep yellow, becoming pink, red, and blue in the upper part or becoming blue; lobes triangular, acute, 2.5 mm wide, 0.5 mm long, glabrous inside. Annulus 0.5 mm wide, glabrous, lobulated-crescent. Anthers included, 6 mm long. Filaments c. 2.5 mm long, arising from approximately the middle of the corolla. Nutlets 7 × 5 mm, ovate, three-faced, milky-white, irregularly deeply rugose, slightly dorsal keel, with a middle vein on the adaxial surface, shortly beaked (Figs 4; 5; 8).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F523525BFF4AFA9269D38BD1.taxon	description	(Figs 6; 7)	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F523525BFF4AFA9269D38BD1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Iran • SW, Fars province, between Shiraz and Kazerun, Dasht-e Arjan; 29 ° 39 ’ 41.33 ” N, 51 ° 58 ’ 59.36 ” E; 6. V. 2016; Attar, Mirtadzadini & Raie Niaki 46769; holotype: MIR!; isotype: TUH! • Same locality; 28. IV. 2011; Mirtadzadini 3124; paratype: MIR • Same locality, between Shiraz and Kazerun, Dasht-e Arjan; 27. VI. 2006; Attar & Zamani 36296 (Attar collection); paratype: TUH. DIAGNOSIS. — Differt ab O. bilabiata Boiss. & Buhse: folia basalia 20 - 40 × 5 - 10 mm (nec 30 - 11 × 7 - 25 mm); calyx 14 - 16 mm longus (nec 18 - 20 mm longus); corolla 20 - 22 mm longa (nec 25 - 30 mm longa) et flava vel flavo-rubra (nec pallide flava); antherae 8 mm longae (nec 9 - 10 mm); Nuculae 4 mm longae, 3 mm latae (nec 6 mm longae, nec 5 mm latae).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F523525BFF4AFA9269D38BD1.taxon	diagnosis	RECOGNITION. — Onosma farsistanica sp. nov. is related to O. bilabiata which is distributed in mountainous steppes of Azerbaijan in northwest of Iran. Despite that, the latter have variable characters throughout its distribution range, but their morphological differences are remarkable. The least distance between these two species is about 550 km. In addition to differences in the type of habitat and geographical distance, these two species have some important and remarkable morphological differences including the size of the corolla, calyx and leaves (Table 3).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F523525BFF4AFA9269D38BD1.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet of “ farsistanica ” refers to type locality “ Farsistan ”, the old name of Fars province.	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F523525BFF4AFA9269D38BD1.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS. — O. farsistanica sp. nov. is endemic to the Dasht-e Arjan area (between Shiraz and Kazerun) and is known from few, small and scattered populations within a narrow range. Given its restricted AOO, ≤ a few locations, and an inferred continuing decline in habitat quality, we assess it as Endangered (EN) under criterion B 2 ab (iii) (IUCN 2012).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
2B1B87D3F523525BFF4AFA9269D38BD1.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Caespitose perennial with lignified sub-horizontal thick rootstocks, with few stems, branched from the base, up to 18 cm long, with sterile shoots at the base, usually ascending, covered with white appressed setae, setae arising from stellate-hairy tubercles, between setae covered with spreading to spreading-appressed short hairs. Basal leaves 20 - 40 × 5 - 10 mm, spathulate, acute, attenuate towards base into 10 - 15 mm long petiole; middle leaves sessile, elliptic, 20 - 40 × 7 - 15 mm; upper leaves similar to the middle ones but smaller. Cymes terminal, many-flowered, scorpioid-capitate, c. 3 cm long, up to 4.5 cm in fruiting stage. Bracts narrowly lanceolate, 16 mm long, 1.5 mm wide. Pedicels 1 - 2 mm long with spreading setae. Calyx 14 - 16 mm long, up to 17 mm in fruiting state, covered with white dense appressed-spreading setae outside and with short hairs inside, tubercles indistinct; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate, c. 4 mm wide, sometimes, two lobes are coherent up to near the apex, with only the terminal 1 mm remaining free, acute. Corolla 20 - 21 mm long, cylindrical-campanulate, yellow or yellow and red, in dry state blue, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, acute, 3 mm wide and 1.5 mm long. Annulus glabrous, lobulate. Anthers sagittate, included, 8 mm long, connate at base. Filaments c. 3 mm long, arising from below the middle of the corolla. Nutlets 4 × 3 mm, often solitary, ovate, yellowish-milky, shiny, irregularly brown-dotted, gradually and shortly beaked (Figs 6; 7; 9).	en	Attar, Farideh, Mirtadzadini, Mansour, Binzet, Rıza, Sotoodeh, Arash (2025): New taxa of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae) from Iran. Adansonia (3) 47 (16): 299-310, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a16, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a16.pdf
