taxonID	type	description	language	source
2F5B4D33707EFFA2B2894428FC53F9F1.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Amaurobius tetricus C. L. Koch 1839. Note. See Copley et al. (2009) for genus diagnosis and descriptive details as well as a key to the species groups (females only) of the Holarctic and Californian clades of Cybaeus. See Bennett et al. (2016) for a revision of the Nearctic species of the Holarctic clade of Cybaeus. Bennett (2005, 2017) provided keys to all Nearctic cybaeid genera. Males of Cybaeus species often are difficult to assign to particular species groups (see the Introduction in this paper for discussion of the nature of species groups of Cybaeus). When in doubt about the group affiliation of male specimens, explore the keys to the Holarctic clade species in the tetricus and angustiarum groups (Bennett et al. 2016) or consider one of the five other Californian clade species groups (aspenicolens, consocius, devius, septatus, and tardatus) discussed by Bennett (1991) and Copley et. al (2009).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707EFFA1B28946C9FAD7FB99.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differentiating species of the Holarctic and Californian clades of Cybaeus is discussed in Copley et al. (2009). The species of the adenes group of the Californian clade are diagnosed by the undivided, concave to inverted U – shaped atrium (Figs 4, 15, 21, 30, 38, 47) and the reduced, sinuous vulval ducts with very short, laterally projecting copulatory ducts and short spermathecal stalks (Figs 6, 17, 23, 49, 55). Other Californian clade species groups have the vulval ducts more complex (Copley et al. 2009: Figs 12, 95, 101) or reduced but linearly oriented (Copley et al. 2009: Figs 6, 65) and / or longer and more complex copulatory ducts (Copley et al. 2009: Figs 6, 8 – 12, 72, 75, 78, 84, 95, 101).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707EFFA1B28946C9FAD7FB99.taxon	description	Description. Small- to medium-sized spiders, carapace lengths averaging 1.73 – 2.6 (males) and 1.94 – 2.8 mm (females). Abdomen usually patterned as in Copley et al. (2009: fig. 3) and Bennett et al. (2016: Figs 1 – 2), legs unbanded in most species (femora lightly to strongly banded in C. amicus, C. auburn, and C. torosus). Two complete pairs of ventral tibia I macrosetae: pattern 2 - 1 p- 2 - 1 p- 0. Male: Patellar apophysis (Figs 13, 36, 45, 51) prominent, digitiform, length 2 / 3 (C. auburn, Fig. 19) to nearly as long as (all other adenes group species) width of patella. Peg setae variable in number, diagnostic for some species. Retrolateral tibial apophysis carinate, nearly as long as tibia (Figs 14, 27, 37, 46). Inconspicuous retrolateral ridge dorsal to retrolateral tibial apophysis often present (C. adenes, C. amicus, C. grizzlyi, C. reducens, C. sanbruno, C. schusteri: Figs 3, 14, 27, 36, 46). Embolus (Figs 1, 56, 58 – 59, 62 – 68) relatively short, thick. Distal arm of tegular apophysis (Figs 1, 58) short, not enlarged or lengthened. Proximal arm of tegular apophysis (Figs 1, 18, 56 – 68) prolaterally directed with species specific morphology. Female: Atrium (Figs 4, 15, 21, 30, 41, 47, 54) simple, undivided, medially or anteromedially located on epigynum, of variable form; broad and slightly concave (Figs 21, 38, 41) to narrower and strongly vase- or inverted U-shaped (Figs 4, 9, 15, 30, 33, 47, 53). Vulva (Figs 6, 22, 39, 43, 48) simple, each half sinuous. Copulatory ducts usually separate at atrium (broadly contiguous across anterior of atrium in C. auburn, Fig. 24), relatively short, often very broad at atrium; proceeding laterally to outer margins of vulva then turning medially towards vulval midline. Spermathecal heads simple, small, dorsal lobes; occasionally becoming incorporated into surface of copulatory ducts and less distinctly lobe – like, particularly in older individuals (Figs 29, 31 – 32). Stalks very short, undifferentiated, with well-developed Bennett’s glands at junction with bases (Figs 6, 31 – 32). Bases simple, rounded with fertilization ducts exiting posteriorly close to junction with stalks. Composition and distribution. Nine species: Cybaeus adenes Chamberlin & Ivie, C. amicus Chamberlin & Ivie, C. auburn Bennett spec. nov., C. grizzlyi Schenkel, C. pearcei Bennett spec. nov., C. reducens Chamberlin & Ivie, C. sanbruno Bennett, C. schusteri Bennett spec. nov., and C. torosus Bennett spec. nov. All species have restricted distributions in west central California from Sonoma and Napa Counties south to northern Monterey County and east central California (one species, C. auburn) from Placer and El Dorado Counties (Figs 69 – 71).