identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
281D4173FFAAFFDBAEC4793CFB47436B.text	281D4173FFAAFFDBAEC4793CFB47436B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius bakeri Cushman 1922	<div><p>Apophysius bakeri Cushman, 1922</p><p>(Figure 1a)</p><p>Apophysius bakeri Cushman, 1922 . Philippine Jour. Sci. 20: 589. Holotype: female (USNM): Philippines: Mt Makiling, Luzon; USNM24059.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female (as above) (sources: NMNH - Entomology Dept., Smithsonian Institution. “Smithsonian Learning Lab Resource: Apophysius bakeri Cushman, 1922 .” Smithsonian Learning Lab, Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access, 14 April 2019. learninglab.si.edu/q/r/3654768. Accessed 7 June 2019); 1 male (NHMUK), PHILIPPINES: Laguna, Los Baños, H. &amp; M. Townes coll., 1 October 1954.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body (including antenna and wings) largely black with pale yellow markings (Fig. 1a); area superomedia not produced, in same plane as area basalis. The wings of the male are paler, with the infuscation strongest anterodistally.</p><p>Distribution. Philippines, only known from Laguna Province (Cushman 1922; Baltazar 1966).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFAAFFDBAEC4793CFB47436B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFAAFFDBAEC47E25FCFB40B6.text	281D4173FFAAFFDBAEC47E25FCFB40B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius Cushman 1922	<div><p>Apophysius Cushman, 1922</p><p>Apophysius Cushman, 1922 . Philippine Jour. Sci. 20: 587.</p><p>Type species: Apophysius bakeri Cushman by original description.</p><p>Diagnosis. Apophysius is characterized by numerous apomorphies. Head and mesosoma densely covered with long blond setae; apical margin of clypeus broadly convex, with two small projections at the center; upper mandibular tooth larger and much longer than lower tooth; occipital carina complete; mesoscutum with notauli indistinct; subtegular ridge sharp, laterally expanded in dorsal view; posterior edge of mesoscutum with suture before scutoscutellar groove; propodeum with four tubercles (apophyses) at intersections of lateral longitudinal carinae with anterior and posterior transverse carinae; tarsal claws conspicuously pectinate proximally; fore wing with vein 3 rs-m present, almost parallel to 2 rs-m, areolet large, pentagonal, wider than high, 2 m-cu weakly angulate with one wide bulla; hind wing nervellus reclivous; first tergite long and slender, completely fused with sternite, without carinae, spiracle at middle.</p><p>Townes (1970) places Apophysius in his subtribe Bathytrichina, together with Chrysocryptus Cameron, a genus recently recorded from Vietnam (Pham et al. 2019). Species of both genera have dense, long blond setae covering the head and mesosoma and slender first metasomal segments lacking carinae. Apophysius can be distinguished from Chrysocryptus by the indistinct notauli on the mesoscutum, the presence of two instead of three projections on the clypeus, and the two sets of apophyses on the propodeum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFAAFFDBAEC47E25FCFB40B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFAAFFDEAEC47B49FB5B452E.text	281D4173FFAAFFDEAEC47B49FB5B452E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius baolocensis Pham, Matsumoto & Broad 2020	<div><p>Apophysius baolocensis Pham, Matsumoto &amp; Broad, new species</p><p>(Figures 1b, 2)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: female (OMNH), VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, Bao Loc, Dam Bri, 800 m, R. Matsumoto coll., 2 May 2000; paratype: 1 female (IEBR), same data as holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis. Reddish brown with black head dorsally; subtegular ridge sharply angled; median longitudinal stripe of mesoscutum narrow anteriorly, not expanding out of lateral longitudinal groove; scutellum strongly convex, round laterally; propodeum with area superomedia raised into a tubercle, lower than level of metanotum; wings uniformly weakly infuscate.</p><p>Description of holotype. Head. Antenna with 42 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 2.6× longer than wide, 1.5× length of second; face 0.55× as high as wide with weak impression from antennal socket toward clypeus; clypeus 0.7× as high as wide, separated from face by weak impression; malar space short, about 0.15× mandibular basal width (Fig. 2c); ocellar-ocular distance about 2.0× diameter of ocellus, 4.0× interocellar distance (Fig. 2b).