identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2E2D5A4B2A69FF8FFF00537FFA37F7AE.text	2E2D5A4B2A69FF8FFF00537FFA37F7AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Humidophila Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot et Kopalova 2014	<div><p>Humidophila</p> <p>Humidophila taxa commonly occurred in association with bryophytes and/or lichen on the euaerial habitats in Iceland (absent only from two sites sparse in diatoms; WW 39 and 21). Of the seven species present, 50% or more co-occurred together, altogether often contributing&gt;50% to the relative abundance of taxa present. Within these, H. gallica (Smith 1857: 11) Lowe, Kociolek, You, Wang et Stepanek (2017: 281) and H. perpusilla contributed the most to relative abundance. The checklist of algae from Iceland (Hallgrímsson 2007) lists several Diadesmis Kützing (1844: 109) and Humidophila taxa from aerial environments including those recorded here, such as H. biceps, H. contenta (Grunow in Van Heurck 1885: 109) Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot et Kopalová (2014: 357), H. gallica, and H. perpusilla. We describe one Humidophila species new to science, present information for another unidentified Humidophila taxon, and propose the transfer of Diadesmis contenta var. biceps to Humidophila biceps.</p> <p>Humidophila sp. 1 (LM = Fig. 8 N–O; SEM = Fig. 8 P–Q)</p> <p>Description:—The raphe is filiform and continuous from the central area to the end of the row of areolae. Lateral depressions flank proximal raphe ends. Distal raphe ends appear to lack lateral depressions. Axial area is lanceolate. Valves are naviculoid tapering to rounded ends. There is a subtile construction near the ends of the valves. The striae are continuous through the length of the valve and flair in the center leaving a circular central area. We were not able to view specimens with SEM in girdle view nor valve interior.</p> <p>Collection Information:— ICELAND. Scrape and a bryophyte and lichen squeeze, collected from a rock outcrop in the Hengill watershed (~ N 64 3 23.0, W 21 17 1.0, WW 5 Table 1), P.C. Furey, 13 July 2013. (Cleaned material –GCAC4212, and representative specimen circled on slide GCAC4212 deposited in the diatom collection at Georgia College and State University, USA. Here illustrated as Fig. 8 N).</p> <p>Comments:—This unidentified taxon should be compared to Humidophila arctica (Lange-Bertalot et Genkel 1999: 40) Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot et Kopalová (2014: 357) but differs in the valves being more naviculoid. Both taxa have areolae that are interrupted in the central area, but frustules of H. arctica have broadly rounded ends (Lange-Bertalot &amp; Genkal 1999, Tafel 21 Figs 8 –14) in contrast to the more tapered ends of Humidophila sp. 1. More information, especially around interal and girdle views are needed to establish details key to a new taxon description, therefore, we currently designated this taxon as unidentified Humidophila sp. 1 until more information can be gathered.</p> <p>Specimens were generally absent from most samples, but occasionally contributed &lt;5% to the relative abundance at sites in Hengill and Þingvellir rift valley, though at WW5 relative abundance reached 5.5% (Table 2).</p> <p>Humidophila eldfjallii sp. nov. (LM = Fig. 8 E–H; SEM = Fig. 8 A–D)</p> <p>Description:—Valves strongly triundulate, length 12.2–14.9 μm, width middle 3.0–3.6 μm, width apices 3.0–3.6 μm; 33.0–35.4 striae in 10 μm (for n=5 LM, n=5 SEM). The raphe is filiform with distal ends bending slightly in opposite directions. The axial area is lanceolate leading to a round central area. Both distal and proximal raphe ends lack any lateral depressions.