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707CFFA6B289448EFA99FD45.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 11, 59 – 60, 69	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707CFFA6B289448EFA99FD45.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀. U. S. A.: California: Marin County, R. V. Chamberlin (AMNH), examined but subsequently lost. Neotype ♂ designated by Bennett (2006) from U. S. A.: California: Marin County, San Geronimo (37 ° 59 ' N 122 ° 42 ' W), 19 September 1963, J. Ivie & W. Ivie (AMNH), examined. See discussion of type material and synonymy in Bennett (2006). Other material examined. Specimens and locality data in Bennett (2006). (Note: Green Valley locality, considered by Bennett (2006) to be “ probably Sonoma Co. ”, could be in Solano Co.)	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707CFFA6B289448EFA99FD45.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of C. adenes is diagnosed by the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis: tip bifid with the two tips slightly divergent (Figs 1, 59 – 60). Known males of the other species of the adenes group have either a single (C. amicus: Fig. 56; C. auburn: Fig. 63; C. grizzlyi: Fig. 61) or trifid (C. reducens: Fig. 57) tip on the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis. Males of some species also have a bifid tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis but in those males there are fewer peg setae on the patellar apophysis and the bifid tips are more or less convergent (C. sanbruno: Figs 45, 67; C. schusteri: Figs 51, 65). The female of C. adenes is distinguished from all other females of the adenes group except C. grizzlyi by the form of the atrium. The atrium in females of C. adenes and C. grizzlyi is inverted U-shaped or lyriform, relatively narrow (length from epigastric groove to anterior margin> width between lateral margins), and widest anteriorly (C. adenes: Figs 4, 7, 9; C. grizzlyi: Fig. 30). The atrium in females of all other species of the adenes group either has its lateral ends strongly curved anteriorly (C. sanbruno: Figs 47 – 48), is inverted U- or vase-shaped (but not lyriform) and widest posteriorly (C. schusteri: Fig. 53; C. amicus: Figs 15 – 16; C. torosus: Fig. 54; C. pearcei: Fig. 33), or is relatively broad with length <width (C. reducens: Figs 38, 41, 43; C. auburn: Figs 21 – 22). (Most females of C. schusteri are distinguished by the inverted vase-shaped atrium (Fig. 53) but the atrial morphology of some specimens may resemble that of females of C. adenes and C. grizzlyi. Collection of males with females may be the only way to ensure reliable identification in such instances.) Females of C. grizzlyi and C. adenes apparently are morphologically indistinguishable but can be separated by their respective distributions: both are found in the San Francisco Bay area of California but C. grizzlyi appears to be restricted to Contra Costa and Alameda Counties to the east of San Francisco Bay (Fig. 70) while C. adenes is more widespread and found to the north and east of the Bay area in Marin, Napa, Sonoma, San Francisco, and possibly Solano Counties (Fig. 69).