identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2F5B4D33707EFFA2B2894428FC53F9F1.text	2F5B4D33707EFFA2B2894428FC53F9F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus L. Koch 1868	<div><p>Genus Cybaeus L. Koch 1868</p><p>Amaurobius (in part) C.L. Koch 1839: 43, fig. 462.</p><p>Cybaeus L. Koch 1868: 46, figs 22–25. Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932: 3; Roewer 1954: 88; Bonnet 1956: 1299; Roth &amp; Brame 1972: 19, figs 6, 10, 20, 27–28; Brignoli 1983: 484; Roth &amp; Brown 1986: 3, 12; Platnick 1989: 406; Copley et al. 2009: 372, figs 1–113; Bennett et al. 2016: 5, figs 1–189; World Spider Catalog 2019.</p><p>Parauximus Chamberlin 1919: 2, plate I, fig. 2.</p><p>Namopsilus Chamberlin 1919: 14, plate VI, fig. 1.</p><p>Type species. Amaurobius tetricus C.L. Koch 1839 .</p><p>Note. See Copley et al. (2009) for genus diagnosis and descriptive details as well as a key to the species groups (females only) of the Holarctic and Californian clades of Cybaeus . See Bennett et al. (2016) for a revision of the Nearctic species of the Holarctic clade of Cybaeus . Bennett (2005, 2017) provided keys to all Nearctic cybaeid genera. Males of Cybaeus species often are difficult to assign to particular species groups (see the Introduction in this paper for discussion of the nature of species groups of Cybaeus). When in doubt about the group affiliation of male specimens, explore the keys to the Holarctic clade species in the tetricus and angustiarum groups (Bennett et al. 2016) or consider one of the five other Californian clade species groups ( aspenicolens, consocius, devius, septatus, and tardatus) discussed by Bennett (1991) and Copley et. al (2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D33707EFFA2B2894428FC53F9F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707EFFA1B28946C9FAD7FB99.text	2F5B4D33707EFFA1B28946C9FAD7FB99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin & Ivie 1932	<div><p>The adenes species group</p><p>Diagnosis. Differentiating species of the Holarctic and Californian clades of Cybaeus is discussed in Copley et al. (2009). The species of the adenes group of the Californian clade are diagnosed by the undivided, concave to inverted U–shaped atrium (Figs 4, 15, 21, 30, 38, 47) and the reduced, sinuous vulval ducts with very short, laterally projecting copulatory ducts and short spermathecal stalks (Figs 6, 17, 23, 49, 55). Other Californian clade species groups have the vulval ducts more complex (Copley et al. 2009: Figs 12, 95, 101) or reduced but linearly oriented (Copley et al. 2009: Figs 6, 65) and/or longer and more complex copulatory ducts (Copley et al. 2009: Figs 6, 8 –12, 72, 75, 78, 84, 95, 101).</p><p>Description. Small- to medium-sized spiders, carapace lengths averaging 1.73–2.6 (males) and 1.94–2.8 mm (females). Abdomen usually patterned as in Copley et al. (2009: fig. 3) and Bennett et al. (2016: Figs 1–2), legs unbanded in most species (femora lightly to strongly banded in C. amicus, C. auburn, and C. torosus). Two complete pairs of ventral tibia I macrosetae: pattern 2-1p-2-1p-0.</p><p>Male: Patellar apophysis (Figs 13, 36, 45, 51) prominent, digitiform, length 2/3 ( C. auburn, Fig. 19) to nearly as long as (all other adenes group species) width of patella. Peg setae variable in number, diagnostic for some species. Retrolateral tibial apophysis carinate, nearly as long as tibia (Figs 14, 27, 37, 46). Inconspicuous retrolateral ridge dorsal to retrolateral tibial apophysis often present ( C. adenes, C. amicus, C. grizzlyi, C. reducens, C. sanbruno, C. schusteri: Figs 3, 14, 27, 36, 46). Embolus (Figs 1, 56, 58–59, 62–68) relatively short, thick. Distal arm of tegular apophysis (Figs 1, 58) short, not enlarged or lengthened. Proximal arm of tegular apophysis (Figs 1, 18, 56–68) prolaterally directed with species specific morphology.</p><p>Female: Atrium (Figs 4, 15, 21, 30, 41, 47, 54) simple, undivided, medially or anteromedially located on epigynum, of variable form; broad and slightly concave (Figs 21, 38, 41) to narrower and strongly vase- or inverted U-shaped (Figs 4, 9, 15, 30, 33, 47, 53). Vulva (Figs 6, 22, 39, 43, 48) simple, each half sinuous. Copulatory ducts usually separate at atrium (broadly contiguous across anterior of atrium in C. auburn, Fig. 24), relatively short, often very broad at atrium; proceeding laterally to outer margins of vulva then turning medially towards vulval midline. Spermathecal heads simple, small, dorsal lobes; occasionally becoming incorporated into surface of copulatory ducts and less distinctly lobe–like, particularly in older individuals (Figs 29, 31–32). Stalks very short, undifferentiated, with well-developed Bennett’s glands at junction with bases (Figs 6, 31–32). Bases simple, rounded with fertilization ducts exiting posteriorly close to junction with stalks.</p><p>Composition and distribution. Nine species: Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, C. amicus Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, C. auburn Bennett spec. nov., C. grizzlyi Schenkel, C. pearcei Bennett spec. nov., C. reducens Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, C. sanbruno Bennett, C. schusteri Bennett spec. nov., and C. torosus Bennett spec. nov. All species have restricted distributions in west central California from Sonoma and Napa Counties south to northern Monterey County and east central California (one species, C. auburn) from Placer and El Dorado Counties (Figs 69–71).