identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
291D9614A96FB728D9D5FB9BFC80F8FD.text	291D9614A96FB728D9D5FB9BFC80F8FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnopholus	<div><p>Gymnopholus subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller 1914</p><p>Type-species: Rhinoscapha wichmanni Heller, 1914, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Rostrum (Figs. 9–12) dorsally with median furrow. Scrobe in straight line to front margin of eye (curved ventrad in Rhinoscapha). Pronotum (Figs. 13–16) simple or with shallow median impression (with deep median impression and / or pair of sublateral knobs in most species of Gymnopholus s.s. and Symbiopholus). Elytra elongate, median suture fused (free in other species of Eupholini except Penthoscapha gerhardschereri Riedel); ultimate elytral apex above abdominal ventrite 5 with ridges forming M- or Ω-like structure (Figs. 17–20) (in apical 1/3 with more or less distinct pair of knobs or protrusions in Gymnopholus s.s. and Symbiopholus). Penis (Figs. 21–24) with asymmetrical apical tip (with symmetrical, pointed tip in Gymnopholus s.s. and Symbiopholus).</p><p>Redescription. Males. Length. Total length 20.0– 27.5 mm; pronotum + elytron 11.5–22.0 mm. Body subglabrous or with vestiture of scales and setae bearing encrustations of algae.</p><p>Head sparsely setose or subglabrous, shining or with faint lustre; frons between eyes 0.86–1.05 X as wide as vertical diameter of eye, at middle with fovea where rostral median furrow ends. Eyes moderately to markedly prominent from outline of head. Vertical diameter of eye 1.42–1.73 X horizontal diameter. Gena short, shorter than or subequal to vertical diameter of eye (0.49–1.22 X), with sides converging.</p><p>Rostrum moderately long (Figs. 9–12), ca. 1.41–1.46 X longer than wide at base. Epistome heart-shaped, posteriorly well delimited against dorsum of rostrum. Dorsum with median furrow and with or without pair of sublateral furrows; without median ridge. Scrobe in straight line to front margin of eye. Ventral surface of rostrum along midline with densely setose furrow, behind prementum with fringe of ca. 6 long stout bristles.</p><p>Antenna. Funicle + club 1.45–1.94 X length of scape; scape and funicle sparsely setose with thin recumbent and thicker dehiscent setae; club long, 3.55–4.08 X as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum ca. as long as wide (1.04–1.14 X wider than long); sides subparallel, subapically weakly converging; disc with shallow median impression. Scutellar shield externally small but distinct, subglabrous, shape intraspecifically variable, oblong, hourglass-shaped or subtriangular.</p><p>Elytral suture medially fused. Elytron 3.91–4.53 X longer than wide between humeri; greatest width in front of middle, 1.04–1.24 X wider than between humeri; striae externally effaced; epipleural edge simple, or with indistinct fringe of setae (in G. inexspectatus sp. n.); ultimate elytral apex (above abdominal ventrite 5) with ridges forming M- or Ω-like structure (Figs. 17–20). Ala (Fig. 36) vestigial, narrow, length 9. 0–10 mm, 0.53–0.59 X length of elytron.</p><p>Legs. Femora weakly clavate with shallow subapical construction or almost subparallel, unarmed, moderately long. Metafemur in repose reaching elytral apex or distinctly shorter. Tibiae with sparse suberect bristles and denticles, more densely on ventral surface; apically with small mucro; metatibia apically with distinct, sparsely to densely setose bevel. Tarsi moderately long, relatively wide, tarsomere 1 of metatarsus 1.4–1.6 X as long as wide, tarsomere 2 0.6–0.9 X as long as wide.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrite 1–2 medially concave or flat; apical margin of ventrite 5 broadly convex. Genitalia. Aedeagus (Figs. 21–24) with sides converging from base to apex; apical orifice near middle of body of penis; apex extended into more or less widened, slightly asymmetrical apical tip; in profile body of penis sinuate with body curved ventrad, apical tip gently curved dorsad. Transfer apparatus (Figs. 33–34) of endophallus relatively short, sting-like, ca. 1.3–1.6 X [in G. wichmanni 1.6X] as long as width at base.