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707CFFA6B289448EFA99FD45.taxon	description	Description. Femora unbanded. Male: (n = 9). Patellar apophysis (Fig. 2) with variable number of peg setae (most specimens have about two dozen) on concave or convex antero-dorsal surface. Very small retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 3). Dorsal keel (Figs 59 – 60) present on proximal arm of tegular apophysis, usually inconspicuous but occasionally prominent. (n = 8). CL 2.15 – 2.6 (2.5), CW 1.60 – 2.00 (1.83), SL 1.08 – 1.29 (1.22), SW 1.00 – 1.26 (1.17). Neotype CL 2.45, CW 1.80, SL 1.22, SW 1.17. Female: (n = 39). Atrium (Figs 4, 7, 9) usually conspicuous, occasionally indistinct such that atrium may appear divided, anterior margin often sinuous, length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 1.5 – 2 times width (between lateral margins). Copulatory ducts (Figs 5 – 6, 8, 10 – 11) well separated, attached to lateral margins of atrium. (n = 22). CL 1.58 – 2.8 (2.2 ± 0.3), CW 1.12 – 1.90 (1.49 ± 0.23), SL 0.86 – 1.35 (1.10 ± 0.14), SW 0.79 – 1.28 (1.02 ± 0.13). Holotype (lost) CL 2.20, CW 1.55, SL 1.12, SW 1.05.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33707CFFA6B289448EFA99FD45.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. West central California: Marin, Napa, San Francisco, Sonoma, and possibly Solano Counties in the San Francisco Bay area (Fig. 69). Males have been collected from mid-September to mid- November. Cybaeus adenes and C. grizzlyi are the most commonly encountered species of the adenes group.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337079FFABB28944D5FD1FFCB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀. U. S. A.: California: Santa Cruz County, Brookdale [midway between Ben Lomond and Boulder Creek, Highway 9], March 1913, R. V. Chamberlin (AMNH), examined. Other material examined. U. S. A.: California: Alameda. 1 ♀, Niles Canyon, 21. iii. 1941, W. M. Pearce (AMNH); Monterey. 4 ♀, Aromas, 8. xii. 1974, D. Ubick (DU); San Mateo. 1 ♂, Alpine Road, 0.5 mi. SE of Pesca- dero Road, 18. xi. 1988, D. Ubick (DU); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 2 air mi. S of La Honda, 18. xi. 1988, D. Ubick (DU); 2 ♀, Portola [Valley?], 30. x. 1921, J. C. Chamberlin (AMNH); 1 ♀, San Gregorio Beach, 1920 / 1921, J. C. Chamberlin (AMNH); 1 ♀, Woodside, winter 1957 / 1958, Washburn (AMNH); 1 ♂, S of Woodside, 17. ix. 1964, J. & W. Ivie (AMNH); Santa Clara. 1 ♂, Alum Rock Park, 8. x. 1979, D. Ubick (DU); 2 ♀, Highway 17, 2 mi. N of Holy City, 6. xii. 1966, V. D. Roth & Ferguson (AMNH); 1 ♀, Los Gatos, 18. iii. 1984, D. Ubick (DU); 2 ♀, Stanford University environs, x. 1920, no collector data (AMNH); Santa Cruz. 1 ♀, Ben Lomond, 2000 ’, iv. 1934, L. W. Saylor (AMNH); 2 ♀, Brookdale, iii. 1913, R. V. Chamberlin (AMNH), 1 ♀, Felton, iii. 1913, no collector data (AMNH).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337079FFABB28944D5FD1FFCB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The banded femora of male and female C. amicus may often be sufficient to separate them from specimens of other adenes group species except for C. auburn and C. torosus. In addition, the male of C. amicus is diagnosed by the number and arrangement of peg setae on the patellar apophysis and the morphology of the proximal end of the tegular apophysis. Forty to 50 peg setae are distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the patellar apophysis (Fig. 13). The proximal arm of the tegular apophysis has a single tip and its ventral and retrolateral surfaces are concave (Figs 12, 56). No other known male of the adenes group has this combination of features. The female of C. amicus may be difficult to differentiate from some of the females of other species of the adenes group. Its strongly concave atrium (Figs 15 – 16) distinguishes it from females with weakly concave atria: C. auburn (Figs 21 – 22) and some C. reducens (Figs 38 – 39). From specimens of C. reducens with moderately concave atria, females of C. amicus can be distinguished by the length-to-width ratio of the atrium and the general form of the vulva: length> width and vulva “ normal ” in C. amicus (Figs 15 – 17) versus length <width and vulva appearing reduced or compressed in C. reducens (Figs 41, 43). From females of the other adenes group species with strongly concave atria, females of C. amicus can be distinguished by the atrium being inverted U-shaped and widest