</p> <p>exceptionally sparse (&lt;50 valves counted) are not included here). Listed alphabetically.</p> <p>Holotype:— ICELAND. Surface scrape and a bryophyte and lichen squeeze collected from a rock face located river right of the River Hengladalsá in the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-21.283611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=64.05639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -21.283611/lat 64.05639)">Hengill watershed</a> (~ N 64 3 23.0, W 21 17 1.0, WW 38 Table 1), P.C. Furey, 14 July 2013. Circled specimen on slide GCAC4213, deposited in the diatom collection at Georgia College and State University Natural History Museum, USA. Here illustrated as Fig. 8 F).</p> <p>Type Material:—Cleaned type material deposited in the Georgia College and State University Natural History Museum, USA diatom collection. GCAC 4213.</p> <p>Etymology:—This specific epithet refers to the Icelandic word for ‘volcano’–‘eldfjall’ (eldur–“fire”, and fjall –“mountain”) after the volcanic rock it was collected from in the Hengill watershed; also the location of the Hengill volcano.</p> <p>Comments:—The strongly triundulate valves of H. eldfjallii are different than most species in this genus. Humidophila eldfjallii differs from H. costei (Le Cohu et Van de Vijver 2002: 122) Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot et Kopalová (2014: 357) and H. ingeae (Van de Vijver in Van de Vijver et al. 2002: 338) Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot et Kopalová (2014: 358) by valves that are much more strongly triundulate with bulbous valve ends, whereas H. costei and H. ingeae have more subtly undulated valves. Additionally, H. ingeae displays marginal aereola on the valve face while they are on the mantle in H. eldfjllii.</p> <p>Specimens occurred at&gt;5–10% (WW 38) and&gt;10–20% (WW 54) relative abundance in Hengill, but otherwise occurred at low relative abundances in Hengill and the Þingvellir rift valley (Table 2).</p> <p>Humidophila parallela (Petersen 1928b: 15) comb. nov. (LM = Fig. 7 M–O; SEM = Fig. 7 P)</p> <p>Basionym: Navicula contenta var. parallela Petersen (1928b: Dansk Bot. Arkiv, p. 15, fig 2)</p> <p>Synonym: Diadesmis contenta var. parallela (Petersen 1928b: 15) Spaulding in Spaulding et al. (1997: 410).</p> <p>Valve dimensions (for n=9 LM, n=3 SEM) length 7.2–9.1 μm, width middle 2.0–3.1, width apices 2.0–3.1; 34.0–34.9 striae in 10 μm. T-shaped depression of the proximal raphe ends absent.</p> <p>This species was earlier considered to be a variety of Navicula contenta Grunow in Van Heurck (1885: 109), and was moved (as a variety) to Diadesmis contenta (Grunow 1885: 109) D.G.Mann in Round, R.M.Crawford &amp; D.G.Mann (1990: 666), but SEM views in this study show that it lacks the T-shaped depressions at the proximal raphe ends, a characteristic of D. contenta. Diadesmis arcuata (Heiden in Heiden et Kolbe 1928: 628) Lange-Bertalot in Moser, Lange-Bertalot et Metzeltin (1998: 136) lacks this depression, and therefore we consider this species to be more closely related to D. arcuata than to D. contenta. There is currently some question about the validity of D. arcuata, as it has a basionym that is illegitimate (Navicula arcuata Heiden in Heiden et Kolbe 1928: 628) because it was a later synonym of Navicula arcuata Pantocsek (1892: 64 (1905), pl. 6: fig. 97). Lange-Bertalot correctly considered the name arcuata available for a species in Diadesmis, but he incorrectly made a new combination with Heiden’s illegitimate taxon as basionym when he should have simply used arcuata as a replacement name (Moser et al. 1998). Lowe et al. (2014) made the same error in their new combination. Given that the recognition of subspecific taxa in diatoms is a less widespread practice than in prior decades, and the possible incorrectness of the recent combinations with Navicula arcuata, we decided to recognize this taxon at the species level.