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D33707EFFA1B28946C9FAD7FB99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707DFFA0B289446FFA5EFBB6.text	2F5B4D33707DFFA0B289446FFA5EFBB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin & Ivie 1932	<div><p>Key to the species of the Cybaeus adenes group</p><p>(males of C. pearcei and C. torosus unknown; females of C. adenes and C. grizzlyi are apparently morphologically indistinguishable)</p><p>1. Males............................................................................................. 2</p><p>- Females........................................................................................... 8</p><p>2(1). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis with single, pointed tip (Figs 12, 18, 25, 56, 61, 63); with (Figs 25, 61–64) or without (Figs 12, 56) basal, pointed projection or proximally directed dorsal keel............................................ 3</p><p>- Proximal arm of tegular apophysis with tip bifid (Figs 1, 44, 50, 59–60, 65, 67) or trifid (Figs 35, 57); proximally directed dorsal keel present (but may be inconspicuous) (Figs 57, 59–60, 65, 67)......................................... 5</p><p>3(2). Patellar apophysis with 40–50 peg setae covering dorsal surface (Fig. 13). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis without basal, pointed projection or dorsal keel (Fig. 56). West central California: southern San Francisco Bay area to northern Monterey County (Fig. 69)................................................................. amicus Chamberlin &amp; Ivie</p><p>- Patellar apophysis with about 25–30 peg setae dorsally or anterodorsally (Figs 19, 26). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis with basal, pointed projection or dorsal keel (Figs 61–64). West or east central California (Fig. 70)................... 4</p><p>4(3). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis with simple untwisted tip and prominent, bluntly pointed dorsal keel (Figs 61–62). West central California: Contra Costa and Alameda Counties (Fig. 70)................................. grizzlyi Schenkel</p><p>- Proximal arm of tegular apophysis with simple, slightly corkscrewed tip and dorsal keel a broad, bluntly pointed process dorsal to tip (Figs 63–64). East central California: Placer and El Dorado Counties (Fig. 70)..... auburn Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>5(2). Patellar apophysis nearly lacking peg setae (Fig. 36); proximal arm of tegular apophysis with broad, trifid tip and prominent dorsal keel (Figs 57–58). West central California: Santa Clara County to Monterey County (Fig. 70)............................................................................................... reducens Chamberlin &amp; Ivie</p><p>- Ten to 30 peg setae (Figs 2, 51); proximal arm of tegular apophysis with narrower, bifid tip (Figs 59–60, 65, 67), dorsal keel reduced (Figs 59–60) or prominent (Figs 65–68). West central California: north of Santa Clara County (Figs 69–70)..... 6</p><p>6(5). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis with divergent tips (Figs 59–60). West central California: Sonoma to San Francisco Counties (Fig. 69).................................................................... adenes Chamberlin &amp; Ivie</p><p>- Proximal arm of tegular apophysis with convergent tips (Figs 65, 67). West central California: San Mateo and Napa Counties (Fig. 70)........................................................................................... 7</p><p>7(6). Tips of proximal arm of tegular apophysis larger, relatively strongly convergent, pincer-like (Fig. 67); 13 peg setae anterodorsally on patellar apophysis (Fig. 45). West central California: San Mateo County (Fig. 70)............. sanbruno Bennett</p><p>- Tips of proximal arm of tegular apophysis relatively weakly convergent, not pincer-like (Fig. 65); about ten peg setae dorsally on patellar apophysis (Fig. 51). West central California: Napa County (Fig. 70)............. schusteri Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>8(1). Atrium with lateral margins strongly curved antero-medially (Figs 47–48); copulatory ducts contiguous (or nearly so) (Figs 48–49). West central California: San Mateo County (Fig. 70).................................... sanbruno Bennett</p><p>- Atrium with lateral margins simple, not curved anteriorly (Figs 4, 9, 15, 21, 30, 41); copulatory ducts widely separated (Figs 6, 11, 17, 24, 29, 43). East or west central California (Figs 69–71)............................................. 9</p><p>9(8). Atrium weakly to moderately concave and broad, length from epigastric groove to anterior margin &lt;width between lateral margins (Figs 38, 41, 21–22).......................................................................... 10</p><p>- Atrium strongly concave and narrower, length 1.2–3.0 times&gt; width (Figs 6, 15, 33, 54).......................... 