identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2F0B8790FF9DFFD22C0DC91C7BC4AC48.text	2F0B8790FF9DFFD22C0DC91C7BC4AC48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	var. lyroglossa	<div><p>var. lyroglossa</p> <p>Calanthe foerstermannii Rchb. f., Gardeners’ Chronicle, n.s., 1883: 814 (1883); Hooker, Flora of British India 5: 854 (1890); Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part III: 335 (1961); Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part IV, 2: 793 (1965). — Alismorkis foerstermannii (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 650 (1891). — Type: Eastern Myanmar, Förstermann s.n. (?holo-, W).</p> <p>Calanthe nephroidea Gagnep., Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, sér. 2, 22: 625 (1950). — Type: Vietnam, Pnom Sapoum, Ht. Donnai, in forest, 1000- 1200 m, 23.II.1933, Poilane 22125 (holo-, P!).</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — North-Eastern, Loei, Phu Krading, 7-9.XI.1970, Charoenphol et al. 4722 (AAU); 18.VII.1953, Dee 659 (BKF); Larsen et al. 4722 (C spirit); 2-3.XI.1984, Murata et al.T 42893 (C spirit, L); XII.1958, Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand 3145 (C spirit); 3709A (C spirit); 16.XI.1979, Shimizu et al. 23152 (BKF, C spirit). — North-Eastern, Loei, Phu Luang, 15.XI.1968, Chermisirivatthana 1060 (BK). — Eastern, Chaiyaphum, Tunkameng, 17.XI.1971, v. Beusekom et al. 4392 (BKF, C, K, L). — Eastern, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai, 7.I.1963, Phengklai 706 (BKF, SING). — Eastern, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Lem, 28.XII.1930, Put 3565 (C, K). — Central, Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, 5.II.2001, Maxwell 01-37 (BKF, CMU [Sc], CMU [Sc] spirit). — Peninsular, Ranong, Khao Pawta Leong Kaeo, 29.XI.1973, Santisuk 739 (BKF, C spirit); 9.XII.1979, Shimizu et al. 26690 (BKF). — Peninsular, Phangnga, Khao Pawta Leong Kaeo, 27.II.1974, Geesink et al. 7665 (AAU, B, BKF, C, K, L). — Peninsular, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, 25.I.1966, Hansen &amp; Smitinand 12068 (BKF, C, SING); Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand 6277 (C spirit); VIII.[year not given], Smitinand 1300 (BKF); 17.V.1968, v. Beusekom &amp; Phengklai 828a (BKF, L). — Peninsular, Pattani, Kao Kalakuri, 10.IX.1923, Kerr 0110 (BK, C, K, L). — Without locality, BCU Herb. Tr. 1039 (BCU spirit); Nanakorn et al. 16347 (QBG spirit).</p> <p>ILLUSTRATIONS. — Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part III: fig.256a-f (1961) [as Calanthe foerstermannii Rchb. f.]; Seidenfaden, Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 29: fig. 8a-f, pl. III on page 27 (1975); Seidenfaden &amp; Wood, The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore: fig. 74g-k, pl. 10b (1992).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Terrestrial herbs, evergreen, glabrous, 43-58 cm tall. Basal sheaths 1-2, linear, to 11(-18.5) × 1 cm, often largely decayed at the flowering time and consisting only of dry veins; once observed with a narrowly lanceolate blade c. 11.5 × 1 cm. Pseudobulbs inconspicuous and largely enclosed by the leaf sheaths, 2-3 cm long, close together, several-noded. Leaves 3-6(-7), perennial, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, 35-89(-101) × (3.6-) 6-8 cm; with grooved petioles 9-28(-40) cm long. Inflorescences erect, arising from the base of the leafy shoot; peduncles 24-46 cm long; sterile bracts 2-4(-6), scattered along the flowering stem and a few clustered at its base, erect, lanceolate-oblong, acute or subacute, sometimes mucronate, 3-7.5 cm long, sheathing; raceme semi-dense or dense, many-flowered; rachis (5-) 8-19 cm long; floral bracts caducous, ovatelanceolate, acute to acuminate, 21-35 × 3.5-8 mm. Flowers to 10 mm across, yellow, rarely whitish yellow, lip and spur once reported as soon turning black (?drying out), gynostemium pale yellow; flowers reported as odourless. Ovary (6-) 8-14 mm long, with a very pronounced distinction from the 3.5-6 mm long pedicel. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sometimes shortly caudate, 3- or 5-veined; median sepal 6-9(-10) × 2-5 mm; lateral sepals 7.8-9(-10) × 2.7-7 mm. Petals ovateelliptic, acute or acuminate, 3-veined, 6.5-9(-9.5) × 2.8-5.5 mm. Lip weakly 3-lobed, 7-10 mm long and to 8.3 mm wide, base completely united with the gynostemium, spurred; midlobe reniform or transversally oblong, apex emarginate, 3-4.5(-5) × 5.5-7(-8.3) mm; side lobes small, auriculate, mostly under 0.5 mm long; lip with two small keels near the base; spur cylindric and apically clavate, more or less parallel to the pedicel, 4-6(-7) mm long, sometimes apically slightly bifid. Gynostemium 3-5 mm long, stout; rostellum beaked, stigma cavity rather wide. Fruits ellipsoid, c. 10 × 5 mm.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND PHENOLOGY</p> <p>In Thailand found in the North-Eastern, Eastern, Central and Peninsular regions. Elsewhere widespread from India to W Malesia and S China. Found in evergreen forest, also in secondary vegetation, from 725 to 1300 m. Sandstone has been reported as bedrock. Flowering: July-September and November-February.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>This species is easily distinguished from all other Thai species of Calanthe sect. Styloglossum because of its small yellow flowers and the minute auriculate lip side lobes.</p> <p>Only the typical variety is known in our region, var. longibracteata P.O’Byrne occurring in Java. It differs from the typical variety by its very long and persistent floral bracts.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F0B8790FF9DFFD22C0DC91C7BC4AC48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kurzweil, Hubert	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFACFFE52E79CF787C32AD19.text	2F0B8790FFACFFE52E79CF787C32AD19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phaius Lour.	<div><p>Genus Phaius Lour.</p> <p>Flora Cochinchinensis: 529 (1790); Hooker, Flora of British India 5: 816-818 (1890) [as Phajus]; Seidenfaden, Opera Botanica 89: 41-49 (1986); Pridgeon et al., Genera Orchidacearum 4: 149-151 (2005). — Type species: Phaius grandifolius Lour.</p> <p>(For generic synonyms see Pridgeon et al. 2005)</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Terrestrial or very rarely epiphytic herbs, in the Flora of Thailand area glabrous except for the</p> <p>lip and the gynostemium, 40-200 cm tall; stems either short and pseudobulbous or elongate-fusiform and cane-like, several-noded. Basal sheaths few, mostly already partly or entirely decayed and absent at the flowering time. Pseudobulbs (if present) inconspicuous and largely hidden by the petioles of the leaves, close together and the rhizome between the shoots short. Leaves one to few, perennial, plicate, lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, with grooved petioles which sometimes form a pseudostem. Inflorescences unbranched, arising from the base of the leafy shoot or one third to half-way up the stem; peduncles usually with one to few tubular and sheathing sterile bracts; flower-bearing part racemose, erect, mostly few-flowered, floral bracts persistent or caducous. Flowers mostly large and showy, resupinate, often yellow, pink or white, turning blackish-blue when damaged or with age. Ovary not distinct from the pedicel. Sepals and petals similar, free, spreading or campanulate. Lip clearly or obscurely 3-lobed, base free from the gynostemium or united with it only in the lower third, with short or elongate spur, disc often with a callus in the form of keels, side lobes usually more or less erect and enclosing the gynostemium. Gynostemium long, lacking a column-foot, mostly hairy especially on the front side; anther incumbent, operculate, with 8 waxy, clavate pollinia; rostellum entire; stigma in a cavity below the rostellum.