</p> <p>Valves generally were absent or contributed &lt;2% to the relative abundance of samples from Hengill and Þingvellir rift valley, though relative abundance reached 7% at one site in Hengill (WW 3; Table 2).</p> <p>Humidophila biceps (Grunow in Van Heurck 1880: expl. Pl. XIV, fig. 31B) comb. nov. (LM = Fig. 7 C–E; SEM = Fig. 7 A–B).</p> <p>Basionym: Navicula trinodis var. biceps Grunow in Van Heurck 1880: expl. Pl. XIV, fig. 31B</p> <p>Valve dimensions (for n=14 LM, n=4 SEM): length 10.0–14.5 μm, width middle 2.5–3.5 μm; 39.3–41.6 striae in 10 μm. Valves had a slight convex area in the middle. Short, comma–like depressions flanking the proximal raphe ends were similar to those shown in SEM micrographs in Veselá &amp; Johansen (2009, as Diadesmis biceps fig. 199). This taxon is synonymous to D. biceps G.A. Arnott ex Cleve (1894: 132) nom. inval. and D. contenta var. biceps.</p> <p>Frustules occurred at low relative abundance at several sites in the Hengill watershed, but also reached higher relative abundances at sites in both Hengill and the Þingvellir rift valley, four of which were&gt;20% relative abundance (Table 2).</p> <p>Humidophila gallica (W. Smith 1857: 11) Lowe, Kociolek, You, Wang et Stepanek (2017: 281) (LM = Fig. 9 E–J; SEM = Fig. 9 A–D)</p> <p>The valve dimensions of H. gallica measured at length 9.5–15.0 μm, width middle 3.0–4.2 μm, and 30.8–32.7 striae in 10 μm (for n=11 LM, n=9 SEM). The chain-forming morphology with spines and the absence of a raphe occurred over forms with a raphe but not spines (Cox 2006). Some populations contain valves predominantly on the shorter side (Fig. 9 I–J)</p> <p>Humidophila gallica, consistently present in the Hengill and the Þingvellir rift valley, consistently occurred at relative abundances&gt;5 %, and at 5 sites&gt;20% (Table 2). Humidophila gallica is a typical on mosses and ferns (as Diadesmis gallica; Roldán et Hernández–Mariné, 2009).</p> <p>Humidophila paracontenta (Lange-Bertalot et Werum in Lange-Bertalot &amp; Genkal 1999: 41) Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot et Kopalová (2014: 358) (LM = Fig. 8 I–L; SEM = Fig. 8 M, R–S)</p> <p>Valve dimensions (for n=8 LM, n=4 SEM): length 9.8–14.4 μm, width middle 2.2–3.8 μm, width apices 2.5–4.3 μm; 28.5–31.2 striae in 10 μm. Short, comma-like depressions flanked the distal and proximal raphe ends (similar to those shown in H. paracontenta var. magisconcava (Lange-Bertalot) Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot et Kopalová (2014: 358) –Pl 65, 3–7 in vol. 13, Werum &amp; Lange-Bertalot 2004).</p> <p>Humidophila paracontenta, absent from Þingvellir rift valley, typically comprised &lt;1% of the relative abundance of samples from Hengill, but was the only taxon observed from a sparse sample at WW 21 (Table 3).</p> <p>Humidophila perpusilla (Grunow 1860: 552) Lowe, Kociolek, Johansen, Van de Vijver, Lange-Bertalot et Kopalová (2014: 358) (LM = Fig. 7 F–I; SEM = Fig. 7 J–L)</p> <p>The valve dimensions of H. perpusilla measured at length 8.0–18.1 μm, width middle 3.4–4.6 μm, and 32.3–36.0 striae in 10 μm (for n=25 LM, n=9 SEM). This taxon, very common at sites from Hengill and the Þingvellir rift valley, occurred at&gt;20 % relative abundance at 9 sites (Table 2).</p> <p>counted) are not included here). Listed alphabetically.</p> <p>......continued on the next page......continued on the next page</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E2D5A4B2A69FF8FFF00537FFA37F7AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furey, Paula C.;Manoylov, Kalina M.;Lowe, Rex L.	Furey, Paula C., Manoylov, Kalina M., Lowe, Rex L. (2020): New and interesting aerial diatom assemblages from southwestern Iceland. Phytotaxa 428 (3): 173-208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2
