identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2E0A6D6E8A41FFCAFF0EDDD181EFFBD8.text	2E0A6D6E8A41FFCAFF0EDDD181EFFBD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera Macquart	<div><p>Genus Bactrocera Macquart</p><p>Bactrocera Macquart, 1835: 452 . Type species: Bactrocera longicornis Macquart, 1835, by monotypy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E0A6D6E8A41FFCAFF0EDDD181EFFBD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Ramani, S.;Whitmore, Daniel;Ranganath, H. R.	David, K. J., Ramani, S., Whitmore, Daniel, Ranganath, H. R. (2016): Two new species and a new record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4103 (1): 25-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.1.2
2E0A6D6E8A42FFC8FF0EDC9B84CFF807.text	2E0A6D6E8A42FFC8FF0EDC9B84CFF807.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Calodacus) Ramani & David	<div><p>a. Bactrocera (Calodacus) harrietensis Ramani &amp; David, sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized species (5.6−6.0 mm); face fulvous with two separate circular black spots; scutum reddish brown in ground colour with a broad postsutural lateral yellow vitta (0.15−0.17 mm wide) ending at intraalar seta; notopleuron and postpronotal lobe yellow, no yellow spot anterior to notopleural suture; anepisternal stripe reaching midway between anterior notopleural seta and notopleuron; scutellum with a narrow black basal band; wing predominantly hyaline with broad costal band confluent with R4+5, anal streak narrow, no dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1+Cu2; abdominal tergites III −V orange-brown with a narrow longitudinal black band (0.16 mm), lateral regions of tergites III −V with small, triangular, fuscous markings.</p><p>Description. Holotype female. Head (Fig. 1): Height 1.43 mm. Frons length 1.7 times breadth; fulvous with fuscous marking on anteriomedial hump and around bases of frontal and orbital setae, all setae black: 2 pairs of frontal setae and 1 pair of orbital setae; lunule black. Ocellar triangle and vertex black. Face fulvous with two separate black spots (0.18 mm long) on antennal furrows. Scape (0.15 mm long) and pedicel (0.24 mm long) fulvous, first flagellomere (0.68 mm long) dark fuscous on outer side and apex, arista non plumose. Gena fulvous with a black marking and a seta. Occiput light fuscous, fulvous along eye margins; lateral and medial vertical setae present, occipital row with 7−8 stout black setae.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 2, 4): 2.27 mm long, 1.86 mm wide; scutum red brown with black lanceolate markings. Pleura red brown in ground colour with black markings anterior to anepisternal stripe, katepisternum and anepimeron. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, anepisternal stripe reaching midway between notopleuron and anterior notopleural seta and continuing to katepisternum as a transverse spot; anatergite (posterior apex black); anterior 3/5 of katatergite (remainder black); broad parallel-sided postsutural lateral vitta ending at intra-alar seta. Medial longitudinal postsutural yellow vitta absent. Scutellum yellow with narrow black basal band, subscutellum red-brown with black lateral margins. Chaetotaxy: scutellar seta, 1; prescutellar acrostichal seta, 1; intra-alar seta, 1; presutural supra-alar seta, 1; postalar seta, 1; anepisternal seta, 1; anterior notopleural seta, 1; posterior notopleural seta, 1; scapular setae, 2.</p><p>Leg (Fig. 4): Coxa dark fuscous to black, trochanter light fuscous to fulvous; all femora fulvous with apical black markings; fore femur with small oval spot, apex of mid femur with faint infuscation; hind femur with prominent black apex. Fore and mid tibiae light fuscous, hind tibia dark fuscous, all tarsal segments fuscous.</p><p>Wing (Figs 6–7): Length, 4.70 mm, cells bc and c hyaline; microtrichia in outer corner of cell c only; remainder of wing hyaline except dark fuscous cell sc, costal band broad, confluent with R4+5 and of uniform width to apex, extension of cell bcu shorter than cell bcu, base of cell br with microtrichia, anal streak narrow, confined to cell bcu, no dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1+Cu2; supernumerary lobe weak.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 3–5): 2.34 mm long, 2.19 mm wide, oval, tergites free, tergites I and II orange, tergite II with a medial black spot. Tergite III reddish brown with a narrow, basal transverse black band. Tergites III −V with a narrow medial longitudinal black band and small, triangular, fuscous lateral markings. Tergite V with shining spots (ceromata). Oviscape (1.58 mm) reddish brown; spicules (0.018−0.02 mm wide, 0.006 mm high) of eversible membrane (2.16 mm) broad, with 2−3 sharp projections of almost equal height (Fig. 13), evenly spaced; aculeus (1.65 mm) curved apically, aculeus tip blunt, with four pairs of preapical setae (all of equal length) (Fig. 12).