posteriorly (Figs 15 – 16) versus inverted vase-shaped and widest posteriorly in C. schusteri (Fig. 53), inverted lyriform and widest anteriorly in C. adenes (Figs 4 - 7, 9 – 11) and C. grizzlyi (Figs 28, 30), or inverted U-shaped but parallelsided in C. pearcei (Fig. 33); by the lateral ends of the atrium being unmodified (Figs 15 – 16) versus strongly curved antero-medially in C. sanbruno (Figs 47 – 48); and by the copulatory ducts being of relatively narrow diameter and lightly sclerotized throughout their length (Figs 16 – 17) versus very broad and lightly sclerotized anteriorly and narrow and heavily sclerotized posteriorly in females of C. torosus (Fig. 55).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337079FFABB28944D5FD1FFCB1.taxon	description	Description. Femora lightly to strongly banded. Male: (n = 5). Very small retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 14). (n = 5). CL 2.4 – 2.9 (2.6), CW 1.75 – 2.03 (1.89), SL 1.17 – 1.35 (1.28), SW 1.16 – 1.33 (1.24). Female: (n = 20). Atrium (Figs 9 – 11) with anterior margin smoothly curved, length (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 1.2 – 1.6 times width (between lateral margins). Vulva (Figs 10 – 11) similar to C. adenes. (n = 20). CL 2.38 – 3.3 (2.8 ± 0.3), CW 1.55 – 2.33 (1.91 ± 0.20), SL 1.18 – 1.50 (1.31 ± 0.09), SW 1.09 – 1.43 (1.24 ± 0.09). Holotype CL 2.5, CW 1.76, SL 1.22, SW 1.15.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337079FFABB28944D5FD1FFCB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. West central California from southern San Francisco Bay area south to northern Monterey County (Fig. 69). Males have been collected from mid – September to mid – November. Oak and redwood forests support populations of this species.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01.taxon	description	Figs 18 – 24, 63 – 64, 70	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂. U. S. A.: California: Placer County, Elders Corner, five miles north of Auburn, 27 December 1986, D. Ubick (CAS). Paratypes. U. S. A.: California: El Dorado. 2 ♀, near Nashville, 5. iii. 1958, L. M. Smith & R. O. Schuster (CAS); Placer. 1 ♀, Auburn, 12. iii. 1958, R. O. Schuster & V. D. Roth (CAS).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The lightly banded femora of male and female C. auburn may often be sufficient to separate them from specimens of other adenes group species except for C. amicus and C. torosus. In addition, the male of C. auburn is diagnosed by the relatively short patellar apophysis (Fig. 19) and, more reliably, the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis (Figs 18, 63 – 64). The length of the patellar apophysis is about 2 / 3 the width of the patella; in the known males of all other adenes group species the length of the patellar apophysis is nearly equal to the width of the patella. However, this difference is slight and difficult to determine. The tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis is single, slender, and slightly corkscrewed while dorsal to the tip there is a relatively large, blunt, proximo-ventrally directed process (Figs 63 – 64) which gives the proximal arm the appearance of being bifid. In the other males of the adenes group with a single pointed tip of the proximal arm, the tip is untwisted and the prominent blunt dorsal process is lacking (C. amicus: Fig. 56) or sharply pointed (C. grizzlyi: Figs 61 – 62). The remaining adenes group males have a distinctly bifid (C. adenes: Figs 59 – 60; C. sanbruno: Fig. 67; C. schusteri: Fig. 65), or trifid tip (C. reducens: Fig. 57). The female of C. auburn is distinguished by the form of the atrium and, when present, the small epigynal pit. The atrium is broad, weakly concave, and located antero-medially on the epigynum (Figs 21 – 22). No other female in the adenes group has this combination of characters; in particular, the atrium in all other species is anteriorly located on the epigynum. As well, most females of C. auburn have a small pit located postero-medially on the epigynum (discernible in cleared specimens: Figs 22 – 23), lacking in females of all other adenes group species.