</p><p>Females. Same as males except: size larger, total length 22.0–31.0 mm; pronotum + elytron 17.0– 26.5 mm. Rostrum ca. 1.34–1.45 X longer than wide at base. Elytron wider, both laterally and dorsally more convex; 3.79– 4.55 X longer than wide between humeri, 1.04–1.30 X wider than between humeri; apices of both elytra jointly rounded. Abdomen. Ventrite 1–2 medially convex; ventrite 5 subtriangular, apically narrowly rounded. Terminalia. Sternite VIII (Figs. 2 7–28). Hemisternite (Fig. 31–32) 1.9–2.3 X as long as high, apical half subtrapezoid, apically with broad angulate notch. Stylus 2.0–2.5 X as long as wide, apically with pointed brush of stiff setae directed laterad. Vagina (Figs. 25–26) in posterior half between hemisternites with pair of somewhat indistinct elongate sclerites. Ductus spermathecae almost isodiametric, inserted at junction of bursa copulatrix and oviduct. Spermatheca (Figs. 29–30) with gland ca. 2 X as long as body.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/291D9614A96FB728D9D5FB9BFC80F8FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Riedel, Alexander;Kilmaskossu, Agust	Riedel, Alexander, Kilmaskossu, Agust (2017): Revision of the subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller of Gymnopholus Heller (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Entiminae, Eupholini) and a new species with epizoic symbiosis from West New Guinea. Zootaxa 4254 (3): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.3
291D9614A966B726D9D5F8D1FA4EFEB9.text	291D9614A966B726D9D5F8D1FA4EFEB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niphetoscapha Heller	<div><p>Key to the species of Niphetoscapha Heller</p><p>1 Elytron and pronotum with irregular rough sculpture composed of wrinkles, pits and tubercles, densely covered with scales and setae more or less obscured by greenish encrustations (Figs. 5–6)..................... G. inexspectatus Riedel sp. n.</p><p>– Elytron and pronotum with weak sculpture, at most coriaceous; at most elytron partially squamose.................... 2</p><p>2 Elytra with subapical tubercles distinct, laterally projecting; surface rather polished; base usually with fovea filled with brownish exudates (Fig.39)............................................................................ G. nitidus</p><p>– Elytra with subapical tubercles indistinct, weakly projecting; surface dull, and / or partly squamose; base without fovea filled with brownish exudates................................................................................. 3</p><p>3 Elytral intervals 4–6 longitudinally impressed and sparsely squamose. Pronotum smooth, weakly punctate (Fig. 16).................................................................................................. G. wichmanni</p><p>– Elytron without longitudinal impression; with coriaceous sculpture, without scales. Pronotum punctate-granulate (Fig. 13)................................................................................................ G. audax</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/291D9614A966B726D9D5F8D1FA4EFEB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Riedel, Alexander;Kilmaskossu, Agust	Riedel, Alexander, Kilmaskossu, Agust (2017): Revision of the subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller of Gymnopholus Heller (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Entiminae, Eupholini) and a new species with epizoic symbiosis from West New Guinea. Zootaxa 4254 (3): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.3
291D9614A967B725D9D5F8C1FA96FA5F.text	291D9614A967B725D9D5F8C1FA96FA5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) audax Gressitt	<div><p>Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) audax Gressitt</p><p>(Figs. 1–2, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 28, 31, 42)</p><p>Gymnopholus (Symbiopholus) audax Gressitt, 1966: 254 (type locality: Itouda, Kamo valley).</p><p>Diagnosis. Body nude except antennal scrobe densely squamose. Pronotum punctate-granulate. Elytra with shallow transverse wrinkles; without distinct subapical tubercles.</p><p>Redescription. Males (Fig. 1). Length. Total length 23.5–27.5 mm (n=6, x =25.8 ± 1.5); pronotum + elytron 18.5–21.7 mm (n=6, x =20.1 ± 1.1).</p><p>Color of integument black; body largely nude.