</p><p>Male: As female except: short posterior lobe of surstylus and deep posterior emargination of sternite V. Pecten absent on tergite III (Fig. 5). Proctiger membranous, as wide as epandrium, epandrium sclerotised (Figs 8–9), as long as wide (0.3 mm); surstyli short, 0.17 mm long; posterior lobe of surstylus pointed and curved back, not longer than anterior lobe; aedeagus 2.60 mm long with glans of phallus (Fig. 10) 0.4 mm long. Three-quarters of glans heavily sclerotized with well developed unpatterned acrophallus, praeputium and subapical lobe.</p><p>Host plant. Spondias pinnata Kurz. (Anacardiaceae) .</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, INDIA, Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands, Mount Harriet, South Andaman, 25. vi. 1992, H. R. Ranganath; reared from Spondias pinnata (deposited in UASB); Paratypes, same data as holotype, 3 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ (UASB); 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (NBAIR).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, Mount Harriet.</p><p>Remarks. Bactrocera (Calodacus) harrietensis is similar to B. (C.) symplocos and B. (C.) kuniyoshii (Shiraki) in having a broad costal band confluent with R4+5 and broad lateral postsutural vittae (&gt; 0.15 mm). It can be differentiated from B. symplocos by its reddish brown scutum with black patches, abdomen with narrow, triangular, lateral markings on tergites III −V, shorter oviscape (1.58 mm) and broad spicules of eversible membrane with 3−5 projections, whereas in B. symplocos the scutum is black, the abdominal tergites have broad, black lateral margins, the oviscape is longer than 2 mm and the spicules of eversible membrane have 1−3 projections. Bactrocera harrietensis differs from B. kuniyoshii in having a reddish brown scutum, narrow fuscous markings on all femora, lack of dark lateral markings on tergites III −V, shorter oviscape (1.58 mm) and spicules of eversible membrane with 3−5 projections.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E0A6D6E8A42FFC8FF0EDC9B84CFF807	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Ramani, S.;Whitmore, Daniel;Ranganath, H. R.	David, K. J., Ramani, S., Whitmore, Daniel, Ranganath, H. R. (2016): Two new species and a new record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4103 (1): 25-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.1.2
2E0A6D6E8A44FFCDFF0EDBF384C8F976.text	2E0A6D6E8A44FFCDFF0EDBF384C8F976.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Calodacus) chettalli David & Ranganath	<div><p>b. Bactrocera (Calodacus) chettalli David &amp; Ranganath, sp.nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized species (5.80−6.21 mm); face fulvous with two separate, elongate/oval black spots; scutum black with narrow postsutural lateral yellow vitta (0.08−0.10 mm wide) ending at intra-alar seta; notopleuron and postpronotal lobe yellow, no yellow spot anterior to notopleural suture; anepisternal stripe almost reaching anterior margin of notopleuron dorsally; scutellum with a narrow black basal band; wing predominantly hyaline with a narrow costal band slightly overlapping vein R2+3, anal streak narrow, no dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1+Cu2; abdominal tergites III −V orange-brown with a longitudinal black band, lateral regions of tergites III −V with black markings.</p><p>Description. Holotype female. Head (Fig. 14): Height 1.20 mm. Frons length 1.45 times breadth; fulvous with fuscous markings on anteriomedial hump and around bases of frontal and orbital setae, all setae black: 2 pairs of frontal setae and 1 pair of orbital setae; lunule black. Ocellar triangle and vertex black. Face fulvous with two separate, elongate/oval black spots (0.26 mm long) on antennal furrows. Scape (0.25 mm long) and pedicel (0.20 mm long) fulvous, first flagellomere (0.71 mm long) dark fuscous on outer side and apex, arista non plumose. Gena fulvous with black marking and a seta. Occiput fuscous to black, fulvous along eye margins; lateral and medial vertical setae present, occipital row with 7−8 black, stout setae.