</p><p>Mesosoma. Epomia strong, extending 3/4 distance to dorsal margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with dense setae, scuto-scutellar groove smooth, without weak longitudinal impression medially; scutellum strongly convex, with dense setae, lateral carina present basally (Fig. 2d), metanotum with conical projection medially; mesopleuron with sternaulus on anterior 0.45, epicnemial carina sinuous dorsally, extending to anterior margin, subtegular ridge in dorsal view sharply angled (Fig. 2b); mesosternum with posterior transverse carina strong except broad interruption at level of inner half of mid coxa; propodeum with strongly raised carinae, area superomedia projecting as a ‘horn’ but under level of metanotum, median longitudinal carinae divergent below area superomedia, with dense transverse striations connecting two carinae (Fig. 2e), propodeal spiracle oval; fore basitarsus 0.9× as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined; mid basitarsus 0.9× as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined; hind basitarsus slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–5 combined. Fore wing length 8.3 mm, vein M&amp;RS opposite 1 cu-a, vein 2 rs-m about 0.75× as long as vein 3 rs-m, hind wing with first abscissa of vein CU 1.2× as long as vein cu-a; distal ends of RS, M and CU obsolete, present as traces.</p><p>Metasoma. First tergite smooth, about 5.9× as long as posterior width, posteriorly dorsally and laterally with long setae; second tergite 0.76× as long as first tergite, 3.4× as long as anterior width, 1.8× as long as posterior width; metasoma with second tergite onward densely minutely punctate, with dense setae, shorter than setae on mesosoma; ovipositor 0.63× as long as hind tibia.</p><p>Colour. Reddish brown with black markings as follow: head dorsally, gena and occiput, posterior corner of pronotum dorsally, three longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum, scuto-scutellar groove, scutellum posteriorly, axilla, mesopleuron with a spot dorsal to sternaulus and a spot on speculum ventral to hind wing base, anterior margin of metapleuron, area basalis and at level of propodeal spiracle, and ovipositor sheath. Antenna reddish, except some distal brown flagellomeres. Fore and mid coxae, trochanters, tibiae and fore tarsomeres 1–4, anterior 0.25 of first tergite, narrow posterior stripes on tergites 1–2 yellow. Metasomal tergites dull reddish posteriorly. Sternites dull yellow, with conspicuous brown speckling (at bases of setae) particularly on sternites 3 and 4. Wings hyaline and tinged with brown.</p><p>Variation. The paratype specimen has the posterior corner of the pronotum brown dorsally</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Comparative notes. Together with A. constrictus sp. nov., these new species are unique in having the sharply angled subtegular ridge in dorsal view. Unlike A. constrictus, A. baolocensis has a partly black head, smaller black stripes on the mesopleuron, round scutellum laterally and median longitudinal carinae divergent posteriorly.</p><p>Etymology. Named after the type locality, Bao Loc District, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Lam Dong Province, Central Highlands of Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFAAFFDEAEC47B49FB5B452E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFAFFFDFAEC47D8EFAA2405A.text	281D4173FFAFFFDFAEC47D8EFAA2405A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius constrictus Pham, Matsumoto & Broad 2020	<div><p>Apophysius constrictus Pham, Matsumoto &amp; Broad, new species</p><p>(Figures 1c, 3)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: female (OMNH), VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, Bao Loc, Dam Bri, 800 m, R. Matsumoto coll., 1 May 2000; paratype: 1 male (IEBR), same data as holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis. Reddish brown with black markings; subtegular ridge sharply angled; median longitudinal stripe of mesoscutum narrow anteriorly, not expanding out of lateral longitudinal groove; scutellum strongly convex, compressed laterally; propodeum with area superomedia raised into a tubercle, distinctly higher than level of metanotum, median longitudinal carinae confluent together below area superomedia; wings uniformly weakly infuscate.