</p><p>Head (Fig. 9) dull, microreticulate, punctulate, with minute setae; between eyes 0.85 X as wide as vertical diameter of eye. Eyes weakly prominent from outline of head. Gena ca. half as long (0.53 X) as vertical diameter of eye.</p><p>Rostrum (Fig. 9) 2.11–2.45 X longer than wide at base (n=6, x =2.27 ± 0.13); maximum width in front of antennal insertion 1.41–1.56 X width at base (n=6, x =1.47 ± 0.06). Dorsum with marked median impression and shallow pair of dorsolateral furrows nude; antennal scrobes densely clothed with scales and brown encrustations.</p><p>Antenna. Funicle + club 1.56–1.69 X length of scape (n=8, x =1.64 ± 0.05); club 3.88 X as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum 1.04 X longer than wide; sides subparallel, subapically weakly converging; disc nude, dull, microreticulate, towards sides weakly tuberculate, with coarse punctures; medially with shallow impression. Thoracic venter subglabrous, with sparse thin setae; mesoventrite and mesocoxae with dense recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytron 4.12–4.44 X longer than wide between humeri (n=6, x =4.25 ± 0.11), at greatest width 1.08–1.24 X wider than between humeri (n=6, x =1.14 ± 0.06); sides converging to apex; almost nude, subapically with sparse short setae; surface dull, with distinct coriaceous sculpture, without coarse wrinkles; intervals 4–6 in basal third with impression devoid of setae or associated glands; epipleural edge with very sparse fringe of setae; apical declivity at suture with blunt knob continued laterad by Omega-shaped ridge.</p><p>Legs. Surface coriaceous, densely provided with granules and stiff, suberect setae. Femora weakly clavate, moderately long; metafemur in repose not reaching elytral apex.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrite 1–2 medially flat; with sparse, long setae; ventrite 5 flat, subapically densely setose. Penis (Fig. 21) with asymmetrical apical tip moderately widened. Transfer apparatus ca. 1.7 X as long as wide at base.</p><p>Females (Fig. 2). Same as males except: Length. Total length 24.5–31.0 mm (n=6, x =28.6 ± 2.6); pronotum + elytron 20.5–26.5 mm (n=6, x =23.1 ± 2.2). Rostrum 1.95–2.50 X longer than wide at base (n=6, x =2.27 ± 0.13); maximum width in front of antennal insertion 1.38–1.44 X width at base (n=6, x =1.41 ± 0.03). Elytron wider, 4.00–4.48 X longer than wide between humeri (n=6, x =4.24 ± 0.18), at greatest width 1.13–1.30 X wider than between humeri (n=6, x =1.20 ± 0.06); sides more rounded.</p><p>Intraspecific variation. Elytral surface nude or sparsely setose with suberect, brownish bristles; presumably, bristles worn-off in nude specimens; one single specimen with inconspicuous coverage of recumbent scales; surface smooth or markedly coriaceous.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=137.01666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.7333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 137.01666/lat -3.7333333)">Material</a> examined. WEST NEW GUINEA, Paniai Reg.: 10 males, 7 females, Bilogay [E 137° 01´S 03° 44´], 2100–2200 m, 22–30.XII.1995 (ARC, SMNK) ; 2 males, Bilogay, Tigipigu, 2100–2400 m, 23.XII.1995 (ARC, SMNK) ; 1 male, 4 females, Bilogay—Bilai, 2100–2300 m, 1.I.1996 (ARC, SMNK) .</p><p>Other material recorded. WEST NEW GUINEA, Paniai Reg.: Holotype, male, Itouda, 1550 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.33333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.33333/lat -3.9166667)">Kamo valley</a>, nr. Wissel Lakes, 13.VIII.1955 (BPBM 6830) (Gressitt, 1966); 1, Enarotali [E 136° 20´S 03° 55´] , 1900 m, 25.VI.1962; 22, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.6666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat -3.6666667)">Araboebivak</a> [E 136° 40´S 03° 40´] and Paniai, 10.IX–4.XI.1939 (Gressitt &amp; Sedlacek, 1967).</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 42). Paniai Reg. (Enarotali, Kamo valley, Bilai, Bilogay). Elevation: 1550–2100 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/291D9614A967B725D9D5F8C1FA96FA5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Riedel, Alexander;Kilmaskossu, Agust	Riedel, Alexander, Kilmaskossu, Agust (2017): Revision of the subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller of Gymnopholus Heller (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Entiminae, Eupholini) and a new species with epizoic symbiosis from West New Guinea. Zootaxa 4254 (3): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.3
