taxonID	type	description	language	source
2F6D87D43253FFD9FF4B3FADC3FFF8C6.taxon	description	This genus includes several large species distributed in Central and South America; they are mostly dark moths with crepuscular habits (Worthy et al. 2022). Described by Houlbert (1918), it was considered a valid genus until Moraes & Duarte (2014) synonymized it with Telchin Hübner, [1825]. However, Worthy et al. (2022) reinstated the genus, recognizing four species (A. angusta (H. Druce, 1907); A. cacica (Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]); A. papilionaris (Walker, [1865]) and A. procera (Boisduval, [1875] )), from which a few subspecies derive. They also erected the new genus Vadina Worthy, González & Zilli, 2022 for Castnia hodeei Oberthür, 1881, originally included in Amauta before Moraes & Duarte (2014). The larvae of these species feed on heliconias (Heliconia spp., Heliconiaceae), bananas and / or plantains (Musa spp., Musaceae) and they might be associated with bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) (Suárez-Capello et al. 2002; Miller & Sourakov 2009; Aya et al. 2022; Worthy et al. 2022).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43252FFD8FF4B3AD5C55AF8AF.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 C, 1 D, 10 A, 10 B, 12 A) (BIN: BOLD: AAE 1998) Castnia procera Boisduval, [1875]; Boisduval, [1875]. Spec. Gén. des Lép. Hét. Tome 1: Sphin., Sesi., Cast., p. 503. Graya panamensis Buchecker, [1899]; Buchecker, [1899]. Sist. Ent. Insect. Class. Gen. Spec. Pars 6, p. 15, fig. 20. Castnia cacica f. procera; Strand, 1913, in Seitz. Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6, p. 8. Castnia cacica ab. bivittifera; Strand, 1913, in Seitz. Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6, p. 8. Castnia cacica ab. macula; Strand, 1913, in Seitz. Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6, p. 8. Amauta procera; Houlbert, 1918. Étud. Lép. Comp. 15, pp. 62, 131, 675, pl. CDXXXIX, fig. 3781. Amauta cacica procera; Miller, 1995, in Heppner. Castnioidea: Castniidae: Castniinae, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep., p. 133. Amauta cacica procera; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 75. Amauta procera; Worthy et al., 2022. Zootaxa 5194 (3), p. 333, figs. 3 A, 6 A – C, 12 A. General comments. A large species that shows little sexual dimorphism. However, the thickness of the bands and spots, as well as the rounded shape of the forewings in females, facilitate their differentiation from the males. This taxon has a brownish-black base color and has a similar pattern on both wing surfaces in both sexes. It has a thin creamy-white band in the postdiscal region of the forewing, an orange band in the postdiscal region of the hindwing, and a band with 4 – 5 orange spots in the submarginal region. This castniid was described based on a single specimen whose labels indicate that it came from Mexico; however, Boisduval ([1875]) stated that Monsieur Paul de l’Orza received said specimen from Guatemala (Van den Berghe et al. 2020; Worthy et al. 2022). A specimen deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, bears labels that indicate that it came from Mexico (González et al. 2010). Apart from these two specimens, no others are known from those two countries, raising doubts about their origin; they were perhaps mislabeled. For some decades, procera was considered to be a subspecies of A. cacica due to only slight differences in wing pattern between the taxa; however, the male genitalia differ considerably, so Worthy et al. (2022) elevated it to species level.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43252FFD8FF4B3AD5C55AF8AF.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Larvae of A. procera feeding on plantains (Musa spp.: Musaceae) have been detected in the Guanacaste region of Costa Rica and are considered a pest (Suárez-Capello et al. 2002; Worthy et al. 2022). As adults, males and females have been observed in Costa Rica and Panama, feeding on inflorescences of Heliconia pogonantha Cufod. (Heliconiaceae) (Miller & Sourakov 2009; Worthy et al. 2022; iNaturalist 2023). Amauta procera is a crepuscular species and has been sighted late in the afternoon in some Nicaraguan locations (Van den Berghe et al. 2020). According to the label information of some specimens studied, and in iNaturalist (2023), several specimens have been sighted / collected during twilight and at night, attracted to mercury vapor light traps, this has also been reported with other Amauta species in South America (Miller, 1986; Worthy et al., 2022). Gernot Kunz (pers. comm.) observed, on two different occasions, specimens of A. procera attracted to light sources during the night at Esquinas Rainforest Lodge, Golfito, Puntarenas, Costa Rica.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43252FFD8FF4B3AD5C55AF8AF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. This species is found in Central America, and is allopatrically distributed with the closely related A. cacica from Colombia (Worthy et al. 2022). According to the biogeographic provinces of the Neotropical region proposed by Morrone et al. (2022), in Costa Rica A. procera flies in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion, but also in the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, all in the Brazilian subregion. The species has been recorded from Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, but a few old specimens in the collections examined have labels showing no accurate data, but supposedly from Mexico, Guatemala or Brazil, information which is probably erroneous or unreliable (Worthy et al. 2022). It has been reported from both the Pacific and Caribbean slopes in Costa Rica. The following is a list of Costa Rican provinces and the respective cantons where the species has been observed or collected: Alajuela: Alajuela, Guatuso, San Carlos, San Ramón, Upala; Cartago: Jiménez, Turrialba; Guanacaste: Tilarán; Heredia: Heredia, Sarapiquí; Limón: Guácimo, Limón, Pococí, Talamanca; Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Coto Brus, Golfito, Osa, Puntarenas.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43254FFDEFF4B3AD5C612FBCB.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 B, 12 A) Castnia amethystina Houlbert, 1917; Houlbert, 1917. Étud. Lép. Comp. 13, p. 54. Amauta amethystina; Houlbert, 1918. Étud. Lép. Comp. 15, pp. 62, 138, 676, fig. 49. Castnia (Amauta) papilionaris amethystina; Rothschild, 1919. Novit. Zool. 26 (1), p. 3. Amauta papilionaris amethystina; Miller, 1995, in Heppner. Castnioidea: Castniidae: Castniinae, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep., p. 133. Amauta papilionaris amethystina; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 76. Amauta papilionaris amethystina; Worthy et al., 2022. Zootaxa 5194 (3), p. 321, figs. 4 D, 8 A – B. General comments. In the latest revision of the genus Amauta, three subspecies were included in A. papilionaris (Walker, [1865]), lionela, papilionaris, and amethystina, with the latter having the northernmost distribution. However, this subspecies is only known from two male specimens from Central America: the holotype, collected in Panama, and an additional specimen found in the province of Limón in Costa Rica (Worthy et al. 2022). The female is unknown. Authors such as Rothschild (1919), Apolinar (1945), González (1999), and Racheli & Vinciguerra (2006) reported specimens of this subspecies from Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador; however, those specimens were found to actually correspond to the nominal subspecies (Worthy et al. 2022). Amauta papilionaris amethystina differs from A. papilionaris papilionaris (Walker, [1865]) by having a wider yellowish band in the postdiscal region of the forewing and a slightly narrower postdiscal blue band on the hindwing, similar to that of Amauta papilionaris lionela Lamas, 1995. It also differs from both subspecies by having a slightly more purplish coloration.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43254FFDEFF4B3AD5C612FBCB.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Nothing is known about its behavior and host plants. It is probably crepuscular like other species in the genus.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43254FFDEFF4B3AD5C612FBCB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. The exact locality of only one specimen is known (Limón, Costa Rica), based on the description, its type locality is “ Panama ”. This subspecies may have a wider distribution in Costa Rica and Panama, but due to its habits, it has proved difficult to find. According to the biogeographic provinces of the Neotropical region proposed by Morrone et al. (2022), the locality in which the only known Costa Rican specimen of A. p. amethystina was collected belongs to the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43254FFDEFF4B3E8CC467F8B3.taxon	description	According to the latest taxonomic revision, this genus has four large species: C. dolopia (H. Druce, 1907), C. mathani (Oberthür, 1881), C. pylades (Stoll, 1782), and C. veraguana (Westwood, 1877) (Moraes & Duarte 2014), although, how closely related they are is open to some doubt (Worthy et al. 2022). They are largely dark moths that show only slight sexual dimorphism (Lamas 1995; Vinciguerra 2008; Moraes & Duarte 2014). Most taxa are South American; however, C. veraguana veraguana (Westwood, 1877) is known from Central America (Maes & González 2022). Reports indicate that individuals fly during the day (from 9 a. m. to noon), however, some have been collected with mercury vapor light traps at night (Miller 1986, Vinciguerra 2008; Cock & González 2012; Jean-Michel Maes, pers. comm.). Specimens of the possibly related C. mathani have been observed flying during the morning, but also during the twilight hours in Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela (Cock & González 2012; Francisco de la Villa, Renato & Roberto Mattei, pers. comm.). Not much is known about the biology, ecology, and behavior of the taxa. Strand (1913) reported that C. pylades larvae feed on bananas (Musaceae); while Moss (1945) recorded females of this species ovipositing on various species of palms (Arecaceae) in Pará, Brazil. Moss (1945) also pointed out that Acrocomia sclerocarpa Mart. (= Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Ex Mart.) (Arecaceae) could possibly be the host plant for C. mathani in Pará, Brazil.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43256FFDCFF4B3AD5C376F9CE.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 A, 12 D)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43256FFDCFF4B3AD5C376F9CE.taxon	description	Corybantes veraguana veraguana; Miller, 1995, in Heppner. Castnioidea: Castniidae: Castniinae, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep., p. 133. Corybantes veraguana veraguana; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 76. Corybantes veraguana; Moraes & Duarte, 2014. Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2), p. 30. General comments. Corybantes veraguana veraguana (Westwood, 1877) was described, as Castnia veraguana, from Veraguas (today Panama) and it is the only known castniid of this genus found in Central America. However, the records of this subspecies are limited, while the two South American subspecies, C. veraguana govara (Schaus, 1896) from Central Colombia and C. veraguana parambae (Rothschild, 1919) from Southwest Colombia and Northwest Ecuador, are better represented in entomological collections worldwide. There are only four records of this subspecies, including the holotype, among the several collections and literature we studied. Of the three subspecies, C. v. govara is the most different in wing pattern since neither sex possesses the postdiscal band of orange spots on the dorsal hindwing. Corybantes veraguana veraguana has a dark brown base color on the dorsal forewing, which becomes lighter in the subapical region and in the upper middle region of the “ <” - shaped discal band that runs from the costa to vein 2 A; it also has two translucent spots in the apical region. The hindwing is dark with an orange band that runs along the wing from the costa to the anal region, which branches out in the postdiscal region and forms a postdiscal band that goes from vein Rs to the anal angle; both bands seem to form spots, since the veins are black, so the bands do not appear continuous. The basal area of all wings is brown. Ventrally, the wing pattern is similar, but less defined than dorsally; black scales appear in the inner half of the forewing and there are some blue scales on the hindwing. The wing pattern is very similar in both sexes, the females differ by being larger, having more rounded forewings, a slightly paler coloration, and the postdiscal orange band on the hindwing is wider than in males.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43256FFDCFF4B3AD5C376F9CE.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Very little is known about the ecology and behavior of the subspecies. Jean-Michel Maes (pers. comm.) points out that the specimen cited by Maes & González (2022) was collected in a light trap used to attract Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera). Consequently, due to the scarcity of this subspecies in collections and knowing that at least one individual was captured at night, we could hypothesize that C. veraguana might be crepuscular, which together with the well-known territorial behavior of many other castniids could explain why they are so difficult to observe and collect, and the reason for their paucity in collections.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43256FFDCFF4B3AD5C376F9CE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. Besides the holotype from Veragua [Panama] (Westwood 1877), the subspecies was reported for the first time for Nicaragua by Maes & González (2022), a male collected in Refugio Bartola, Río San Juan. They mentioned that, given the known distribution of the species, it could possibly be found in Costa Rica. Certainly, a female of C. v. veraguana was found in MNCR, originally collected in Magsasay, Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica, the first known record for the country. Additionally, we are aware of another specimen from the same region posted in iNaturalist (2023); it was photographed just 2.5 km east of the location where the MNCR female was collected. We are unaware of other localities where C. v. veraguana could be found. Based on the biogeographic proposal of Morrone et al. (2022), C. v. veraguana has been recorded in Costa Rican localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43256FFD3FF4B3C89C785FCA2.taxon	description	In the last three decades, the genus Telchin has undergone some changes in terms of the number of species that comprise it. Fletcher & Nye (1982) and Miller (1995) ignored the genus, but Lamas (1995) restored it, since Telchin Hübner, [1825] is the oldest generic name assigned to Papilio licus Drury, 1773. Lamas (1995) considered it as a monotypic genus, having Telchin licus (Drury, 1773) as its only species, with twelve subspecies. Later, González & Cock (2004) synonymized Erythrocastnia Houlbert, 1918 with Telchin Hübner, [1825]. Then, Moraes & Duarte (2009) studied three species of the Telchin licus complex, synonymizing Castniomera Houlbert, 1918 with Telchin. They listed three species within the genus, T. atymnius, T. licus, and T. syphax. Years later, Moraes & Duarte (2014) synonymized four other genera under Telchin: Amauta Houlbert, 1918, Xanthocastnia Houlbert, 1918, Frostetola Oiticica, 1955, and Divana Miller, 1982, and transferred Geyeria hubneri (Gray, 1838) to Telchin, increasing the number of species within the genus to eleven. However, in a review of the genera Amauta and Divana, Worthy et al. (2022) reinstated both of them. Currently, the number of Telchin species seems to be reduced to six (T. atymnius, T. evalthe, T. gramivora, T. hubneri, T. licus and T. syphax), with a large number of subspecies. However, a thorough revision of the genus is needed, not only because some of those subspecies could be synonymized or restored to species level, but some taxa might be placed in other genera. As of today, this is possibly the genus with the widest distribution in the Americas and can be found from Mexico, throughout Central America to South America (Miller 1986, 1995; Lamas 1995; García-Díaz 2022 a). However, confusion among species and subspecies in the genus in the literature, together with the lack of taxonomic and distributional limits between taxa make it difficult to clearly understand the group. Adults are diurnal and some species such as T. atymnius and T. licus are pests of heliconias (Heliconia spp.: Heliconiaceae), bananas and plantains (Musa spp.: Musaceae) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum: Poaceae) in several countries (Gallego 1946, 1963; Lara 1964 a, 1964 b, 1965, 1966 a, 1966 b; Miller 1986; González & Fernández-Yépez 1993; González & Cock 2004; González et al. 2010; González et al. 2017; González & Domagała 2019; Aya et al. 2022; García-Díaz 2022 a).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43259FFD2FF4B3924C2F0F9E6.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 A, 2 B, 11 H, 11 I, 13 A) (BIN: BOLD: AAC 9188)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43259FFD2FF4B3924C2F0F9E6.taxon	description	Castnia humboldti f. brunneata; Strand, 1913, in Seitz. Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6, p. 8. Castnia atymnius f. defasciata; Strand, 1913, in Seitz. Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6, p. 8. Castnia salasia; Strand, 1913, in Seitz. Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6, p. 8. Castniomera (Phaeosema) salasia; Houlbert, 1918. Étud. Lép. Comp. 15, pp. 63, 209, 679, 707, 726, pl. CDXLI, fig. 3785. Castniomera defasciata; Apolinar, 1945. Rev. Ac. Col. Cienc. Ex., Fis & Nat. 6 (22 – 23), p. 322. Castniomera atymnius futilis; Miller, 1995, in Heppner. Castnioidea: Castniidae: Castniinae, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep., p. 135. Castniomera atymnius futilis; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 80. General comments. Currently, Telchin atymnius (Dalman, 1825) includes seven subspecies, T. a. futilis being the one with the northernmost distribution, occurring in Mexico and throughout Central America (Lamas 1995; García-Díaz 2022 a). Telchin atymnius futilis was described (as Castnia futilis) from Nicaragua (Walker, 1856). The taxa Castnia salasia (Boisduval, [1875]), Castnia humboldti f. brunneata (Strand, 1913) and Castnia atymnius f. defasciata (Strand, 1913), were described later from Mexico, Honduras, and Panama respectively, but were synonymized with T. a. futilis by Lamas (1995). This subspecies is one of the best-represented castniids in entomological collections, due to its status as a pest of some crops and ornamentals (LAICA 2016, 2017; Salazar-Blanco et al. 2018; Cadet-Piedra et al. 2019; Lugo-Cruz et al. 2020; García-Díaz 2022 a). Telchin atymnius futilis, like most species / subspecies in the genus, is sexually dimorphic. Females tend to be larger than males and have more rounded forewings; more importantly, females have a band of subapical spots on the forewing that is absent or very faint in males, the creamy-white diagonal band that goes from the mid costa to the anal margin also tends to be more marked and wider than in males (Houlbert 1918; Miller 1986; García-Díaz 2022 a). Even though T. a. futilis and T. a. drucei, are easily distinguished from each other and from other species in the genus, they have been confused in various works (and in iNaturalist) with T. licus (LAICA 2016; José Daniel Salazar, pers. comm.). Curiously, both subspecies fly together in some sugar cane plantations in the country (LAICA 2017; Salazar-Blanco et al. 2018; Cadet-Piedra et al. 2019; García-Díaz 2022 a; José Daniel Salazar, pers. comm.). Besides T. a. futilis and T. a. drucei, Telchin atymnius humboldti (Boisduval, [1875]) has been also mentioned in Costa Rica. Lara (1964 a, 1964 b, 1965, 1966 a, 1966 b) did a very thorough study about “ Castniomera humboldti ” affecting Musa spp. (Musaceae) plantations in La Estrella Valley, in Limón province, on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Lara described the adults and the life cycle of this taxon and provided ecological, behavioral, and management information about the pest, as well as details of collecting methods. After a thorough literature review, T. a. humboldti (as a species or subspecies) has not been recorded as being collected in Costa Rica by other authors. After analyzing Lara’s (1964 a) description and drawings of the male and female of the specimens he collected, his description and drawings are similar to that of T. a. futilis, which, as stated above, is known to be present in Costa Rica. Lara (1964 a) mentions that he sent voucher specimens to the British Museum (NHMUK) to be identified. Unfortunately, after a thorough curation of the Castniidae collection in NHMUK by one of us (RW), that voucher couple was not found. Thus, we are unable to corroborate the subspecies name by examining this research material. However, the evidence and descriptive details provided by Lara (1964 a, 1964 b, 1965, 1966 a, 1966 b), lead us to believe that he was working with T. a. futilis, and not T. a. humboldti. Thus, we confirm herein that this latter taxon is not present in Costa Rica.