taxonID	type	description	language	source
2F0B8790FF9DFFD22C0DC91C7BC4AC48.taxon	description	ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — North-Eastern, Loei, Phu Krading, 7 - 9. XI. 1970, Charoenphol et al. 4722 (AAU); 18. VII. 1953, Dee 659 (BKF); Larsen et al. 4722 (C spirit); 2 - 3. XI. 1984, Murata et al. T 42893 (C spirit, L); XII. 1958, Seidenfaden & Smitinand 3145 (C spirit); 3709 A (C spirit); 16. XI. 1979, Shimizu et al. 23152 (BKF, C spirit). — North-Eastern, Loei, Phu Luang, 15. XI. 1968, Chermisirivatthana 1060 (BK). — Eastern, Chaiyaphum, Tunkameng, 17. XI. 1971, v. Beusekom et al. 4392 (BKF, C, K, L). — Eastern, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Yai, 7. I. 1963, Phengklai 706 (BKF, SING). — Eastern, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khao Lem, 28. XII. 1930, Put 3565 (C, K). — Central, Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, 5. II. 2001, Maxwell 01 - 37 (BKF, CMU [Sc], CMU [Sc] spirit). — Peninsular, Ranong, Khao Pawta Leong Kaeo, 29. XI. 1973, Santisuk 739 (BKF, C spirit); 9. XII. 1979, Shimizu et al. 26690 (BKF). — Peninsular, Phangnga, Khao Pawta Leong Kaeo, 27. II. 1974, Geesink et al. 7665 (AAU, B, BKF, C, K, L). — Peninsular, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Luang, 25. I. 1966, Hansen & Smitinand 12068 (BKF, C, SING); Seidenfaden & Smitinand 6277 (C spirit); VIII. [year not given], Smitinand 1300 (BKF); 17. V. 1968, v. Beusekom & Phengklai 828 a (BKF, L). — Peninsular, Pattani, Kao Kalakuri, 10. IX. 1923, Kerr 0110 (BK, C, K, L). — Without locality, BCU Herb. Tr. 1039 (BCU spirit); Nanakorn et al. 16347 (QBG spirit). ILLUSTRATIONS. — Seidenfaden & Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part III: fig. 256 a-f (1961) [as Calanthe foerstermannii Rchb. f.]; Seidenfaden, Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 29: fig. 8 a-f, pl. III on page 27 (1975); Seidenfaden & Wood, The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore: fig. 74 g-k, pl. 10 b (1992). DESCRIPTION Terrestrial herbs, evergreen, glabrous, 43 - 58 cm tall. Basal sheaths 1 - 2, linear, to 11 (- 18.5) × 1 cm, often largely decayed at the flowering time and consisting only of dry veins; once observed with a narrowly lanceolate blade c. 11.5 × 1 cm. Pseudobulbs inconspicuous and largely enclosed by the leaf sheaths, 2 - 3 cm long, close together, several-noded. Leaves 3 - 6 (- 7), perennial, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, 35 - 89 (- 101) × (3.6 -) 6 - 8 cm; with grooved petioles 9 - 28 (- 40) cm long. Inflorescences erect, arising from the base of the leafy shoot; peduncles 24 - 46 cm long; sterile bracts 2 - 4 (- 6), scattered along the flowering stem and a few clustered at its base, erect, lanceolate-oblong, acute or subacute, sometimes mucronate, 3 - 7.5 cm long, sheathing; raceme semi-dense or dense, many-flowered; rachis (5 -) 8 - 19 cm long; floral bracts caducous, ovatelanceolate, acute to acuminate, 21 - 35 × 3.5 - 8 mm. Flowers to 10 mm across, yellow, rarely whitish yellow, lip and spur once reported as soon turning black (? drying out), gynostemium pale yellow; flowers reported as odourless. Ovary (6 -) 8 - 14 mm long, with a very pronounced distinction from the 3.5 - 6 mm long pedicel. Sepals elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sometimes shortly caudate, 3 - or 5 - veined; median sepal 6 - 9 (- 10) × 2 - 5 mm; lateral sepals 7.8 - 9 (- 10) × 2.7 - 7 mm. Petals ovateelliptic, acute or acuminate, 3 - veined, 6.5 - 9 (- 9.5) × 2.8 - 5.5 mm. Lip weakly 3 - lobed, 7 - 10 mm long and to 8.3 mm wide, base completely united with the gynostemium, spurred; midlobe reniform or transversally oblong, apex emarginate, 3 - 4.5 (- 5) × 5.5 - 7 (- 8.3) mm; side lobes small, auriculate, mostly under 0.5 mm long; lip with two small keels near the base; spur cylindric and apically clavate, more or less parallel to the pedicel, 4 - 6 (- 7) mm long, sometimes apically slightly bifid. Gynostemium 3 - 5 mm long, stout; rostellum beaked, stigma cavity rather wide. Fruits ellipsoid, c. 10 × 5 mm.