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION</p> <p>A genus of c. 40 species distributed mainly in Asia, the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines, with a few species also found in tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, N Australia and the south-west Pacific Ocean Islands; five species in Thailand.</p> <p>ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE THAI SPECIES OF THE GENUS PHAIUS LOUR.</p> <p>1. Plants with basal pseudobulbs; inflorescence arising from the base of the leafy shoot or very rarely from the upper part of a cylindric pseudobulb well above the ground (up to 18 cm)....................................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>— Plants with cane-like stems; inflorescence arising one third to half-way up the stem... 4</p> <p>2. Lip midlobe hardly protruding; flowers spreading, mostly yellow to greenish, lip with orange or brown markings.......................................................... 1. Phaius flavus, p. 93</p> <p>— Lip midlobe clearly protruding; flowers spreading, subnutant or nutant..................... 3</p> <p>3. Sepals and petals 40-58(-63) mm long, with brown-red inner surfaces and white outer surface; lip purple with dark venation and pale pink or white rim; spur 5-8(-9) mm long......................................................................................... 2. Phaius tankervilleae, p. 94</p> <p>— Sepals and petals up to 68 mm long, greenish yellow on both sides, lip white with yellow and purple markings in the throat; spur 11-15 mm long........ 3. Phaius wallichii, p. 97</p> <p>4. Spur short, to 6 mm long; sepals and petals brownish-yellow or white on the outside, brownish-purple with yellow edges on the inside, lip white or golden yellow with reddish brown markings, apical part nearly pure yellow............... 4. Phaius indochinensis, p. 98</p> <p>— Spur 10-18 mm long; sepals and petals pink to light purple or brownish-red......................................................................................................... 5. Phaius mishmensis, p. 100</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F0B8790FFACFFE52E79CF787C32AD19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kurzweil, Hubert	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFA3FFEC2D82C93C7ADCAE37.text	2F0B8790FFA3FFEC2D82C93C7ADCAE37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalantheropsis Guillaumin	<div><p>Genus Cephalantheropsis Guillaumin</p> <p>Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, sér. 2, 32: 188 (1960); Seidenfaden, Opera Botanica 89: 38-40 (1986); Ormerod, Orchid Digest 62: 155- 159 (1998); Pridgeon et al., Genera Orchidacearum 4: 127-129 (2005). — Type species: Cephalantheropsis lateriscapa Guillaumin.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Terrestrial or epilithic herbs, evergreen, hirsute or subglabrous; stems cane-like and elongate-fusiform, close together, several-noded. Basal sheaths few, mostly already partly or entirely decayed and absent at the flowering time. Leaves few, spreading, plicate, perennial, lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, inserted in the upper part of the stem, with the petioles forming a pseudostem. Inflorescences unbranched, arising one third to half-way up the stem; sterile bracts few, tubular and sheathing; flower-bearing part racemose, unbranched, fewto many-flowered, erect; floral bracts caducous. Flowers small or medium-sized, resupinate, yellow in the Thai species, turning blackish-blue when damaged or with age. Ovary not distinct from the pedicel. Sepals and petals similar, free, spreading. Lip 3-lobed, largely free from the gynostemium and united with it only at the very base, spurless, side lobes usually erect and partly enclosing the gynostemium. Gynostemium erect or suberect, hairy; anther incumbent, operculate, with 8 waxy, clavate pollinia; stigma in a cavity below the rostellum.