</p><p>Description of holotype. Head. Antenna with 47 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 2.6× longer than wide, 1.5× length of second; dorsal margin of face with small tubercle between antennal sockets; face 0.5× as high as wide with weak impression from antennal socket toward clypeus; clypeus 0.7× as high as wide, separated from face by weak impression; malar space short, about 0.15× mandibular basal width (Fig. 3c); ocellar-ocular distance about 2.2× diameter of ocellus, 4.9× interocellar distance (Fig. 3b).</p><p>Mesosoma. Epomia strong, extending 2/3 distance to dorsal margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with dense setae, scuto-scutellar groove with weak longitudinal impression medially; scutellum strongly convex, compressed laterally, with dense setae, lateral carina present basally (Fig. 3d), metanotum with conical projection medially; mesopleuron with sternaulus on anterior 0.45, epicnemial carina sinuous dorsally, extending to anterior margin, subtegular ridge in dorsal view sharply angled; mesosternum with posterior transverse carina strong except broad interruption at level of inner half of mid coxa; propodeum with strongly raised carinae, lateromedian longitudinal carinae strongly raised posteriorly, area superomedia strongly projecting as a ‘horn’, median longitudinal carinae confluent below area superomedia (Fig. 3e), propodeal spiracle oval; fore basitarsus 0.9× as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined; mid basitarsus 0.94× as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined; hind basitarsus equal to tarsomeres 2–5 combined. Fore wing length 9.4 mm, vein M&amp;RS opposite 1 cu-a, vein 2 rs-m about 0.9× as long as vein 3 rs-m, hind wing with first abscissa of vein CU as long as vein cu-a; distal ends of RS, M and CU obsolete, present as traces.</p><p>Metasoma. First tergite smooth, about 6.1× as long as posterior width, posteriorly dorsally and laterally with long setae; second tergite 0.75× as long as first tergite, 4.0× as long as anterior width, 2.4× as long as posterior width; metasoma with second tergite onward densely minutely punctate, with dense setae, shorter than setae on mesosoma; ovipositor 0.72× as long as hind tibia.</p><p>Colour. Reddish brown with black markings as follow: posterior corner of pronotum dorsally, three longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum, scuto-scutellar groove, scutellum posteriorly, axilla, mesopleuron with large black marks dorsal to sternaulus and on speculum ventral to hind wing base. Antenna reddish, fading to brown distally. Anterior margin of metapleuron, area basalis and level of propodeal spiracle, ovipositor sheath and fifth tarsomeres brown. Fore and mid coxae, trochanters, tibiae and fore tarsomeres 1–3, anterior 0.25 and posterior 0.1 of first tergite and posterior 0.3 of tergite 2 yellow. Metasomal tergites dull reddish posteriorly. Sternites dull yellow, with conspicuous brown speckling (at bases of setae) particularly on sternites 3 and 4. Wings hyaline and tinged with brown.</p><p>Male. Similar to holotype female, except antenna with 44 flagellomeres, hind wing with first abscissa of vein CU 1.3× as long as vein cu-a.</p><p>Comparative notes. Most similar to A. baolocensis sp. nov. It can be recognized by the laterally compressed scutellum, the dorsally reddish brown head, the large black mark on the mesopleuron, the higher projection of the area superomedia, the confluent median longitudinal carinae, and the longer ovipositor.</p><p>Etymology. Named after the laterally compressed scutellum.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Lam Dong Province, the Central Highlands of Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFAFFFDFAEC47D8EFAA2405A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFAEFFDDAEC47892FD3446EA.text	281D4173FFAEFFDDAEC47892FD3446EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius latus Pham, Matsumoto, Konishi, Sheng & Broad 2020	<div><p>Apophysius latus Pham, Matsumoto, Konishi, Sheng &amp; Broad, new species</p><p>(Figures 1d, 4)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: female (IEBR), VIETNAM, Tuyen Quang Province, Ham Yen,, Dang Thi Hoa coll., 26 October 2018; paratypes: 1 female (OMNH), VIETNAM: Bac Can Province, Ba Be National Park, 22.230 N 105.370 E, 200 m, R. Matsumoto coll., 3 May 2006; 1 male (IEBR), VIETNAM: Tuyen Quang Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.86&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.86/lat 16.198)">Na Hang</a>, Khuat Dang Long coll., 25 January–5 February 2018; 1 female (EUMJ), VIETNAM: Thua Thien-Hue Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.86&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.86/lat 16.198)">Bach Ma National Park</a>, 19 km point, 16.1980 N 107.8600 E, 1400 m, T. Mita coll., 2 August 2016; 1 female, 1 male (OMNH), VIETNAM: Ninh Binh Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.86&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.86/lat 16.198)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, R. Matsumoto coll., 2 September 2019; 1 female (GSFGPM), CHINA, Yunnan Province, Gaoligongshan Farm, 1600 m, Mao-Ling Sheng coll., 3 July 2005; 1 male (GSFGPM), CHINA, Guangxi Province, Maoershan, 1570 m, Wei Xiao coll., 17–18 May 2006; 1 male (GS- FGPM), CHINA, Jiangxi Provine, Wuyishan, Yanshan, 1190 m, Mao-Ling Sheng coll., 4 June 2009.