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FF9DFFD22C0DC91C7BC4AC48.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND PHENOLOGY In Thailand found in the North-Eastern, Eastern, Central and Peninsular regions. Elsewhere widespread from India to W Malesia and S China. Found in evergreen forest, also in secondary vegetation, from 725 to 1300 m. Sandstone has been reported as bedrock. Flowering: July-September and November-February.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FF9DFFD22C0DC91C7BC4AC48.taxon	discussion	REMARKS This species is easily distinguished from all other Thai species of Calanthe sect. Styloglossum because of its small yellow flowers and the minute auriculate lip side lobes. Only the typical variety is known in our region, var. longibracteata P. O’Byrne occurring in Java. It differs from the typical variety by its very long and persistent floral bracts.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFACFFE52E79CF787C32AD19.taxon	description	(For generic synonyms see Pridgeon et al. 2005) DESCRIPTION Terrestrial or very rarely epiphytic herbs, in the Flora of Thailand area glabrous except for the lip and the gynostemium, 40 - 200 cm tall; stems either short and pseudobulbous or elongate-fusiform and cane-like, several-noded. Basal sheaths few, mostly already partly or entirely decayed and absent at the flowering time. Pseudobulbs (if present) inconspicuous and largely hidden by the petioles of the leaves, close together and the rhizome between the shoots short. Leaves one to few, perennial, plicate, lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, with grooved petioles which sometimes form a pseudostem. Inflorescences unbranched, arising from the base of the leafy shoot or one third to half-way up the stem; peduncles usually with one to few tubular and sheathing sterile bracts; flower-bearing part racemose, erect, mostly few-flowered, floral bracts persistent or caducous. Flowers mostly large and showy, resupinate, often yellow, pink or white, turning blackish-blue when damaged or with age. Ovary not distinct from the pedicel. Sepals and petals similar, free, spreading or campanulate. Lip clearly or obscurely 3 - lobed, base free from the gynostemium or united with it only in the lower third, with short or elongate spur, disc often with a callus in the form of keels, side lobes usually more or less erect and enclosing the gynostemium. Gynostemium long, lacking a column-foot, mostly hairy especially on the front side; anther incumbent, operculate, with 8 waxy, clavate pollinia; rostellum entire; stigma in a cavity below the rostellum.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFACFFE52E79CF787C32AD19.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION A genus of c. 40 species distributed mainly in Asia, the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines, with a few species also found in tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, N Australia and the south-west Pacific Ocean Islands; five species in Thailand. ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE THAI SPECIES OF THE GENUS PHAIUS LOUR.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFA3FFEC2D82C93C7ADCAE37.