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION</p> <p>A small genus of five species distributed in Asia from NE India through the whole of SE Asia eastwards</p> <p>as far as the N Moluccas and northwards as far as Taiwan and S Japan; a single species in Thailand.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F0B8790FFA3FFEC2D82C93C7ADCAE37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kurzweil, Hubert	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFA2FFEE2F16CA3E7970A922.text	2F0B8790FFA2FFEE2F16CA3E7970A922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalantheropsis obcordata (Lindl.) Ormerod	<div><p>Cephalantheropsis obcordata (Lindl.) Ormerod</p> <p>(Fig. 11)</p> <p>Orchid Digest 62: 157 (1998); Chen et al., Flora of China,</p> <p>vol. 25: 289 (2009). — Bletia obcordata Lindl., Genera</p> <p>and Species of Orchidaceous Plants: 123 (1831). — Type:</p> <p>North-eastern India, Sylhet, Wallich s.n. (not found).</p> <p>Calanthe gracilis Lindl., Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants: 251 (1833); Hooker, Flora of British India 5: 855 (1890). — Limatodis gracilis (Lindl.) Lindl., Folia Orchidacea 6: 11 (1855). — Alismorkis gracilis (Lindl.) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 650 (1891). — Paracalanthe gracilis (Lindl.) Kudô, Journal of the Society of Tropical Agriculture 2: 236 (1930). — Cephalantheropsis gracilis (Lindl.) S.Y.Hu, Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 25: 213 (1972); Seidenfaden, Nordic Journal of Botany 2: 216 (1982); Seidenfaden, Opera Botanica 89: 38 (1986); Seidenfaden, Opera Botanica 114: 102 (1992); Seidenfaden &amp; Wood, The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore: 180 (1992). — Gastrorchis gracilis (Lindl.) Aver., Preliminary List of Vietnamese Orchids: 203 (1988). — Type:North-eastern India, Sylhet, Wallich s.n., Wallich’s Catalogue 7341 (holo-, K-LINDL!; iso-, K-WALL!).</p> <p>Calanthe tubifera Hook. f., Flora of British India 5: 855 (1890). — Alismorkis tubifera (Hook.f.) Kuntze, Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 650 (1891). — Type: Upper Myanmar, Ava, Griffith 5279 (holo-, K!).</p> <p>Calanthe bursicola Gagnep., Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, sér. 2, 22: 509 (1950). — Type: Vietnam, Upper Donnai, Sapoum, 23.II.1933, Poilane 22124 (holo-, P!).</p> <p>Phaius longipes auct. non (Hook.f.) Holttum: Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part III: 329 (1961); Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part IV, 2: 792 (1965).</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — North-Eastern,</p> <p>Loei, Phu Krading, 7-9.XI.1970, Charoenphol et al. 4710</p> <p>(BKF, K, P, SING); X.1951, Dee 461 (BKF); 7.IX.1911,</p> <p>Larsen et al. 470 (C spirit); 1.XI.1984, Murata et al. T</p> <p>42512 (L); 1.XI.1984, T 42689 (BKF, L); 16.XI.1979,</p> <p>Shimizu et al. 23147 (BKF, C spirit); XII.1958, Sø-</p> <p>rensen et al. 6197 (BKF, C); 28.XI.1965, Tagawa et</p> <p>al. T 549 (BKF, C spirit); 16.XII.19634, Umpai 148</p> <p>(BK); 24.XII.1971, v. Beusekom et al. 4560 (BKF, C,</p> <p>C spirit, K, L, P). — North-Eastern, Loei, Phu Luang,</p> <p>15.XI.1968, Chermisirivatthana 1107 (BK); 5.XII.1965, Tagawa et al. T 1563 (BKF, C spirit). — South-Western, Kanchanaburi, Khao Ri Yai, 1.II.1926, Kerr 0269 (B, BK, C, C spirit, K, L, P). — Central, Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, 8.III.1964, Hansen et al. 11383 (BKF, C, K); Kitichate 180 (BCU spirit); 17.II.1983, Niyomdham 532 (BKF); 8.III.1964, Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand 5832 (C spirit). — Central, Nakhon Nayok, 18.II.1983, Menzies &amp; DuPuy 35 (K spirit). — South-Eastern, Prachin Buri, Khao Yai, 16.II.1966, Hennipman 3945a (L). — South-Eastern, Prachin Buri, Thaithong 983 (BCU spirit). — Peninsular, Ranong, Khao Pawta Luang, 1.II.1929, Kerr 0702 (BK, C, C spirit, K). — Peninsular, Trang, Khao Sung, Kerr 0573 (K). — Unspecified, Khao Yai, Cumberlege 739 (BKF spirit); III. 1964, 1071 (BKF spirit, K spirit). — Without locality, Chueachan s.n. (QBG spirit 17587).