</p><p>Diagnosis. Reddish brown with black markings; subtegular ridge making an obtuse angle in dorsal view; median longitudinal stripe of mesoscutum wide anteriorly, expanding out of lateral longitudinal groove; scutellum strongly convex; metanotum conical medially; propodeum with area superomedia raised into a tubercle, distinctly higher than level of metanotum; wings uniformly weakly infuscate.</p><p>Description of holotype. Head. Antenna with 48 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 2.5× longer than wide, 1.6× length of second; dorsal margin of face with small tubercle between antennal sockets; face 0.5× as high as wide with weak impression from antennal socket toward clypeus; clypeus 0.75× as high as wide, separated from face by weak impression; malar space short, about 0.2× mandibular basal width (Fig. 4b); ocellar-ocular distance about 2.2× diameter of ocellus, 5.0× interocellar distance (Fig. 4a).</p><p>Mesosoma. Epomia strong, extending 2/3 distance to dorsal margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with dense setae; scutellum strongly convex posteriorly, with dense setae, lateral carina present basally, metanotum with conical projection medially; mesopleuron with sternaulus on anterior 0.6, epicnemial carina sinuous dorsally, extending to anterior margin, subtegular ridge in dorsal view making obtuse angle (Fig. 4a); mesosternum with posterior transverse carina strong except broad interruption at level of inner half of mid coxa; propodeum with strongly raised carinae, lateromedian longitudinal carinae strongly raised posteriorly, area superomedia strongly projecting as a ‘horn’, median longitudinal carinae close and parallel below area superomedia (Fig. 4d), propodeal spiracle oval; fore basitarsus as long as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined; mid basitarsus equal to tarsomeres 2–5 combined; hind basitarsus 1.1× as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined. Fore wing length 10.5 mm, vein M&amp;RS slightly distad 1 cu-a, vein 2 rs-m about 0.8× as long as vein 3 rs-m, hind wing with first abscissa of vein CU 1.1× as long as vein cu-a; distal ends of RS, M and CU weak.</p><p>Metasoma. First tergite smooth, about 5.9× as long as posterior width, posteriorly dorsally and laterally with long setae; second tergite 0.75× as long as first tergite, 3.8× as long as anterior width, 2.5× as long as posterior width; metasoma with second tergite onward densely minutely punctate, with dense setae, shorter than setae on mesosoma; ovipositor 0.73× as long as hind tibia.</p><p>Colour. Reddish brown with black markings as follow: posterior corner of pronotum dorsally, three longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum, scuto-scutellar groove, scutellum posteriorly, axilla, mesopleuron with large black marks dorsal to sternaulus and on speculum ventral to hind wing base, anterior margin of metapleuron, area basalis and level of propodeal spiracle, ovipositor sheath and fifth tarsomeres. Fore and mid coxae, trochanters, tibiae and fore tarsomeres 1–3, anterior 0.25 and posterior 0.1 of first tergite and posterior 0.3 of tergite 2 yellow. Metasomal tergites reddish, except anterior 0.3 and posterior 0.1 of first tergite and posterior 0.3 of tergite 2 yellow. Sternites dull white, with conspicuous brown speckling (at bases of setae) particularly on sternites 3 and 4. Wings hyaline and tinged with brown.</p><p>Variation. Female paratypes are smaller than the holotype, with fore wing length varying from 8.5–9.7 mm, vein M&amp;RS opposite to 1 cu-a. The markings on the female paratype from Thua Thien Hue Province are reddish instead of black.</p><p>Male. Similar to holotype female. The male paratype from Cuc Phuong National Park is smaller, fore wing length 7.2 mm.