11</p><p>10(9). Atrium at anterior margin of vulva (Figs 38, 41); vulva compact, apparently strongly reduced (Figs 39–40, 42–43). West central California: Santa Clara County to Monterey County (Fig. 70)..................... reducens Chamberlin &amp; Ivie</p><p>- Atrium antero-medially located (Figs 21–22); vulva “normal” (Figs 22–24). East central California: Placer and El Dorado Counties (Fig. 70)............................................................... auburn Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>11(9). Atrium inverted U-shaped or lyriform, widest anteriorly (Figs 4, 7, 9, 30); copulatory ducts smoothly curved posteriorly, not turning anteriorly at spermathecal heads (Figs 6, 8, 28–29).................................................. 12</p><p>- Atrium inverted U- or vase-shaped (not lyriform), widest posteriorly (Figs 15, 53–54); copulatory ducts smoothly curved posteriorly (Figs 16–17) or turning anteriorly at spermathecal heads (Figs 34, 55)................................ 13</p><p>12(11). California: north and west San Francisco Bay area (Fig. 69).............................. adenes Chamberlin &amp; Ivie</p><p>- California: east San Francisco Bay area (Fig. 70).............................................. grizzlyi Schenkel</p><p>13(11). Atrium inverted vase-shaped, lateral margins convex (Fig. 53). California: Napa County (Fig. 70)................................................................................................. schusteri Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>- Atrium inverted U-shaped, lateral margins concave (Figs 15, 33–34, 54). California: San Francisco Bay area counties south of San Francisco and Berkeley to Monterey County (Figs 69–71)............................................. 14</p><p>14(13). Copulatory ducts turning anteriorly at spermathecal heads (Figs 34, 55); length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 2–3 times&gt; width (Fig. 33, 54). West central California: Alameda County (Fig. 71)........................ 15</p><p>- Copulatory ducts smoothly curved posteriorly, not turning anteriorly (Figs 16–17); length of atrium 1.2–1.6 times&gt; width (Fig. 15). West central California: southern San Francisco Bay area to northern Monterey County (Fig. 69)............................................................................................ amicus Chamberlin &amp; Ivie</p><p>15(14). Copulatory ducts broad anteriorly (extending laterally beyond spermathecal bases), heavily sclerotized posteriorly (Fig. 55); lateral margins clearly visible ventrally through integument of uncleared epigynum (Fig. 54).... torosus Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>- Copulatory ducts narrow anteriorly (not extending laterally beyond spermathecal bases), not heavily sclerotized posteriorly (Fig. 34); not clearly visible through epigynal integument (Fig. 33)........................ pearcei Bennett spec. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D33707DFFA0B289446FFA5EFBB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707CFFA6B289448EFA99FD45.text	2F5B4D33707CFFA6B289448EFA99FD45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin & Ivie 1932	<div><p>Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932</p><p>Figs 1–11, 59–60, 69</p><p>Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932: 24, fig. 59 (in part, holotype only). Roewer 1954: 89. Bonnet 1956: 1300. Roth 1956: 178. Roth &amp; Brown 1986: 3. Bennett 2006: 479, Figs 17–20. Copley et al. 2009: 372, fig. 5. World Spider Catalog 2019.</p><p>Cybaeus grizzlyi: Roth 1956: 178 . Roth &amp; Brown 1986: 3.</p><p>Cybaeus adenoides: Roth 1956: 178 . Roth &amp; Brown 1986: 3.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀. U.S.A.: California: Marin County, R. V. Chamberlin (AMNH), examined but subsequently lost. Neotype ♂ designated by Bennett (2006) from U.S.A.: California: Marin County, San Geronimo (37°59'N 122°42'W), 19 September 1963, J. Ivie &amp; W. Ivie (AMNH), examined. See discussion of type material and synonymy in Bennett (2006).</p><p>Other material examined. Specimens and locality data in Bennett (2006). (Note: Green Valley locality, considered by Bennett (2006) to be “probably Sonoma Co.”, could be in Solano Co.)</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of C. adenes is diagnosed by the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis: tip bifid with the two tips slightly divergent (Figs 1, 59–60). Known males of the other species of the adenes group have either a single ( C. amicus: Fig. 56; C. auburn: Fig. 63; C. grizzlyi: Fig. 61) or trifid ( C. reducens: Fig. 57) tip on the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis. Males of some species also have a bifid tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis but in those males there are fewer peg setae on the patellar apophysis and the bifid tips are more or less convergent ( C. sanbruno: Figs 45, 67; C. schusteri: Figs 51, 65).