291D9614A964B723D9D5F9E1FD13FCDB.text	291D9614A964B723D9D5F9E1FD13FCDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) inexspectatus Riedel	<div><p>Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) inexspectatus Riedel sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 5–6, 11, 15, 20, 23, 26, 28, 29, 32–33, 36, 40, 41)</p><p>Diagnosis. Elytron and pronotum with irregular rough sculpture composed of wrinkles, pits and tubercles; densely covered with scales and setae; partly with greenish to brownish encrustations.</p><p>Description. Holotype, male (Fig. 5). Length. Total length 23.5 mm; pronotum + elytron 18.5 mm.</p><p>Color of integument black, pronotum and elytron densely setose-squamose with encrustations of algae or lichens, in live specimens greenish, in dry specimens brownish; venter shining, legs and head dull and sparsely setose.</p><p>Head (Fig. 11) dull, densely punctate, microreticulate, sparsely setose; between eyes ca. as wide as vertical diameter of eye (1.01 X). Eyes markedly prominent from outline of head. Gena 1.09 X as long as vertical diameter of eye.</p><p>Rostrum (Fig.11) 2.50 X longer than wide at base; maximum width in front of antennal insertion 1.42 X width at base. Dorsum with marked median impression; pair of distinct dorsolateral furrows and antennal scrobes clothed with scales and brown encrustations.</p><p>Antenna. Funicle + club 1.66 X length of scape; club 4.08 X as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum 1.14 X longer than wide; sides gently sinuate, widest in apical half; vestiture of dense recumbent scales and sparse suberect scales, partly covered by encrustations; disc with irregular tubercles, some clothed by vestiture, others nude; in basal half with narrow, median impression, in anterior half with wider, roundish pit. Thoracic venter setose with thin setae not concealing surface; mesoventrite and mesocoxae with dense recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytron 4.10 X longer than wide between humeri; at greatest width 1.12 X wider than between humeri; sides subparallel; surface with vestiture of dense recumbent scales and sparse suberect scales, partly covered by encrustations; with coarse irregular transverse wrinkles obscuring indistinct striae; without longitudinal ridges; epipleural edge with indistinct fringe of setae; at apical declivity (Fig. 20) intervals 1–3 with transverse ridge; subapically intervals 3 and 9 with longitudinal ridges meeting at acute angle; apical declivity without distinct protrusions or knobs.</p><p>Legs. Surface dull, microreticulate, punctate; with minute, recumbent setae and with long, yellowish, suberect bristles. Femora relatively long, parallel-sided; metafemur in repose reaching elytral apex.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrite 1–2 medially concave; with sparse, long setae; ventrite 5 flat, subapically densely setose. Penis (Fig. 23) with asymmetrical apical tip slender. Transfer apparatus (Fig. 33) ca. 1.5 X as long as wide at base.</p><p>Allotype, female (Fig. 6). Same as holotype except: Length. Total length 27 mm; pronotum + elytron 22 mm. Elytron wider, 3.88 X longer than wide between humeri, at greatest width 1.10 X wider than between humeri.</p><p>Intraspecific variation. Length. Total length of males 22.5–27.5 mm (n=6, x =24.3 ± 1.8), of females 27.0–30.0 mm (n=6, x =28.6 ± 1.3); pronotum + elytron of males 18.5–22.0 mm (n=6, x =19.8 ± 1.5), of females 22.0–25.0 mm (n=6, x =23.4 ± 1.2). Coloration of life specimens usually green and dominated by algal encrustations turning brown in dry collection specimens; amount of algal or lichen encrustations variable; recumbent scales of elytral grooves visible or fully covered by encrustations. Rostrum of males 2.50–2.71 X longer than wide at base (n=6, x =2.59 ± 0.08), of females 2.05–2.40 X longer than wide at base (n=6, x =2.24 ± 0.11); maximum width in males 1.42–1.56 X width at base (n=6, x =1.52 ± 0.05), in females 1.45–1.47 X width at base (n=6, x =1.46 ± 0.01). Antenna. Funicle + club 1.45–1.71 