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 15−16): 2.24 mm long, 1.68 mm wide; scutum black with red-brown below and behind lateral postsutural vitta, around notopleural suture and inside postpronotal lobe. Pleural area black with red-brown below postpronotal lobe. Yellow markings as follows: postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, anepisternal stripe almost reaching between anterior margin of notopleuron and anterior notopleural seta dorsally and continuing to katepisternum as a transverse spot; anatergite (posterior apex black); anterior 3/5 of katatergite (remainder black); narrow parallelsided postsutural lateral vitta ending at intra-alar seta. Medial longitudinal postsutural yellow vitta absent. Scutellum yellow with narrow black basal band, subscutellum wholly black. Chaetotaxy: scutellar seta, 1; prescutellar acrostichal seta, 1; intra-alar seta, 1; presutural supra-alar seta, 1; postalar seta, 1; anepisternal seta, 1; anterior notopleural seta, 1; posterior notopleural seta, 1; scapular setae, 2.</p><p>Leg (Fig. 16): Coxa and trochanter black; all femora fulvous with black markings (basal 0.67 of fore femur, 0.5 of outer surface of mid femur; apex of hind femur). Fore and hind tibiae dark fuscous, 0.75 of mid tibia fuscous, remainder fulvous, all tarsal segments fulvous.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 18): Length, 4.75 mm, cells bc and c hyaline; microtrichia in outer corner of cell c only; remainder of wing hyaline except dark fuscous cell sc, costal band slightly overlapping vein R2+3, slightly expanded at apex, ending well before the middle of cell r4+5, anal streak narrow, confined to cell bcu, no dense aggregation of microtrichia around A1+Cu2; supernumerary lobe weak.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 17): 2.29 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, oval, tergites free, tergite I black with a narrow transverse red-brown band across posterior margin; tergite II orange-brown with a black transverse band not reaching lateral margins. Tergite III entirely black except for reddish brown narrow regions near the middle. Tergites III −V with a medial longitudinal black band. Tergite V with shining spots (ceromata). Oviscape reddish brown, 1.98 mm long; spicules (0.006 mm high, 0.01 mm wide) of eversible membrane (2.26 mm) with one to three blunt projections, median one 2−3 times higher than lateral ones (Fig. 19); aculeus (1.80 mm) curved apically, aculeus tip bluntly pointed (Fig. 20), with four pairs of preapical setae (all of equal length).</p><p>Male: As female except: short posterior lobe of surstylus and deep emargination of posterior margin of sternite V. Pecten absent on tergite III. Proctiger membranous, as wide as epandrium, epandrium sclerotised, as long as wide (0.3 mm); surstyli short, 0.2 mm long; posterior lobe of surstylus not longer than anterior lobe (Figs 21, 22). Aedeagus 3.12 mm long excluding glans (0.39 mm). Glans of phallus sclerotised with trumpet-shaped subapical lobe, well developed praeputium and unpatterned acrophallus, basal lobe absent (Fig. 23).</p><p>Host plant. Spondias pinnata Kurz. (Anacardiaceae) .</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♀, INDIA: Karnataka, Chettalli, 12.vii.2012, Ranganath H.R. reared from Spondias pinnata (deposited at NBAIR); Paratypes: INDIA: 6 ♀♀, 9 ♂♂, same data as holotype (deposited at NBAIR); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, same data as holotype (deposited at UASB).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Bactrocera (Calodacus) chettalli is similar to B. (C.) symplocos (Figs 24−30), described from Thailand, in having a black scutum, black lateral markings on abdominal tergites III −V and fuscous markings on all femora. It differs from the latter in having narrow postsutural lateral yellow vittae (0.09 to 0.10 mm), narrow costal band slightly overlapping vein R2+3 and not reaching middle of cell r4+5, extensive fuscous markings on all femora, a longer aedeagus (3.12 mm), blunt projections of spicules on distal end of eversible membrane and a broadly pointed aculeus tip (Fig. 20), whereas B. symplocos has broad postsutural lateral yellow vittae (&gt; 0.15 mm), a broad costal band confluent with R4+5 of uniform width reaching the middle of cell r4+5, narrow femoral markings, shorter aedeagus (2.1 mm), sharp projections of spicules on distal end of eversible membrane and sharply pointed aculeus tip (Fig. 29).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E0A6D6E8A44FFCDFF0EDBF384C8F976	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Ramani, S.;Whitmore, Daniel;Ranganath, H. R.	David, K. J., Ramani, S., Whitmore, Daniel, Ranganath, H. R. (2016): Two new species and a new record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4103 (1): 25-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.1.2