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01.taxon	description	Description. Femora very lightly banded. Male: (n = 1). Patellar apophysis (Fig. 240) with about 25 peg setae on dorsal surface. No retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis. Holotype CL 2.45, CW 1.83, SL 1.20, SW 1.16. Female: (n = 3). Length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) about 3 / 4 width (between lateral margins). Posterior epigynal pit lacking in Auburn specimen. CL 1.83, 1.93, 2.6; CW 1.35, 1.35, 2.00; SL 0.98, 0.99, 1.26; SW 0.92, 0.92, 1.18 (Auburn specimen listed second).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337076FFA8B2894093FE88FE01.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western lower slopes of the Sierra Nevada of Placer and El Dorado Counties in east central California (Fig. 70).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFA8B28941D7FB80F97B.taxon	description	Figs 25 – 32, 61 – 62, 69	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFA8B28941D7FB80F97B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ of C. grizzlyi. U. S. A.: California: Alameda County, Grizzly Peak, near Berkeley, 5 November 1938, no collector data (NHMB), examined. Lectotype ♀ of C. adenoides. U. S. A.: California: Alameda County, Berkeley Hills, 23 April 1939, no collector data (NHMB), examined. See discussion of type material and synonymy in Bennett (2006). Other material examined. Specimens and locality data in Bennett (2006). Note: Castro Valley females number only 4 (not 43 as listed in Bennett 2006).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFA8B28941D7FB80F97B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of C. grizzlyi is diagnosed by the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis which is deeply grooved ventrally with a single, blade-like tip and a prominent pointed keel dorsally (Figs 25, 61 – 62). The keel is absent in the known males of the other adenes group species with a single tip of the proximal arm (C. amicus: Fig. 56) or is a broad blunt protuberance (C. auburn: Figs 63 – 64) and in males of other species with a similar bluntly pointed dorsal keel, the tip of the proximal arm is bifid (C. adenes: Figs 59 – 60; C. sanbruno: Fig. 67; C. schusteri: Fig. 65) or trifid (C. reducens: Fig. 57). The inverted U-shaped or lyriform atrium, widest anteriorly (Fig. 30), distinguishes the female of C. grizzlyi from females of all other adenes group species except C. adenes (and occasionally C. schusteri). From females of C. adenes this species can evidently only be separated on the basis of locality. Collection of males with females may be the only way to ensure reliable separation of females of C. grizzlyi and C. schusteri with similar atrial morphology. See diagnosis of C. adenes for further discussion.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFA8B28941D7FB80F97B.taxon	description	Description. Femora unbanded. Male: (n = 24). Patellar apophysis (Fig. 26) with about 30 peg setae along anterodorsal surface. Small retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carina (Figs 26 – 27). (n = 16). CL 2.15 – 2.9 (2.6 ± 0.2), CW 1.63 – 2.13 (1.90 ± 0.14), SL 1.11 – 1.45 (1.29 ± 0.09), SW 1.05 – 1.35 (1.21 ± 0.09). Holotype CL 2.50, CW 1.83, SL 1.36, SW 1.14. Female: (n = 76). (Figs 28 – 32). Description as for C. adenes. (n = 23). CL 2.00 – 3.0 (2.4 ± 0.3), CW 1.16 – 2.05 (1.65 ± 0.24), SL 0.99 – 1.43 (1.21 ± 0.13), SW 0.93 – 1.33 (1.13 ± 0.13). Holotype of C. adenoides CL 2.6, CW 1.85, SL 1.30, SW 1.25.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFA8B28941D7FB80F97B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. Known only from Contra Costa and Alameda Counties in west central California (Fig. 69) where it is apparently relatively common. At the University of California (Berkeley) campus this species has been collected under logs in eucalyptus groves. Elsewhere it has been found under bark. Males have been collected from mid – October to late December with one record from late April.