X length of scape (n=12, x =1.56 ± 0.08). Pronotum with shallow median groove wide or narrow, more or less distinct; submedian tubercles more or less numerous, more or less distinct. Elytron of males 3.92–4.55 X longer than wide between humeri (n=6, x =4.21 ± 0.21), at greatest width 1.04–1.15 X wider than between humeri (n=6, x =1.11 ± 0.04); elytron of females 3.88–4.16 X longer than wide between humeri (n=6, x =3.96 ± 0.19), at greatest width 1.09–1.20 X wider than between humeri (n=6, x =1.13 ± 0.04); elytral sculpture more distinct in specimens from Bilogay in which transverse wrinkles and grooves are deep, partly tuberculate; elytral transverse wrinkles in specimens from other localities more gentle, in some specimens almost absent; shape of suberect elytral scales relatively short, almond-shaped, or longer, lanceolate.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: WEST NEW GUINEA, Paniai Reg., Sinak [E 137° 51´S 03° 50´], 2000–2200 m, 14–17.XII.1995 (MZB) . Paratypes: WEST NEW GUINEA, Paniai Reg.: 3 males, 5 female (1 marked as “ allotype ”), same data as holotype (ARC, SMNK); 1 female, Sinak, Tuput, 2900 m, 12.XII.1995 (ARC); 3 males, 1 female, Sinak, trail to Ilaga, 2100–2500 m, 15.XII.1995 (ARC); 3 males, 3 females, Bilogay [E 137° 01´S 03° 44´], Tigipigu, 2100–2400 m, 23.XII.1995 (ARC, SMNK); Jayawijaya Reg.: 6 males, 3 females, Mulia [E 137°57´S 03°44´], (S), Wuyuneeri, 1900–2200 m, 6–7.VII.1994 (ARC, SMNK). Other material not included in type series: Jayawijaya Reg.: 1 female, Tiom, Wanuga, 2750–2900 m, 8.XII.1995 (ARC); 1 male, Wanuga—Kwiyawagi, 2750–3000 m, 9.XII.1995 (ARC); 1 ex (ARC 2636), W Wamena, road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.81749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.81749/lat -4.1376)">Lake Habbema</a>, S04° 08.256´E138° 49.049´, 2770 m, 20-VII-2010 (SMNK) ; 2 exx (ARC2641, ARC2642), N Wamena, Poga, S03° 47.575´E138° 33.155´to S03° 47.473´E138° 33.163´, 2620–2715 m, 15-VII-2010 (SMNK).</p><p>Other material reported. WEST NEW GUINEA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=137.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 137.76666/lat -3.65)">Mokndoma</a>, S 03° 39´E 137° 46´(photographic evidence, see fig. 40a–b).</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 41). Paniai Reg. (Sinak, Bilogay), Jayawijaya Reg. (Lake Habbema, Tiom, Mulia). Elevation: 2200–2900 m.</p><p>Etymology. This epithet is based on Latin participle inexspectatus (unexpected) and refers to the first discovery of a Gymnopholus species with epizoic symbiosis in West New Guinea leaving a wide distributional gap to similar species in the Eastern half of the island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/291D9614A964B723D9D5F9E1FD13FCDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Riedel, Alexander;Kilmaskossu, Agust	Riedel, Alexander, Kilmaskossu, Agust (2017): Revision of the subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller of Gymnopholus Heller (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Entiminae, Eupholini) and a new species with epizoic symbiosis from West New Guinea. Zootaxa 4254 (3): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.3
291D9614A962B721D9D5F902FCD1FF52.text	291D9614A962B721D9D5F902FCD1FF52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) nitidus Gressitt & Sedlacek	<div><p>Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) nitidus Gressitt &amp; Sedlacek</p><p>(Figs. 3–4, 10, 14, 18, 22, 34, 39, 42)</p><p>Gymnopholus (Symbiopholus) nitidus Gressitt &amp; Sedlacek, 1967: 494 (type locality: Ibele valley).</p><p>Diagnosis. Body subglabrous, with sparse, thin setae. Elytra with subapical tubercles distinct, laterally projecting; elytral base usually with fovea filled with brownish exudates.</p><p>Redescription. Males (Fig. 3). Length. Total length 20.0– 25.5 mm (n=6, x =23.7 ± 2.0); pronotum + elytron 11.5–20.0 mm (n=6, x =17.1 ± 3.6).</p><p>Color of integument black; body almost nude.</p><p>Head (Fig. 10) weakly microreticulate, punctulate, between eyes subequal (1.01 X) to vertical diameter of eye. Eyes weakly prominent from outline of head. Gena ca. half as long (0.48 X) as vertical diameter of eye.