</p><p>Comparative notes. Belongs in a distinctive species group, together with A. constrictus sp. nov. A. baolocensis sp. nov., A. taynguyenensis sp. nov. and A. pentaceratops sp. nov., with a conspicuous horn-like projection at the place of the area superomedia, and the subtegular ridge angled in dorsal view. Unlike the other four species in this group, A. latus sp. nov. has a less sharply angled subtegular ridge and the median longitudinal stripe of the mesoscutum is wide (narrow, or mesoscutum mostly black in other species).</p><p>Etymology. Named after the broad median longitudinal stripe on the mesoscutum.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Vietnam and China.</p><p>Remarks. Sheng et al. (2013) recorded this species from South China (Yunnan, Guangxi and Jiangxi provinces) under the name Apophysius unicolor .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFAEFFDDAEC47892FD3446EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFACFFD2AEC47EC2FCAF45E6.text	281D4173FFACFFD2AEC47EC2FCAF45E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius pentaceratops Pham & Matsumoto & Konishi & Sheng & Broad 2020	<div><p>Apophysius pentaceratops Broad, new species</p><p>(Figure 5)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: female (NHMUK), ‘[MALAYSIA:] Sarawak … RGS Exp [edition], D. Hollis coll., 17 September–23 October1977, BM77-543’. B.M. Type Hym. 3b.2683, NHMUK010634953.</p><p>Diagnosis. Propodeum with area superomedia strongly projecting; mesosoma and legs largely yellow, with antennal flagellum, mesoscutum and hind femur largely black; wings uniformly weakly infuscate.</p><p>Description of holotype. Head. Antenna with 48 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 2.2× longer than wide, 1.4× length of second; dorsal margin of face with small tubercle between antennal sockets; face 0.5× as high as wide with weak impression from antennal socket toward clypeus; clypeus 0.7× as high as wide, separated from face by weak impression; malar space short, about 0.2× mandibular basal width (Fig. 5b); ocellar-ocular distance about 2.5× diameter of ocellus, 5× interocellar distance.</p><p>Mesosoma. Epomia strong, sinuous ventrally, extending 2/3 distance to dorsal margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with dense setae, scuto-scutellar groove smooth, with no longitudinal impression; scutellum with dense setae, lateral carina present just posterior to scuto-scutellar groove, metanotum strongly projecting medially; mesopleuron with unsculptured sternaulus on anterior 0.4, epicnemial carina sinuous dorsally, extending to anterior margin, subtegular ridge in dorsal view angled at c.95°; mesosternum with posterior transverse carina strong except broad interruption at level of inner half of mid coxa; propodeum with strongly raised carinae, lateromedian longitudinal carinae strongly raised posteriorly, area superomedia strongly projecting as a ‘horn’ (Fig. 5c), propodeal spiracle oval; fore basitarsus 0.8× as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined; mid basitarsus equal to tarsomeres 2–5 combined; hind basitarsus equal to tarsomeres 2–5 combined. Fore wing length 10.8 mm, vein M&amp;RS opposite 1 cu-a, vein 2 rs-m about same length as 3 rs-m, hind wing with first abscissa of vein CU as long as vein cu-a; distal ends of RS, M and CU obsolete, present as traces.</p><p>Metasoma. First tergite smooth, about 6.0× as long as posterior width, posteriorly dorsally and laterally with long setae; second tergite 0.8× as long as first tergite, 3.65× as long as anterior width, 2.3× as long as posterior width; metasoma with third tergite onward densely minutely punctate, with dense setae, shorter than setae on mesosoma; ovipositor 0.74× as long as hind tibia.</p><p>Colour. Mesosoma dull yellow with black markings as follows: antenna (except scape ventrally and apically) and head dorsally, including outer orbits, posterior corner of pronotum dorsally, mesoscutum (except two yellow spots at anterior corners) and axilla, mesopleuron with large black marks dorsal to sternaulus and on speculum dorsal to hind wing base, propodeum with small black mark anterolaterally, metasomal tergites largely black fading to brown posteriorly, with anterior 0.2 and posterior 0.1 of first tergite, posterior 0.25 of second tergite and subsequent tergites posteriorly yellow, sternites dull white, with conspicuous brown speckling (at bases of setae) particularly on sternites 3 and 4. Legs rather bright yellow, with tarsomeres 3–5 of each leg dark brown, fore and mid femora with brown marks dorsally, hind trochanter, trochantellus and femur (except apically and in a narrow strip ventrally) brown to black. Wings weakly infuscate.