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21.taxon	description	Figs 33 – 34, 71	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀. U. S. A.: California: Alameda County, Calaveras Dam, 15 March 1939, W. M. Pearce (AMNH).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring W. M. Pearce, the collector of the only known specimen of this species.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female of C. pearcei is characterized by its small atrium (Figs 33 – 34): strongly concave and inverted U – shaped with inconspicuous relatively narrowly separated parallel lateral margins and length (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 2.5 – 3.0 times width (between lateral margins). Other females of the adenes group that possess strongly concave inverted atria have the margins farther apart and not usually parallel and length to width ratios of 1.2 – 2.0 (C. adenes: Figs 4, 9; C. amicus: Figs 15 – 16; C. grizzlyi: Fig. 30; C. sanbruno: Figs 47 – 48; C. schusteri: Fig. 53; C. torosus: Fig. 54). The male is unknown.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21.taxon	description	Description. Femora unbanded. Female: (n = 1). Copulatory ducts (Fig. 34) attached to anterolateral margins of atrium, nearly contiguous anteriorly; Bennett’s glands small and inconspicuous although possibly the specimen is newly matured and the glands are not fully developed (see Bennett 2006). Holotype CL 2.00, CW 1.38, SL 1.03, SW 0.98.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337074FFADB2894749FEBBFD21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality near the southern boundary of Alameda County in west central California (Fig. 71).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337071FFB2B2894503FAFEFE95.taxon	description	Figs 35 – 43, 57 – 58, 70	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337071FFB2B2894503FAFEFE95.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀. U. S. A.: California: Monterey County, Pacific Grove, 17 August 1931, W. Ivie (AMNH), examined. Other material examined. U. S. A.: California: Monterey. 6 ♀, 14 mi. S of Big Sur, 22. xii. 1953, V. D. Roth (CAS); 3 ♀, 17 mi. S of Big Sur, 22. xii. 1953, V. D. Roth (AMNH); 1 ♀, Carmel, 6. iv. 1954, no collector data (AMNH); 3 ♀, 1 mi. N of Carmel, 21. xii. 1953, V. D. Roth (CAS); 2 ♀, Pacific Grove, 1913, R. V. Chamberlin (AMNH); 2 ♀, 6. viii. 1931, R. V. Chamberlin (AMNH); 6 ♀, 17. viii. 1931, W. Ivie (AMNH); 5 ♀, 1. ix. 1931, W. Ivie (AMNH); 2 ♀, Pebble Beach, Crest Road, 19. ix. 1959, L. M. Smith (AMNH); Santa Clara. 1 ♂, 3.6 mi. from San Felipe Road on Silver Creek Road [SE of San Jose], 2. i. 1983, T. S. Briggs, D. Ubick & V. F. Lee (DU).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337071FFB2B2894503FAFEFE95.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The near absence of peg setae on the patellar apophysis and the morphology of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis diagnose the male of C. reducens. The patellar apophysis (Fig. 36) in the single known male has only two small peg setae located dorsally near the tip of the apophysis. The proximal arm of the tegular apophysis (Figs 35, 57 – 58) has a trifid tip and, dorsally, a prominent angular keel. No other males in the adenes group have this combination of characters. The female is distinguished by the combination of the broad, slightly to moderately concave atrium located anteriorly on the epigynum (Figs 38, 41) and the compact, apparently strongly reduced vulva (Figs 39 – 40, 42 – 43). The females of all other adenes group species have narrow, strongly concave atria and “ normal ” (well-developed and not apparently reduced) vulvae (C. adenes: Figs 4 – 6, 9 – 111; C. amicus: Figs 15 – 17; C. grizzlyi: Figs 28 – 32; C. pearcei: Figs 33 – 34; C. sanbruno: Figs 7 – 49; C. schusteri: Fig. 53; C. torosus: Figs 54 – 55). The atrium and vulva of female C. auburn are antero-medially located on the epigynum (Figs 21 – 22) and “ normal ” (Figs 23 – 24), respectively.