identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2A509732112175590A91953730C2FD59.text	2A509732112175590A91953730C2FD59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Portulaca badamica S. R. Yadav & Dalavi 2018	<div><p>Portulaca badamica S.R.Yadav &amp; Dalavi sp. nov. (Figs.1–2)</p> <p>Type:— INDIA, Karnataka, Bagalkot District, Badami, 613 m a.s.l., 15.918394 N, 75.703487 E, 14 June 2018, Yadav, Dalavi &amp; Deshmukh, JVD-1250 (holotype CAL!, isotypes BSI!, K!, SUK!).</p> <p>Diagnosis (Table. 1): — Portulaca badamica differs from P. pilosa by its annual, slender, sparsely branched, erect, habit (as against perennial, robust, much branched, spreading habit), usually cleistogamous yellow flowers (as against chasmogamous, pink flowers), 3–4-fid style (as against 5–7-fid style), 8–12 stamens (as against 20–25 stamens), bluish seeds with stellulate flat cells without central elevations (as against bluish seeds with stellulate flat cells with central elevations). It is also similar to Portulaca oleracea var. linearifolia from which differs in having hairs in axils of leaves (as against completely glabrous habit), 1–6-flowered capitulum (as against 1–10-flowered capitulum), 3–4-fid style (as against 5 fid style), very delicate, transparent sepals (as against thick green sepals covering capsules), bluish seeds having stellulate flat cells without central elevations (as against black seeds with circular central elevations in cells).</p> <p>Description:— Annual, sparingly branched, erect, slender herbs, 5–15 cm in height. Non-tuberous tap root with numerous fibrous secondary branches. Stem erect, slender, cylindrical, sparsely pilose when young, glabrous when old. Leaves 0.8–1.5 × 0.1–0.3 cm, simple, alternate, linear, subsessile, glaucous, green with distinct midrib; petiole with tuft of white hairs in the nodal axils. Inflorescence terminal, 1–6 sessile flowered capitulum surrounded by 4–7 involucral leaves and a ring of white hairs. Flowers bisexual, 1 cm across, generally cleistogamous, rarely chasmogamous, sessile, yellow. Calyx bi-sepalous, sepals 4–6 × 2–3 mm, ovate, connate at base, transparent, 4–6-veined, pale yellow in colour, glabrous. Petals 4–5, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, connate at the base, ovate to obovate, glabrous, entire. Stamens 8–12, free, filaments connate at the base forming small ring and adnate to petals, unequal in length; anthers 0.7–0.9 mm, bithecous, yellowish in colour, dehiscing via longitudinal slits; filaments 1.0– 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Gynoecium 4–5 carpellary, syncarpous; ovary 2–3 × 1–2 mm, globose, lower portion sunk into base of calyx tube, glabrous. Style 3–4 mm long, glabrous, 3–4 fid, pale yellow; stigma 1–2 mm, papillate, yellow. Fruits circumscissile capsule, 4–6 × 2–3 mm, sub-globose, basal disc and upper operculum nearly equal in length. Seeds 40–60 per capsule, sub-reniform, 0.6–0.7 mm in diameter, bluish in colour with stellulate flat cells arranged in 3–4 circular rings without central elevations.</p> <p>Etymology:— The specific epithet badamica refers to locus classicus ‘Badami’.</p> <p>Phenology:— Flowering time May–August, fruiting time June–August.</p> <p>Distribution:— Portulaca badamica is currently known only from Badami hills (Bagalkot district, Karnataka State, India) where it is locally very common on the top plateaus. There is every possibility of its occurrence in similar habitats in peninsular India.</p> <p>Conservation status:— Since data on distribution and population on Portulaca badamica is still not sufficient, it is assessed as Data Deficient (DD) following the IUCN Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).</p> <p>Habitat:— The region where Portulaca badamica occurs falls under rain shadow area with extremely dry and arid conditions. The hill tops are rocky and more or less flat on which sandy soil gets accumulated. Commiphora berryi Engler (1883: 17), Euphorbia caducifolia Haines (1914: 154), Mimosa hamata Willdenow (1806: 1033) are the common woody species on the hills. P. badamica grows in association with Cleome viscosa Linnaeus (1753: 672), Heliotropium strigosum Willdenow (1798: 743), Mollugo nudicaulis Lamarck (1786: 234), Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lamarck, (1793: 129), P. oleracea, P. oleracea var. linearifolia, P. pilosa, P. quadrifida, P. tuberosa and P. wightiana.</p> <p>Notes:— It is interesting to note that this species usually produces cleistogamous flowers. Chasmogamous flowers were rarely observed on plants in its habitat. Cleistogamous flowers produce plenty of fertile seeds. The species completes its life cycle in 2–3 months during the rainy season. It was missed by botanists probably due to its short life cycle and restricted distribution.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A509732112175590A91953730C2FD59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dalavi, Jagdish;Deshmukh, Pradip;Jadhav, Varsha;Yadav, Shrirang	Dalavi, Jagdish, Deshmukh, Pradip, Jadhav, Varsha, Yadav, Shrirang (2018): Two new species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 376 (1): 68-76, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.376.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.376.1.7