2E2D5A4B2A7BFF8AFF005551FE4BFF7F.text	2E2D5A4B2A7BFF8AFF005551FE4BFF7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eunotia Ehrenberg 1837	<div><p>Eunotia</p> <p>Eunotia species, considered all together, were common in our samples at relative abundances &lt;5% (Table 3), though at four sites the relative abundance reached 12–33% (Table 2).</p> <p>Eunotia arctica Hustedt (1937: 169) (LM = Fig. 4 G–I; SEM = Fig. 4 M)</p> <p>The valve morphology of E. arctica from these samples measured at length 23.4–25.7 μm, width inflated area 7.4–8.4, width middle 5.3–6.5 μm, 14.8–16.2 striae (middle) in 10 μm, 18.0–22.1 striae (ends) in 10 μm, and areolae ca 34 in 10 μm (for n=4 LM, n=1 SEM). The raphe curved strongly up the valve apex (Fig. 4 M).</p> <p>This taxon only occurred at a few sites in Hengill and Þingvellir rift valley, but at &lt;5% relative abundance (Table 3). The checklist of algae from Iceland (Hallgrímsson 2007) includes E. arctica. Lange-Bertalot et al. (2011) show images of specimens from Iceland (type locality), along with valves from Spitzbergen (Svalbard) with a similar, but slightly different morphology (see outline of inflated areas; plate 73, figs 9–15).</p> <p>Eunotia bidens Ehrenberg (1843b: 413) (LM = Fig. 5. K–L; SEM = Fig. 5. G)</p> <p>The valves observed measured at length 37.0–47.3 μm, width inflated area 11.0 – 12.3 μm, width middle 8.2–11.0 μm, 12.2–14.4 striae (middle) in 10 μm, and 12.2–17.0 striae (ends) in 10 μm (n = 3 LM, for n=3 SEM). The checklist of algae from Iceland includes E. praerupta var. bidens (Ehrenber 1843: 413) Grunow in Cleve &amp; Grunow (1880: 109) (Hallgrímsson 2007; considered a synonym of E. bidens), and Petersen (1928a) briefly mentions this taxon. The valves in this study appear similar to a specimen shown in Foged (1974; E. praerupta var. bidens, Plate V. fig. 8). Our valves are too narrow and short to belong to E. superbidens Lange-Bertalot in Lange-Bertalot et al. (2011: 229).</p> <p>Valves of E. bidens were only observed at &lt;1% relative abundance in a bryophyte squeeze in the Þingvellir rift valley (WW 41; Table 2).</p> <p>Eunotia bigibba Kützing (1849: 6) (LM = Fig. 5 A–F; SEM = Fig. 5 H–I)</p> <p>The valve morphology of E. bigibba measured at length 25–36.5 μm, width inflated area 9.8–11.4 μm, width middle 8.3–10.7 μm, 10.6–13.2 striae (middle) in 10 μm, 14.1–16.2 striae (ends) in 10 μm, and areolae 24–30 in 10 μm (for n=10 LM, n=7 SEM). The striae stopped short to give the appearance of the hyaline area (i) on the ventral edge of the valve (Fig. 5 I). In girdle view, the cingulum formed waves following the inflated areas of the dorsal margin (Fig. 5 H). The areolae extended across the valve mantle (Fig. 5 H).</p> <p>The valves from Iceland align best with valve measurements for E. bigibba described from other populations in Lange-Bertalot et al. (2011; length 20–43 μm, width inflated area 8–14 μm, striae 10–12 in 10 μm, areolae ca. 30 in 10 μm). The shorter, narrower valves with higher striae density contrast with those of E. sarek Berg (1939: 449) (Length 40–57 μm, width inflated area 14–23 μm, striae 7–10 in 10 μm; Lange-Bertalot et al. 2011). The narrower depression between the inflated areas sets valves apart from those of E. suecica Cleve (1895: 29).