</p><p>The female of C. adenes is distinguished from all other females of the adenes group except C. grizzlyi by the form of the atrium. The atrium in females of C. adenes and C. grizzlyi is inverted U-shaped or lyriform, relatively narrow (length from epigastric groove to anterior margin&gt; width between lateral margins), and widest anteriorly ( C. adenes: Figs 4, 7, 9; C. grizzlyi: Fig. 30). The atrium in females of all other species of the adenes group either has its lateral ends strongly curved anteriorly ( C. sanbruno: Figs 47–48), is inverted U- or vase-shaped (but not lyriform) and widest posteriorly ( C. schusteri: Fig. 53; C. amicus: Figs 15–16; C. torosus: Fig. 54; C. pearcei: Fig. 33), or is relatively broad with length &lt;width ( C. reducens: Figs 38, 41, 43; C. auburn: Figs 21–22). (Most females of C. schusteri are distinguished by the inverted vase-shaped atrium (Fig. 53) but the atrial morphology of some specimens may resemble that of females of C. adenes and C. grizzlyi . Collection of males with females may be the only way to ensure reliable identification in such instances.) Females of C. grizzlyi and C. adenes apparently are morphologically indistinguishable but can be separated by their respective distributions: both are found in the San Francisco Bay area of California but C. grizzlyi appears to be restricted to Contra Costa and Alameda Counties to the east of San Francisco Bay (Fig. 70) while C. adenes is more widespread and found to the north and east of the Bay area in Marin, Napa, Sonoma, San Francisco, and possibly Solano Counties (Fig. 69).</p><p>Description. Femora unbanded.</p><p>Male: (n=9). Patellar apophysis (Fig. 2) with variable number of peg setae (most specimens have about two dozen) on concave or convex antero-dorsal surface. Very small retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 3). Dorsal keel (Figs 59–60) present on proximal arm of tegular apophysis, usually inconspicuous but occasionally prominent.</p><p>(n=8). CL 2.15–2.6 (2.5), CW 1.60–2.00 (1.83), SL 1.08–1.29 (1.22), SW 1.00–1.26 (1.17). Neotype CL 2.45, CW 1.80, SL 1.22, SW 1.17.</p><p>Female: (n=39). Atrium (Figs 4, 7, 9) usually conspicuous, occasionally indistinct such that atrium may appear divided, anterior margin often sinuous, length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 1.5–2 times width (between lateral margins). Copulatory ducts (Figs 5–6, 8, 10–11) well separated, attached to lateral margins of atrium.</p><p>(n=22). CL 1.58–2.8 (2.2±0.3), CW 1.12–1.90 (1.49±0.23), SL 0.86–1.35 (1.10±0.14), SW 0.79–1.28 (1.02±0.13). Holotype (lost) CL 2.20, CW 1.55, SL 1.12, SW 1.05.</p><p>Distribution and natural history. West central California: Marin, Napa, San Francisco, Sonoma, and possibly Solano Counties in the San Francisco Bay area (Fig. 69). Males have been collected from mid-September to mid- November. Cybaeus adenes and C. grizzlyi are the most commonly encountered species of the adenes group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D33707CFFA6B289448EFA99FD45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337079FFABB28944D5FD1FFCB1.text	2F5B4D337079FFABB28944D5FD1FFCB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus amicus Chamberlin & Ivie 1932	<div><p>Cybaeus amicus Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932</p><p>Figs 12–16, 56, 69</p><p>Cybaeus amicus Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932:24, fig. 58. Roewer 1954:89. Bonnet 1956:1300. Roth &amp; Brown 1986:3. World Spider Catalog 2019.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀. U.S.A.: California: Santa Cruz County, Brookdale [midway between Ben Lomond and Boulder Creek, Highway 9], March 1913, R. V. Chamberlin (AMNH), examined.</p><p>Other material examined. U.S.A.: California: Alameda . 1♀, Niles Canyon, 21.iii.1941, W.M. Pearce (AMNH) ; Monterey . 4 ♀, Aromas, 8.xii.1974, D. Ubick (DU) ; San Mateo. 1♂, Alpine Road, 0.5 mi. SE of Pesca- dero Road, 18.xi.1988, D. Ubick (DU) ; 2♂ 1♀, 2 air mi. S of La Honda, 18.xi.1988, D. Ubick (DU) ; 2♀, Portola [Valley?], 30.x.1921, J.C. Chamberlin (AMNH) ; 1♀, San Gregorio Beach, 1920/1921, J.C. Chamberlin (AMNH) ; 1♀, Woodside, winter 1957/1958, Washburn (AMNH) ; 1♂, S of Woodside, 17.ix.1964, J. &amp; W. Ivie (AMNH) ; Santa Clara. 1♂, Alum Rock Park, 8.x.1979, D. Ubick (DU) ; 2♀, Highway 17, 2 mi. N of Holy City, 6.xii.1966, V. D. Roth &amp; Ferguson (AMNH) ; 1♀, Los Gatos, 18.iii.1984, D. Ubick (DU) ; 2♀, Stanford University environs, x.1920, no collector data (AMNH) ; Santa Cruz. 1♀, Ben Lomond, 2000’, iv.1934, L.W. Saylor (AMNH) ; 2♀, Brookdale, iii.1913, R. V. Chamberlin (AMNH) , 1♀, Felton, iii.1913, no collector data (AMNH) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The banded femora of male and female C. amicus may often be sufficient to separate them from specimens of other adenes group species except for C. auburn and C. torosus .</p><p>In addition, the male of C. amicus is diagnosed by the number and arrangement of peg setae on the patellar apophysis and the morphology of the proximal end of the tegular apophysis. Forty to 50 peg setae are distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the patellar apophysis (Fig. 13). The proximal arm of the tegular apophysis has a single tip and its ventral and retrolateral surfaces are concave (Figs 12, 56). No other known male of the adenes group has this combination of features.