2E0A6D6E8A46FFCCFF0ED8D78165FE00.text	2E0A6D6E8A46FFCCFF0ED8D78165FE00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Calodacus) symplocos Drew & Romig	<div><p>III. Notes on Bactrocera (Calodacus) symplocos Drew &amp; Romig</p><p>Bactrocera (Gymnodacus) symplocos Drew &amp; Romig, 2013: 203 . Holotype female in BMNH. Bactrocera (Calodacus) symplocos: Hancock 2015: 42 .</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: ♀ (BMNH), Thailand, Doi Pui, Chiang Mai, 11.vii. 1991, Chantanee, bred from Symplocos cochinchinensis, Bactrocera (Gymnodacus) symplocos Drew &amp; Romig, det. Drew &amp; Romig 2013, BMNH (E) 2014-137, BMNH (E)1493187; Paratypes (all BMNH): 1 ♂, Thailand, Doi Pui, Chiang Mai, 11.vii.</p><p>1991, Chantanee, bred from Symplocos cochinchinensis, Bactrocera (Gymnodacus) symplocos Drew &amp; Romig, det. Drew &amp; Romig 2013, BMNH (E) 2014-137, BMNH (E)1493192; 1 ♂, same data except QR code label BMNH (E)1493193; 1 ♀, same data except QR code label BMNH (E)1493199; 1 ♀, same data except 4.vii.1991 and QR code label BMNH (E)1493207.</p><p>Comments. Bactrocera symplocos was originally described from Thailand by Drew &amp; Romig (2013) and was adequately described by them except for the male and female genitalia. Dissection of a female paratype revealed an elongate oviscape (2 mm), apically curved aculeus (2.07 mm), sharply pointed aculeus tip with four preapical setae (Fig. 29) and spicules (0.006 mm high, 0.009 mm wide) of eversible membrane (2.5 mm) with one to three sharp projections (Fig. 28). Male with aedeagus 2.1 mm long excluding glans (0.35 mm); glans of phallus with an unpatterned acrophallus, praeputium and trumpet-shaped subapical lobe (Fig. 30).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E0A6D6E8A46FFCCFF0ED8D78165FE00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Ramani, S.;Whitmore, Daniel;Ranganath, H. R.	David, K. J., Ramani, S., Whitmore, Daniel, Ranganath, H. R. (2016): Two new species and a new record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4103 (1): 25-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.1.2
2E0A6D6E8A47FFC3FF0ED996874DFD7E.text	2E0A6D6E8A47FFC3FF0ED996874DFD7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) semongokensis Drew & Romig	<div><p>Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) semongokensis Drew &amp; Romig</p><p>Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) semongokensis Drew &amp; Romig, 2013: 344 . Holotype male in BMNH.</p><p>Material examined. 1 ♂, INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands, South Andamans, Chouldari, Bloomsdale, 8.iii.2012, N 11°37.988; E 92°39.22, Coll. David, K. J.; 1 ♂, INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Neil Island, Lakshmanpur, N 11°37.988; E 92°39.226, 6.iii.2012, Coll. David, K. J., attracted to cue lure (NBAIR).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species has been adequately described by Drew &amp; Romig (2013) except for some additional genitalia characters. Face with broad black band across oral margin, broken in the centre (Fig. 31), scutum dark brown to black with yellow medial and lateral postsutural vittae (Fig. 32); anepisternal stripe broad and reaching anterior notopleural seta (Fig. 33), all femora with apical fuscous markings (Fig. 35), abdomen with a narrow black transverse band on tergite III but devoid of a dark longitudinal medial vitta (Fig. 34), wing with costal band confluent with R2+3, slightly expanded beyond R1 (Fig. 36). The male genitalia of B. semongokensis were examined: epandrium slightly shorter than lateral surstylus (Fig. 37); posterior lobe of surstylus longer than anterior lobe; medial surstylus as long as lateral surstylus (Fig. 38), aedeagus sclerotised with well developed patterned acrophallus, praeputium, trumpet-shaped basal lobe and short subapical lobe (Fig. 39). This species is known only from males. Described from East Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah), it is recorded here for the first time from India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E0A6D6E8A47FFC3FF0ED996874DFD7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	David, K. J.;Ramani, S.;Whitmore, Daniel;Ranganath, H. R.	David, K. J., Ramani, S., Whitmore, Daniel, Ranganath, H. R. (2016): Two new species and a new record of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa 4103 (1): 25-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.1.2