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43259FFD2FF4B3924C2F0F9E6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Several works have focused on the ecology and behavior of Telchin atymnius, mostly associated with its status as a pest on certain ornamentals and crops. García-Díaz (2022 a) studied Mexican populations of the species, recording nine hosts, seven of which were in the genus Heliconia L., 1771 (Heliconiaceae). Based on bibliographic sources, García-Díaz (2022 a) found that T. a. futilis has not been reported on bananas and plantains (as other ssp.) and confirmed that it is frequently reported as a pest in sugarcane plantations in Costa Rica. Salazar-Blanco et al. (2018) and Cadet-Piedra et al. (2019) conducted studies into the population dynamics of T. a drucei and T. a. futilis in two sugarcane farms of the Quebrada Azul Sugar Mill (Peje Viejo and Murillo) in San Carlos, Alajuela, Costa Rica. They concluded that the population dynamics of both subspecies are closely related to the phenology of the crop, highlighting that both are bivoltine and adults are frequently sighted during March – May, and September – November. Likewise, they observed that more adults were collected when the rains decreased, the temperature exceeded 25 ° C and the relative humidity was below 90 % (LAICA 2016, 2017). As noted in iNaturalist (2023), Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav and other Heliconiaceae are hosts of T. a. futilis. Adults of this subspecies are diurnal, flying mainly on sunny days but might fly on cloudy ones too, males are territorial, and their flight is fast, straight, and a little erratic (García-Díaz 2022 a). Females are not fast flyers and have been observed hovering above ground close to the base of their hosts before ovipositing (García-Díaz 2022 a).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43259FFD2FF4B3924C2F0F9E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. Telchin atymnius futilis has been recorded from Mexico to Panama (Miller 1986; Miller 1995; Lamas 1995; González & Hernández-Baz 2012; Van den Berghe et al. 2020; García-Díaz 2022 a). The northernmost known distribution for this taxon is Xilitla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (García-Díaz 2022 a). Based on Morrone et al. (2022), in Costa Rica T. a. futilis flies mostly in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion and in the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, both in the Brazilian subregion. It is frequently recorded on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica within the following provinces and cantons: Alajuela: Alajuela, Guatuso, San Carlos, San Ramón, Upala; Cartago: Cartago, Jiménez, Oreamuno, Paraíso, Turrialba; Guanacaste: Bagaces, La Cruz, Liberia, Tilarán; Heredia: Sarapiquí; Limón: Guácimo, Limón, Matina, Pococí, Siquirres, Talamanca; San José: Vázquez de Coronado. Based on information collected from material deposited in different entomological collections, as well as records in iNaturalist (2023) and other references, except four doubtful records from the province of Puntarenas and records from sugarcane plantations where it has been collected along with T. a. drucei (LAICA 2016, 2017; Salazar-Blanco et al. 2018; Cadet-Piedra et al. 2019), T. a. futilis and T. a. drucei seem to be naturally allopatric in Costa Rica; the former is found on the Caribbean slope while the latter is on the Pacific slope. However, they might eventually become sympatric, and populations might mix due to the establishment of more sugarcane plantations in the country, since as previously noted, there are sugarcane farms in Costa Rica where both subspecies fly together.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 C, 2 D, 11 F, 11 G, 13 B) (BIN: BOLD: AEH 7336)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62.taxon	description	Castniomera (Phaeosema) drucei; Houlbert, 1918. Étud. Lép. Comp. 15, pp. 63, 213, 680, 721, pl. CDXLIII, figs. 3789 – 3790. Castniomera drucei; Miller, 1995, in Heppner. Castnioidea: Castniidae: Castniinae, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep., p. 135. Castniomera atymnius drucei; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 80. General comments. This Central American subspecies of T. atymnius differs greatly from the rest of the known subspecies since both males and females have an orange base-color on their dorsal hindwing. Both sexes have a dorsal forewing pattern similar to most T. atymnius subspecies, they are also sexually dimorphic. Telchin atymnius drucei was described (as Castnia drucei) by Schaus based on at least a male and a female from four different locations in Costa Rica (Schaus 1911; González 2024). It has been confused with T. licus by some authors in Costa Rica (LAICA 2017; García-Díaz 2022 a). Lamas (1995) considered it to be a subspecies of Castniomera atymnius (= T. atymnius). It is vaguely similar to Telchin atymnius humboldti, since the base color of the dorsal hindwing is reddish-orange; however, the whitish discal band of the dorsal hindwing starts after the final vein of the discal cell, whereas in T. a. humboldti it starts from the costal margin (González et al. 2010; González & Domagała 2019; Van den Berghe et al. 2020). Some authors have reported this subspecies in South America, but they are probably very reddish T. a. humboldti specimens (González et al. 2010). To assess the limits between subspecies, a study involving a broad review of specimens of T. atymnius from Mexico to South America is needed.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Citizen scientists have posted photographs of this subspecies in iNaturalist (2023), showing it associated with different species of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae), with some females ovipositing on the lower part of the plants close to the ground, as reported for T. a. futilis (García-Díaz 2022 a). Kirby Wolfe (pers. comm.) recorded Heliconia episcopalis Vell., 1827 as its host plant in Santiago, Puriscal, San José, Costa Rica; while the second author (B. Espinoza) recorded Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pav., 1802 as its host in Concepción, San Rafael, Heredia, Costa Rica. Gernot Kunz (pers. comm.) has observed males and females flying together during the day (mainly around noon) in three different locations in the canton of Golfito, Puntarenas, Costa Rica; he mentions that the males are territorial and perch on leaves or branches of heliconias or other plants close to their hosts, possibly waiting for passing females to court and follow and eventually to mate; females are slower flyers than males, they are not territorial, and are often observed hovering around their host plants near the ground before ovipositing, similar to T. a. futilis (García-Díaz 2022 a). Studies of population dynamics carried out in two sugarcane farms of the Quebrada Azul Sugar Mill in San Carlos, Alajuela, Costa Rica, by Salazar-Blanco et al. (2018) and Cadet-Piedra et al. (2019), concluded that T. a. drucei and T. a. futilis fly together. Here, both subspecies are bivoltine with a small emergence of adults in March – May and a second larger emergence during September – November. Larger numbers of adults of both subspecies were collected when rainfall was low, temperature was above 25 ° C and the relative humidity was below 90 % (LAICA 2016, 2017). Chacón & Montero (2007) illustrated a final instar larva resembling that of Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880), showing the patterns characteristic of larvae of the family (Miller 1986; EPPO 2011). The thoracic legs are distinctive, the body is creamy-white except for the sclerotized head capsule and sections of the pronotum, having scattered setae on the thorax and abdominal segments, and small dorsal patches of spinules are also observed in the abdominal segments. However, Chacón & Montero (2007) did not mention the host plants and did not describe the life cycle of T. a. drucei.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43258FFD0FF4B3CE1C646FF62.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. This subspecies has been reported from Costa Rica, Panama, northwestern South America, and Brazil (González & Salazar 2003; González et al. 2010; González & Domagała 2019; Van den Berghe et al. 2020); however, the South American records are possibly very reddish drucei - like specimens of T. a. humboldti, or incorrectly labeled specimens (González et al. 2010). The confusion between subspecies in the literature and the lack of taxonomic and distributional limits between subspecies make it difficult to understand the group. Based on specimens in collections and data from iNaturalist (2023), T. a. drucei can be easily separated from other T. atymnius subspecies. It appears that drucei is restricted to the Pacific slope of Costa Rica and northern Panama. Based on Van den Berghe et al. (2020) and Maes & González (2022), this taxon has not been reported from Nicaragua or Honduras. According to the biogeographic provinces proposed by Morrone et al. (2022), in Costa Rica this subspecies flies mostly in localities that belong to the Puntarenas-Chiriquí province of the Pacific dominion and the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, both in the Brazilian subregion. In northern Costa Rica, it has been recorded in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province. This taxon has been reported from the following provinces and cantons: Alajuela: Alajuela, Atenas, Grecia, Orotina, San Carlos, San Mateo, San Ramón; Cartago: La Unión; Guanacaste: Abangares, Hojancha, Nicoya, Santa Cruz; Heredia: Belén, San Rafael, Santa Bárbara, Santo Domingo; Limón: Pococí; Puntarenas: Aguirre, Buenos Aires, Corredores, Coto Brus, Garabito, Golfito, Osa, Puntarenas, Quepos; San José: Acosta, Alajuelita, Curridabat, Desamparados, Escazú, Goicoechea, Mora, Moravia, Pérez Zeledón, Puriscal, San José, Santa Ana, Tarrazú, Turrubares, Vázquez de Coronado.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325AFFD0FF4B3B62C5DFF841.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 A, 3 B, 11 A, 11 B, 11 C, 13 C)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325AFFD0FF4B3B62C5DFF841.taxon	discussion	General comments. This taxon was originally described as Castnia (Xanthocastnia) viryi intermedia Rothschild, 1919, based on a male from Costa Rica (Rothschild 1919). Miller (1986, 1995) considered intermedia a valid subspecies of Xanthocastnia evalthe; however, Lamas (1995) proposed the replacement name Xanthocastnia evalthe tica Lamas, 1995, since the original name was a junior primary homonym of Castnia intermedia Pfeiffer, 1917. Moraes & Duarte (2014) synonymized Xanthocastnia with Telchin Hübner. García-Díaz (2023) studied Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) in Mexico mentioning that T. e. tica is its closest relative due to their similar phenotypes. In general, Telchin evalthe is a species markedly differentiated morphologically from other species in the genus, mainly by its ventral wing pattern. In T. e. tica, as in T. e. viryi, males and females have a blackish base-color on the dorsal surface; on the forewing, there is a diagonal yellowishcreamy band that runs from the costa to the anal angle; on the hindwing, there is a yellow discal band that runs from the costa to the anal angle, where it joins a submarginal band of orange-red spots. This subspecies shows a marked sexual dimorphism due to the presence of a yellowish diagonal band in the subapical region of the female forewing. The taxonomic status of this species is unclear, thus an extensive review including a larger number of specimens from different countries and regions is necessary (González et al. 2010; González & Domagała 2019; García-Díaz 2023).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325AFFD0FF4B3B62C5DFF841.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Very little is known about the ecology and behavior of Telchin evalthe and up to now there is no relevant information on T. evalthe tica. García-Díaz (2023) pointed out that the probably closely related T. e. viryi has diurnal habits and flies in open sunny places such as walking trails, paths, or watercourses; males are fast fliers, territorial, and perch on dry branches or leaves on trees; females have a slower, heavier flight. Due to their close relationship, T. e. tica might exhibit behavior similar to T. e. viryi. In Sarapiquí, Octavio Ruiz (pers. comm.) once observed a male T. e. tica perching on a leaf of a Calyptrogyne H. Wendl., 1859 palm (Arecaceae), at night (20: 34 hrs). On another occasion, during the morning, he observed a male perching on a plant, to later fly away into the forest. iNaturalist (2023) has several observations of both sexes of this subspecies which were made between 10 – 16 hrs in Costa Rica. Some authors have suggested that T. evalthe could be associated with bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) or heliconias (Heliconia spp., Heliconiaceae), based on potential host plants in areas where the species have been seen or collected (Moss 1945; Miller 1986; González & Cock, 2004; González et al. 2010; González et al. 2017; González & Domagała 2019; Aya et al. 2022; García-Díaz 2023), but so far, no hosts have been confirmed for the species. García-Díaz (2023) mentioned that heliconias do not appear to be a host for T. e. viryi since there are many species of this plant family widely distributed, which would directly impact the distribution of the castniid, a situation also observed with T. a. futilis, but this is just simple speculation. To learn more about the ecology and behavior of T. e. tica, more fieldwork is needed.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325AFFD0FF4B3B62C5DFF841.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. Telchin evalthe is distributed from Mexico to South America, however, not much is known about the geographical limits of its currently known subspecies. Telchin evalthe viryi is found in Mexico, while T. e. tica has been cited for Costa Rica and Panama (González & Domagała 2019; García-Díaz 2022 a). In Costa Rica, this subspecies has been recorded on both the Pacific and Caribbean slopes. Based on Morrone et al. (2022), in Costa Rica, it flies in three biogeographical provinces: Puntarenas-Chiriquí, Guatuso-Talamanca, and Pacific Lowlands. The subspecies has been sighted / collected in Alajuela: San Carlos, San Ramón; Cartago: Oreamuno; Guanacaste: La Cruz; Heredia: Sarapiquí; Limón: Pococí; Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Garabito, Golfito, Osa; San José: Moravia, Vázquez de Coronado.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325DFFD6FF4B3D5BC6F1FBCA.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 C, 3 D, 11 D, 11 E, 13 D)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325DFFD6FF4B3D5BC6F1FBCA.taxon	discussion	General comments. This is the northernmost subspecies of Telchin licus and was described by Rothschild (1919) (as Castnia albomaculata microsticta) based on specimens from San Ramón, Río Wanks in Nicaragua, and Esperanza in Costa Rica. This taxon had been previously cited by Druce (1883) (as Castnia licus) from Costa Rica, and also from Chontales, in Nicaragua. Telchin licus is a species with a highly adaptive alimentary plasticity since there are records of its larvae feeding on Heliconiaceae, Musaceae, and Poaceae, becoming a pest of crops in at least two of those families (Ballou 1914; Lima 1945; Aya et al. 2022). In Costa Rica, some authors have cited Telchin licus as a sugarcane pest in several areas of the country; however, they have been incorrectly identified, and the taxa collected were either T. a futilis or T. a. drucei (LAICA 2017; García-Díaz 2022 a). Sexual dimorphism in Telchin licus microsticta is as evident as in most Telchin species since males possess a faint subapical spot band on the dorsal forewing, but females have this spot band sharply defined, as well as having rounded forewings apically.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325DFFD6FF4B3D5BC6F1FBCA.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Little is known about the ecology and behavior of T. l. microsticta. However, many authors have indicated that the host plants of T. licus correspond to species in the genera Musa (Musaceae), Saccharum (Poaceae), and Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) (Ballou 1914; Lima 1945; Maes 1999, 2004; Aya et al. 2022), the specific host for this subspecies is unknown. Adults are diurnal and fly on sunny or cloudy days; males are territorial and patrol much of the day along trails, open gaps, roads, or bodies of water in search of females with which to mate; after several minutes of flight, the males perch for a short time on branches, stems or leaves of trees or shrubs to thermoregulate in a stegopterous position, and later continue patrolling; males are more active on sunny days with high temperatures, while on cloudy days or when the temperature drops, they can be seen mostly perching and barely flying (Colin Allen & Cynthia Potter, pers. comm.).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325DFFD6FF4B3D5BC6F1FBCA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. It has been recorded from Honduras to Costa Rica (Druce 1883; Rothschild 1919; Maes 1999, 2004; Miller et al. 2012; Van den Berghe et al. 2020). According to the information at our disposal, T. l. microsticta seems to be distributed on the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica within localities that according to Morrone et al. (2022), belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion. It has been collected and sighted in the following Costa Rican provinces and cantons: Alajuela: Guatuso, San Carlos, San Ramón; Guanacaste: La Cruz; Heredia: Sarapiquí; Limón: Limón, Matina, Pococí; San José: Vázquez de Coronado.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325CFFD6FF4B3E8DC57FF9C2.taxon	description	The genus was established by J. Y. Miller, and it is distributed from Mexico to Ecuador (Miller 1986; Fletcher & Nye 1982; Worthy et al. 2022). The name replaces Cyanostola Houlbert, 1918, a junior homonym of Cyanostola Saussure, 1892 (Hymenoptera). Miller (1986, 1995) included two species (D. diva and D. tricolor) with some subspecies, but Lamas (1995) treated it as a monotypic genus with four subspecies. Moraes & Duarte (2014) synonymized Divana under Telchin. Worthy et al. (2022) reinstated the genus, considering it monotypic, with only three subspecies: D. d. diva (Butler, 1870); D. d. hoppi (Hering, 1923) and D. d. tricolor (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1874). The male retinacular configuration in Divana is unique in Castniidae, it does not differ in males and females, and it is found in the subdorsal region of the forewing ventrally (Miller 1986; Worthy et al. 2022). Divana diva is a medium-large species with striking coloration, but the male wing pattern is clearly defined in each of its subspecies (Miller 1986; Worthy et al. 2022).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325CFFD5FF4B3C84C6F1F88C.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 A, 4 B, 10 D, 10 E, 12 E) (BIN: BOLD: AAD 9016) Castnia diva Butler, 1870; Butler, 1870. Lep. Exotica, p. 46, pl. 17, figs. 1 – 2. Castnia diva f. chiriquiensis; Strand, 1913, in Seitz. Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6, p. 13. Castnia diva f. maculifera; Strand, 1913, in Seitz. Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6, p. 13. Cyanostola diva; Houlbert, 1918. Étud. Lép. Comp. 15, pp. 65, 514, 695, 711, 721, pl. CDLV, fig. 3824. Divana diva diva; Miller, 1995, in Heppner. Castnioidea: Castniidae: Castniinae, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep., p. 137. Divana diva diva; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 83. Divana diva chiriquiensis; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 83. Telchin diva; Moraes & Duarte, 2014. Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2), p. 33. Divana diva diva; Worthy et al., 2022. Zootaxa 5194 (3), p. 325, figs. 3 A, 6 A – C, 12 A.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325CFFD5FF4B3C84C6F1F88C.taxon	discussion	General comments. Of the three subspecies, Divana diva diva is the one with the largest and northernmost distribution (Miller 1986; Vinciguerra 2010; Worthy et al. 2022). The base-color of the dorsal forewing is dark brown with a broad pale brown band that runs from the costa in the discal region to the anal angle; it has a vertical oval white discal spot and two larger horizontal oval spots near the anal margin; on the hindwing it has a marginal orange band and an iridescent purplish-blue patch between the base and the postdiscal region (Miller 1986; Vinciguerra 2010). Ventrally, the base-color of both wings is dark brown; on the forewing, the wide band that goes from the costa to the anal angle is light orange and, there are small orange postdiscal and submarginal spots on the hindwing (Miller 1986). It exhibits little sexual dimorphism, but females differ from males by having more rounded forewings and a markedly lighter brown diagonal band on the forewing. It was described by Butler (1870) (as Castnia diva) based on specimens collected in Chontales, Nicaragua. It was later found in Mexico and other Central American countries. Houlbert (1918) transferred it to Cyanostola Houlbert, 1918, until the genus Divana was assigned by J. Y. Miller to replace Cyanostola (Fletcher & Nye 1982). Moraes & Duarte (2014) synonymized Divana with Telchin. Worthy et al. (2022) reinstated the genus based on evident differences from typical Telchin (see above).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325CFFD5FF4B3C84C6F1F88C.taxon	discussion	Divana diva diva and D. diva chiriquiensis were accepted as different subspecies by Lamas (1995) and Miller (1995), but Worthy et al. (2022) placed the latter as a synonym of the nominal subspecies.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325CFFD5FF4B3C84C6F1F88C.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Divana diva diva has been observed in jungles and mountain cloud forests in Mexico and Central America during the day between 9: 00 and 17: 00, on sunny days when the temperature exceeds 25 ° C (Van den Berghe et al. 2020; Worthy et al. 2022; iNaturalist 2023). Miller (1986) stated that based on records she found, the species could be crepuscular. Most observations on iNaturalist (2023) for this subspecies have been of males and females perching on branches or leaves up to 1.5 m above the ground. Van den Berghe et al. (2020) mentioned that, in Nicaragua, adults of D. d. diva fly between May and November in sites with an abundance of Musa (Musaceae), Heliconia (Heliconiaceae), and Zingiber (Zingiberaceae); likewise, they also indicate that adults tend to perch on leaves and stems of ginger plants in shady places and that most flight activity is around noon. However, very little is known about the ecology and behavior of this castniid, and its host plant is unknown. Some authors have pointed out that some subspecies of D. diva are multivoltine based on the recorded dates of specimens in entomological collections (i. e. Miller 1986; Vinciguerra 2010; González et al. 2013; Worthy et al. 2022). Records of the nominal subspecies from all countries where it is distributed show that their flight period is between April and October.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4325CFFD5FF4B3C84C6F1F88C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. This subspecies is distributed from Mexico to Panama (Miller 1986; Van den Berghe et al. 2020; Worthy et al. 2022). Salazar (1999) reported D. d. chiriquiensis in Colombia, but the specimen he cited is actually a male of D. d. tricolor. González et al. (2013) citing Vinciguerra (2010) indicated that the subspecies was also found in Colombia and Ecuador; an unintended confusion since Vinciguerra (2010) actually noted that D. d. diva is only found in Mexico and Central America. González et al. (2010, 2013) cited and questioned two specimens from Brazil and French Guiana, which seem to have been incorrectly labeled, since the records do not coincide with the known distribution of the genus. It has been recorded in Costa Rica on both slopes and, according to the known records and biogeographic provinces of Morrone et al. (2022), it flies in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion, but also in the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, all in the Brazilian subregion. The provinces and cantons in which it has been found are the following: Alajuela: Alajuela, Guatuso, San Ramón, Upala; Cartago: El Guarco, Turrialba; Guanacaste: Bagaces, La Cruz, Liberia, Nicoya; Heredia: Sarapiquí; Limón: Limón, Matina, Pococí; Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Coto Brus, Garabito, Puntarenas; San José: Desamparados, Escazú, Santa Ana, Vázquez de Coronado.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43241FFCAFF4B3C9CC4FBFF4E.taxon	description	A genus distributed in Central and South America (throughout the Andean region) that includes small species similar to some Hesperiidae, including the tuft of “ hairs ” at the end of the abdomen (a peculiarity of the subfamily Pyrrhopyginae); as well as a wing pattern similar to skipper genera such as Autochton Hübner, 1823, Celaenorrhinus Hübner, [1819] and Paches Godman & Salvin, 1895 (Miller 1980, 1986; Vinciguerra 2008). Three species were recognized until recently: Mirocastnia canis (Lathy, 1923), M. pyrrhopygoides (Houlbert, 1917), and M. smalli Miller, 1980 (Miller 1980, 1986, 1995; Lamas 1995; Vinciguerra 2008; Moraes & Duarte 2014). Little is known about the ecology of this genus, which is poorly represented in entomological collections. With more specimens available, the taxonomic status, however, has been changed recently and all of the above-mentioned taxa are now considered subspecies of M. pyrrhopygoides (González et al. 2024).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43240FFC9FF4B3E14C55AFC36.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 A, 7 B, 9, 12 D)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43240FFC9FF4B3E14C55AFC36.taxon	description	Mirocastnia smalli; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 85. Mirocastnia smalli; Moraes & Duarte, 2014. Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2), p. 34. Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli; González et al., 2024. Zootaxa 5418 (3), p. 251, figs. 1, 5, 6 C, 7 F, G. General comments. This was the last taxon to be described in the genus, based on material collected in Panama by Gordon B. Small during the 1970 s (Miller 1980; González 2023). However, individuals have also been found and reared in Costa Rica. It exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism both in the shape of the wings and in the wing pattern (Miller 1980, 1986; Vinciguerra 2008; González 2023). The male forewing is triangular with a dark brown base-color and copper colored postdiscal and subapical bands. Females possess rounded wings, with a blackish base-color and two white bands on the forewing. The anal angle of the male hindwing is acute, the base-color of the wing is dark brown and there is an orange marginal band along the costa; whilst in females the wings are rounded, their base-color is blackish, and a turquoise blue band accompanied by two white spots is found from the costa to the anal angle. They also possess two postdiscal white spots. Ventrally, in both sexes the wing pattern is similar to the dorsal one; in males the base-color is light orange; in females some reddish tones appear on the hindwing, the discal blue band disappears, and the basal region is light blue. Morphologically, except for their variable size, the three taxa are quite similar (González et al. 2024).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43240FFC9FF4B3E14C55AFC36.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli is diurnal and has been recorded around noon (11: 00 – 12: 30 hrs) between March and August in semi-cloud forest habitat over 900 masl in Panama (Miller 1980, 1986). Gordon B. Small noted that adults of this taxon perched on dry branches in sunny spots, and that a female frequently visited epiphytic bromeliads on a Colpothrinax cookii Read, R. W. palm (Arecaceae) inferring that an epiphytic Bromeliaceae could serve as its host plant (Miller 1980, 1986). The biology of this taxon was virtually unknown, but José Antonio Azofeifa (pers. comm.), a parataxonomist, who worked at InBio told one of us (B. Espinoza) that on November 08, 2010, he collected several larvae of a castniid from inside an epiphytic bromeliad that was 1 m above ground level in the Tenorio Volcano National Park (Fig. 9 C). The bromeliad seems to be in the genus Werauhia J. R. Grant (Francisco Morales, pers. comm.). The larvae were raised under laboratory conditions by J. A. Azofeifa and life cycles were monitored; however, it appears that the recorded information on the larval instars was lost, along with the resulting adults. Figure 9 A shows an early instar larva with the typical creamy coloration exhibited by Castniini larvae (Miller 1986). Each thoracic and abdominal segment has an irregular dorsal black horizontal line and two dorsolateral black spots; the last segment is almost black, the head is black, and the prothorax is orange (Fig. 9 A). Final instar larvae (Fig. 9 B) are larger, each thoracic and abdominal segment has four dorsolateral black spots and one small orange spot between the black ones, the head is black, and the prothorax is orange. One of the larvae entered the pre-pupal stage the day after it was collected (09 - XI- 2010), and it pupated after 39 days (18 - XII- 2010), the imago emerged after 120 days (09 - III- 2011) (Fig. 9 D) (Jose Antonio Azofeifa, pers. comm.). The pupa (Fig. 9 E) has the classical configuration of the Castniini (Miller 1986) and resembles other castniid species (Houlbert 1918; Miller 1986; Angulo & Olivares 1993; Sarto & Aguilar 2003; Penco 2011; Bénéluz & Gallard 2012; García-Díaz et al. 2022) in terms of shape and coloration.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43240FFC9FF4B3E14C55AFC36.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. This taxon appears to be endemic to Central America and most specimens known are from Panama (Miller 1980); two specimens from Costa Rica are mentioned herein, one from Alajuela (Guatuso) and the other from Guanacaste (La Cruz). Based on both localities, we can infer that M. p. smalli might be distributed in southern Costa Rican localities over 900 meters above sea level. According to the biogeographic provinces of Morrone et al. (2022), those two localities are in the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43243FFC9FF4B3991C631F9C2.taxon	discussion	Athis is the Castniidae genus with the largest number of species (currently 17) and one of the genera of this family with the widest distribution in the Americas, ranging from northern Mexico throughout Central America and through South America to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, with the presence of some species on three Caribbean islands (Pierre & Pierre-Baltus 2003; González 2004; González & Cock 2004; González et al. 2006; Pierre et al. 2008; Vinciguerra et al. 2011; Pierre & Lalanne-Cassou 2014). Bromeliads have been reported as hosts, with some Athis species known to feed on species of the genera Billbergia Thunberg, 1821, Hechtia Klotzsch, 1835 and Tillandsia L., 1753 (González 2004; González et al. 2006; González et al. 2021; García-Díaz et al. 2019, 2020, 2022; García-Díaz 2022 b; iNaturalist 2023). Most Athis species have triangular forewings with a characteristic wing pattern, they have a tawny brown forewing base and a diagonal band that runs from the wing base to the subapical region; one to three white or translucent spots are present in the apical region (González 2004; González et al. 2021; García-Díaz 2022 b; García-Díaz et al. 2022). Curiously, not much is known about the ecology, behavior, and life cycle of most of these species (Vinciguerra et al. 2011), although some authors have written briefly about them (i. e. González & Fernández-Yépez 1992, Pierre & Pierre-Baltus 2003; González 2004; González et al. 2006, 2021; Pierre et al. 2008; García-Díaz et al. 2019, 2020, 2022; García-Díaz 2022 b). The rarity of some Athis species is evident, as is the case with A. ahala (H. Druce, 1896), A. analibiae (Espinoza-Sanabria & González, 2005), A. delecta (Schaus, 1911), A. jaliscana López-Godínez & Porion, 2012 and A. pirrelloi Vinciguerra, 2011, which are known from just a few specimens.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43243FFCFFF4B3C84C55AFCF9.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 C, 7 D, 12 C)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43243FFCFFF4B3C84C55AFCF9.taxon	description	General comments. Described as Castnia delecta Schaus, 1911 from specimens collected in Mexico (Córdoba) and Costa Rica (Esperanza [del Guarco]) (Schaus 1911; Strand 1913; Miller 1995; Lamas 1995; López-Godínez & Porion 2012). Houlbert (1918) included it in Orthia Herrich-Schäffer, [1853], but Miller (1986, 1995) transferred it to Athis Hübner. Athis delecta is, together with A. ahala and A. jaliscana, one of the smallest species in the genus. López-Godínez & Porion (2012) mentioned that A. jaliscana is close to A. delecta, since, despite being easily distinguishable from each other, they share some morphological characteristics including wing pattern, coloration, and size. Not much is known about this species, and it is one of the least represented Athis in entomological collections worldwide (García-Díaz, in prep.). Males and females have similar wing patterns, as the species exhibits very little sexual dimorphism. The apex of the female forewing is slightly rounded. Dorsally, there is a dark brown diagonal band that runs from the apex to the anal margin on the forewing; the base-color in males is dark brown on the marginal side of the band and light brown on the basal side, while in the females the coloration is lighter and more homogeneous throughout the wing; near the costa in the discal region there is a circular maculation, which is larger and oval in females; there is a translucent spot at the apex and it may be accompanied by another barely perceptible spot in both sexes; the hindwing base-color is pale orange, there is a dark brown marginal band and another band of dark brown spots in the postdiscal region. Ventrally, the wing pattern in both sexes is similar to what is observed dorsally, but the base-color is orange and lighter, the maculation is more discrete, and the band of postdiscal spots on the hindwing is creamy-whitish.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43243FFCFFF4B3C84C55AFCF9.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Ecological and behavioral aspects of the species are currently unknown. However, based on information being collected in Mexico, A. delecta is a territorial species with diurnal habits that flies in the tree canopy over epiphytic bromeliads (García-Díaz, in prep.).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43243FFCFFF4B3C84C55AFCF9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. Athis delecta is, together with A. inca (Walker, 1854), one of the Athis species with the widest distribution, having been found in Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica (Schaus 1911; Strand 1913; Miller 1995; Lamas 1995; López-Godínez & Porion 2012; González & Hernández-Baz 2012; Niño-Maldonado et al. 2013; Morales-Morales et al. 2015). Only the male syntype of the species (from Esperanza del Guarco, Cartago) was previously known from Costa Rica, but two additional specimens were found in MNCR, collected in the province of San José; and one male in MGCL, collected in Turrialba, Cartago. According to Morrone et al. (2022), these localities belong, respectively, to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43245FFCFFF4B39E2C41FF817.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 C, 4 D, 10 H, 12 C) Imara analibiae Espinoza-Sababria & González, 2005; Espinoza-Sanabria & González, 2005. Zootaxa 849 (1), fig. 1. Athis analibiae; Moraes & Duarte, 2014. Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2), p. 29. General comments. One of the rarest species in the genus, known to us from fewer than eight specimens. It was described as Imara analibiae Espinoza-Sanabria & González, 2005 based on three specimens (1 ♂, 2 ♀♀) collected in Finca la Selva, Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica (Espinoza-Sanabria & González 2005). Moraes & Duarte (2014) included it in Athis. This species is characterized by having a whitish diagonal band that runs from the costa in the apical region to the middle of the anal margin of the dorsal forewing; while in the hindwing a wide whitish postbasal-discal band runs from the costa to the inner margin; it also has a small marginal band of white spots between veins M 1 - 2 A. Ventrally, the wing pattern is similar to the dorsal surface, but there is a marginal band of bluish-white spots on the forewing; in the hindwing the basal region is whitish. Females are easily distinguishable because, both dorsally and ventrally, the white band is wider than in males, and it also has a small, curved band, around the subapical region, that runs from the costa towards the central band; the base-color is darker on both wings.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43245FFCFFF4B39E2C41FF817.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. The host plant is unknown. Also, nothing is known about the habits of the species; however, a male was sighted in Resort Shawandha Lodge, Talamanca, Limón, attracted to UV LED light during the early hours of the night (Heiner Ziegler, pers. comm.) (Fig. 10 H). Likewise, another male, deposited at EMEC, was collected “ at lights ”. On the other hand, it may be just a matter of coincidence since it’s not rare to find Lepidoptera species of diurnal habits in light traps, most of the time these were probably just perched near where the traps were placed, so these species are attracted by lights and activity around the traps.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43245FFCFFF4B39E2C41FF817.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. To date, only records from four Costa Rican localities are known: (1) Estación Biológica La Selva, (2) Estación Biológica La Tirimbina, (3) Resort Shawandha Lodge and (4) Veragua Rainforest Research & Adventure Park (Espinoza-Sanabria & González 2005; iNaturalist 2023; Diego Salas, pers. comm.). These localities are located at low altitudes on the Caribbean slope and belong, according to Morrone et al. (2022), to the province of Guatuso-Talamanca. To date it is the only endemic castniid in Costa Rica; however, considering its known distribution, it could be found in Nicaragua or Panama.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43244FFCCFF4B3CF7C51DF806.taxon	description	(Figs. 6, 10 F, 10 G, 12 C)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43244FFCCFF4B3CF7C51DF806.taxon	discussion	General comments. The northernmost taxon of the “ palatinus ” complex. Described by Druce (1896) as Castnia staudingeri Druce, 1896 based on specimens collected in Chiriquí. Houlbert (1918) included it in Aciloa Houlbert, 1918, but Miller (1986) placed it in Athis, as a subspecies of Athis palatinus (Cramer, 1777). Later, Miller (1995) considered staudingeri a valid species, but Lamas (1995) included it as a subspecies of A. palatinus. Athis palatinus staudingeri is a rare taxon that is poorly represented in entomological collections. Until the first decade of the 21 st century, specimens were only known from Panama, but Vinciguerra (2011) and Vinciguerra & González (2011) reported it for the first time for Costa Rica (Corcovado), extending its distribution in Central America. The wing pattern differs from other subspecies of Athis palatinus by having a slightly more orange base-color both on the fore- and hindwing. Athis p. staudingeri shows some sexual dimorphism: (i) females are normally larger than males; (ii) female forewings have a marked curvature at the outer margin; (iii) the subapical, postdiscal and costal spots in the female forewing are larger than in the male; (iv) the spots of the postdiscal band of the hindwing are smaller in males.