</p><p>The female of C. amicus may be difficult to differentiate from some of the females of other species of the adenes group. Its strongly concave atrium (Figs 15–16) distinguishes it from females with weakly concave atria: C. auburn (Figs 21–22) and some C. reducens (Figs 38–39). From specimens of C. reducens with moderately concave atria, females of C. amicus can be distinguished by the length-to-width ratio of the atrium and the general form of the vulva: length&gt; width and vulva “normal” in C. amicus (Figs 15–17) versus length &lt;width and vulva appearing reduced or compressed in C. reducens (Figs 41, 43). From females of the other adenes group species with strongly concave atria, females of C. amicus can be distinguished by the atrium being inverted U-shaped and widest posteriorly (Figs 15–16) versus inverted vase-shaped and widest posteriorly in C. schusteri (Fig. 53), inverted lyriform and widest anteriorly in C. adenes (Figs 4-7, 9–11) and C. grizzlyi (Figs 28, 30), or inverted U-shaped but parallelsided in C. pearcei (Fig. 33); by the lateral ends of the atrium being unmodified (Figs 15–16) versus strongly curved antero-medially in C. sanbruno (Figs 47–48); and by the copulatory ducts being of relatively narrow diameter and lightly sclerotized throughout their length (Figs 16–17) versus very broad and lightly sclerotized anteriorly and narrow and heavily sclerotized posteriorly in females of C. torosus (Fig. 55).</p><p>Description. Femora lightly to strongly banded.</p><p>Male: (n=5). Very small retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 14).</p><p>(n=5). CL 2.4–2.9 (2.6), CW 1.75–2.03 (1.89), SL 1.17–1.35 (1.28), SW 1.16–1.33 (1.24).</p><p>Female: (n=20). Atrium (Figs 9–11) with anterior margin smoothly curved, length (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 1.2–1.6 times width (between lateral margins). Vulva (Figs 10–11) similar to C. adenes .</p><p>(n=20). CL 2.38–3.3 (2.8±0.3), CW 1.55–2.33 (1.91±0.20), SL 1.18–1.50 (1.31±0.09), SW 1.09–1.43 (1.24±0.09). Holotype CL 2.5, CW 1.76, SL 1.22, SW 1.15.</p><p>Distribution and natural history. West central California from southern San Francisco Bay area south to northern Monterey County (Fig. 69). Males have been collected from mid–September to mid–November. Oak and redwood forests support populations of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D337079FFABB28944D5FD1FFCB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01.text	2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus auburn Bennett & Copley & Copley 2019	<div><p>Cybaeus auburn Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 18–24, 63–64, 70</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂. U.S.A.: California: Placer County, Elders Corner, five miles north of Auburn, 27 December 1986, D. Ubick (CAS).</p><p>Paratypes. U.S.A.: California: El Dorado. 2♀, near Nashville, 5.iii.1958, L.M. Smith &amp; R . O. Schuster (CAS); Placer. 1♀, Auburn, 12.iii.1958, R . O. Schuster &amp; V . D. Roth (CAS) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis. The lightly banded femora of male and female C. auburn may often be sufficient to separate them from specimens of other adenes group species except for C. amicus and C. torosus .</p><p>In addition, the male of C. auburn is diagnosed by the relatively short patellar apophysis (Fig. 19) and, more reliably, the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis (Figs 18, 63–64). The length of the patellar apophysis is about 2/3 the width of the patella; in the known males of all other adenes group species the length of the patellar apophysis is nearly equal to the width of the patella. However, this difference is slight and difficult to determine. The tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis is single, slender, and slightly corkscrewed while dorsal to the tip there is a relatively large, blunt, proximo-ventrally directed process (Figs 63–64) which gives the proximal arm the appearance of being bifid. In the other males of the adenes group with a single pointed tip of the proximal arm, the tip is untwisted and the prominent blunt dorsal process is lacking ( C. amicus: Fig. 56) or sharply pointed ( C. grizzlyi: Figs 61–62). The remaining adenes group males have a distinctly bifid ( C. adenes: Figs 59–60; C. sanbruno: Fig. 67; C. schusteri: Fig. 65), or trifid tip ( C. reducens: Fig. 57).</p><p>The female of C. auburn is distinguished by the form of the atrium and, when present, the small epigynal pit. The atrium is broad, weakly concave, and located antero-medially on the epigynum (Figs 21–22). No other female in the adenes group has this combination of characters; in particular, the atrium in all other species is anteriorly located on the epigynum. As well, most females of C. auburn have a small pit located postero-medially on the epigynum (discernible in cleared specimens: Figs 22–23), lacking in females of all other adenes group species.</p><p>Description. Femora very lightly banded.</p><p>Male: (n=1). Patellar apophysis (Fig. 240) with about 25 peg setae on dorsal surface. No retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis.</p><p>Holotype CL 2.45, CW 1.83, SL 1.20, SW 1.16.</p><p>Female: (n=3). Length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) about 3/4 width (between lateral margins). Posterior epigynal pit lacking in Auburn specimen.</p><p>CL 1.83, 1.93, 2.6; CW 1.35, 1.35, 2.00; SL 0.98, 0.99, 1.26; SW 0.92, 0.92, 1.18 (Auburn specimen listed second).</p><p>Distribution. Western lower slopes of the Sierra Nevada of Placer and El Dorado Counties in east central California (Fig. 70).