</p> <p>ILLUSTRATIONS. — Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part III: fig. 251a-c (1961) [as Phaius longipes (Hook.f.) Holttum]; Seidenfaden, Opera Botanica 89: fig. 17a-i, pl. IIIb (1986) [as Cephalantheropsis gracilis (Lindl.) S.Y.Hu]; Seidenfaden &amp; Wood, The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore: fig.77a-i (1992) [as C. gracilis (Lindl.) S.Y.Hu]; Ormerod, Orchid Digest 62: figs. 1d, e, 2g-i (1998).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Terrestrial or epilithic herbs, evergreen, 50-90 cm tall; stems cane-like, narrowly fusiform-cylindric, 37-55 × 0.5-1 cm, several-noded. Basal sheaths erect, tubular, 4-10.1 cm long, the upper sometimes with a foliose blade up to 5 × 2 cm, thereby grading into the leaves. Leaves 3-9, arising from the stem all along its length or only in the upper half, ellipticlanceolate, acuminate, (17-)22-37(-62) × (2.8-) 3- 5.7 cm, glabrous; with petioles 3-11(-20) cm long; sheathing leaf bases forming a pseudostem 2-5 cm long. Inflorescences 1-2, 30- 66 cm long, arising in an axillary position on the sides of the leafy shoot in its lower half, hirsute (sometimes very sparsely so at the base); peduncles (15-) 25-45 cm long; sterile bracts (3-)4-8, scattered along the flowering stem and a few clustered at its base, erect, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, sheathing, (0.6-) 2.1-4.6 cm long, subglabrous or sparsely hairy; sometimes already fallen off at the flowering time and only the leaf scars visible; raceme lax or semi-dense, 15- to many-flowered; rachis (5-) 10-20 cm long, with hirsute hairs that sometimes have a pink tinge; floral bracts caducous, narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, glabrous. Flowers 20-30 mm across, yellow or orange-yellow, also recorded as sepals and petals brownish-yellow and lip white with brown patch on the disk. Ovary indistinguishable from the pedicel, (15-) 18-26 mm long, densely hairy. Sepals similar, linear to oblongelliptic, acute, 3-veined, 10-19 × 2-6.8 mm, hairy on the outside especially in their upper part, inside glabrous or with scattered hairs. Petals obovatelanceolate, acute, 3-veined, 10-18 × 2-4.5 mm, hairy or subglabrous. Lip 3-lobed, 8-15(-18) × 5-10(-14) mm, united with the gynostemium only at the very base, spurless, base pubescent, two lateral areas with short and rather stout hairs near the upper end of the side lobes, otherwise glabrous; midlobe flabellate, bilobulate, 3.5-8 × 5-10 mm, decurved, margin crispate; side lobes erect, falcate, tips pointing forwards, 1.7-5 × 1-3 mm; disk with two longitudinal ridges over most of its length or only in its basal half. Gynostemium 3-6 mm long, densely hairy. Fruits not seen.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION AND PHENOLOGY</p> <p>In Thailand found in all regions except the North and East. Generally widespread from NE India to S China and Japan, and in Malesia as far eastwards as the Moluccas. Found in dry evergreen forest from about 1100 to 1400 m. Once reported over sandstone. Flowering from September to December and from February to March.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Easily recognized by the many-flowered inflorescences which arise in lateral position on the canelike stems and the small or medium-sized spurless yellow flowers.</p> <p>Cephalantheropsis obcordata was previously widely known as Calanthe gracilis and, after its transfer to the genus Cephalantheropsis, as Cephalantheropsis gracilis. As the species was later shown to be conspecific with Bletia obcordata Lindl., its name had to change to Cephalantheropsis obcordata, which is the older epithet.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F0B8790FFA2FFEE2F16CA3E7970A922	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kurzweil, Hubert	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