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43244FFCCFF4B3CF7C51DF806.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. No ecological or behavioral information on this subspecies is known. It has been observed in the province of Puntarenas from January to May. Adults fly on sunny days along paths or openings in the forest; males are territorial. On one occasion a male was seen feeding on an unidentified flower (Fig. 10 G) (Chantelle Taylor & Ted Armstrong, pers. comm.). The host plant of A. p. staudingeri is unknown but considering the hosts of other species or subspecies in the palatinus complex, it is probably a bromeliad (Bromeliaceae) (see Moss 1945; Miller 1986; González & Fernández-Yépez 1992; García-Díaz et al. 2020, 2022; González et al. 2021; García-Díaz 2022 b).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43244FFCCFF4B3CF7C51DF806.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. Athis palatinus staudingeri is only known from a few localities in Costa Rica and Panama. In Costa Rica, it has only been registered within the cantons of Aguirre, Golfito, and Osa, in the province of Puntarenas, localities that belong to the Puntarenas-Chiriquí province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion (Morrone et al. 2022).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43249FFC2FF4B3AD5C664FEF6.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 A, 5 B, 10 J, 12 B) (BIN: BOLD: AAJ 9547)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43249FFC2FF4B3AD5C664FEF6.taxon	description	Aciloa inca; Houlbert, 1918. Étud. Lép. Comp. 15, pp. 64, 438, 691, 723, fig. 152, pl. CDLI, fig. 3810. Castnia inca inca; Miller, 1972. Bull. Allyn Mus. 6, p. 4, figs. 3, 7, 18 – 21, 28 – 31.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43249FFC2FF4B3AD5C664FEF6.taxon	description	General comments. This species has, along with Athis delecta, the northernmost distribution in the genus (Niño-Maldonado et al. 2013; García-Díaz et al. 2022). It was described as Castnia inca Walker, 1854 from three specimens from Mexico, Venezuela, and Honduras (Walker 1854; Miller 1972; González 2004; Van den Berghe et al. 2020). The cotype (paralectotype after Fletcher & Nye (1982 )) from Venezuela, labeled “ Castnia inca. X- 5 Venez. ” and part of “ M. Becker’s Collection ” at NHMUK, is indeed Athis inca inca. However, it is highly doubtful that it came from Venezuela, where this subspecies has not been found (except for that single specimen) (González 2004). It is possibly a case of mislabeling. However, before the description of A. axaqua González & Fernández-Yépez, 1992, individuals of this species were commonly mentioned as “ Castnia inca ” by Venezuelan entomologists (González & Fernández-Yépez 1992; González 2004). Lamas (1995) pointed out that the type locality of Athis inca inca is Honduras after the lectotype designation by Fletcher & Nye (1982). Houlbert (1918) placed it in Aciloa Houlbert, 1918 and Miller (1986) transferred it to Athis. Miller (1972) studied the “ inca complex ” clarifying similarities and differences between Athis inca inca, Athis inca orizabensis (Strand, 1913) and Athis clitarcha (Westwood, 1877), and describing Athis inca dincadu (Miller, 1972) from the Panama Canal Zone and Athis flavimaculata (Miller, 1972) from the Mexican Pacific slope. Currently, four subspecies are known: A. i. inca, A. i. orizabensis, A. i. dincadu, and A. i. briareus (Houlbert, 1917) (Miller 1995; Lamas 1995). This medium-sized species is sexually dimorphic. Dorsally, the male forewing has a diagonal band that divides the wing into two sections, it runs from the middle of the anal margin to near the apical region; the base-color of the forewing is brown, slightly paler on the inner half of the wing; 2 – 3 translucent circular spots appear in the apical region; in the discal region there is a dark quadrangular maculation with a pale center; 1 or 2 postdiscal spots appear on one side of the diagonal band and small semicircular spots are present in the submarginal region. The base-color of the hindwings is orange; a brown band appears in the post-basal region and another blackish-brown band in the postdiscal region, which runs from the costa to the anal angle; the marginal region is orange, and the veins stand out by their blackish-brown color in the submarginal region. Ventrally, males have a wing pattern similar to the dorsal surface; however, the base-color on both wings is pale orange, and the spots and bands on both wings are slightly lighter than dorsally. The females are easily distinguishable from the males because they are larger, the apical region of the forewings is slightly rounded, and they have a markedly paler base color on the forewing, making the spots stand out. Despite the descriptions provided by Miller (1972), it is difficult to separate some specimens of Athis inca from Athis clitarcha, since both species tend to be variable, and their phenotypes are similar. This has caused some confusion, as shown in Chacón & Montero (2007) who illustrated a male of A. i. inca as A. clitarcha. Therefore, a study is necessary to complement Miller’s (1972) work and illustrate the variability of both the wing and genital patterns of the two species, helping to clarify their respective distributions.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43249FFC2FF4B3AD5C664FEF6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. This taxon is diurnal and flies in localities with a high degree of humidity in Mexico and Central America with an abundance of Tillandsia spp. (Bromeliaceae). Males are territorial and are frequently seen along sunny paths or watercourses, where they repeatedly patrol the vicinity of their perching area searching for females with which to mate or to drive away other males or butterfly species that might invade their territory. González et al. (2008) listed a specimen collected “ inside a butterfly trap with fermented fruit ” in Soteapan, Veracruz, Mexico. This case seems to be a coincidence since no other specimen of this subspecies had been reported being collected that way.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43249FFC2FF4B3AD5C664FEF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. According to Miller (1972), Athis inca inca is distributed from Mexico to Costa Rica. Based on the material studied and presented herein, it has been collected in the following Costa Rican cantons: Alajuela: San Carlos, Upala; Cartago: Jiménez, Turrialba; Guanacaste: Bagaces; Heredia: Sarapiquí; Limón: Pococí; Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Golfito; San José: Vázquez de Coronado. According to the biogeographic provinces of the Neotropical region proposed by Morrone et al. (2022), in Costa Rica A. i. inca flies in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43248FFC2FF4B3BD0C4F4F829.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 C, 5 D, 10 I, 12 B)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43248FFC2FF4B3BD0C4F4F829.taxon	discussion	General comments. Described as Castnia clitarcha Westwood, 1877 based on specimens collected in Nicaragua and Panama (Westwood 1877; Miller 1972). Houlbert (1918) placed it in Aciloa Houlbert, 1918 but later, Miller (1986, 1995) transferred it to Athis, with which Lamas (1995) agreed. Since its description, Druce (1883) and Rothschild (1919) had doubts about how to separate A. inca from A. clitarcha, because their wing patterns are similar in both sexes. Rothschild (1919) mentioned that C. clitarcha was possibly a polymorphic species. Druce (1883) considered that the male illustrated by Westwood (1877) in his description was a typical male of A. inca, since the hindwing margin was orange. Druce (1883) also mentioned that the male of A. clitarcha is larger than that of A. inca and the margin of the hindwing of the former is black rather than orangish; furthermore, the male illustrated by Westwood (1877) has a hindwing postdiscal spot band narrower than that of A. inca inca. Miller (1972) considered A. clitarcha a valid species, after comparing it with other species of the “ inca complex ”. She also mentioned that this species and A. inca are sympatric in some countries of Central America, which has been corroborated by other authors (see González & Hernández-Baz 2012; Van den Berghe et al. 2020).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43248FFC2FF4B3BD0C4F4F829.taxon	description	The following clues help separate the species. Both sexes: ● Both species have a black spot in spaces M 2 - M 3 and CuA 1 - CuA 2 on the dorsal forewing, the male clitarcha usually has another in space M 3 - CuA 1, this is always present and very large in the female. ● The postdiscal spotband on the dorsal hindwing is more or less continuous in inca; in clitarcha, it more resembles a series of separate spots. ● The margin on the dorsal hindwing is generally black in clitarcha, but more orange in inca. Males: ● The dorsal surface of the forewing is generally a more yellowish brown in clitarcha, and a more reddish brown in inca. Females: ● The pale band distad of the postdiscal band on the dorsal hindwing is the same color as the discal area in inca; in clitarcha, it is generally much paler, usually yellow rather than orange. A combination of all of these features should be used, rather than any one in isolation. Whilst there are always occasional specimens that are difficult to place, this should enable most specimens to be correctly identified.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43248FFC2FF4B3BD0C4F4F829.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. It is diurnal like all members of the “ inca complex ”. Females have been seen ovipositing in epiphytic bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) in Sabalito, Coto Brus, Puntarenas (Casey Owen, pers. comm.) (Fig. 10 I).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43248FFC2FF4B3BD0C4F4F829.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. It has been collected from Guatemala to Panama (Westwood 1877; Rothschild 1919; Miller 1972; Maes & González 2022). Iorio & Zilli (2016) illustrated a female from Roberto Vinciguerra’s collection from Otanche, Boyacá, Colombia, but it resembles Athis inca. In Costa Rica, this species has been found in the following cantons: Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Monteverde. According to the biogeographical proposal of Morrone et al. (2022), in Costa Rica A. clitarcha has been recorded in localities that belong to the Puntarenas-Chiriquí province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324BFFC1FF4B3AD5C56AFD46.taxon	description	A genus originally containing a single species endemic to southeastern Brazil and northeast Argentina, Prometheus cochrus (Fabricius, 1787) (Penco 2011; Maes & González 2022). However, Gazera Herrich-Schäffer, [1853], Duboisvalia Oiticica, 1955, Tosxampila Oiticica 1955, and Zegara Oiticica, 1955, were later synonymized by Moraes & Duarte (2014), increasing the number of species in Prometheus to 10. Most species currently incorporated into this genus belong to various mimetic rings (Miller 1986; Maes & González 2022), among which they mainly mimic some species of Papilionidae and Nymphalidae (Heliconiini, Ithomiini) (Miller 1986; Vinciguerra 2008; González et al. 2010, 2017; Moraes & Duarte 2014; Parrales-Ramírez & Vargas-Fonseca 2017; Van den Berghe et al. 2020). All species are of medium to large size with a high phenotypic variation. Miller (1995) considered four valid taxa of this complex with a distribution in Central America, but Lamas (1995) synonymized most of them and accepted what would become Prometheus zagraea (after Moraes & Duarte (2014 )) as a single species with two subspecies, present in Central America and Colombia, respectively. Interestingly, the distribution of P. cochrus differs to a great extent from most species currently included in the genus, which are distributed mainly in Central America and the Andean region (Miller 1986). Further review of this genus as currently treated by Moraes & Duarte (2014) is certainly needed. Ongoing research (Worthy & González, in prep.) suggests that P. z. zagraea and P. z. salvina may be separate species.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC0FF4B3AD5C3EDFA92.taxon	description	(Figs. 8 A, 8 B, 10 C, 12 F) (BIN: BOLD: AAE 6534) Castnia zagraea Felder, 1874; R. Felder, 1874. Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (4), p. 3, pl. 79, fig. 2.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC0FF4B3AD5C3EDFA92.taxon	description	Doubldaya [sic] zagraeus; Buchecker, [1899], Syst. Ent., Sist. Insect. Class., Gen., Spec.: Pars 6, pl. 23, fig. 28. Gazera zagraeoides; Houlbert, 1918. Étud. Lép. Comp. 15, pp. 66, 630, 703, fig. 225, pl. CDLXI, fig. 3844.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC0FF4B3AD5C3EDFA92.taxon	description	General comments. According to Lamas (1995), Prometheus (Zegara) zagraea zagraea (R. Felder, 1874) was described from Panama. This species is a member of a mimetic ring that includes various species of Heliconiinae and Danainae (Nymphalidae) that exhibit a “ tiger pattern ” (Miller 1986; González et al. 2010). The wing shape in both sexes is similar to that of Lycorea halia (Hübner, 1816). Males are smaller than females, wings are not as wide, and overall coloration is darker than females. Prometheus zagraea is polymorphic, which favored the description of various taxa, resulting in records from Costa Rica, Colombia, and Panama under different species or subspecies names (i. e. carilla, columbina, panamensis, salvina, zagraea). Consequently, doubts about the validity of some of those names were raised, as well as the taxonomic status of the different populations found between Nicaragua and Colombia, and their respective distribution. A thorough review of this complex of species today dumped in the genus Prometheus (which we consider incorrect) is needed to clarify their taxonomic status and distribution limits.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC0FF4B3AD5C3EDFA92.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Adults are diurnal and fly on sunny days. Miller (1986) pointed out that females of this species have been sighted in Costa Rica laying eggs on the terrestrial bromeliad Aechmea magdalenae (André) André ex Baker, 1889 (Bromeliaceae) (Vinciguerra 2008; González et al. 2010, 2017; Van den Berghe et al. 2020).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC0FF4B3AD5C3EDFA92.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. According to the bibliography and the specimens studied for the present study, P. z. zagraea is known from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia (Miller 1986, 1995; Lamas 1995; Vinciguerra 2008; González et al. 2010, 2017). In Costa Rica, this subspecies has been recorded in the following cantons: Cartago: Turrialba; Guanacaste: La Cruz; Puntarenas: Golfito, Osa; San José: Mora. Based on the biogeographic provinces of the Neotropical region proposed by Morrone et al. (2022), in Costa Rica P. z. zagraea has been recorded in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion, and the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, all in the Brazilian subregion.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC6FF4B3F35C534FE3E.taxon	description	(Figs. 8 C, 8 D, 12 F)	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC6FF4B3F35C534FE3E.taxon	description	Gazera salvina; Houlbert, 1918. Étud. Lép. Comp. 15, pp. 66, 636, 704, fig. 230. Castnia (Doubledaya) columbina panamensis Talbot; Talbot, 1929. Bull. Hill Mus. 3 (1), p 70, pl. 1, fig. 4. Zegara carilla; Miller, 1995, in Heppner. Castnioidea: Castniidae: Castniinae, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep., p. 137. Zegara columbina salvina; Miller, 1995, in Heppner. Castnioidea: Castniidae: Castniinae, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep., p. 137. Zegara zagraea salvina; Lamas, 1995. Revta. Per. Ent. 37, p. 85. General comments. Initially, the genus Zegara (currently a synonym of Prometheus) included over 10 species, among which were Z. carilla, Z. columbina panamensis, Z. salvina and Z. zagraea, as Miller (1995) indicated in her list. However, Lamas (1995) synonymized the majority and only left two valid species with some subspecies. Lamas (1995) also considered salvina as a valid subspecies of Z. zagraea but considered Z. carilla and Z. columbina panamensis as synonyms of Z. z. salvina, distributed in Panama and Costa Rica. Van den Berghe et al. (2020) and Maes & González (2022) reported it from Nicaragua (Nueva Segovia, Cerro Jesús). It belongs to a mimetic ring that contains various “ tiger pattern ” species (Miller 1986; González et al. 2010). As in the nominal subspecies, males are darker and smaller than females. The coloration of P. z. salvina tends to be darker than in the nominal subspecies (González & Domagała 2019).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC6FF4B3F35C534FE3E.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and behavior. Adults of Prometheus zagraea salvina are diurnal and fly on sunny days in sync with species of their mimetic ring. It has been found in Nicaragua flying together with Chetone angulosa (Walker, 1854) (Erebidae), Lycorea halia atergatis Doubleday, 1847, Mechanitis polymnia (Linnaeus, 1758), Eueides isabella (Stoll, 1781), Heliconius ismenius Latreille, [1817] and Consul fabius cecrops (Doubleday, [1849]) (Nymphalidae) (Van den Berghe et al. 2020). According to the latter authors, the flight pattern of both sexes is similar to heliconids.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4324AFFC6FF4B3F35C534FE3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biogeography. Prometheus zagraea salvina is known from Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama (Miller 1986, 1995; Lamas 1995; Vinciguerra 2008; González et al. 2010, 2017; Van den Berghe et al. 2020; Maes & González 2022); however, Salazar et al. (2013) cited it for Colombia, but did not illustrate any of the specimens cited. The Colombian specimens should be regarded as P. z. zagraea (Maes & González 2022). The subspecies has been found in the following cantons in Costa Rica: Alajuela: Upala; Cartago: Turrialba; Guanacaste: La Cruz; Heredia: Sarapiquí; Limón: Pococí; Puntarenas: Golfito. Considering the biogeographic proposal of Morrone et al. (2022), in Costa Rica, this subspecies has been recorded in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion, and the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, all in the Brazilian subregion.	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43277FFFCFF4B3B2DC4BFFB5E.