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFA8B28941D7FB80F97B.text	2F5B4D337074FFA8B28941D7FB80F97B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus grizzlyi Schenkel 1950	<div><p>Cybaeus grizzlyi Schenkel 1950</p><p>Figs 25–32, 61–62, 69</p><p>Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932: 24 (in part, paratypes only). Roth 1956: 178. Roth &amp; Brown 1986: 3</p><p>Cybaeus grizzlyi Schenkel 1950: 86, fig. 32. Roewer 1954:90. Bennett 1992: 4, Figs 1–2. Bennett 2006: 485, Figs 40–43. World Spider Catalog 2019.</p><p>Cybaeus adenoides Schenkel 1950: 88, fig. 33. Roewer 1954: 89.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ of C. grizzlyi . U.S.A.: California: Alameda County, Grizzly Peak, near Berkeley, 5 November 1938, no collector data (NHMB), examined . Lectotype ♀ of C. adenoides . U.S.A.: California: Alameda County, Berkeley Hills, 23 April 1939, no collector data (NHMB), examined. See discussion of type material and synonymy in Bennett (2006) .</p><p>Other material examined. Specimens and locality data in Bennett (2006). Note: Castro Valley females number only 4 (not 43 as listed in Bennett 2006).</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of C. grizzlyi is diagnosed by the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis which is deeply grooved ventrally with a single, blade-like tip and a prominent pointed keel dorsally (Figs 25, 61–62). The keel is absent in the known males of the other adenes group species with a single tip of the proximal arm ( C. amicus: Fig. 56) or is a broad blunt protuberance ( C. auburn: Figs 63–64) and in males of other species with a similar bluntly pointed dorsal keel, the tip of the proximal arm is bifid ( C. adenes: Figs 59–60; C. sanbruno: Fig. 67; C. schusteri: Fig. 65) or trifid ( C. reducens: Fig. 57).</p><p>The inverted U-shaped or lyriform atrium, widest anteriorly (Fig. 30), distinguishes the female of C. grizzlyi from females of all other adenes group species except C. adenes (and occasionally C. schusteri). From females of C. adenes this species can evidently only be separated on the basis of locality. Collection of males with females may be the only way to ensure reliable separation of females of C. grizzlyi and C. schusteri with similar atrial morphology. See diagnosis of C. adenes for further discussion.</p><p>Description. Femora unbanded.</p><p>Male: (n=24). Patellar apophysis (Fig. 26) with about 30 peg setae along anterodorsal surface. Small retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carina (Figs 26–27).</p><p>(n=16). CL 2.15–2.9 (2.6±0.2), CW 1.63–2.13 (1.90±0.14), SL 1.11–1.45 (1.29±0.09), SW 1.05–1.35 (1.21±0.09). Holotype CL 2.50, CW 1.83, SL 1.36, SW 1.14.</p><p>Female: (n=76). (Figs 28–32). Description as for C. adenes .</p><p>(n=23). CL 2.00–3.0 (2.4±0.3), CW 1.16–2.05 (1.65±0.24), SL 0.99–1.43 (1.21±0.13), SW 0.93–1.33 (1.13±0.13). Holotype of C. adenoides CL 2.6, CW 1.85, SL 1.30, SW 1.25.</p><p>Distribution and natural history. Known only from Contra Costa and Alameda Counties in west central California (Fig. 69) where it is apparently relatively common. At the University of California (Berkeley) campus this species has been collected under logs in eucalyptus groves. Elsewhere it has been found under bark. Males have been collected from mid–October to late December with one record from late April.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D337074FFA8B28941D7FB80F97B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21.text	2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus pearcei Bennett & Copley & Copley 2019	<div><p>Cybaeus pearcei Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 33–34, 71</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀. U.S.A.: California: Alameda County, Calaveras Dam, 15 March 1939, W.M. Pearce (AMNH).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring W.M. Pearce, the collector of the only known specimen of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. The female of C. pearcei is characterized by its small atrium (Figs 33–34): strongly concave and inverted U–shaped with inconspicuous relatively narrowly separated parallel lateral margins and length (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 2.5–3.0 times width (between lateral margins). Other females of the adenes group that possess strongly concave inverted atria have the margins farther apart and not usually parallel and length to width ratios of 1.2–2.0 ( C. adenes: Figs 4, 9; C. amicus: Figs 15–16; C. grizzlyi: Fig. 30; C. sanbruno: Figs 47–48; C. schusteri: Fig. 53; C. torosus: Fig. 54). The male is unknown.</p><p>Description. Femora unbanded.</p><p>Female: (n=1). Copulatory ducts (Fig. 34) attached to anterolateral margins of atrium, nearly contiguous anteriorly; Bennett’s glands small and inconspicuous although possibly the specimen is newly matured and the glands are not fully developed (see Bennett 2006).</p><p>Holotype CL 2.00, CW 1.38, SL 1.03, SW 0.98.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality near the southern boundary of Alameda County in west central California (Fig. 71).