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Terrestrial or epilithic herbs, evergreen, hirsute or subglabrous; stems cane-like and elongate-fusiform, close together, several-noded. Basal sheaths few, mostly already partly or entirely decayed and absent at the flowering time. Leaves few, spreading, plicate, perennial, lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, inserted in the upper part of the stem, with the petioles forming a pseudostem. Inflorescences unbranched, arising one third to half-way up the stem; sterile bracts few, tubular and sheathing; flower-bearing part racemose, unbranched, fewto many-flowered, erect; floral bracts caducous. Flowers small or medium-sized, resupinate, yellow in the Thai species, turning blackish-blue when damaged or with age. Ovary not distinct from the pedicel. Sepals and petals similar, free, spreading. Lip 3 - lobed, largely free from the gynostemium and united with it only at the very base, spurless, side lobes usually erect and partly enclosing the gynostemium. Gynostemium erect or suberect, hairy; anther incumbent, operculate, with 8 waxy, clavate pollinia; stigma in a cavity below the rostellum.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFA3FFEC2D82C93C7ADCAE37.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION A small genus of five species distributed in Asia from NE India through the whole of SE Asia eastwards as far as the N Moluccas and northwards as far as Taiwan and S Japan; a single species in Thailand.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFA2FFEE2F16CA3E7970A922.taxon	description	(Fig. 11) Orchid Digest 62: 157 (1998); Chen et al., Flora of China, vol. 25: 289 (2009). — Bletia obcordata Lindl., Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants: 123 (1831). — Type: North-eastern India, Sylhet, Wallich s. n. (not found).	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFA2FFEE2F16CA3E7970A922.taxon	description	Loei, Phu Krading, 7 - 9. XI. 1970, Charoenphol et al. 4710 (BKF, K, P, SING); X. 1951, Dee 461 (BKF); 7. IX. 1911, Larsen et al. 470 (C spirit); 1. XI. 1984, Murata et al. T 42512 (L); 1. XI. 1984, T 42689 (BKF, L); 16. XI. 1979, Shimizu et al. 23147 (BKF, C spirit); XII. 1958, Sø- rensen et al. 6197 (BKF, C); 28. XI. 1965, Tagawa et al. T 549 (BKF, C spirit); 16. XII. 19634, Umpai 148 (BK); 24. XII. 1971, v. Beusekom et al. 4560 (BKF, C, C spirit, K, L, P). — North-Eastern, Loei, Phu Luang, 15. XI. 1968, Chermisirivatthana 1107 (BK); 5. XII. 1965, Tagawa et al. T 1563 (BKF, C spirit). — South-Western, Kanchanaburi, Khao Ri Yai, 1. II. 1926, Kerr 0269 (B, BK, C, C spirit, K, L, P). — Central, Nakhon Nayok, Khao Yai, 8. III. 1964, Hansen et al. 11383 (BKF, C, K); Kitichate 180 (BCU spirit); 17. II. 1983, Niyomdham 532 (BKF); 8. III. 1964, Seidenfaden & Smitinand 5832 (C spirit). — Central, Nakhon Nayok, 18. II. 1983, Menzies & DuPuy 35 (K spirit). — South-Eastern, Prachin Buri, Khao Yai, 16. II. 1966, Hennipman 3945 a (L). — South-Eastern, Prachin Buri, Thaithong 983 (BCU spirit). — Peninsular, Ranong, Khao Pawta Luang, 1. II. 1929, Kerr 0702 (BK, C, C spirit, K). — Peninsular, Trang, Khao Sung, Kerr 0573 (K). — Unspecified, Khao Yai, Cumberlege 739 (BKF spirit); III. 1964, 1071 (BKF spirit, K spirit). — Without locality, Chueachan s. n. (QBG spirit 17587). ILLUSTRATIONS. — Seidenfaden & Smitinand, The Orchids of Thailand – A Preliminary List, part III: fig. 251 a-c (1961) [as Phaius longipes (Hook. f.) Holttum]; Seidenfaden, Opera Botanica 89: fig. 17 a-i, pl. IIIb (1986) [as Cephalantheropsis gracilis (Lindl.) S. Y. Hu]; Seidenfaden & Wood, The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore: fig. 77 a-i (1992) [as C. gracilis (Lindl.) S. Y. Hu]; Ormerod, Orchid