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, leg. Schaus, Dognin Collection, USNMENT 01492468 (NMNH); 2 ♂♂, Roca river, Cerros de Guácimo, Limón, 450 m., June 2012 (RW); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, 650 m., August 2011 (RW); 1 ♀, Guápiles, Limón, May 2012 (RW); 1 ♀, San Vito, October 2013 (RW); 2 ♂♂, Limón Province, Guápiles, Pococí Buenos Aires, Santa Clara River, 550 m, June- 2012 (DC); 2 ♀♀, Limón Province, Guápiles, Sep- 2010 (DC); 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, G. Carballo, Jul 1991, L-N- 184200, 643300, INBIOCRI 001110672, MNCR-A 1110672 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Puntarenas, Sn. Vito, Las Cruces, Jardín Botánico, 24 - 27 Agosto 1987, L. D. Gounez, INBIOCRI 001055983, MNCR-A 1055983 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Monteverde, La Casona, 1520 m, K. Martinez, Set-Oct. 1995, INBIOCRI 002340566, MNCR-A 2340566 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Hytoy Cerere, 100 m, G. Carballo, Jul 1993, INBIOCRI 001133661, MNCR-A 1133661 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Hytoy Cerere, 100, G. Carballo, Jul 1993, INBIOCRI 001133660, MNCR-A 1133660 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hytoy Cerere, 100 m, G. Carballo, Julio 1992, INBIOCRI 001110670, MNCR-A 1110670 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, G. Carballo, Julio 1992, INBIOCRI 001109449, MNCR-A 1109449 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, G. Carballo, Julio 1992, INBIOCRI 001111582, MNCR-A 1111582 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, G. Carballo, Julio 1992, INBIOCRI 001109450, MNCR-A 1109450 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, 140 m, R. Barton, Julio 1999, INB 0003042917, MNCR-A 3042917 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Heredia, Sarapiqui, Puerto Viejo, La Selva, 40 m, M. M. Chavarría, 31 Julio- 30 Agosto de 1987, INB 0003539242, MNCR-A 3539242 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Alajuela, Guatuso, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Catarta Río Buena Vista, 700 - 800 m, J. Azofeifa, junio 2014, INB 0004412481, MNCR-A 4412481 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Valle de la Estrella, 120 m, E. Rojas, B. Gamboa, 18 Set 2003, INB 0003784150, MNCR-A 3784150 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, Estación Biológica Villa Blanca, 1115 m, R. Rojas, Agosto 2009, INB 0004239875, MNCR-A 4239875 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, Estación Biológica Villa Blanca, 1115 m, R. Rojas, Julio 2010, INB 0004249188, MNCR- A 4249188 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Estación El Pilón, 700 - 800 m, 13 Jul 2005, J. Azofeifa, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913, INB 0003958738, MNCR-A 3958738 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Heredia, Sarapiquí, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina, 167 m, E. Rojas, Abril 2011, INB 0004288876, MNCR-A 4288876 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167 m, 5 ABR 2011, E. Rojas, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359, INB 0004288877, MNCR-A 4288877 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Limón, Reserva Barra de Colorado, Río Sardinas, 50 m, F. V. Araya, Mayo 1994, INBIOCRI 002036198, MNCR-A 2036198 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Heredia, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Estació Magsasay, 200 m, M. Zumbado, Abril 1981, INBIOCRI 001110669, MNCR-A 1110669 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Limón, Tortuguero, Barra del Colorado, 50 m, F. Araya, julio 1994, INBIOCRI 001848107, MNCR-A 1848107 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Limón, Valle La Estrella, Hitoy Cerere, G. Carballo, Set. 1992, INBIOCRI 001110096, MNCR- A 1110096 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas, Estación Altamira, 1 Km S del Cerro Biolley, 1300 - 1450 m, 7 AGO - 7 SET 1997, R. Villalobos, L _ S _ 331700 _ 572100. # 47760, INBIOCRI 002406599, MNCR-A 2406599 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Laguna La Carmela, Finca Juan Jarquín, 700 - 800 m, 1 JUN 2007, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre. L _ N _ 298300 _ 425900. # 91668, INB 0004105699, MNCR-A 4105699 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca, 1115 m, AGO 2010, R. Rojas, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 242482 _ 483371. # 99638, INB 0004250358, MNCR-A 4250358 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sartapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167 m, 24 MAY 2009, I. Chacón, A. Barrientos, Tp. Luz, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359. # 96905, INB 0004216547, MNCR- A 4216547 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Heredia, Sarapiquí, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina, 100 - 200 m, C. Miranda, 15 marzo 2009, INB 0004388059, MNCR-A 4388059 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Heredia, Sarapiquí, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina, 100 - 200 m, C. Miranda, 18 mayo 2012, INB 0004415814, MNCR-A 4415814 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Estación El Pilón, 700 - 800 m, 25 MAY 2005, J. Azofeifa, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913, INB 0003950682, MNCR-A 4287290 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Heredia, Horquetas, Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600 M, 28 - 8 - 93, Javier Solano, MNCR- E 55720 (MNCR 19733), MNCR-A 5055720 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Heredia, Horquetas, Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600 M, 18 - 9 - 93, Willberth J., MNCR-E 55721 (MNCR 19734), MNCR-A 5055721 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, Reserva Biológica Alberto Brenes, 850 m, 13 agosto 1997, Col. Hernan Gómez L., MNCR-E 55722 (MNCR 19735), MNCR-A 5055722 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Rincón, 100 ft., Costa Rica Site viii. 11.1966 SLW (BYU); 2 ♂♂, Sixola River, Costa Rica, March, Schaus Collection Acc. 4960 (CNMH); 1 ♂, Sixola River, Costa Rica, Sept., Schaus Collectn Acc. 4960 (CNMH); 1 ♂, Amauta cacica procera – Costa Rica, Buenos Aires (8 km south of Guapiles), 650 m, October 2010, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015548221 (RV); 1 ♂, Amauta cacica VI. 2005, Costa Rica, Limón, Guapiles., Felix Stumpe leg., Ex. Coll. Stumpe in Coll., Vinciguerra R. to, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015548263 (RV); 1 ♂, Amauta cacica VI. 2005, Costa Rica, Limón, Guapiles., Felix Stumpe leg., Ex. Coll. Stumpe in Coll., Vinciguerra R. to, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015548389 (RV); 1 ♂, Amauta cacica, San Vito, Costa Rica, A. cacica, Costa Rica, S. Vito. Coll. Vinciguerra R. to, C 133, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015548305 (RV); 1 ♀, Limón Province, Mai 2003, Costa Rica, C 132, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015548179 (RV); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, Heredia, Prov. OTS La Selva Sta. 22 - 25 - vi- 1976 D. H. and P. P. Habeck, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138411 (MGCL); 1 ♀, Costa rica, Alajuela Province E. Dos Ríos, San Gerardo Station, June 18, 2005, Leg. A. Sourakov, A. Sourakok colln. AGCL Acc. 2006 - 16, 002 leg – Jackie, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138412 (MGCL); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Lucha, 300 m, 28 - May- 2002, Col. Gusaneros (reared), 02 - SRNP- 3525 (sequenced), 10.955, - 85.553 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Lucha, 300 m, 16 - Aug- 2002, Col. Gusaneros (reared), 02 - SRNP- 18288 (sequenced), 10.955, - 85.553 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Arela de Conservación Guanacaste, Setor San Cristobal, Río Blanco Abajo, 500 m, 22 - Apr- 2002, Col. Osvaldo Espinoza (reared), 02 - SRNP- 2815 (sequenced), 10.9, - 85.373 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma, 460 m, 17 - Jul- 2006, Col. Elda Araya (reared), 06 - SRNP- 5807 (sequenced), 10.916, - 85.379 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Lucha, 300 m, 06 - Jul- 2002, Col. Dan Janzen (reared), DHJ- 02 - 2377 (sequenced), 10.955, - 85.553 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma, 460 m, 05 - Jul- 2019, Col. Osvaldo Espinoza (reared), 19 - SRNP- 1230 (sequenced), 10.916, - 85.379 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Arela de Conservación Guanacaste, Setor San Cristobal, Río Blanco Abajo, 500 m, 16 - May- 2019, Col. Carolina Cano, 19 - SRNP- 1349 (sequenced), 10.9, - 85.373 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, Arela de Conservación Guanacaste, Setor San Cristobal, Dos Ríos, 500 m, 01 - Apr- 2019, Col. Gloria Sihezar (reared), 19 - SRNP- 723 (sequenced), 10.89, - 98.538 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Peralta C. R., Sep 1925 (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Carreblanco [sic], Costa Rica., (Lankester) (NHMUK); 1 ♀, Costa Rica, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia cacica, Joicey Bequest., Brit. Mus., 1934 - 120., NHMUK 010474217 (NHMUK); 1 ♀, Castnia cacica H. S, SixolaRiv CR, April (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Castnia cacica H. S, Sixola Riv CR, April, NHMUK 010474216 (NHMUK); 2 ♂♂, Sixola Riv CR, April (NHMUK); 1 ♂, COSTA RICA., A. G. M. Gillott., B. M. 1929 - 315. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Carrillo, Costa Rica (NHMUK).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43276FFFCFF4B3F55C26DFAE2.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Provincia de Limón, Limón,. 19, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S, CASENT 8525739 (CAS).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43276FFFCFF4B3FACC66DF9E6.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♀, Heredia, Sarapiqui, Magsasay, 200 m, 12 mayo 1994, C. Pineda, G. Vega, MNCR-E 55728, MNCR-A 5055728 (MNCR).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43276FFF7FF4B3CA8C585FE1A.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Provincia de Limón, Limón,. 19, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S (CAS); 1 ♂, Tuis, 280 ft, July, collection of Wm Schaus, USNMENT 01492474 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Juan Viñas, collection of Wm Schaus, USNMENT 01492475 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Cachi, USNMENT 01492476 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Guápiles, 850 ft, May ‘ 07, collection of Wm Schaus, USNMENT 01492477 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Guápiles, 850 ft, May ‘ 07, collection of Wm Schaus, USNMENT 01492478 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Cartina Licoro, USNMENT 01492479 (NMNH); 1 ♀, leg. H. Pittier, F. H. Chittender, USNMENT 01492480 (NMNH); 1 ♂, E. A. Smith collection, USNMENT 01492483 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Sitio, May, USNMENT 01492481 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Juan Viñas, 2500 - 3500 ft, Nov ‘ 06, collection of Wm Schaus, USNMENT 01492482 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, September 2010 (RW); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, May 2011 (RW); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, May 2012 (RW); 1 ♀, Guápiles, Limón, September 2010 (RW); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón Prov., Sep- 2010 (DC); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón Prov., Ock- 2010 (DC); 1 ♂, Estac. Biol. La Selva, Heredia, VII- 1 / 5, J. Powell at lights, EMEC 1330800 (EMEC); 1 ♂, Alajuela, Cariblanco, 800 m, Río Cariblanco, 30 agosto 1992, 516300 - 250000, J. F. Corrales, INBIOCRI 001109500 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Alajuela, Cariblanco, Cuesta Angel, 15 - V- 82, R. Canet, 750 m, INBIOCRI 001055978 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Alajuela, Reserva de Sn Ramón, Río Sn Lorencito, 800 m, 23 mayo 1986, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001055980, MNCR-A 1055980 (MNCR); 1 ♂, R. B. Hitoy Cerere., Col. Carballo, Prov. Limón, L _ S- 184.200 - 643.300. Dic- 92 # 3190, INBIOCRI 001145420, MNCR-A 1145420 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Valle de la Estrella, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, 100 m, Ago 1994, G. Carballo, L _ S 184400 _ 643600 # 3190, INBIOCRI 002052775, MNCR-A 2052775 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sect. San Ramón de Dos Ríos, Prov. Alaju., 620 m, 3 - 4 ABR 1995, M. Chinchilla, L _ N 381100 _ 381900 # 5328, INBIOCRI 002250760, MNCR-A 2250760 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Amubri, Prov. Limón, 70 m, 1 - 29 AGO 1994, G. Gallardo, L _ S 385500 _ 578000 # 3178, INBIOCRI 002016909, MNCR-A 2016909 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sect. San Ramón de Dos Ríos, Prov. Alaju., 620 m, 18 MAR- 13 ABR 1995, F. A. Quesada, L _ N 381100 _ 381900, # 5274, INBIOCRI 002247147, MNCR-A 2247147 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Octubre 1992, G. Carballo, INBIOCRI 001111580, MNCR-A 1111580 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Río Cerere, 200 m, Prov. Limón, G. Carballo, Set 1990, L _ N _ 184200, 643300, INB 0003527277, MNCR-A 3527277 (MNCR); 1 ♂, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Valle de la Estrella, Prov. Limón, 100 - 200 m, 24 Ago- 16 Sep 1993, G. Carballo, L _ N 643400 _ 184600. # 2795, INBIOCRI 001751443, MNCR-A 1751443 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Río San Lorenzo, Z. P. Tenorio A. C. A. Tilarán, Prov. Guana, 1050 m, May 1994, G. Rodríguez, L _ N 427600 _ 287800. # 2933, INBIOCRI 001873654, MNCR-A 1873654 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Río San Lorenzo, Z. P. Tenorio A. C. A. Tilarán, Prov. Guana, 1050 m, May 1994, G. Rodríguez, L _ N 427600 _ 287800. # 2933, INBIOCRI 001873655, MNCR-A 1873655 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Amubri, Limón, 70 m, 2 - 30 MAR 1996, G. Gallardo, L _ S 385000 _ 578100, # 7510, INBIOCRI 002464399, MNCR-A 2464399 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas, Prov. Limón, 150 m, Set 1994, E. Rojas, L _ N 286000 _ 567500 # 3218, INBIOCRI 001995613, MNCR-A 1995613 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sect. San Ramón de Dos Ríos, Prov. Alaju., 620 m, 18 MAR- 13 ABR 1995, F. A. Quesada, L _ N 381100 _ 381900, # 5274, INBIOCRI 002247150, MNCR-A 2247150 (MNCR); 1 ♂, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Valle de la Estrella, Prov. Limón, 100 - 200 m, 24 Ago- 16 Sep 1993, G. Carballo, L _ N 643400 _ 184600. # 2795, INBIOCRI 001751442, MNCR- A 1751442 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, A. C. Amistad, Amubri, 70 m, 15 Octubre 1992, G. Gallardo, INB 0003527266, MNCR-A 3527266 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, A. C. Amistad, Amubri, 70 m, 15 Octubre 1992, G. Gallardo, INB 0003527267, MNCR-A 3527267 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Alajuela, Sn Ramón, Reserva Río Sn. Lorencito, 800 m, 13 - 16 Junio 1988, A. Solis, INB 0003527280, MNCR-A 3527280 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Reserva Biológica Hitoy Cerere, Valle de la Estrella, Altura: 100 m, LS: 643.400 _ 184.600, Julio 1992, F. A. Quesada, INB 0003527279, MNCR- A 3527279 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Quebrada Molinete, 500 m, 14 Febrero 1984, I. A. Chacón, INB 0003527278, MNCR-A 3527278 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio 1, 800 - 900 m, 21 ABR 2007, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre, L _ N _ 296656 _ 427876. # 91079, INB 0004073370, MNCR-A 4073370 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Valle Río Buenavista, Teñideros, 800 - 900 m, 2 ABR 2007, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre, L _ N _ 297843 _ 427210 # 91085, INB 0004073438, MNCR-A 4073438 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Cartago, Turrialba, Z. P. Río Tuís, Finca Quijote, Propietario Sr. Phillip E. Hacicock, 859 m, 19 - 22 Oct 2010, Hernández, M. Moraga, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 197807 _ 576097 # 99998, INB 0004265057, MNCR-A 4265057 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est Biol. La Tirimbina, 167 m, 31 ENE 2012, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359 # 107978, INB 0004384307, MNCR-A 4384307 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Bribri, 14 sept 1980, R. G. Campos (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 167 m, 24 FEB 2014, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359, # 109624, INB 0004431842, MNCR-A 4431842 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón, Fca. Sandoval-RECOPE, Polígono (Sitio D, herbazal ó área abierta), 24 m, 7 al 12 ABR 2011, J. Montero, M. Moraga, A. Solis, Manual, L _ N _ 220420 _ 634192. # 102087, INB 0004282149, MNCR-A 4282149 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, La Isla, 100 - 200 m, 14 SEP 2011, C Miranda, Colecta libre, L _ N _ 266175 _ 522264. # 108064, INB 0004386636, MNCR-A 4386636 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, La Isla, 100 - 200 m, 30 AGO 2011, C Miranda, Colecta libre, L _ N _ 266175 _ 522264. # 108062, INB 0004386633, MNCR-A 4386633 (MNCR); 1 ♀, M. N. Guayabo, Turrialba, Prov. Cartago, 1100 m, 21 Jun 1994, J. F. Corrales, L _ N 570000 _ 217400. # 3028, INBIOCRI 001973415, MNCR-A 1973415 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Valle de la Estrella, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, A. C. Amistad, Prov. Limón, 100 m, Jun 1994, G. Carballo, L _ S 184600 _ 643400, # 3014, INBIOCRI 001965741, MNCR-A 1965741 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Octubre 1992, 100 m, G. Carballo, 9.671765 - 83.0277017, INBIOCRI 001111581, MNCR-A 1111581 (MNCR); 1 ♀, La Selva Biol. Sta., 40 m, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Heredia Prov., Aug 1987, M. M. Chavarría, 10.4311111 - 84.0033333, INB 0003527276, MNCR-A 3527276 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Est. Pilón, 700 - 800 m, 8 JUN 2007, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913, # 92160, INB 0004105715, MNCR-A 4105715 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 50 - 150 m, 10 26 ’ N, 84 01 ’ W, 21 Apr 1996, INBio-OET. D. Wagner, INBIOCRI 002061730 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, La Isla, 100 - 200 m, 16 SEP 2011, E. Ulate, Colecta libre, L _ N _ 266175 _ 522261, # 108065, INB 0004386637, MNCR-A 4386637 (MNCR); 1 ♀, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, G. Carballo, Dic. 92, L _ S _ 184200 _ 645300, INBIOCRI 001145421, MNCR-A 1145421 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Heredia, Horquetas - Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600 m, 7 feb 1992, I. A. Chacón, MNCR-E 55734 (MNCR 18846), MNCR- A 5055734 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Limón, Río Corinto, 200 mts., 11 - V- 95, G. Vega, A. Valerio, MNCR-E 55730 (MNCR 18847), MNCR-A 5055730 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, F. A. Quesada, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 001295473, MNCR-A 1295473 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Eladios, 820 m, Ref. Peñas Blancas, Res. Biol. Monteverde, Prov. Alajuela, E. Bello Dic. 1990, L _ N _ 254750 _ 457650, INBIOCRI 001110662, MNCR-A 1110662 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Valle de la Estrella, Hitoy Cerere, Septiembre 1992, G. Carballo, 9.671765 - 83.0277017, INBIOCRI 001110095, MNCR-A 1110095 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. N. V. S. Gandoca Manzanillo, Set. 1992, F. Quesada, 9.671765 - 83.0277017, INBIOCRI 001110124, MNCR-A 1110124 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Cerro Tortuguero, P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limón, 100 m, April 1989, R. Aguilar & J. Solano, 285000 _ 588000, INBIOCRI 001055974, MNCR-A 1055974 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Cuatro Esquinas. P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limón, 0 m, Dic. 1989, J. Solano, 280000 _ 590500, INBIOCRI 000161079, MNCR-A 161079 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, G. Carballo, May 1991, L-N- 184200, 643300, INBIOCRI 001110663, MNCR-A 1110663 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Cuatro Esquinas, P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limón, 0 m, Set. 1989, J. Solano, UTM 280000 _ 590500, INBIOCRI 000086258, MNCR-A 86258 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, R. Cerere, 200 m, Prov. Limón, M. Barrelier, Set 1990, L _ N _ 184200, 643300, INBIOCRI 001110667, MNCR-A 1110667 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sector Cerro Cocori, Fca. de E. Rojas, Prov. Limón, 9 a 30 nov 1992, E. Rojas, L _ N 286000 _ 567500, INBIOCRI 000931242, MNCR-A 931242 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, F. A. Quesada, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 001295492, MNCR-A 1295492 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, K. Taylor, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 000981828, MNCR- A 981828 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, K. Taylor, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 000981831, MNCR-A 981831 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, 100 m, 24 Ago- 16 Set 1993, G. Carballo, L _ N _ 643400 _ 184600. # 2341, INBIOCRI 001138110, MNCR- A 1138110 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, F. A. Quesada, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 001295491, MNCR-A 1295491 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, K. Taylor, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 000981826, MNCR-A 981826 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov., Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, F. A. Quesada, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 