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337071FFB2B2894503FAFEFE95.text	2F5B4D337071FFB2B2894503FAFEFE95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus reducens Chamberlin & Ivie 1932	<div><p>Cybaeus reducens Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932</p><p>Figs 35–43, 57–58, 70</p><p>Cybaeus reducens Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932: 23, fig. 57. Roewer 1954: 91. Bonnet 1956: 1303. Roth &amp; Brown 1986: 4. Bennett 2006: 479, Figs 13–16. World Spider Catalog 2019.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀. U.S.A.: California: Monterey County, Pacific Grove, 17 August 1931, W. Ivie (AMNH), examined.</p><p>Other material examined. U.S.A.: California: Monterey. 6♀, 14 mi. S of Big Sur, 22.xii.1953, V . D. Roth (CAS); 3♀, 17 mi. S of Big Sur, 22.xii.1953, V . D. Roth (AMNH); 1♀, Carmel, 6.iv.1954, no collector data (AMNH); 3♀, 1 mi. N of Carmel, 21.xii.1953, V . D. Roth (CAS); 2♀, Pacific Grove, 1913, R . V . Chamberlin (AMNH); 2♀, 6.viii.1931, R . V . Chamberlin (AMNH); 6♀, 17.viii.1931, W. Ivie (AMNH); 5♀, 1.ix.1931, W. Ivie (AMNH); 2♀, Pebble Beach, Crest Road, 19.ix.1959, L.M. Smith (AMNH); Santa Clara. 1♂, 3.6 mi. from San Felipe Road on Silver Creek Road [SE of San Jose], 2.i.1983, T . S. Briggs, D.Ubick &amp; V . F. Lee (DU) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The near absence of peg setae on the patellar apophysis and the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis diagnose the male of C. reducens . The patellar apophysis (Fig. 36) in the single known male has only two small peg setae located dorsally near the tip of the apophysis. The proximal arm of the tegular apophysis (Figs 35, 57–58) has a trifid tip and, dorsally, a prominent angular keel. No other males in the adenes group have this combination of characters.</p><p>The female is distinguished by the combination of the broad, slightly to moderately concave atrium located anteriorly on the epigynum (Figs 38, 41) and the compact, apparently strongly reduced vulva (Figs 39–40, 42–43). The females of all other adenes group species have narrow, strongly concave atria and “normal” (well-developed and not apparently reduced) vulvae ( C. adenes: Figs 4–6, 9 –111; C. amicus: Figs 15–17; C. grizzlyi: Figs 28–32; C. pearcei: Figs 33–34; C. sanbruno: Figs 7–49; C. schusteri: Fig. 53; C. torosus: Figs 54–55). The atrium and vulva of female C. auburn are antero-medially located on the epigynum (Figs 21–22) and “normal” (Figs 23–24), respectively.</p><p>Description. Femora unbanded.</p><p>Male: (n=1). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis (Fig. 57) with trifid tip: anterior-most termination rounded and prominent, two others smaller and pointed. Very small inconspicuous retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 36).</p><p>CL 2.28, CW 1.65, SL 1.16, SW 1.11.</p><p>Note. This male has been paired with the females of C. reducens because of the similarity of all specimens in size, coloration, and range (although the females were all collected in a small area along the coast and the male from about 70 km away and 35 km inland).</p><p>Female: (n=31). Length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 0.7–1.0 times width (between lateral margins) (Figs 38, 41). Vulva (Figs 39–40, 42–43) usually very small, compact.</p><p>(n=23). CL 1.98–3.1 (2.5+0.3), CW 1.35–2.05 (1.70+0.20), SL 0.99–1.43 (1.21+0.12), SW 0.90–1.30 (1.14+0.11). Holotype CL 2.8, CW 1.98, SL 1.29, SW 1.26.</p><p>Distribution and natural history. West central California from coastal northern Monterey County inland to central Santa Clara County (Fig 70). The male was collected in early January at an elevation of 70 meters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D337071FFB2B2894503FAFEFE95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706EFFB1B289417BFD5AFCD5.text	2F5B4D33706EFFB1B289417BFD5AFCD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus sanbruno Bennett 2009	<div><p>Cybaeus sanbruno Bennett 2009</p><p>Figs 44–49, 67–68, 70</p><p>Cybaeus sanbruno Bennett in Copley et al. 2009: 383, Figs 54–60. World Spider Catalog 2019. Type material. Holotype ♂. U.S.A.: California: San Mateo County, San Bruno Mountain, Crystal Cave Canyon, 14 December 1980, D. Ubick (CAS), examined.</p><p>Other material examined. Specimens and locality data in Copley et al. (2009).</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of C. sanbruno is diagnosed by a combination of features of the patellar apophysis and the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis. The patellar apophysis has 13 peg setae in an antero-dorsal cluster (Fig. 45). The tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis is bifid with the terminations pincer-like and convergent and there is a small but prominent, pointed dorsal keel (Figs 44, 67–68). The males of the two other adenes group species with a bifid tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis either have the terminations divergent and an inconspicuous dorsal keel and, on the patellar apophysis, a larger number of peg setae ( C. adenes: Figs 1–2, 59–60) or have the terminations of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis only weakly convergent and not pincer-like and the peg setae arranged more-or-less linearly along the tip and dorsal edge of the patellar apophysis ( C. schusteri: Figs 51, 65)</p><p>The female is distinguished by its inverted U-shaped atrium, widest posteriorly and with the posterior ends curved anteriorly (the latter feature is inconspicuous but visible in cleared epigynum using a compound microscope) (Figs 47–48). In addition the very short, thick-walled, contiguous (or nearly so) copulatory ducts (Figs 48–49) are diagnostic. None of the other adenes group females have atria or copulatory ducts of this form.