taxonID	type	description	language	source
2A5687ACBA3EFFA7FFDCFF45FBD103CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Piuma-Sopé do Morro Aghá, 16 February 1999, M. C. Assis et al. 584 (holotype SPF!; isotype RB!). (Fig. 1, 3). Shrubs ca. 0.5 m tall. Branches ca. 3 mm diameter, pubescent to glabrescent, hairs ca. 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, internodes striate. Prophylls caducous, ca. 1.9 cm long, ovate, apex acute, reflex, pubescent on abaxial surface and glabrous on adaxial, ligule concave, ovate, apex acute, margins membranaceous to coriaceous. Leaves 8 – 14 × 1.7 – 3.5 cm, lanceolate, rare falcate, papyraceous, sightly discolored, glabrous in both sides, base cordate to lobate, asymmetric, with one side 1 mm shorter at the petiole, the longer side overlapping the petiole, margin revolute, glabrous in abaxial surface, apex acute to acuminate, veins broquidodromous, 11 – 15 pairs, midvein sightly impressed and glabrous on the adaxial surface, proeminent and densely pubescent on the abaxial surface, secondary veins plane on adaxial surface, glabrous, proeminent on abaxial surface, densely pubescent; petiole 3 – 4 mm long, pubescent, base of petiole slightly alate. Inflorescence in a spike, 3.7 – 6.5 cm × 2 – 4 mm, pendule, brown; peduncle 4 – 6 mm long, pubescent; rachis glabrous to slightly fimbriate, glandulosous, not visible when in fruit; flower bracts 0.5 – 0.7 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, saccate-galeate, glabrous, papillose, pedicel 0.25 mm long, fimbriate. Fruit 1.5 – 2 × 1 mm, oblong to ovate-oblong, tetragonal, 4 - sulcate, papillosous, 4 stigmas, persistent. Seeds oblong, brown, 4 - sulcate, apex short apiculate.	en	Carvalho-Silva, Micheline, Guimarães, Elsie Franklin, Pereira, Luciano Araujo, Junior, Valderes Bento Sarnaglia (2015): Two new species of Piper section Ottonia (Piperaceae) from southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 212 (4): 293-299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.5
2A5687ACBA3EFFA7FFDCFF45FBD103CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to the locality of occurrence of this species, in Morro Agha. Observations: — Piper aghaense is characterized by lanceolate leaves with cordate to lobade bases with one side overlapping the petiole. The abaxial vein is densely pubescent and the inflorescence a spike. This species resembles P. eucalyptophyllum Cassimir De Candolle. (1869: 252) in general appearence, but the inflorescence of the latter is a raceme. Another similar species is P. piscatorum Trelease & Yuncker (1950: 395), but it has an acute leaf base while the leaf bases of P. aghaense are cordate or lobade (tab. 1). piscatorum Trel. & Yunck. Geographic distribution and conservation status: — The species occurs in the municipality of Piúma (state of Espírito Santo, Brazil), only in one location, Morro Aghá. This location is not included in Conservation Units, receives visits from tourists and is very close to the city center. According to the IUCN Red List criteria (2010) the species belongs to the Critically Endangered (CR) category, criteria B 2 b (ii, iii). Phenology: — Piper aghaense has been found with flowers and fruits in Frebuary.	en	Carvalho-Silva, Micheline, Guimarães, Elsie Franklin, Pereira, Luciano Araujo, Junior, Valderes Bento Sarnaglia (2015): Two new species of Piper section Ottonia (Piperaceae) from southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 212 (4): 293-299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.5
2A5687ACBA3EFFA0FFDCF94FFF4900C0.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Santa Leopoldina, Chaves, Cachoeira Véu de Noiva, 20 º 02 ’ 54,8 ” S, 40 º 32 ’ 16,3 ” W, 300 – 400 m, 17 January 2008, L. A. Pereira et al. 1572 (holotype RB!, isotypes HAMAB!, MBML!, UB!) (Fig. 2, 3). Shrubs 0.8 – 2 m tall. Branches glabrous with brown glands, hirsute when young, ca. 2 mm diameter. Prophylls persistent, 1 – 1.5 (– 2.2) cm long, filiform, glabrous, apex bifid. Leaves 12 – 19 × 3 – 8 (– 10) cm, elliptic, membranaceous or papyraceous, discolored, slightly asymmetric, glabrous, with brown glands on both surfaces, base acute to decurrent, symmetric to subsymmetric, margin revolute when dry, hirtelous in abaxial surface, apex acute to acuminate, slightly falcate; veins broquidodromous, 11 – 13 pairs, midvein impressed on the adaxial surface, prominent on the abaxial surface, secondary veins conspicuous