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Comparative notes. Belongs in a distinctive species group, together with A. taynguyenensis sp. nov., A. baolocensis sp. nov., A. constrictus sp. nov. and A. latus sp. nov., with a conspicuous horn-like projection in the place of the area superomedia. Unlike other species in this group, the antennal flagellum is black and the legs mostly brightly yellow.</p><p>Etymology. Named after the five ‘horns’ of the propodeum.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia, Sarawak (island of Borneo).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFACFFD2AEC47EC2FCAF45E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFA2FFD3AEC47C82FB2746D7.text	281D4173FFA2FFD3AEC47C82FB2746D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius rufus Cushman 1937	<div><p>Apophysius rufus Cushman, 1937</p><p>(Figures 8b, 8d)</p><p>Apophysius rufus Cushman, 1937 . Arb. über Morph. u. Taxonom. Ent. 4: 288. Holotype: female, Taiwan: Kankau (Hengchun) (SDEI).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype female of Apophysius rufus (SDEI); 1 female (EUMJ), TAIWAN: Pingtung, Shizi, 22.24330 N 120.83540 E, 480 m, T. Mita coll., 14 May 2017; 1 male (EUMJ), TAIWAN: Pindong, Shizi, Neiwen, Shouka, 22.2430 N 120.8360 E, 400 m, Y. Komeda coll., 14 May 2017; 1 female (EUJM), same locality and collector, 19 May 2017; 1 female (EUMJ), TAIWAN: Pindong, Mudan, Shimen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.808&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.137" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.808/lat 22.137)">Mt Kaoshifo Shan</a>, 22.1370 N 120.8080 E, 300 m, Y. Komeda coll., 19 May 2017; 1 female (NHMUK), TAIWAN: Tseuy Feng [name not traced], 2000 m, I.D. Gauld coll., August 1979, NHMUK010634954.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body reddish brown with black head and black markings on mesoscutum; metanotum medially conical; propodeum lacking a median anterior projection, area superomedia in the same plane as the area basalis, median longitudinal carinae divergent posterior to area superomedia; wings uniformly weakly infuscate.</p><p>Distribution. China (including Taiwan) (Uchida 1931; He et al. 1996; Yu et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFA2FFD3AEC47C82FB2746D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFA2FFD0AEC47F1AFEA54261.text	281D4173FFA2FFD0AEC47F1AFEA54261.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius takasukai Pham, Konishi & Broad 2020	<div><p>Apophysius takasukai Pham, Konishi &amp; Broad, new species</p><p>(Figures 1e, 6)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: female (EUMJ), MALAYSIA: 19 miles Point Cameron H.L., Keizô Takasuka coll., 18 May 2007.</p><p>Paratype: male (NHMUK), MALAYSIA: ‘ Sarawak, foot of Mt Dulit, junction of rivers Tinjar and Lejok, B.M. B.M. Hobby &amp; A.W. Moore coll., 11 November 1932, 1933-254’. NHMUK010634951 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Propodeum with area superomedia not projecting, in same plane as area basalis; mesosoma and legs largely yellow with mesoscutum largely black; wings brown, transparent, fore wing with anterior margin darker in the female.</p><p>Description of holotype. Head. Antenna with apical part broken (31 flagellomeres remaining), first flagellomere 3.0× longer than wide, 1.5× length of second; dorsal margin of face with small tubercle between antennal sockets; face 0.58× as high as wide with weak impression from antennal socket toward clypeus; clypeus 0.67× as high as wide, separated from face by weak impression; malar space short, about 0.2× mandibular basal width (Fig. 6a); ocellar-ocular distance about 2.3× diameter of ocellus, 5.7× interocellar distance.</p><p>Mesosoma. Epomia strong, sinuous ventrally, extending 2/3 distance to dorsal margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with dense setae, scuto-scutellar groove with weak longitudinal impression medially; scutellum with dense setae, lateral carina only just extending posterior to scuto-scutellar groove, metanotum weakly convex with lateral carinae (Fig. 6b); mesopleuron with unsculptured sternaulus strong on anterior 0.4, epicnemial carina sinuous dorsally, extending to anterior margin, subtegular ridge in dorsal view wide and sharply angled; mesosternum with posterior transverse carina strong except broad interruption at level of inner half of mid coxa; propodeum with strongly raised carinae, area superomedia in same plane as area basalis (Fig. 6c), propodeal spiracle oval; fore basitarsus 0.86× as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined; mid basitarsus slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–5 combined; hind basitarsus equal to tarsomeres 2–5 combined. Fore wing length 8.5 mm, vein M&amp;RS opposite 1 cu-a, vein 2 rs-m about 0.7× 3rs-m, hind wing with first abscissa of vein CU as long as vein cu-a; distal ends of RS, M and CU obsolete, present as traces (Fig. 6d).