001295489, MNCR- A 1295489 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, K. Taylor, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 000981827, MNCR-A 981827 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 5 a 13 Dic 1992, K. Taylor, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 000816674, MNCR-A 816674 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, A. Moreno, Ago 1991, L _ N _ 184200 _ 643300, INBIOCRI 001110665, MNCR-A 1110665 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, G. Carballo, Jul 1991, L-N- 184200, 643300, INBIOCRI 001110664, MNCR-A 1110664 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, K. Taylor, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 000981829, MNCR-A 981829 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, F. A. Quesada, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 001295493, MNCR-A 1295493 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, K. Taylor, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 000981830, MNCR- A 981830 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 5 a 13 Dic 1992, K. Taylor, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 000816673, MNCR-A 816673 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Amubri, Prov. Limón, 70 m, 6 - 27 Jun 1993, G. Gallardo, L _ S 385500 _ 578000, # 2250, INBIOCRI 001124867, MNCR-A 1124867 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sector Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas, 30 Km N de Cariari, Prov. Limón, 100 m, May 1993, E. Rojas, L _ N _ 286000 _ 567500, # 2101, INBIOCRI 001696764, MNCR-A 1696764 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, F. A. Quesada, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 001295486, MNCR-A 1295486 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, F. A. Quesada, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 001295488, MNCR-A 1295488 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Manzanillo, 0 - 100 m, RNFS Gandoca y Manzanillo, Prov. Limón, 6 ENE a 27 ENE 1993, F. A. Quesada, L _ S _ 398100 _ 610600, INBIOCRI 001295490, MNCR-A 1295490 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Amubri, Prov. Limón, 70 m, 6 - 27 Jun 1993, G. Gallardo, L _ S 385500 _ 578000, # 2250, INBIOCRI 001124868, MNCR-A 1124868 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere. Res, Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Río Cerere, 200 m, Prov. Limón, G. Carballo, Nov. 1990, L-N- 184200, 643300, INBIOCRI 000676688, MNCR-A 676688 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Amubri, 70 m, Talamanca, Prov. Limón, 12 a 30 oct 1992, G. Gallardo, L _ S _ 385500 _ 578050, INBIOCRI 000829671, MNCR-A 829671 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, Mar 1993, G. Carballo, L _ N _ 184200 _ 643300, INBIOCRI 001299434, MNCR-A 1299434 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Junio 1992, G. Carballo, INBIOCRI 001109451, MNCR-A 1109451 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Cuatro Esquinas, 0 m, P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limón, Mar 1993, R. Delgado, L _ N _ 280000 _ 590500, INBIOCRI 001369371, MNCR-A 1369371 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Julio 1992, G. Carballo, INBIOCRI 001109447, MNCR-A 1109447 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Magsasay, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, 200 m, Prov. Heredia, A. Fernández, Dic 1990, L _ N _ 264600 _ 531100, INBIOCRI 000384455, MNCR-A 384455 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Bribri, 14 sept 1980, Isidro Chacón, INBIOCRI 001055975, MNCR-A 1055975 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Amubri, Prov. Limón, 70 m, 5 - 28 Jul 1993, G. Gallardo, L _ S 385500 _ 578000, # 2251, INBIOCRI 001172632, MNCR-A 1172632 (MNCR); 1 ♂, R. San Lorencito, 900 m, R. F. San Ramón, 5 km N. de Colonia Palmareña, Prov. Alajuela, 13 - 18 Jun 1993, Curso Scarabeidae, L _ N _ 244500 _ 470700, INBIOCRI 001364831, MNCR-A 1364831 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí. Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 167 m, 8 ABR 2011, I. Chacón, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359. # 102267, INB 0004285454, MNCR-A 4285454 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Valle de la Estrella, Selva Bananito Lodge, 9 50 14.4, - 83 03 10.6, Bosque Secundario, 79 m, 31 mayo 2011, Col. J. Solano Z., MNCR-E 41885, MNCR-A 1295485 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas Osa, Palmar Norte, Cerca de Q. Benjamín, Fila Retinto, 8 58 57 83, 27 53 53.2, 192 msnm, 16 / 11 / 2011, Col. J. Solano / C. Pineda, MNCR-E 55735 (MNCR) [The locality data of this specimen is doubtful]; 1 ♂, Heredia, Horquetas, Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600 m, 21 agosto 1993, I. A. Chacón, MNCR-E 55733, MNCR-A 5055733 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Heredia, Horquetas, Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600 m, 20 set. 1993, I. A. Chacón, MNCR-E 55732 (MNCR 19732), MNCR- A 5055732 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Heredia, Horquetas - Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600 m, 23 may 1993, I. A. Chacón, MNCR-E 55731 (MNCR 18849), MNCR-A 5055731 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Valle de la Estrella, Selva Bananito Lodge, 9 48 47.1, - 83 03 40.6, Quebrada La Cristalina, 98 m, 3 de junio 2011, Col. J. Solano Z., MNCR-E 41884, MNCR- A 5041884 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Est. El Pilón, Río Celeste, 967 m, 30 JUN 2001, G. Rodríguez, Red, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913. # 62841, INB 0003317046, MNCR-A 3317046 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Grano de Oro, Chirripó, Turrialba, A. C. Amistad, Prov. Cartago, 1120 m, 19 - 30 Jun 1993, P. Campos, L _ N _ 200250 _ 595900. # 2173, INBIOCRI 001849567, MNCR-A 1849567 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón, Central, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Est. Hitoy Cerere, Send. Espavel, 220 m, 6 MAY 1999, R. Barton, Red de Golpe, L _ S _ 401558 _ 570460. # 53814, INB 0003057426, MNCR-A 3057426 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Est. El Pilón, Río Celeste, 967 m, 30 JUN 2001, G. Rodríguez, Red, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913. # 62841, INB 0003317049, MNCR-A 3317049 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón, Reserva Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Est. Hitoy Cerere, Send. Espavel, 220 m, 22 JUL 1999, R. Barton, Manual (red. Libre), L _ S _ 401558 _ 570460, # 53612, INB 0003040247, MNCR-A 3040247 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Est. El Pilón, Río Celeste, 967 m, 30 JUN 2001, G. Rodríguez, Red, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913. # 62841, INB 0003317048, MNCR-A 3317048 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Grano de Oro, Chirripó, Turrialba, A. C. Amistad, Prov. Cartago, 1120 m, 19 - 30 Jun 1993, P. Campos, L _ N _ 200250 _ 595900. # 2173, INBIOCRI 001849569, MNCR-A 1849569 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Guanacaste, Z. P. Tenorio, Sector Alto Los Masís, 1100 m, 10 - 14 JUN 2002, B. Espinoza, Tr de Luz, L _ N _ 288201 _ 427850. # 69905, INB 0003495990, MNCR-A 3495990 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Grano de Oro, Chirripó, Turrialba, A. C. Amistad, Prov. Cartago, 1120 m, 19 - 30 Jun 1993, P. Campos, L _ N _ 200250 _ 595900. # 2173, INBIOCRI 001849568, MNCR-A 1849568 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Grano de Oro, Chirripó, Turrialba, A. C. Amistad, Prov. Cartago, 1120 m, 19 - 30 Jun 1993, P. Campos, L _ N _ 200250 _ 595900. # 2173, INBIOCRI 001849570, MNCR-A 1849570 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Camino entre Cunabri y Río Telire, 31 agosto 1984, Angel Solis, M. M. Chavarría, 9.6092425 - 83.1938664, INBIOCRI 001056118, MNCR-A 1056118 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Est. El Pilón, Río Celeste, 967 m, 30 JUN 2001, G. Rodríguez, Red, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913. # 62841, INB 0003317047, MNCR-A 3317047 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 100 - 200 m, 23 OCT 2013, C. Miranda, Colecta libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359. # 108400, INB 0004392137, MNCR- A 4392137 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Est. El Pilón, Río Celeste, 967 m, 30 JUN 2001, G. Rodríguez, Red, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913. # 62841, INB 0003317044, MNCR-A 3317044 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Estación Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, 24 SEPT 2003, J. Montero, Libre, L _ N _ 184500 _ 643470, # 76210, INB 0003801272, MNCR-A 3801272 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sect. San Ramón de Dos Ríos, Prov. Alajuela, 620 m, 18 MAR- 13 APR 1995, F. A. Quesada, L _ N _ 318100 _ 381900, # 5274, INBIOCRI 002247149, MNCR-A 2247149 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Hitoy Cerere, A. C. Aminstad, Prov. Limón, 100 - 200 m, 20 May- 6 Jun 1993, G. Carballo, L _ N _ 184600 _ 643400. # 2126, INBIOCRI 001848527, MNCR-A 1848527 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167 m, 24 MAY 2009, I. Chacón, A. Barrientos, Tp Luz, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359. # 96905, INB 0004216578, MNCR-A 4216578 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Heredia, Sarapiquí, La Virgen, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 167 m, Col. Cristian Miranda, 17 / Mayo / 2011, 10.4165556, - 84.1201667, INB 0004302485, MNCR-A 4302485 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Julio 1992, G. Carballo, INBIOCRI 001109448, MNCR-A 1109448 (MNCR); 1 ♂, R. San Lorencito, 900 m, R. F. San Ramón, 5 km N. de Colonia Palmareña, Prov. Alajuela, 13 - 18 Jun 1993, Curso Scarabeidae, L _ N _ 244500 _ 470700, INBIOCRI 001364828, MNCR-A 1364828 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón. Valle de la Estrella, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, La Poza de las Chichis, 140 m, 9 JUN 1999, R. Barton, Manual (red libre), L _ N _ 184176 _ 643226, # 53756, INB 0003042916 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca, 1115 m, ABR 2009, R. Rojas, Colecta libre, L _ N _ 242516 _ 483199, # 99369, INB 0004239756, MNCR- A 4239756 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, Prov. Guanacaste, OCT 1989, C. Moraga & P. Ríos, UTM 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI 000081758, MNCR-A 81758 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Amubri, A. C. Amistad, Prov. Limón, 70 m, 1 - 9 Feb 1994, G. Gallardo, L _ S _ 385500 _ 578000, # 2687, INBIOCRI 001698463, MNCR-A 1698463 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Est. Hitoy-Cerere, 100 m, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov. Limón, G. Carballo, 4 - 20 Dic 1991, L-N- 184200, 643300, INBIOCRI 001110666, MNCR-A 1110666 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Amubri, Prov. Limón, 70 m, 4 - 30 ABR 1995, G. Gallardo, L _ S _ 385000 _ 578100, # 4812, INBIOCRI 002145259, MNCR-A 2145259 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Cartago, Turrialba, Vereh, 1200 m, 26 Julio 95, Javier S., G. Vega, MNCR-E 55729 (MNCR 18848), MNCR-A 5055729 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, Upala, Bijagua, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Albergue Heliconias, 700 m, JUN 2000, G. Rodríguez, Manual, L _ N _ 423800 _ 299800, # 58126, INB 0003172541, MNCR-A 3172541 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Estación Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, 24 SEPT 2003, J. Montero, Libre, L _ N _ 184500 _ 643470, # 76210, INB 0003801270, MNCR-A 3801270 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Estación Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, 20 ENE 2007, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre, L _ N _ 184344 _ 643687, # 90451, INB 0004054130, MNCR- A 4054130 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca, Send. Higuerón, 1115 m, 18 MAY- 6 JUN 2009, R. Rojas, Colecta libre, L _ N _ 242482 _ 483371, # 97580, INB 0004223743, MNCR-A 4223743 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca, 1115 m, 7 ENE 2012, M. Gutiérrez, Colecta libre, L _ N _ 242482 _ 483371, # 103463, INB 0004307876, MNCR-A 4307876 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Guanacaste, A. C. Guanacaste, Est. Cacao, 25 mayo 1992, M. A. Zumbado, 323200 _ 375600 (10.9291667 - 85.4708344), INBIOCRI 001110178, MNCR- A 1110178 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón, Veragua Rainforest, Restaurant, 400 - 440 m, 7 DEC 2008, R. Villalobos, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 212220 _ 625230. # 95403, INB 0004185999, MNCR-A 4185999 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Juan Viñas, Costa Rica, Schaus Collectn Acc. 4960 (CMNH); 1 ♂, Sitio, Costa Rica, June, Schaus Collectn Acc. 4960 (CMNH); 1 ♀, Chilamate, Finca La Selva, Costa Rica, 10 km from Puerto Viejo on Sarapiquí River, 12 / 28 / [19] 86, E. C. Olson (FSCA); 1 ♀, Guapiles, Limón, Costa Rica, iv. 2009 (RV); 1 ♀, Costa Rica, F. E, Watson (AMNH); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, F. Johnson (AMNH); 1 ♂, Porosi [Pococí], Costa Rica, 17 - viii- 1931, F. E. Church (AMNH); 1 ♂, Provincia de Limón, Limón,. 19, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S (CAS); 1 ♀, Provincia de Limón, Limón,. 19, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S (CAS); 2 ♂♂, Bijagua, Alajuela, Costa Rica, 800 m on the Atlantic slope, March, 5 - 9, 2003 (BS); 1 ♂, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Del Oro, Tangelo, 410 m, 12 - Apr- 2006, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 06 - SRNP- 101557 (sequenced), 11.018, - 85.45 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector San Cristobal, Estación San Gerardo, 575 m, 10 - Jul- 2006, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 06 - SRNP- 103282 (sequenced), 10.88, - 85.389 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Río Francia, 410 m, 13 - May- 2007, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 07 - SRNP- 103809 (sequenced), 10.904, - 85.287 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Río Francia, 410 m, 27 - Mar- 2010, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 10 - SRNP- 103416 (sequenced), 10.904, - 85.287 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295 m (light trap), Col. Gusaneros, 14 - SRNP- 12250 (sequenced), 10.838, - 85.619 (NMNH); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia atymnius, Irazú, 6 - 7000 ft., H. Rogers., Godman-Salvin Coll. 96. - 222. (NHMUK); 2 ♀♀, Cachí Costa Rica, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Costa Rica., A. G. M. Guillott., B. M. 1929 - 315. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Defasciata Strand, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia atymnius, Irazú, 6 - 7000 ft., H. Rogers., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Cartago, Costa Rica, 60. 25., Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, San José, Costa Rica, (Underwood) (NHMUK); 2 ♂♂, Carrillo, Costa Rica (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Castnia atymnius Dalman, Guapiles CR, June (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Tuis, Costa Rica (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Guapiles CR, June (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Carrillo, Costa Rica, VI. VII. 03., (Underwood) (NHMUK); 2 ♂♂, Puntarenas Prov., Jaco, Quebrada Amarilla, Montelimar, July- 2012 (DC) [The locality data of these specimens is doubtful]; 1 ♂, Jaco, Puntarenas March- 2012 (DC) [The locality data of this specimen is doubtful].	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4327DFFF5FF4B3B98C4F3FC8E.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Syntype, Castnia drucei Type Sch [au] s, Río Grande C. R., Dec. [19] 08, Type No. 11165 U. S. N. M. (NMNH); 1 ♂, Syntype, Abangares, July ‘ 09, USNMENT 01492469 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Syntype, Castnia drucei Schaus, Guapiles CR, May (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, 4 mi, W. Villa Nelly, 5 July 1965, H. G. Real, Herman G. Real Collection – 1988 Gift to the California Academy of Sciences, Herman G. Real Collection (CAS); 1 ♂, Provincia de Puntarenas, San Vito, Río Coto Brus, 16 - 14. VII. 1982, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S. (CAS); 1 ♂, Provincia de Puntarenas, San Vito, Río Coto Brus, XII. 1982, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S. (CAS); 2 ♂♂, Provincia de Puntarenas, (Cerro de) Las Cruces, 1. IX. 1982, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S. (CAS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Puntarenas, Osa, Uvita, IX- 2007 (BLG); 1 ♂, E. A. Smith Collection, USNMENT 01492470 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Palmar, 27 Aug 1959, leg. L. Roth, # 63, USNMENT 01492471 (NMNH); 1 ♀, San José, 4000 ft, collection of Wm Schaus, USNMENT 01492472 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Palmar, 27 Aug 1959, leg. L. Roth, # 64, USNMENT 01492473 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Curridabat, viii- 3 - 76, ovipositing on banana and heliconia, USMNENT 00940282 (NMNH); 1 ♂, San Vito, Puntarenas, September 2011 (RW); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, September 2011 (RW); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, September 2012 (RW); 1 ♀, San Vito, Puntarenas, March 2011 (RW); 1 ♀, Guápiles, Limón, September 2013 (RW); 1 ♂, San Buenas, Osa Peninsula, 05 - June- 2010 (DC); 1 ♂, San Buenas, Osa Peninsula, 05 - March- 2010 (DC); 1 ♂, Corcovado, Osa, 23 - Feb- 2012 (DC); 1 ♂, Golfito, 19 - May- 1993, leg. G. ten Brock (DC); 1 ♂, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, 10 - July- 2010 (DC); 2 ♀♀, Coronado, Puntarenas, Feb- 2012 (DC); 1 ♀, Limón Province, Guápiles, Pococí Buenos Aires, Santa Clara River, 550 m, June- 2012 (DC); 1 ♀, June- 2011 (DC); 1 ♀, San Vito, 6 - Feb- 2010 (DC); 1 ♀, Sona Sur (DC); 1 ♂, YPM ENT 007182 (YPM); 1 ♂, Puntarenas Prov., Osa Peninsula, Rincón de Osa, 22 July 1966, D. Veirs, coll. (UGCA); 1 ♂, Heredia, San Josecito, 16 - V- 82, K. Canet, 1350 m, INBIOCRI 001055982 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Puntarenas, Sn Vito, Las Cruces, Abril 1988, L. D. Gomez, INBIOCRI 001056102 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Quepos, P. N. Manuel Antonio, Agosto 1992, 448800 - 370400. G. Varela. 