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337071FFB2B2894503FAFEFE95.taxon	description	Description. Femora unbanded. Male: (n = 1). Proximal arm of tegular apophysis (Fig. 57) with trifid tip: anterior-most termination rounded and prominent, two others smaller and pointed. Very small inconspicuous retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 36). CL 2.28, CW 1.65, SL 1.16, SW 1.11. Note. This male has been paired with the females of C. reducens because of the similarity of all specimens in size, coloration, and range (although the females were all collected in a small area along the coast and the male from about 70 km away and 35 km inland). Female: (n = 31). Length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) 0.7 – 1.0 times width (between lateral margins) (Figs 38, 41). Vulva (Figs 39 – 40, 42 – 43) usually very small, compact. (n = 23). CL 1.98 – 3.1 (2.5 + 0.3), CW 1.35 – 2.05 (1.70 + 0.20), SL 0.99 – 1.43 (1.21 + 0.12), SW 0.90 – 1.30 (1.14 + 0.11). Holotype CL 2.8, CW 1.98, SL 1.29, SW 1.26.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D337071FFB2B2894503FAFEFE95.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. West central California from coastal northern Monterey County inland to central Santa Clara County (Fig 70). The male was collected in early January at an elevation of 70 meters.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706EFFB1B289417BFD5AFCD5.taxon	description	Figs 44 – 49, 67 – 68, 70	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706EFFB1B289417BFD5AFCD5.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. Specimens and locality data in Copley et al. (2009).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706EFFB1B289417BFD5AFCD5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of C. sanbruno is diagnosed by a combination of features of the patellar apophysis and the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis. The patellar apophysis has 13 peg setae in an antero-dorsal cluster (Fig. 45). The tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis is bifid with the terminations pincer-like and convergent and there is a small but prominent, pointed dorsal keel (Figs 44, 67 – 68). The males of the two other adenes group species with a bifid tip of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis either have the terminations divergent and an inconspicuous dorsal keel and, on the patellar apophysis, a larger number of peg setae (C. adenes: Figs 1 – 2, 59 – 60) or have the terminations of the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis only weakly convergent and not pincer-like and the peg setae arranged more-or-less linearly along the tip and dorsal edge of the patellar apophysis (C. schusteri: Figs 51, 65) The female is distinguished by its inverted U-shaped atrium, widest posteriorly and with the posterior ends curved anteriorly (the latter feature is inconspicuous but visible in cleared epigynum using a compound microscope) (Figs 47 – 48). In addition the very short, thick-walled, contiguous (or nearly so) copulatory ducts (Figs 48 – 49) are diagnostic. None of the other adenes group females have atria or copulatory ducts of this form.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706EFFB1B289417BFD5AFCD5.taxon	description	Description. See Copley et al. (2009). Palpal tibia with small retrolateral ridge anteriorly, dorsal to the carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 46).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706EFFB1B289417BFD5AFCD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. Known only from San Bruno Mountain, San Mateo County, in west central California (Fig. 70). See Copley et al. (2009).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41.taxon	description	Figs 50 – 53, 65 – 66, 70	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂. U. S. A.: California: Napa County, 10 miles south of Monticello, 6 January 1957, R. O. Schuster (AMNH). Paratypes. U. S. A.: California: Napa. 1 ♀, 5 mi. S of Monticello, 6. i. 1957, R. O. Schuster (AMNH); 2 ♀, 10 mi. S of Monticello, 16. iii. 1956, R. O. Schuster (AMNH); 1 ♀, 10 mi. S of Monticello, 17. ii. 1957, R. O. Schuster (AMNH).