on both surfaces; petiole 3 – 5 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence in a spike, 3 – 4.5 cm long, erect, dark brown, peduncle 0.5 – 1 cm long, glabrous, with brown glands; rachis glandulosous, fimbriate, not visible when in fruit; flower bracts ca. 0.5 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, cucullate, slightly triangular, papillose, margins pilose, glandulosous, pedicel ca. 0.25 mm long, fimbriate. Fruit 1 – 1.4 × 1 mm, ovoid to rounded, 4 – sulcate, brownish, glandulosous, apex short apiculate, 4 stigmas, persistent. Seeds 4 – sulcate, brownish. Additional Specimens Examined: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Municipality of Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, locality of Alegre, trilha do Pau Oco, 20 º 17 ’ 29 ” S, 40 º 31 ’ 10 ” W, 600 m, 15 February 2008, A. M. A. Amorim et al. 7107 (CEPEC, MBML, RB, UPCB); Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, locality of Alegre, trilha do Pau Oco, 20 º 17 ’ 29 ” S, 40 º 31 ’ 10 ” W, 600 m, 15 February 2008, L. Kollmann et al. 10622 (CEPEC, MBML, RB, UPCB); Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, 13 March 2001, G. N Martins 108 (RB); Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, 09 April 2000, G. N Martins & J. M. L. Gomes 06 (RB); Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, 12 April 2000, G. N. Martins 03 (RB). Municipality of Serra, APA Mestre Álvaro, Trilha das Três Marias, 450 m, 22 January 2013, V. B. Sarnaglia Junior et al. 584 (RB).	en	Carvalho-Silva, Micheline, Guimarães, Elsie Franklin, Pereira, Luciano Araujo, Junior, Valderes Bento Sarnaglia (2015): Two new species of Piper section Ottonia (Piperaceae) from southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 212 (4): 293-299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.5
2A5687ACBA3EFFA0FFDCF94FFF4900C0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species name refers to the morphology of prophyll. Observations: — Piper bicorne is recognized by prophylls with a bifid apex and brown glands on both surfaces of leaves. It is similar to Piper klotzschianum (Kunth) Cassimir De Candolle. (1869: 257), but differs in several characters: the prophylls of P. klotzschianum have an undivided apex, chartaceous leaves, with glands only on young leaves and inflorescences that are 7 – 11 cm long, while P. bicorne has prophylls with a bifid apex, densely glandulosous leaves (both adult and young leaves), and smaller inflorescences with 3 – 4.5 cm long (tab. 2). Piper klotzschianum occurs in southern Brazil in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais (Callejas 1986) and Bahia (Guimarães et al. 2013), while P. bicorne occurs only in the state of Espírito Santo. Geographic distribution and conservation status: — Piper bicorne is endemic to the state of Espírito Santo, occurring in the submontane ombrophilous dense forest, at an elevation from 300 – 600 m. This species is known from three localities in the municipalities of Santa Leopoldina, Serra and Cariacica, two of them being conservation units: the Biological Reserve of Duas Bocas and Environmental Protection Area Mestre Álvaro. Approximately 70 % of the forest in the Biological Reserve of Duas Bocas, Cariacica are conserved without human interference in its structure. The elevation ranges from 250 to 640 m and its totally included in the Atlantic rain forest (Novelli 2010). The vegetation in which this species occurs is highly conserved, with no short-term risk of immediate loss of the original forest site. The Environmental Protection Area (APA) Mestre Álvaro, with 3470 ha is located 4 km from the headquarters of Serra and 12 km from the Atlantic Ocean. Being close to urban sites, this area is under strong touristic pressure and has many agricultural zones. However, the specimens occurs in areas of preserved vegetation and in difficult access areas. According to the IUCN Red List criteria (2010), the species belongs to the Least Concerned (LC) category. Phenology: — Piper bicorne has been found with flowers from January to March and with fruits from January to April.	en	Carvalho-Silva, Micheline, Guimarães, Elsie Franklin, Pereira, Luciano Araujo, Junior, Valderes Bento Sarnaglia (2015): Two new species of Piper section Ottonia (Piperaceae) from southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 212 (4): 293-299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.212.4.5