</p><p>Rostrum (Fig. 10) 1.99–2.48 X longer than wide at base (n=6, x =2.20 ± 0.19); maximum width in front of antennal insertion 1.33–1.49 X width at base (n=6, x =1.43 ± 0.07). Dorsum nude, with marked median impression; without dorsolateral furrows; antennal scrobes subglabrous, sparsely setose.</p><p>Antenna. Funicle + club 1.60–1.94 X length of scape (n=8, x =1.77 ± 0.13); club 3.78 X as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum 1.09 X longer than wide; sides weakly sinuate, widest in apical half; disc nude, densely punctate with minute punctures interspersed with coarse punctures; sides transversely rugose; medially with shallow impression. Thoracic venter subglabrous, with sparse thin setae; mesoventrite and mesocoxae with dense recumbent setae.</p><p>Elytron 3.91–4.32 X longer than wide between humeri (n=6, x =4.10 ± 0.15), at greatest width 1.07–1.15 X wider than between humeri (n=6, x =1.10 ± 0.04); sides weakly converging to subtruncate apex; almost nude, with sparse long setae; surface polished, with scattered punctures, but without distinct microsculpture or wrinkles; intervals 4–6 basally beside humerus with deep impression containing orange substance (Fig. 39), presumably produced by glands; epipleural edge simple, without fringe of setae; apical declivity at suture with blunt knob, further ventrad with pair of distinct, laterally projecting knobs.</p><p>Legs. Surface somewhat shining, densely provided with granules and thin suberect setae. Femora weakly clavate, moderately long; metafemur in repose not reaching elytral apex.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrite 1–2 medially concave; subglabrous, with sparse, thin setae; ventrite 5 flat, subapically densely setose. Penis (Fig. 22) with asymmetrical apical tip markedly widened. Transfer apparatus (Fig. 34) ca. 1.6 X as long as wide at base.</p><p>Females (Fig. 4). Same as males except: Length. Total length 23.0–29.0 mm (n=6, x =26.3 ± 2.4); pronotum + elytron 17.0– 23.5 mm (n=6, x =20.5 ± 2.6). Rostrum 1.46–2.02 X longer than wide at base (n=6, x =1.78 ± 0.21); maximum width in front of antennal insertion 1.23–1.36 X width at base (n=6, x =1.31 ± 0.06).</p><p>Elytron wider, 3.79–4.11 X longer than wide between humeri (n=6, x =4.01 ± 0.12), at greatest width 1.10–1.19 X wider than between humeri (n=6, x =1.14 ± 0.03); sides more rounded.</p><p>Intraspecific variation. Elytral surface usually sparsely setose with suberect, shorter or longer setae, worn-off in older specimens; shape and depth of fovea at elytral base variable, larger or smaller, in some specimens completely absent; exudates usually but not always present in fovea of elytra base.</p><p>Material examined. WEST NEW GUINEA, Jayawijaya Reg.: 5 males, 1 female, Kwiyawagi, 2750 m, 9– 10.XII.1995 (ARC) ; 3 males, 1 female, Wanuga—Kwiyawagi [S03 58´E138° 20´], 2750–3000 m, 9.XII.1995 (ARC); 2 females, Tiom—Wanuga, 2600–2900 m, 7.XII.1995 (ARC) ; 2 males, 1 female, Tiom, Wanuga, 2750– 2900 m, 8.XII.1995 (ARC) ; 6 males, 3 females, Moss forest between Theila and Lake Habbema, 2800–2950 m, 22.X.1993 (ARC, SMNK) ; 1 male, Theila -&gt; Lake Habbema, ca. 2000 m, 17.X.1993 (ARC) ; 4 males, 5 females, Theila, 2500 m, 23.X.1993 (ARC, SMNK) ; 2 females, Jiwika -&gt; Wandaku [S03° 56.5’ E138° 57.1’], 1700–2300 m, 2.IX.1991 (ARC); 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.08333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.08333/lat -3.85)">Pass Valley</a> [E 139°05´S 03° 51´], 1900 m, 15–16.IX.1990 (ARC) ; 3 males, 1 female, Ilugwa [E 138° 55´S 03° 51´], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.91667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.91667/lat -3.85)">Melanggama</a>, 1900–2200 m, 9–12.IX.1990 ; 17 males, 16 females, Yohosim—Kiroma, 2500–2700 m, 13.XI.1991 (ARC, SMNK) ; 8 males, 6 females, Kiroma [S04 14.83´E139° 10.77´], ca. 2500 m, 13.IX.1991 (ARC); 2 males, 2 females, Kiroma—Gn. Elit, ca. 2800–3300 m, 14.IX.1991 (ARC) ; 1 male, N Wamena, Poga [E 138° 32´S 03° 50´], 2100–2500 m, 6–7.IV.1999 (ARC); 2 exx (ARC 2637, ARC 2638), W Wamena, road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.81749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.81749/lat -4.1376)">Lake Habbema</a>, S04° 08.256´E138° 49.049´, 2770 m, 20-VII-2010 (SMNK) ; 2 exx (ARC2640, ARC2643), N Wamena, Poga, S03° 47.575´E138° 33.155´to S03° 47.473´E138° 33.163´, 2620– 2715 m, 15-VII-2010 (SMNK).