80 m., INBIOCRI 001110179, MNCR-A 1110179 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa, Sierpe, Límite P. N. Piedras Blancas, Riyito, 10 m, 19 FEB 2001, M. Red Mariposera, L _ S _ 541500 _ 301500. # 61783, INB 0003155420, MNCR-A 3155420 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Sirena, Corcovado N. P. 0 - 100 m, Puntarenas, Feb 1990, G. Fonseca, 270500 _ 508300, INBIOCRI 000161535, MNCR-A 161535 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Esquinas, Pen. de Osa, Prov. Punta., 200 m, May 1993, M. Segura, L _ S _ 301400 _ 542200. # 2144, INBIOCRI 001697136, MNCR-A 1697136 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sirena, Corcovado Nat. Pk. Osa Penin., 23 March 1984, DH Janzen & W Hallwachs, INBIOCRI 002607808, MNCR-A 2607808 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Sirena, P. N. Corcovado, 0 - 100 m, Prov. Punt., C. Saborio, Oct 1990, L _ S _ 270500 _ 508300, INBIOCRI 000245245, MNCR-A 245245 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Fca. Cafrosa, 1300 m, Est. Las Mellizas, P. Internac. La Amistad, Prov. Punt., M. Ramirez, May 1991, L _ S _ 316100 _ 596100, INBIOCRI 001110191, MNCR-A 1110191 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Quebrada Bonita, 50 m, R. B. Carara Puntarenas Pr., R. Zuñiga, April 1989, 194500 _ 469850, INBIOCRI 001055970, MNCR-A 1055970 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Fca. Cafrosa, Est. Las Mellizas, P. N. Amistad, Puntarenas Pr., 1300 m, April 1989, M. Ramirez & G. Mora, 316100 _ 599200, INBIOCRI 001055971, MNCR-A 1055971 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Corcavado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 5 - 14 Aug 1978, D. H. Janzen, INBIOCRI 002607807, MNCR-A 2607807 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, Escazú, 1200 m, 27 - 8 - 83, leg. A. M. Chavarría, INBIOCRI 001056119, MNCR-A 1056119 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Punta Banco, 0 - 100 m, 22 - 25 Agosto 1988, A. Solis, INBIOCRI 001055973, MNCR-A 1055973 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Puntarenas, R. V. S. Golfito, Osa, P. N. Piedras Blancas, Sector El Tajo, 150 m, 15 - 18 SEP 2001, M. Moraga, Red de Golpe, L _ S _ 291500 _ 551500. # 64729, INB 0003375949, MNCR-A 3375949 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Corcovado, Loop trail, 20 - XI- 76, leg. P. J. De Vries, INBIOCRI 001055972 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Heredia, Sto Domingo, INBio, 24 Mayo 1993, J. Corrales, A. Solis, INBIOCRI 000395798, MNCR-A 395798 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Puntarenas, P. N. Corcovado, Sector La Leona, Cerro Puma, 100 - 302 m, 21 JUN- 7 JUL 2003, K. Caballero, Libre, L _ S _ 267700 _ 518900. # 74483, INB 0003734399, MNCR-A 3734399 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Puntarenas, Est. Carara, 0 - 100 m, 19 JUL 2004, W. Porras, J. Mata, B. Gamboa, D. Briceño, M. Moraga, Y. Cárdenas, Libre, L _ N _ 195703 _ 470200. # 77755, INB 0003862840, MNCR-A 3862840 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, D. H. Janzen (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. San José, Pérez Zeledón. R. F. Los Santos, Río Nuevo, 2.5 km N. E. unión ríos Savegre y División, Cuenca Río Savegre, 321 m, 15 - 16 MAR 2002, L. G. Chaverri, Colecta Libre, L _ S _ 378348 _ 469538. # 102299, INB 0004286783 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBioparque, 1100 - 1200 m, 25 MAY 2013, J. A. Azofeifa, Colecta Libre, Bioblitz, L _ N _ 217300 _ 526300. # 107049, INB 0004366802, MNCR-A 4366802 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBioparque, 1100 - 1200 m, 25 MAY 2013, J. A. Azofeifa, Colecta Libre, Bioblitz, L _ N _ 217300 _ 526300. # 107049, INB 0004366801, MNCR-A 4366801 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Puntarenas, Ciudad Pto. Cortes, 75 m E. de M. A. G., 0 - 100 m, 11 NOV 2003, J. Montero J., Manual, L _ S _ 323820 _ 515600. # 76979, INB 0003841872, MNCR-A 3841872 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBio. 1100 m, 30 OCT 2001, J. Montero. Manual, L _ N _ 217300 _ 526200. # 64940, INB 0003380476, MNCR-A 3380476 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Sirena, Corcovado N. P. Puntarenas Prov., 0 - 100 m, R. Blanco & G. Fonseca, April 1989, 270500 _ 508300, INBIOCRI 001056103, MNCR-A 1056103 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Fca. Cafrosa, Est. Las Mellizas, P. N. Amistad, 1300 m, Prov. Punt., J. C. Saborio, Jun-Jul 1990, 316100 _ 596100, INBIOCRI 000281919, MNCR-A 281919 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas, Res. Ftal Golfo Dulce, Proy. Zamia, Playa Cacao, 130 m, 12 - 16 JUL 1999, M. Moraga, T de Luz, L _ S _ 286600 _ 553100. # 53640, INB 0003055485, MNCR-A 3055485 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas, Golfito, P. N. Piedras Blancas, Riyito, 10 m, 11 - 25 JUN 2001, M. Moraga, Red Mariposera, L _ S _ 301500 _ 541500. # 63538, INB 0003341440, MNCR-A 3341440 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Z. P. Nosara, Sector el Mirador, 780 m, 8 - 13 AGO 2002, H. Mendez, Tp de Luz, L _ N _ 220750 _ 383450. # 71043, INB 0003527878, MNCR-A 3527878 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Alajuela, Naranjo - Rosario, Reserva Río Grande, Septiembre 5 1992, Gerardo Mora, INBIOCRI 001110123 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. San José, Rohrmoser, 1 km N. de Pavas, 1000 - 1100 m, 23 SEP 2004, J. Mata, Libre, L _ N _ 215400 _ 522250. # 78792, INB 0003891848, MNCR-A 3891848 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Puntarenas, Ciudad Pto. Cortes, Quebrada Rey, 0 - 100 m, 15 AGO 2005, M. Moraga, Libre, L _ S _ 324090 _ 512700. # 84507, INB 0003971318, MNCR- A 3971318 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, Grecia, Casa José Montero Jiménez, 918 m, JUL 2007, J. Montero Jiménez, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 226140 _ 501979. # 93830, INB 0004148630, MNCR-A 4148630 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas Osa. Palmar Norte, Fila Retinto, Cerca de Q. Benjamín, 8 58 46 / 83, 58 27 53.2, 197 msnm, 16 / 11 / 2011, Col. J. Solano / C. Pineda, MNCR-E 34987, MNCR-A 5034987 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Puntarenas Osa. Palmar Norte, Camino orilla de Quebrada Grande, 8 58 7.7 / 83 26 37.3, 200 msnm, 23 / 02 / 2012, Col. Javier Solano, MNCR-E 55744, MNCR- A 5055744 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas Aguirre, Savegre, Fca. Rafike, 9 26 36 - 83 59 16, 8 - mayo- 2002, 250 m, Col. G. Vega A., MNCR-E 55742 (MNCR 18558), MNCR-A 5055742 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas Aguirre, Savegre, Portalón, 9 20 48.13 N, 83 59 28.52 W, 27 m, Cultivo palma aceitera, Rec. G. Vega A., MNCR-E 55741 (MNCR 18857), MNCR-A 5055741 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, Desamparados, Lomas de Salitral, 1400 m, 19 / Jul / 1994, Matin Baltodano, German Vega A., MNCR-E 55743 (MNCR 18852), MNCR-A 5055743 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas Osa, Palmar Norte, Camino orilla de Quebrada Grande, 8 58 7.7 / 83 26 37.3, 200 msnm, 23 / 02 / 2012, Col. Javier Solano, MNCR-E 55747 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas Osa, Sitio Arqueológico Fca., 6. 8 52 42, 83 28 4,. 10 mnsm, 12 / 5 // 2011, Col. Javier Solano, MNCR-E 34988, MNCR-A 5034988 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas Osa, Palmar Norte, Fila Retinto, Cerca de Q. Benjamín, 8 58 57 / 83. 27 48, 250 m, 12 / 5 / 2011, Col. J. Solano, MNCR-E 34989, MNCR-A 5034989 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, Villa Colón, Had. El Rodeo, 800 m, VII / VII 1995, German Vega A., MNCR-E 55748 (MNCR 18854), MNCR-A 5055748 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, Perez Zeledón, Quebradas, Finca La Pizota, 900 m, 10 / Agos / 1994, G. Vega, C. Pineda, A. Valerio, MNCR-E 55738 (MNCR 18853), MNCR-A 5055738 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, Perez Zeledón, Quebradas, Finca La Pizota, 900 m, 10 / Agos / 1994, G. Vega, C. Pineda, A. Valerio, MNCR- E 55739 (MNCR 18855), MNCR-A 5055739 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, Ciudad Colón, Z. P. El Rodeo, 800 m, 11 Enero 97, G. Vega, MNCR-E 55740 (MNCR 18856), MNCR-A 5055740 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San Mateo, Costa Rica, Febr. Schaus Collectn. Acc. 4960 (CMNH); 1 ♂, Alajuela, Costa Rica, D. E. Harrower, viii. 7.1915 (ANSP); 1 ♂, Cachi, Costa Rica, D. E. Harrower, viii. 16.1915 (ANSP); 1 ♂, Costa Rica (ANSP); 19 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Coto, Costa Rica, 27 - xii- 1955, C. E. Palm [this lot was probably collected over several days but they all have the same label. JMG] (CUIC); 1 ♂, Corcovado de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 02. iii. 2010 (RV); 1 ♂, Corcovado de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 04. iii. 2010 (RV); 1 ♀, Corcovado de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 11. vii. 2010 (RV); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, Hy. Edwards (AMNH); 1 ♂, San Jose, Costa Rica, vii, F. Johnson (AMNH); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, Van Patten., Castnia humboldti rofolimba, Castnia humboldti var. Rufolimba Stnd. Costa Rica, Van Patten, ” Strecker Colln. 23399 Field Museum Nat. Hist. (FMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal, 280 m, 18 - Jul- 2006, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 06 - SRNP- 103393 (sequenced), 10.858, - 85.611 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal, 280 m, 18 - Jul- 2006, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 06 - SRNP- 103394 (sequenced), 10.858, - 85.611 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal, 280 m, 18 - Jul- 2006, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 06 - SRNP- 103395 (sequenced), 10.858, - 85.611 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal, 280 m, 18 - Jul- 2006, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 06 - SRNP- 103396 (sequenced), 10.858, - 85.611 (NMNH); 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Escazu, Costa Rica, Aug. – Oct. 03 (Underwood). (NHMUK); 1 ♀, Castniomera drucei Costa Rica Schaus. 1911 = rufolimba Strand. 1913., B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia futilis, Costa Rica, Van Patten., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Costa Rica., A. G. M. Guillott., B. M. 1929 - 315. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia futilis, Costa Rica, Van Patten., Godman-Salvin Coll. 96. - 222. (NHMUK); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia futilis, Costa Rica, Van Patten., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 1 ♀, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia futilis, Humboldti Boisd., Costa Rica, Van Patten., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia futilis, Costa Rica, Van Patten., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia futilis, Costa Rica, Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913. (NHMUK); 3 ♂♂, Costa Rica, 60. 25., Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Castnia drucei Schaus, SanMateo CR, Nov 25 - Dec 12, 1 - 2000 ft’ 06 (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, (Underwood). (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Castnia drucei Schaus, SanMateo CR, Dec (NHMUK); 1 ♂, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia futilis, Irazu, 6 - 7000 ft., H. Rogers., Godman-Salvin Coll. 96. - 222. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Castniomera drucei Schaus, det. Jacqueline Y. Miller 1977, Castniomera drucei Schaus 9, Costa Rica (Underwood). (NHMUK).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♀, Sta. Clara, May ‘ 08, USNMENT 01492484 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, August 2008 (RW); 1 ♂, Jaco, Puntarenas, May 2012 (RW); 1 ♂, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, 07 / ene / 2013 (RW); 1 ♀, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, 06 / abr / 2013 (RW); 1 ♂, Uvita – Osa, 16 - July- 2010 (DC); 1 ♂, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, 16 - July- 2010 (DC); 1 ♂, Frontera con Panamá (DC); 1 ♀, Limón Province, Guápiles, Pococí Buenos Aires, Santa Clara River, 550 m, June- 2012 (DC); 1 ♂, San José, P. B. Carrillo, La Montura, 1050 m, 23 mayo 1981, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001055993, MNCR-A 1055993 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Alajuela, Reserva de San Ramón, Río San Lorencito, 23 mayo 1986, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001056104, MNCR-A 1056104 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Osa, Rancho Quemado, 29 mayo 1988, A. Solis, INBIOCRI 001055992, MNCR-A 1055992 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Pitilla, 9 Km S. Santa Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana, 700 m, May 1994, P. Ríos, L _ N _ 330200 _ 380200. # 2797, INBIOCRI 002046954, MNCR-A 2046954 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Península de Osa, Rancho Quemado, Julio 1992, F. Quesada, INBIOCRI 001109446, MNCR-A 1109446 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Osa, Rancho Quemado, 29 mayo 1988, A. Solis, INBIOCRI 001055994, MNCR-A 1055994 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Osa, Rancho Quemado, 29 mayo 1988, A. Solis, INBIOCRI 001055995, MNCR-A 1055995 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Fila Carrillo, 700 m, 10 mayo 1984, A. M. Chacón, INB 0003527275, MNCR-A 3527275 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Fila Carrillo, 700 m, 26 mayo 1984, A. M. Chacón, INB 0003527274, MNCR-A 3527274 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Cartago, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Transecto Irazú - Braulio Carrillo, Camp. No 2, 1500 m, 4 - 7 JUN 2004, J. Montero, Libre, L _ N _ 229850 _ 547040. # 77340, INB 0003854210, MNCR-A 3854210 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 5 - 14 Aug 1978, D. H. Janzen, INBIOCRI 002607806, MNCR-A 2607806 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Est. Pitilla, 9 Km S. Santa Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana, 700 m, May 1994, P. Ríos, L _ N _ 330200 _ 380200. # 2797, INBIOCRI 002046953, MNCR-A 2046953 (MNCR); 1 ♀, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, 12 Junio 1988, A. M. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001056105, MNCR-A 1056105 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Estac. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia, Guanac. Pr., May 1989, GNP Biodiversity Survey, 330200 _ 380200, INBIOCRI 001056106, MNCR-A 1056106 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Puntarenas, Golfito, Est. El Tigre, área administrativa, 34 m, 1 AGO 2007, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre, L _ S _ 277800 _ 529600. # 92162, INB 0004105805, MNCR-A 4105805 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 100 - 200 m, 12 ABR 2013, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 268268 _ 523359. # 108140, INB 0004388060, MNCR-A 4388060 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Pococí, Guapiles, Río Blanquito, 742 m, 10 06 47.8 N - 83 48 54.2 W, Julio 2012, Isac Rodríguez, MNCR-E 56122, MNCR-A 5056122 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Osa, Palmar Norte, Fila Retinto, Fca. de Olivier Pérez, 8 59 31, 83 25 47, 950 m, 24 / 3 / 2015, Col. J. Solano Z., MNCR-E 55749, MNCR-A 5055749 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Limón, Pococí, Guapiles, Río Blanquito, 10 06 47.8 N, 83 48 54.2. W, 742 m, 1 Julio 2012, I. Rodríguez, MNCR-E 56123, MNCR-A 5056123 (MNCR); 1 ♀, La Selva, Heredia, Costa Rica, Feb. 28, 2003, fluttering in the Grass since its wings had not expanded properly (BS); 1 ♂, Guapiles Costa Rica, Mai 2010, C 124, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015547975 (RV); 1 ♂, Xanthocastnia viryi, San Vito, Costa Rica, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015547976 (RV); 1 ♂, Type, intermedia, 1919 R, Costa Rica, NHMUK 014173434, VIAL NHMUK 010402781 (NHMUK); 1 ♀, Costa Rica, Underwood, Ex Coll. Herbert Druce., 1913., Joicey Bequest., Brit. Mus., 1934 - 120. (NHMUK).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4327EFFEAFF4B3F89C527FF4E.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♀, Turrialba, 30 - VII- 1963, M. Irwin & D. Q. Cavagnaro (CAS); 1 ♂, Corin [a], 19.05.07, USNMENT 01492485 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Carrillo, May, USNMENT 01492486 (NMNH); 1 ♂, San Vito, Puntarenas (RW); 1 ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Fila Carrillo, 700 m, 27 mayo 1984, A. M. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001055987 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guanacaste, C. Moraga, Jul 1991, L-N- 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI 001110192, MNCR-A 1110192 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, San Cristobal, 600 - 620 m, 26 MAY- 3 JUN 1997, F. A. Quesada, L _ N _ 318056 _ 383200. # 48930, INBIOCRI 002597931, MNCR-A 2597931 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Upala, Bijagua, Albergue Heliconias. 700 m, JUL 2000, G. Rodríguez. Manual (red libre), L _ N _ 299800 _ 423800. # 56947, INB 0003121087, MNCR-A 3121087 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, A. C. Guanacaste, Prov. Guana, 700 m, Jun 1994, P. Ríos, L _ N _ 330200 _ 380200. # 2996, INBIOCRI 001884324, MNCR-A 1884324 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 Km S Sta Cecilia, Prov. Guan., J. F. Corrales, May 1990, L _ N _ 330200 _ 380200, INBIOCRI 000274259, MNCR-A 274259 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, San Cristobal, 600 - 620 m, 26 MAY- 3 JUN 1997, F. A. Quesada, L _ N _ 318056 _ 383200. # 48930, INBIOCRI 002597932, MNCR-A 2597932 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Alajuela, Fca. San Gabriel, 2 km S. W. Dos Ríos, 9 mayo 1990, 600 m, Biodiversidad II, INB 0003527271, MNCR-A 3527271 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Queb. Bonita, 50 m, Res. Biol. Carara, Prov. Punt., E. Bello, Jun 1990, L _ N _ 194500 _ 469850, INBIOCRI 000262145, MNCR-A 262145 (MNCR); 1 ♂, P. N. Guanacaste, Estación Cacao, 1100 m, Mayo 1992, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBIOCRI 001110033, MNCR-A 1110033 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, [Pque] B. Carrillo, Est. La Montura, 24 - V- 81, R Canet, 1000 m, INB 0003527269, MNCR- A 3527269 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José Prov., Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Carrillo Estación, 10 - IV- 83, 700 m, leg. F. G. Stiles, INB 0003527270, MNCR-A 3527270 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Est. Carrillo, 700 m, 9 mayo 1984, Abelardo Chacón, INB 0003527272, MNCR-A 3527272 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Fila Carrillo, 700 m, 27 mayo 1984, A. M. Chacón, INB 0003527273, MNCR-A 3527273 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guan., C. Moraga, May 1991, L-N- 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI 001110189, MNCR-A 1110189 (MNCR); 1 ♂, P. N. Guanacaste, Est. B. Pitilla, 700 m, JULIO 1992, C. Moraga M., INBIOCRI 001110034, MNCR-A 1110034 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Puntarenas, P. I. L. A., Buenos Aires, Est. Altamira, Send. Los Gigantes del Bosque, 1300 - 1400 m, MAY 2004, R. Delgado, Libre, L _ S _ 332043 _ 570853. # 77440, INB 0003855552, MNCR-A 3855552 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Valle Río Roble, Palmital abajo la caliza, 900 - 1000 m, 21 JUN 2006, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre, L _ N _ 297100 _ 426600. # 86691, INB 0004023905, MNCR-A 4023905 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Est. El Pilón, 1.5 SO C. Carmela, 700 - 800 m, 13 JUN 2006, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913. # 86678, INB 0004023650, MNCR- A 4023650 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Guatuso, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Punto 1: Catarata Río Buenavista, 800 m, 3 MAY 2012, J. A. Azofeifa, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 298380 _ 427850. # 104421, INB 0004323020, MNCR-A 4323020 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Guanacaste, Cañas, Los Leones, Aguas Calientes, 800 - 900 m, 20 ABR 2010, W. Porras, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 290924 _ 422861, INB 0004354718, MNCR-A 4354718 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Palmira Gutierrez Braun, Fila Tigre, 1200 m, 6 abril 1996, I. A. Chacón, MNCR-E 55737 (MNCR 18850), MNCR-A 5055737 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca, Send. Higuerón, 1115 m, 18 MAY- 6 JUN 2009, R. Rojas, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 242482 _ 483371. # 97580, INB 0004223746, MNCR-A 4223746 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 167 m, 9 MAY 2012, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359. # 108033, INB 0004386562, MNCR-A 4386562 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, 1200 m, JUN 1997, R. Moraga, L _ N _ 323300 _ 376850. # 49767, INBIOCRI 002601825, MNCR-A 2601825 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Limón, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Junio 1992, G. Carballo, INBIOCRI 001109452, MNCR-A 1109452 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guan., C. Moraga, May 1991, L-N- 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI 001110188, MNCR-A 1110188 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Est. Pitilla, 700 m 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guan., C. Moraga, May 1991, L-N- 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI 001110190, MNCR-A 1110190 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guan., 19 May- 3 JUN 1993, C. Moraga, L-N- 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI 001341699, MNCR-A 1341699 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Estación Pilón, 700 - 800 m, 6 - 12 JUN 2006, J. A. Azofeifa, Tr Frutas, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913. # 86677, INB 0004023644, MNCR- A 4023644 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Limón, Valle de La Estrella, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, La Poza de las Chichis, 140 m, 9 JUN 1999, R. Barton, Manual (red libre), L _ N _ 184176 _ 643226. # 53756, INB 0003042915, MNCR-A 3042915 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Alajuela, Guatuso, Fca. Cote (Lago de Cote), 700 m, 3 de julio 1999, Rec. German Vega A., MNCR-E 55736 (MNCR 18851), MNCR-A 5055736 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Cyanostola Diva Butl, S, chiriquensis (sic) Strand? Costa Rica, Col. E. Giacomelli, MACN _ En 32533 (MACN); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, San José Province, Desamparados, 22 April 1967, leg. R. Chacón, G. T. Austin colln., MGCL Accession # 2004 - 5, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138303 (MGCL); 1 ♀, Costa Rica, San José, Santa Ana, 850 m. 12. vi. 1978, P. de Vries, Allyn Museum Acc. 1980 - 4, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138304 (MGCL); 1 ♂, Waterfall San Ramon, Costa Rica, elv. 2500 ft. May 20, 1978, K. Wolfe Coll. MGCL Access. # 2012 - 3, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138305 (MGCL); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Mismo, 680 m, 14 - May- 2004, Col. Petrona Ríos, 04 - SRNP- 32631 (sequenced), 10.988, - 85.42 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero Abajo, 1020 m, 31 - May- 2000, Col. Harry Ramírez, 00 - SRNP- 9579 (sequenced), 10.925, - 85.472 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero Derrumbe, 1220 m, 05 - Jun- 2000, Col. Harry Ramírez, 00 - SRNP- 9648 (sequenced), 10.929, - 85.464 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Guanacaste, Areas de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero Circular, 1185 m, 13 - May- 2006, Col. Manuel Pereira, 06 - SRNP- 35214 (sequenced), 10.927, - 85.467 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Río Francia, 410 m, 18 - May- 2007, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 07 - SRNP- 103854 (sequenced), 10.904, - 85.287 (NMNH); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Río Francia, 410 m, 18 - May- 2007, Col. J. D. Turner & N. Turner, 07 - SRNP- 103855 (sequenced), 10.904, - 85.287 (NMNH); 2 ♀♀, COSTA RICA., A. G. M. Gillott., B. M. 1929 - 315. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ca [r] rillo, Costa Rica, VI. VII. 03. (Underwood). (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Costa Rica, Underwood, Ex Coll. Herbert Druce., 1913., Joicey Bequest., Brit. Mus., 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Castnia diva But, Esperanza C. R., May (NHMUK); 2 ♂♂, Esperanza C. R., May (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Ca [r] rillo C. R., March (NHMUK).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Syntype, Castnia licus, Esperanza C. R., May (NHMUK); 1 ♂, B. C. A. Lep. Het. Castnia licus, Costa Rica, Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit. Mus. 1934 - 120. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Rio Estrella. Costa Rica 1916. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, 650 m., February 2015 (RW); 1 ♂, Guapiles, Limón, January 2016 (RW); 1 ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Est. Carrillo, 730 m, 20 mayo 85, Abelardo Chacón, INBIOCRI 001055981, MNCR-A 1055981 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Limón. A. C. L. A. C. Talamanca, Sixaola, San Miguel, Albergue Asacode, 30 - 100 m. Col. Isidro Chacón. 8 Abril 1997. 9.5750000, - 82.6666667 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. El Ceibo, Braulio Carrillo N. P., 400 - 600 m, Heredia, Apr 1990, C. Chaves, 527700 _ 256500, INBIOCRI 000210290, MNCR-A 210290 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Cuatro Esquinas. P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limón, 0 m, April 1989, R. Aguilar & J., 280000 _ 590500, INBIOCRI 000014446, MNCR-A 14446 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Est. Cuatro Esquinas, 0 m, P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limón, Mar 1993, R. Delgado, L _ N _ 280000 _ 590500, INBIOCRI 001369372, MNCR-A 1369372 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Est. El Pilón, Río Celeste, 967 m, 30 JUN 2001, G. Rodríguez, Red, L _ N _ 298212 _ 427913. # 62481, INB 0003317045, MNCR-A 3317045 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sector Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas, 30 Km N de Cariari, Prov. Limón, 100 m, May 1993, E. Rojas, L _ N _ 286000 _ 567500, # 2101, INBIOCRI 001696763, MNCR-A 1696763 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Fca. Pasmompa, Est. Pitilla, 400 m, 5 km SW Santa Cecilia, Guanacaste Prov., May 1989, GNP Biodiversity Survey, 330500 _ 380600, INBIOCRI 001056115, MNCR-A 1056115 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Cuatro Esquinas, P. N. Tortuguero, Prov. Limón, 0 m, April 1989, R. Agular & J. Solano, 80000 _ 590500, INBIOCRI 000014453, MNCR- A 14453 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Fca. Pasmompa, Estación Pitilla, 400 m, 5 km SW Santa Cecilia, Guanacaste Prov., May 1989, GNP Biodiversity Survey, 330500 _ 380600, INBIOCRI 001055968, MNCR-A 1055968 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón, Veragua Rainforest, Río Victoria, 200 - 300 m, 20 JUN 2009, R. Villalobos, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 212000 _ 625500. # 97513, INB 0004223002, MNCR-A 4223002 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón, Veragua Rainforest, Río Victoria, 200 - 300 m, 20 JUN 2009, R. Villalobos, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 212000 _ 625500. # 97513, INB 0004223000, MNCR- A 4223000 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Limón, Veragua Rainforest, Río Victoria, 200 - 300 m, 20 JUN 2009, R. Villalobos, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 212000 _ 625500. # 97513, INB 0004223001, MNCR-A 4223001 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Finca La Selva, 22 Abril 1983, Isidro A. Chacón G., INBIOCRI 001109498, MNCR- A 1109498 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Pococí, Guapiles, Río Blanquito, 10 n 06 38.3 - 83 48 56.6, 742 m, 1 Julio 2012, Isac Rodríguez, MNCR-E 55723, MNCR-A 5055723 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Pococí, Guapiles, Río Blanquito, 742 m, 100647.8 - 834854.2, Julio 2012, Isac Rodríguez, MNCR-E 55724, MNCR-A 5055724 (MNCR).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43260FFEAFF4B3EB0C363F9BE.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Holotype, Costa Rica, Heredia, Finca La Selva, I-IV- 1983, 55 m, leg. I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001056116, MNCR-A 1056116 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Allotype, Costa Rica, Heredia, Puerto Viejo, Sarapiquí, Finca la Selva, 35 m, 30 - IV- 1987, M. M. Chavarría Díaz, INBIOCRI 001056101, MNCR-A 1056101 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Paratype, Costa Rica, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 50 – 150 m, 10 ° 26 ’ N, 84 ° 01 ’ W, Coll. D. McKenna, 4 - II- 2002, INB 0003218720, MNCR-A 3218720 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 100 - 200 m, 9 Abril 2013, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359 # 108141, INB 0004388061, MNCR-A 4388061 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, Estac. Biol. La Selva, Heredia viii- 1 / 5 - 1994, J. Powell at lights (EMEC).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43260FFEAFF4B39B4C6A8FB72.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Syntype, Esperanza, May, Type No. 12166 U. S. N. M., Catalog Number USNMENT- 1244444 (NMNH); 1 ♂, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 4 de mayo 2001, Joaquín Sanchez, MNCR-E 55746, MNCR-A 5055746 (MNCR); 1 ♀, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 8 de mayo 2001, Ernesto Carman, MNCR-E 55745, MNCR- A 5055745 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, Cartago, Turrialba, 24 - v- 1972 H. L. King, Castnia delecta ♂, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138228 (MGCL).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♀, Corcovado, Osa Penins., C. R., January 8 / 6 / 13 (DC); 1 ♂, COSTA RICA, Limón Province, Guápiles, Pococi Buenos Aires., Santa Clara River, Altitude: 550 mtrs., Date: June 2012 (DC); 1 ♂, Guápiles, 850 ft, May, USNMENT 00475745 (NMNH); 2 ♂♂, San Vito, Puntarenas, March 2011 (RW); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, 650 m., March 2012 (RW); 1 ♂, Guápiles, Limón, July 2014, leg. J Flott (RW); 1 ♀, Volcán Miravalles, May 2011 (RW); 1 ♀, Guápiles, Limón, 600 m., May 2012 (RW); 1 ♀, Finca La Selva, Sarapiqui, Heredia Province, Costa Rica, Losland et forest, 100 m. 6 - xii- 1973, P. R. Ehrlich (AMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Jabalina, Manta Pizote, 288 m (light trap), 06 - May- 2008, Col. S. Ríos & H. Cambronero, 08 - SRNP- 101373 (sequenced), 10.973, - 85.315 (NMNH); 1 ♂, San José, P. N., Braulio Carrillo, Fila Carrillo, 700 m, 28 mayo 1984, A. M. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001055985, MNCR-A 1055985 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Estación Biológica Caño Paloma, 1 km Refugio Silvestre Barro del Colorado, Provincia de Limón, Collector Ross Ballard (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Fila Carrillo, 700 m, 8 Junio 1984, A. M. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001055984, MNCR- A 1055984 (MNCR); 1 ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Fila Carrillo, 700 m, 8 Junio 1984, A. M. Chacón, INBIOCRI 001056114, MNCR-A 1056114 (MNCR); 1 ♂, M. N. Guayabo, Turrialba, Prov. Cartago, 1100 m, 21 Jun 1994, J. F. Corrales, L _ N _ 570000 _ 217400 # 3028, INBIOCRI 001973414, MNCR-A 1973414 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Río Sardinas, R. N. F. S. Barra del Colorado, A. C. A. C. Tortuguero, Prov. Limón, 50 m, Jun 1994, F. Araya, LN 291900 _ 565900 # 2998, INBIOCRI 001848108, MNCR-A 1848108 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Heredia, Tirimbina, La Isla, 20 Dic 2011, Gato, INB 0004350504, MNCR-A 4350504 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, La Isla, 167 m, 8 MAY 2012, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266175 _ 522264. # 106067, INB 0004384952, MNCR-A 4384952 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167 m, 24 MAY 2011, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359 # 103100, INB 0004302457, MNCR-A 4302457 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 167 m, 17 ABR 2012, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359 # 108029, INB 0004386557, MNCR-A 4386557 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 100 - 200 m, 22 OCT 2013, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359 # 108399, INB 0004392136, MNCR-A 4392136 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167 m, 3 MAY 2011, I. Chacón, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359. # 102187, INB 0004284659, MNCR-A 4284659 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167 m, 28 MAY 2011, C. Miranda, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359. # 103102, INB 0004302459, MNCR-A 4302459 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Limón, Pococí, Guapiles, Río Blanquito, 742 m, 100647.8 - 834854.2, Julio 2012, Isac Rodríguez, MNCR-E 49109, MNCR-A 5049109 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Castnia inca W., Juan Viñas CR, June (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138317 (MGCL); 1 ♀, Costa Rica, Heredia, Finca La Selva, 23. x. 1979, ovipositing Bromeliaceae morning. Allyn Museum Acc. 1980 - 4, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138320 (MGCL); 1 ♀, Athis clitarcha [sic] ♀, San Vito, Costa Rica, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015547972 (RV); 1 ♂, Athis clitarcha [sic] ♂, San Vito, Costa Rica, C 151, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015548347 (RV); 1 ♂, Guapiles, Mai 2011, Indonesia [sic], Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015547970 (RV); 1 ♂, Costa Rica, Limón, near Guapiles, 500 m, VI. 2007, (rainforest) Local Collector Leg., in Coll. Vinciguerra R. to, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015547971 (RV).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43260FFEAFF4B3C74C3BBF8FA.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, 08 / feb / 2014 (RW); 1 ♂, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, 04 / may / 2014 (RW); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Corcavado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, May 2014 (RW); 1 ♀, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, January 2015 (RW); 1 ♂, Osa Peninsula East, Feb- 2016 (DC); 1 ♂, Osa Peninsula, 28 - April- 2021 (DC); 1 ♂, Castniidae, fecha 6 - 6 - 10, Corvado [sic], Rara Amarilla, C 105, Athis palatinus staudingeri (González det.), Costa Rica, Corcovado, Fecha 6.6.2010, ex. coll. Zoeller la col. Vinciguerra, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015547974 (RV); 1 ♀; Athis palatinus staudingeri (González det.), Costa Rica, V. 2009, ex col. Zoeller la col. Vinciguerra, Coto Brus, Costa Rica, C 106, BMNH (E) 2023 - 38, NHMUK 015547873 (RV).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43260FFEAFF4B3BD1C6E0FCEA.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Orosi, Pico Volcán Orosi, 1440 m, 09 / Jun / 2002, P. Ríos & C. Moraga, 10.95045, - 85.54173, 02 - SRNP- 12897 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Alajuela, Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Cerro Montezuma, Punto 2, bosque primario, larva collected 08 / XI / 2010, adult emerged 09 - Mar- 2011, Col. José Antonio Azofeifa (MNCR) [Mirocastnia smalli is a very scarce species, represented by only one female collected in northwest Costa Rica, deposited in the MNCR collections. An undetermined number of caterpillars of this species were found and reared in a Bromeliad host plant (undetermined species) from the Tenorio area by José Antonio (Toño) Azofeifa, who used to be one of the old INBio parataxonomists working on Lepidoptera and other groups of insects. Despite the fact that several of those specimens successfully eclosed were supposedly deposited by Antonio Azofeifa in the old INBio reared material collections (currently the MNCR reared material collections), it was not possible to find the adults, but images of one of them, as well as images of some immature stages were photographed by Antonio Azofeifa (Fig. 9), and thanks to that, it is possible to have aspects of the life cycle of this species documented].	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43263FFE9FF4B3F1CC43BF9BE.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Athis clitarcha, Sona [Zona?] Sur, Costa Rica (DC) [according to Dirk Casteleyn (pers. comm.), this specimen was collected in the surroundings of Uvita, Puntarenas]; 1 ♂, Castnia, Sona el Atto frontera Panamá Costa Rica (DC) [according to Dirk Casteleyn (pers. comm.), this specimen was collected in the surroundings of Uvita, Puntarenas]; 1 ♂, Castnia inca [sic], Monteverde, Costa Rica, 3 - 2012 (DC).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43263FFE8FF4B3CE0C472FD46.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♀, Osa Peninsula, Nov- 2014 (DC); 1 ♀, Puntarenas, P. Nal. Corcovado, Est. Sirena, 13 - V- 86, R Canet, INBIOCRI 001056100, MNCR-A 1056100 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Guanacaste, Parque N. Santa Rosa, Area administrativa, Julio 1992, 300 m, R. Mortaga M., INBIOCRI 001109511, MNCR-A 1109511 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Guanacaste, Parque N. Santa Rosa, Area administrativa, Julio 1992, 300 m, R. Mortaga M., INBIOCRI 001109514, MNCR-A 1109514 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Estación Santa Rosa, P. N. Santa Rosa, Prov. Guanacaste, 300 m, Jun 1993, W. Hallwachs, D. H. Janzen, L _ N _ 313000 _ 359800. # 2249, INBIOCRI 001935980, MNCR-A 1935980 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Estación Santa Rosa, Prov. Guanacaste, 300 m, Junio 1995, D. H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs, L _ N _ 313000 _ 359800, INBIOCRI 002427675, MNCR-A 2427675 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste Province, D. H. Janzen, 24 June 1980, INBIOCRI 002607802, MNCR-A 2607802 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste Prov., 1 - 15 Jun 1982, 300 m, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBIOCRI 002607803, MNCR-A 2607803 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Sirena, Corcovado Nat. Pk. Osa Peninsula, 13 - 22 Mar 1980, D. H. Janzen & W Hallwachs, INBIOCRI 002607804, MNCR- A 2607804 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste Prov., July 1982, 300 m, D. H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBIOCRI 002607805, MNCR-A 2607805 (MNCR); 1 ♀, San José, Ciudad Colón, Z. P. El Rodeo, 800 m, 2 Agosto 1996, Col. G. Vega, MNCR-E 55725 (MNCR 18845), MNCR-A 5055725 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295 m, 10 - Jun- 1997, Col. DH Janzen, 97 - SRNP- 2423 (sequenced), 10.838, - 85.619 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295 m, 16 - Aug- 2001, Col. DH Janzen, 01 - SRNP- 16558 (sequenced), 10.838, - 85.619 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295 m, 19 - Jun- 1993, Col. Gusaneros, 93 - SRNP- 2458 (sequenced), 10.838, - 85.619 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Area Administrativa, 295 m, 22 - Jun- 1993, Col. Gusaneros, 93 - SRNP- 2665 (sequenced), 10.838, - 85.619 (NMNH); 1 ♀, Turrialba. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, COSTA RICA, Osa Peninsula, Corcovado, Sirena, 11 Feb 1981, J. Mallet, Mallet Coll., BMNH (E) 2011 - 63 aq. (NHMUK); 1 ♀, Costa Rica, Osa Peninsula, Morona [sic], 24. i. 1977 P de Vries, Slide No. M- 6400 legs, etc. Jacqueline Y. Miller, Allyn Museum Acc. 1977 - 21 (MGCL) [according to Philip DeVries (pers. comm.) the locality shown on the labels is incorrect since the specimen was collected in Llorona].	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
2F6D87D43262FFE8FF4B395CC24CFA52.taxon	materials_examined	1 ♂, Holotype, ♂, Gazera carilla Type Schs .. Carillo C. R., May, Type No. 17167 U. S. N. M., USNMENT 01244438 (NMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 350 m., 23 / Apr- 13 / May / 2018 (RW); 1 ♀, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 350 m., 1 - 13 / May / 2019 (RW); 1 ♀, Corcavado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, July 2014 (RW); 2 ♀♀, Braulio Carillo NP, Guapiles side, Limón, 700 m., 28 / abr / 2014 (RW); 1 ♀, Sarapiqui, Heredia, 350 m., 10 / May / 2018 (DC); 1 ♂, Atlantic side, Bribri near Panama border, 6 - 2016 (DC); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Volcán Rincón de La Vieja, Mai- 2011 (DC); 1 ♂, Estac. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S. Santa Cecilia, Guanac., Prov., Mar 1989, GNP Biodiversity Survey, W 85 25 40, N 10 59 26, INBIOCRI 001056099, MNCR-A 1056099 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Estac. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, Guanacaste, Mar 1990, P. Ríos & R. Blanco, 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI 00091782, MNCR-A 191782 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Limón, Pococí, Guapiles, Río Blanquito, 742 m, 100647.8 - 834854.2, Julio 2012, Isac Rodríguez, MNCR-E 55727, MNCR- A 5055727 (MNCR); 1 ♂, Prov. Alajuela, Upala, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Alb. Heliconias, S. Heliconias, 700 m, 20 - 28 ABR 2001, G. Rodríguez, T de Luz, L _ N _ 422600 _ 299100. # 62069, INB 0003177053, MNCR-A 3177053 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167 m, 27 MAR 2009, I. Chacón, A. Barrientos, Colecta Libre, L _ N _ 266268 _ 523359. # 96191, INB 0004209318, MNCR-A 4209318 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Estación Pitilla, 9 Km S de Santa Cecilia, Prov. Guana., 700 m, 3 - 24 ABR 1995, E. Alfaro, L _ N _ 329950 _ 380450. # 5923, INBIOCRI 002338862, MNCR-A 2338862 (MNCR); 1 ♀, Heredia, Horquetas, Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600 m, 11 abril 1992, I. A. Chacón, MNCR-E 55726 (MNCR 18844), MNCR-A 5055726 (MNCR); 1 ♀, COSTA RICA., A. G. M. Gillott., B. M. 1929 - 315. (NHMUK); 1 ♀, Turrialba CR, April. 1930 (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Gazera carilla Schaus, Carrillo CR, March (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Gazera carilla Schaus, Costa Rica., Carillo, 2. V, W. Schaus., 1911 - 32. (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Carillo, Costa Rica, carilla Schs, genitalia vial no. M- 3639 Jacqueline Miller (MGCL).	en	García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie (2024): Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5481 (2): 151-202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1