2A5097321124755A0A91977F32A3FD74.text	2A5097321124755A0A91977F32A3FD74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Portulaca lakshminarasimhaniana S. R. Yadav & Dalavi 2018	<div><p>Portulaca lakshminarasimhaniana S.R. Yadav &amp; Dalavi sp. nov. (FIGURE 3. &amp; 4.)</p> <p>Type:— INDIA, Karnataka, Bagalkot District, Badami, 611 m a.s.l., 15.918955 E, 75.696699 N, 14 June 2018, Yadav, Dalavi &amp; Deshmukh JVD-1251 (holotype CAL!, isotypes BSI!, K!, SUK!).</p> <p>Diagnosis:— Portulaca lakshminarasimhaniana differs from P. suffrutescens Engelmann (1881: 236) by its non-tuberous root (as against tuberous root), stem scabrous with scaly bark (as against smooth stem without scaly bark), dark pink to red flowers (as against magenta to orange flowers), 8–15 stamens (as against more than 40 stamens), strictly 4-fid style (as against 5–6-fid style) and oblong capsules (as against sub-globose capsules) (TABLE 2.)</p> <p>Description:— Perennial scandent much branched woody subshrubs, 20–80 cm in height. Tap root non-tuberous, fibrous, 10–20 × 0.5–1.0 cm, brownish, hard. Stem 20–70 × 0.5–1.0 cm, scandent, much branched, woody, and scabrous with scaly bark. Leaves 1–2 × 0.1–0.3 cm, linear, cylindrical, turgid, succulent, tapering at both ends, glabrous, green, petiolate; petiole short; with a line hair in leaf axil. Inflorescence 2–4-flowered, flowers in terminal sessile clusters surrounded by 3–4 involucral leaves. Flowers c. 1.0– 1.5 cm across, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite, sessile, pink to red with dark red throat. Calyx bi-sepalous, sepals 3–4 × 1–2 mm, ovate, connate at base, acuminate at apex, thin, transparent, pale pink to yellow, glabrous with entire margin. Petals 4–5, obovate, 4–6 × 2.0– 3.5 mm, acuminate at apex, thin delicate, transparent. Stamens 8–15, free, adnate to the base of petals forming a ring around the ovary; anthers bithecous, 1 mm long, yellow, dehiscing via longitudinal slits; filaments 2–3 mm long, free, basally connate, glabrous. Gynoecium 3–4 carpellary, syncarpous; ovary 2–3 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, globose, glabrous; style 3–4 mm, 4-fid, glabrous; stigmas slightly coiled, papillate. Fruit a circumscissile capsule, 4–5 × 1–2 mm, oblong, glabrous, upper dome is two times longer than basal disc. Seeds 20–30 per capsule, 0.7–0.9 mm in diameter, ovoid with unique shiny golden luster and stellate cells throughout the surface.</p> <p>Phenology:— Flowering time June–September, fruiting time July–October.</p> <p>Etymology:— The specific epithet lakshminarasimhaniana honors Dr.Pakshirajan Lakshminarashimhan, Scientist ‘E’ and Head of office of Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Circle, Pune, for his significant contribution in Plant Taxonomy.</p> <p>Distribution:— Portulaca lakshminarasimhaniana is so far collected from rocky plateaus of Badami Hills. The species is sparsely distributed in the area. It grows in crevices of rocks and in bushes.</p> <p>Conservation status:— Extent of occurrence of Portulaca lakshminarasimhaniana is estimated to be less than 100 km 2. Thus it can be assessed as Critically Endangered [criterion B1ab (i-v)] according to IUCN (2012). Grazing pressure is the major threat to the species.</p> <p>Habitat:— Portulaca lakshminarasimhaniana usually grows in rocky crevices taking shelter of small bushes, together with Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) Bentham (1830: 1300), Canthium coromandelicum Alston (1931: 152), Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arnott (1834: 271), Euphorbia caducifolia, Kalanchoe olivacea Dalzell (1861: 313), Portulaca tuberosa and Tragus mongolorum Ohwi (1948: 268).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A5097321124755A0A91977F32A3FD74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dalavi, Jagdish;Deshmukh, Pradip;Jadhav, Varsha;Yadav, Shrirang	Dalavi, Jagdish, Deshmukh, Pradip, Jadhav, Varsha, Yadav, Shrirang (2018): Two new species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 376 (1): 68-76, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.376.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.376.1.7