Digest 62: figs. 1 d, e, 2 g-i (1998). DESCRIPTION Terrestrial or epilithic herbs, evergreen, 50 - 90 cm tall; stems cane-like, narrowly fusiform-cylindric, 37 - 55 × 0.5 - 1 cm, several-noded. Basal sheaths erect, tubular, 4 - 10.1 cm long, the upper sometimes with a foliose blade up to 5 × 2 cm, thereby grading into the leaves. Leaves 3 - 9, arising from the stem all along its length or only in the upper half, ellipticlanceolate, acuminate, (17 -) 22 - 37 (- 62) × (2.8 -) 3 - 5.7 cm, glabrous; with petioles 3 - 11 (- 20) cm long; sheathing leaf bases forming a pseudostem 2 - 5 cm long. Inflorescences 1 - 2, 30 - 66 cm long, arising in an axillary position on the sides of the leafy shoot in its lower half, hirsute (sometimes very sparsely so at the base); peduncles (15 -) 25 - 45 cm long; sterile bracts (3 -) 4 - 8, scattered along the flowering stem and a few clustered at its base, erect, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, sheathing, (0.6 -) 2.1 - 4.6 cm long, subglabrous or sparsely hairy; sometimes already fallen off at the flowering time and only the leaf scars visible; raceme lax or semi-dense, 15 - to many-flowered; rachis (5 -) 10 - 20 cm long, with hirsute hairs that sometimes have a pink tinge; floral bracts caducous, narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, glabrous. Flowers 20 - 30 mm across, yellow or orange-yellow, also recorded as sepals and petals brownish-yellow and lip white with brown patch on the disk. Ovary indistinguishable from the pedicel, (15 -) 18 - 26 mm long, densely hairy. Sepals similar, linear to oblongelliptic, acute, 3 - veined, 10 - 19 × 2 - 6.8 mm, hairy on the outside especially in their upper part, inside glabrous or with scattered hairs. Petals obovatelanceolate, acute, 3 - veined, 10 - 18 × 2 - 4.5 mm, hairy or subglabrous. Lip 3 - lobed, 8 - 15 (- 18) × 5 - 10 (- 14) mm, united with the gynostemium only at the very base, spurless, base pubescent, two lateral areas with short and rather stout hairs near the upper end of the side lobes, otherwise glabrous; midlobe flabellate, bilobulate, 3.5 - 8 × 5 - 10 mm, decurved, margin crispate; side lobes erect, falcate, tips pointing forwards, 1.7 - 5 × 1 - 3 mm; disk with two longitudinal ridges over most of its length or only in its basal half. Gynostemium 3 - 6 mm long, densely hairy. Fruits not seen.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFA2FFEE2F16CA3E7970A922.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION AND PHENOLOGY In Thailand found in all regions except the North and East. Generally widespread from NE India to S China and Japan, and in Malesia as far eastwards as the Moluccas. Found in dry evergreen forest from about 1100 to 1400 m. Once reported over sandstone. Flowering from September to December and from February to March.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
2F0B8790FFA2FFEE2F16CA3E7970A922.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Easily recognized by the many-flowered inflorescences which arise in lateral position on the canelike stems and the small or medium-sized spurless yellow flowers. Cephalantheropsis obcordata was previously widely known as Calanthe gracilis and, after its transfer to the genus Cephalantheropsis, as Cephalantheropsis gracilis. As the species was later shown to be conspecific with Bletia obcordata Lindl., its name had to change to Cephalantheropsis obcordata, which is the older epithet.	en	Kurzweil, Hubert (2010): A precursory study of the Calanthe group (Orchidaceae) in Thailand. Adansonia (3) 32 (1): 57-107, DOI: 10.5252/a2010n1a4, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2010n1a4