</p><p>Metasoma. First tergite smooth, about 6.5× as long as posterior width, posteriorly dorsally and laterally with long setae; second tergite 0.73× as long as first tergite, 3.8× as long as anterior width, 2.1× as long as posterior width; metasoma with second tergite onward densely minutely punctate, with dense setae, shorter than setae on mesosoma; ovipositor 0.73× as long as hind tibia.</p><p>Colour. Yellow with black markings as follows: antenna and head dorsally, posterior corner of pronotum dorsally, mesoscutum (except two yellow spots at anterior corners) and axilla, mesopleuron with small black spot at level of sternaulus and a bigger spot at dorsally, posteriorly, metasomal tergites largely black except anterior 0.4 and posterior 0.1 of first tergite, posterior 0.15 of second tergite and tergites 6-7 yellow. Legs yellow, except hind trochanter, trochantellus and femur (except apically) black. Wings hyaline, brown with anterior margin of fore wing blackish.</p><p>Male. Similar to female. Antennal flagellum with 42 segments, mesopleuron lacking black spot on sternaulus, metasoma paler (tergites 3–5 yellowish brown, 6–7 yellow), fore wing weakly infuscate, only slightly darker anterodistally.</p><p>Comparative notes. Similar to A. bakeri in the shape of the propodeum. Apophysius takasukai sp. nov. can be separated from A. bakeri by the colour pattern and the shorter ovipositor sheath (about 0.8× as long as first tergite vs about 1.0× in A. bakeri).</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named after Keizô Takasuka, who collected the holotype.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia. Currently known from Peninsular Malaysia (Pahang, Cameron Highlands) and Borneo (Sarawak).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFA2FFD0AEC47F1AFEA54261	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFA1FFD7AEC47A46FA2345CB.text	281D4173FFA1FFD7AEC47A46FA2345CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius taynguyenensis Pham, Matsumoto & Broad 2020	<div><p>Apophysius taynguyenensis Pham, Matsumoto &amp; Broad, new species</p><p>(Figures 1f, 7)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: female (IEBR), VIETNAM: Kon Tum Province, Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, 1350 m, Phu Van Pham coll., 14 February 2019 ; Paratype: 1 female (OMNH), VIETNAM: Lam Dong Province, Bao Loc District, Dam Bri, 800 m, R. Matsumoto coll., 2 May 2000 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Body reddish brown with black markings; wings brown, transparent, fore wing with black spot apically; propodeum with area superomedia raised into a tubercle, distinctly higher than level of area basalis; metasomal tergites 3–6 each with ω-shaped black markings.</p><p>Description of holotype. Head. Antenna with 42 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 2.4× longer than wide, 1.2× length of second; dorsal margin of face with small tubercle between antennal sockets; face 0.5× as high as wide with weak impression from antennal socket toward clypeus; clypeus 0.67× as high as wide, separated from face by impression; malar space short, about 0.3× mandibular basal width (Fig. 7a); ocellar-ocular distance about 2.0× as long as diameter of ocellus, 5.5× interocellar distance (Fig. 7b).</p><p>Mesosoma. Epomia strong, sinuous ventrally, extending nearly to dorsal margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with dense setae, scuto-scutellar groove with weak longitudinal impression medially; scutellum with dense setae, lateral carina present basally, metanotum weakly convex (Fig. 7e); mesopleuron with sternaulus strong on anterior 0.4, epicnemial carina sinuous dorsally, extending to anterior margin (Fig. 7d), subtegular ridge in dorsal view narrow and obtusely angled; mesosternum with posterior transverse carina strong, with broad interruption at level of inner half of mid coxa; propodeum with strong carinae, area superomedia raised into a tubercle, distinctly higher than level of area basalis (Fig. 7c), propodeal spiracle oval (Fig. 7d); fore basitarsus slightly shorter than tarsomeres 2–5 combined; mid basitarsus as long as tarsomeres 2–5 combined; hind basitarsus equal to tarsomeres 2–5 combined. Fore wing length 7.5 mm, vein M&amp;RS opposite 1 cu-a, vein 2 rs-m about 0.9× 3 rs-m, hind wing with first abscissa of vein CU about 2.4× vein cu-a; distal ends of RS, M and CU obsolete, present as traces (Fig. 7i).