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a patronym honouring the late R. O. Schuster who collected the holotype and paratypes of this species.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of C. schusteri is diagnosed by the combination of about ten small peg setae arranged linearly along the dorsal surface and tip of the patellar apophysis (Fig. 51) and, on the proximal arm of the tegular apophysis (Figs 50, 65 – 66), the bifid tip with the terminations small, not pincer-like, and only slightly convergent and the presence of a small but prominent angular dorsal keel. Although no other male of the adenes group has this combination of characters, the males of C. schusteri and C. sanbruno can be confused; see the diagnosis of C. sanbruno for further discussion. The female is distinguished by the inverted vase-shaped atrium which is narrowest anteriorly and widest posteriorly (Fig. 53). It may be difficult to differentiate some females of this species from females of C. adenes and C. grizzlyi. See the diagnosis of C. adenes for further discussion.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41.taxon	description	Description. Femora unbanded. Male: (n = 1). Small inconspicuous retrolateral ridge anteriorly on tibia dorsal to carinate retrolateral tibial apophysis (Fig. 51). Holotype. CL 1.73, CW 1.30, SL 0.94, SW 0.86. Female. (n = 4). Length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) about twice width (between lateral margins) (Fig. 53). Vulva (Fig. 53) as for C. adenes. CL 1.75 – 2.10 (1.94), CW 1.26 – 1.45 (1.35), SL 0.94 – 1.09 (1.02), SW 0.85 – 0.99 (0.93). Note. The female of C. adenes from near St. Helena, Napa County (Figs 9 – 11), may prove to be a specimen of C. schusteri. Males and a larger sample of females from that area are needed to determine if one or both of C. adenes and C. schusteri occur in the St. Helena area.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706CFFB7B2894093FF06FC41.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Monticello area near south end of Lake Berryessa, Napa County, in west central California (Fig. 70).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01.taxon	description	Figs 54 – 55, 71	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀. U. S. A.: California: Alameda County [no other locality data], 22 March 1941, W. M. Pearce (AMNH). Paratypes. U. S. A.: California: Alameda. 3 ♀, same data as holotype.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin for “ muscular, bulging ” and refers to the resemblance of the vulva of this species in dorsal view to a muscle-flexing body-builder.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male is unknown. The female of C. torosus is unlikely to be confused with females of other adenes group species and is distinguished by a combination of features of the atrium and the copulatory ducts. The atrium is inverted, U-shaped, and widest posteriorly (Fig. 54). The outer lateral margins of the copulatory ducts are clearly visible through the integument in ventral uncleared view of the epigynum (Fig. 54) and the ducts themselves are broad and lightly sclerotized anteriorly at their origin at the atrium and narrowed and heavily sclerotized closer to the spermathecal heads (Fig. 55).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01.taxon	description	Description. Abdomen very dark; femora lightly banded. Female: (n = 4). Length of atrium (from epigastric groove to anterior margin) about twice width (between lateral margins) (Fig. 55). (n = 4). CL 2.6 – 3.0 (2.9), CW 1.70 – 2.10 (1.93), SL 1.24 – 1.43 (1.35), SW 1.12 – 1.30 (1.25). Holotype CL 2.9, CW 1.93, SL 1.35, SW 1.29.	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
2F5B4D33706BFFB4B2894417FDC4FE01.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Alameda County on the east side of San Francisco Bay in west central California (Fig. 71).	en	Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia, Copley, Darren (2019): Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 245-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.2