</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.71666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.71666/lat -4.0)">Other</a> material reported. WEST NEW GUINEA, Jayawijaya Reg.: Holotype, male, Moss forest camp [E 138° 43´S 04° 00´], 2600–2800, 9.X.–5.XI.1938, Neth. Ind.-Amer.-New Guinea Exped. (BPBM 7461); 21 paratypes, same data as holotype ; 11 paratypes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.71666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.71666/lat -4.0)">Moss forest</a> camp [E 138° 43´S 04° 00´], 2850 m, 23.VIII.1938 ; 1 female, Iebele Camp, 2250 m (NNML); 22 paratypes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.76666/lat -3.9666667)">Iebele Camp</a> [E 138° 46´S 03° 58´], 2250 m ; 1 paratype, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.66667/lat -4.133333)">Lake Habbema</a> [E 138° 40´S 04° 08´], 3250–3300 m, ult.VII-ult. VIII.1938. (Gressitt &amp; Sedlacek, 1967).</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 42). Paniai Reg. (Kwiyawagi, Tiom, Poga, area below Lake Habbema, Ibele, Ilugwa, Jiwika, Pass Valley, Kiroma). Elevation: 1900–2800 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/291D9614A962B721D9D5F902FCD1FF52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Riedel, Alexander;Kilmaskossu, Agust	Riedel, Alexander, Kilmaskossu, Agust (2017): Revision of the subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller of Gymnopholus Heller (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Entiminae, Eupholini) and a new species with epizoic symbiosis from West New Guinea. Zootaxa 4254 (3): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.3
291D9614A960B720D9D5FB84FD96FA46.text	291D9614A960B720D9D5FB84FD96FA46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) wichmanni (Heller) Heller	<div><p>Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) wichmanni (Heller)</p><p>(Figs. 7–8, 12, 16, 19, 24, 37–38, 41)</p><p>Rhinoscapha (Niphetoscapha) wichmanni Heller, 1914: 645 (type locality: Hellwig Mountains).</p><p>Diagnosis. Pronotum nude, weakly punctate, without distinct granules. Elytral intervals 4–6 with longitudinal impression; longitudinal impressions and subapical portion sparsely squamose.</p><p>Redescription. Paralectotype, male (Fig. 7). Length. Total length 25.0 mm; pronotum + elytron 20.0 mm.</p><p>Color dull black, portions of head, pronotum and base of elytra greyish due to age related degradation of cuticle; antennal scape and funicle ferruginous; elytra partly with brownish encrustations presumably consisting of algae or lichens, especially in apical half and in basal portion of longitudinal impressions; venter almost nude, with sparse setae.</p><p>Head (Fig. 12) dull, dorsally nude, with sparse coarse punctures, laterally coriaceous, sparsely setose with short recumbent setae; between eyes 1.05 X as wide as vertical diameter of eye. Eyes moderately prominent from outline of head. Gena 1.22 X as long as vertical diameter of eye.</p><p>Rostrum (Fig. 12) 2.54 X longer than wide at base; maximum width in front of antennal insertion 1.46 X width at base. Dorsum with shallow median impression, without dorsolateral furrows; sparsely punctate with coarse punctures, nude, but presumably scales abraded.</p><p>Antenna. Funicle + club 1.64 X length of scape; club 3.55 X as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum 1.13 X longer than wide; sides gently sinuate, widest in apical half; disc dull, punctulate, with larger interspersed punctures, without wrinkles or denticles, nude; with shallow median impression, most distinct in apical half. Thoracic venter. Metanepisternite anteriorly with white recumbent scales. Mesoventrite granulate-punctate, with long erect setae; metaventrite sparsely denticulate, sparsely setose with suberect setae not concealing surface.</p><p>Elytron 4.53 X longer than wide between humeri; at greatest width 1.18 X wider than between humeri; sides subparallel, weakly rounded; surface dull, coriaceous, without transverse wrinkles; medially dorsally flattened, in basal half intervals 4–6 with longitudinal impression; epipleural edge simple, without fringe of setae; apical declivity at suture with blunt knob, further ventrad with pair of sublateral knobs.