</p><p>Metasoma. First tergite smooth and polished, about 6.3× as long as posterior width, laterally with long setae; second tergite 0.7× as long as first tergite, 4.0× as long as anterior width, 2.2× as long as posterior width; metasoma with second tergite onward densely minutely punctate, with short setae (Fig. 7f); ovipositor 0.67× as long as hind tibia.</p><p>Colour. Reddish brown, except following black: apical flagellomeres, mandibular teeth, posterior corner of pronotum dorsally, three stripes on mesoscutum, scuto-scutellar groove, an oblique stripe on mesopleuron, anterior margin of metapleuron, area basalis and level of propodeal spiracle, anterior half of metasomal tergite 2, ω-shaped stripes on tergites 3–6, sternites 3–5, ovipositor sheath. Wings hyaline and tinged with brown, distal 2/3 of fourth submarginal cell with black spot.</p><p>Variation. The paratype is similar to the holotype except the first abscissa of hind wing vein CU is about 1.6× vein cu-a, first tergite about 6.7× as long as posterior width, ovipositor about 0.7× as long as hind tibia.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Comparative notes. The new species is unique in Apophysius in the colour pattern of the metasomal tergites 3–6 and the distal black spot on the fore wing. It belongs to the distinctive group of species with five projections on the propodeum.</p><p>Etymology. Named after the type locality (Tay Nguyen, or the Central Highlands of Vietnam).</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Kon Tum and Lam Dong provinces, the Central Highlands of Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFA1FFD7AEC47A46FA2345CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
281D4173FFA6FFD7AEC47DE8FB27407A.text	281D4173FFA6FFD7AEC47DE8FB27407A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apophysius unicolor Uchida, Dr John T. Jennings 1931	<div><p>Apophysius unicolor Uchida, 1931</p><p>(Figures 8a, 8c)</p><p>Apophysius unicolor Uchida, 1931 . Jour. Faculty Agr. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 30: 191. Holotype: male, Taiwan: Shijukei (= Suchungchi, Pingtung) (EIHU).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype male of Apophysius unicolor (SEHU); 2 males (EUMJ), TAIWAN: Pindong, Mudan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.243" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.836/lat 22.243)">Shimen</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.243" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.836/lat 22.243)">Mt Kaoshifo Shan</a>, 300 m, Y. Komeda coll., 13 May 2017; 1 female, 5 males (EUMJ), same data, 19 May 2017; 2 males (EUMJ), TAIWAN: Pindong, Shizi, Neiwen, Shouka, 22.2430 N 120.8360 E, 400 m, Y. Komeda coll., 14 May 2017; 3 males (EUMJ), TAIWAN: Pindong, Shizi, Neiwen, Shouka, 22.2430 N 120.8360 E, 400 m, Y. Komeda coll., 15 May 2017; 1 female (EUMJ), TAIWAN: Pingtung, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.243" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.836/lat 22.243)">Mudan Township</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.243" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.836/lat 22.243)">Mudan Park</a>, 22010 ’N 120050 ’ E, J. Okayasu coll., 27 October 2017.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body reddish brown, with or without restricted black markings; metanotum medially conical; propodeum with area superomedia weakly raised, lower than level of metanotum, median longitudinal carinae close and parallel posterior to area superomedia; wings uniform weakly infuscate.</p><p>Distribution. China (including Taiwan) (Uchida 1931; He et al. 1996; Yu et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281D4173FFA6FFD7AEC47DE8FB27407A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pham, Nhi Thi;Matsumoto, Rikio;Konishi, Kazuhiko;Sheng, Mao-Ling;Broad, Gavin R.	Pham, Nhi Thi, Matsumoto, Rikio, Konishi, Kazuhiko, Sheng, Mao-Ling, Broad, Gavin R. (2020): A review of the genus Apophysius Cushman (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 4802 (2): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.2.5