</p><p>Description. See Copley et al. (2009). Palpal tibia with small retrolateral ridge anteriorly, dorsal to the carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 46).</p><p>Distribution and natural history. Known only from San Bruno Mountain, San Mateo County, in west central California (Fig. 70). See Copley et al. (2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D33706EFFB1B289417BFD5AFCD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41.text	2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus schusteri Bennett & Copley & Copley 2019	<div><p>Cybaeus schusteri Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 50–53, 65–66, 70</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂. U.S.A.: California: Napa County, 10 miles south of Monticello, 6 January 1957, R. O. Schuster (AMNH).</p><p>Paratypes. U.S.A.: California: Napa. 1♀, 5 mi. S of Monticello, 6.i.1957, R . O. Schuster (AMNH); 2♀, 10 mi. S of Monticello, 16.iii.1956, R . O. Schuster (AMNH); 1♀, 10 mi. S of Monticello, 17.ii.1957, R . O. Schuster (AMNH) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is a patronym honouring the late R.O. Schuster who collected the holotype and paratypes of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of C. schusteri is diagnosed by the combination of about ten small peg setae arranged linearly along the dorsal surface and tip of the patellar apophysis (Fig. 51) and, on the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis (Figs 50, 65–66), the bifid tip with the terminations small, not pincer-like, and only slightly convergent and the presence of a small but prominent angular dorsal keel. Although no other male of the adenes group has this combination of characters, the males of C. schusteri and C. sanbruno can be confused; see the diagnosis of C. sanbruno for further discussion.</p><p>The female is distinguished by the inverted vase-shaped atrium which is narrowest anteriorly and widest posteriorly (Fig. 53). It may be difficult to differentiate some females of this species from females of C. adenes and C. grizzlyi . See the diagnosis of C. adenes for further discussion.</p><p>Description. Femora unbanded.</p><p>Male: (n=1). Small inconspicuous retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 51).</p><p>Holotype. CL 1.73, CW 1.30, SL 0.94, SW 0.86.</p><p>Female. (n=4). Length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) about twice width (between lateral margins) (Fig. 53). Vulva (Fig. 53) as for C. adenes .</p><p>CL 1.75–2.10 (1.94), CW 1.26–1.45 (1.35), SL 0.94– 1.09 (1.02), SW 0.85–0.99 (0.93).</p><p>Note. The female of C. adenes from near St. Helena, Napa County (Figs 9–11), may prove to be a specimen of C. schusteri . Males and a larger sample of females from that area are needed to determine if one or both of C. adenes and C. schusteri occur in the St. Helena area.</p><p>Distribution. Monticello area near south end of Lake Berryessa, Napa County, in west central California (Fig. 70).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01.text	2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cybaeus torosus Bennett & Copley & Copley 2019	<div><p>Cybaeus torosus Bennett spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 54–55, 71</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀. U.S.A.: California: Alameda County [no other locality data], 22 March 1941, W.M. Pearce (AMNH).</p><p>Paratypes. U.S.A.: California: Alameda. 3♀, same data as holotype .</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin for “muscular, bulging” and refers to the resemblance of the vulva of this species in dorsal view to a muscle-flexing body-builder.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male is unknown.</p><p>The female of C. torosus is unlikely to be confused with females of other adenes group species and is distinguished by a combination of features of the atrium and the copulatory ducts. The atrium is inverted, U-shaped, and widest posteriorly (Fig. 54). The outer lateral margins of the copulatory ducts are clearly visible through the integument in ventral uncleared view of the epigynum (Fig. 54) and the ducts themselves are broad and lightly sclerotized anteriorly at their origin at the atrium and narrowed and heavily sclerotized closer to the spermathecal heads (Fig. 55).</p><p>Description. Abdomen very dark; femora lightly banded.</p><p>Female: (n=4). Length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) about twice width (between lateral margins) (Fig. 55).</p><p>(n=4). CL 2.6–3.0 (2.9), CW 1.70–2.10 (1.93), SL 1.24–1.43 (1.35), SW 1.12–1.30 (1.25). Holotype CL 2.9, CW 1.93, SL 1.35, SW 1.29.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Alameda County on the east side of San Francisco Bay in west central California (Fig. 71).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bennett, Robb;Copley, Claudia;Copley, Darren	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