</p><p>Legs. Surface dull, punctulate, with numerous granules, with sparse suberect setae. Femora moderately long; metafemur in repose not reaching elytral apex.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrite 1–2 medially concave, weakly punctate, sparsely setose; ventrite 5 flat, subapically with densely setose patch. Penis (Fig. 24) with asymmetrical apical tip moderately wide.</p><p>Lectotype, female (Fig. 8). Same as paralectotype except: Length. Total length 29.0 mm; pronotum + elytron 25.0 mm. Color black, without grey areas of degraded cuticle; integument partly covered with brownish scales and encrustations. Head between eyes 1.07 X as wide as vertical diameter of eye. Rostrum (Fig. 12) 2.56 X longer than wide at base; maximum width in front of antennal insertion 1.44 X width at base. Dorsum with shallow median impression, in basal half with pair of weak dorsolateral furrows; laterally with sparse erect scales, antennal scrobes clothed with scales and brown encrustations. Antenna. Funicle + club 1.63 X length of scape; club 3.15 X as long as wide. Thorax. Pronotum 1.05 X longer than wide. Elytron 4.28 X longer than wide between humeri; at greatest width 1.20 X wider than between humeri; side moderately rounded; surface markedly coriaceous; apex and longitudinal impressions of intervals 4–6 with dense recumbent scales, sparsely interspersed with short erect scales, with brownish encrustations; knobs at apical declivity (Fig. 19) more distinct, forming horseshoe-shaped swelling. Abdomen. Ventrite 1–2 convex, medially flat; ventrite 5 subglabrous, sparsely setose.</p><p>Material examined. Lectotype (here designated), female: labels (Fig. 37): 1) [white, rectangular]: “Z. NieuwGuinea, Lorentz 1909-10 [printed], Hellwig Gebergte, 2500 M, XI.09 [handwritten]”, 2) [blue, small, quadrate] “1912 [printed], 6 [handwritten]”, 3) [red, rectangular] “Typus! [printed], wichmanni H. [handwritten on reverse side]“, 4) [white, rectangular] “Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde Desden [printed]”, 5) [red, rectangular] “LECTOTYPE, Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) wichmanni (Heller), det. A. Riedel 2014 [printed]”; condition: fair; right antennal club broken and missing; 5 eggs found in abdomen and glued to card; genitalia in glycerol, in microvial attached to pin (SMTD); paralectotype, male: labels (Fig. 38): 1) [white, rectangular]: “Z. NieuwGuinea, Lorentz 1909-10 [printed], Hellwig Gebergte, 2500 M, XI.09 [handwritten]”, 2) [blue, small, quadrate] “1912 [printed], 6 [handwritten]”, 3) [red, rectangular] “Cotypus [handwritten] “, 4) [white, rectangular] “Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde Dresden [printed]”, 5) [red, rectangular] “PARALECTOTYPE, Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) wichmanni (Heller), det. A. Riedel 2014 [printed]”; condition: fair; specimen abraded and showing age-related degeneration of cuticle; genitalia glued to card (SMTD).</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 41). To date only known from the type specimens. Based on the data from the map given by Nouhuys (1914) and Google Earth the approximate coordinates of the type locality are E 138°43.963´S 4° 30.952´, about 25 km linear distance south of Mt. Trikora.</p><p>Notes. The two syntypes at hand differ somewhat morphologically. Heller (1914) did not mention the total number of specimens, so other syntypes may exist. He marked the female as “type”, the male as “cotype” but he did not mention these terms in the original publication. To ensure stability of nomenclature the female marked by Heller as “type” is here designated as lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/291D9614A960B720D9D5FB84FD96FA46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Riedel, Alexander;Kilmaskossu, Agust	Riedel, Alexander, Kilmaskossu, Agust (2017): Revision of the subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller of Gymnopholus Heller (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Entiminae, Eupholini) and a new species with epizoic symbiosis from West New Guinea. Zootaxa 4254 (3): 339-356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.3