</p> <p>Eunotia bigibba occurred in association with bryophytes and lichens in low densities (&lt;5%) from a number of sites in the Hengill watershed, and at 12% on WW 41 in the Þingvellir rift valley (Table 2). Eunotia bigibba, included in the checklist of algae from Iceland (as E. praerupta var. bigibba (Kützing 1849: 6) Grunow in Van Heurck 1881; (Hallgrímsson 2007), was also reported from epiphytic diatom assemblages from terrestrial mosses in in Zackenberg (Northeast Greenland; Van Kerckvoorde et al. 2000).</p> <p>Eunotia curtagrunowii Nörpel-Schempp et Lange-Bertalot in Lange-Bertalot &amp; Metzeltin</p> <p>(1996: 48) (LM = Fig. 6 A–E; SEM = Fig. 6 F–J)</p> <p>The valve morphology of E. curtagrunowii measured at length 21–28 μm, width 7–8.5 μm, 9.4–13.0 striae (middle) in 10 μm, 14.4–18.0 striae (ends) in 10 μm, and areolae 30–35 in 10 μm (for n=10 LM, n=4 SEM). Valve measurements and morphological descriptions conform to those reported in Lange-Bertalot &amp; Metzeltin (1996) and Lange-Bertalot et al. (2011). In our specimens, a single rimoportula occurred just below the midpoint of the valve apex with a simple, round opening externally (Fig. 6 G) and a raised opening internally (Fig. 6 I). Note the patterning, and single enlarged areola along the external, ventral margin (Fig. 6 H), also shown in other SEM micrographs (Lange-Bertalot et al. 2011; plate 196, fig. 9–12, 13). The narrower valves distinguish specimens from Iceland from those of E. ewa Lange-Bertalot et Witkowski in Lange-Bertalot et al. (2011: 93) from Greenland (width 9.5–13 μm). The rectangular girdle view of valves from Iceland (Fig. 6 D, E) contrast with the parallelogram-like shape of the girdle view of a similar shaped taxon, E. parallelogramma Van de Vijver, M. de Haan et Lange-Bertalot (2014: 274), reported from Antarctica.</p> <p>Frustules occurred in association with bryophytes and lichen at 11% relative abundance at WW 1, and in low densities other sites in Hengill and the Þingvellir rift valley (Table 2). Eunotia curtagrunowii is reported as E. praerupta var. muscicola Petersen (1928: 377) from terrestrial habitats in Iceland (Petersen 1928 a, Broady 1978) and included in the checklist of algae from Iceland (Hallgrímsson 2007).</p> <p>Eunotia cf. neofallax Nörpel-Schempp et Lange-Bertalot in Lange-Bertalot et al. (1996: 3) (LM = Fig. 4 Q–W) Valves observed measured at length 9.0–22.0 μm, width 1.7–2.5 μm, and 16–20 striae in 10 μm (for n=9 LM). Valves showed a similar outline to those of E. neofallax Nörpel-Schempp et Lange-Bertalot, though stria density in our specimens was slightly denser and the presences of a spine on the apex could not be confirmed.</p> <p>Relative abundance occurred at&gt;10% at one site in the Þingvellir rift valley and&gt;20% at one site in Hengill (Table 2). Previous reports of E. neofallax from intermittently wet subaerial habits included those with melting snow (Bouchard et al. 2018).</p> <p>Eunotia palatina Lange-Bertalot et Krüger in Werum &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2004: 154) (LM = Fig. 4 A–F; SEM = Fig. 4 J–L)</p> <p>The valve morphology of E. palatina from our samples measured at length 24.2–38.5 μm, width middle 5.0–6.8 μm, 15–16 striae (middle) in 10 μm; 16–19 striae (ends) in 10 μm, and areolae 33–35 in 10 μm (for n=8 LM, n=2 SEM). Internal openings of the round areolae were not embedded in a groove (Fig. 4 J). A narrow hyaline area, from the short termination of the striae, extended across the ventral edge of the internal and external valve face, visible in LM (e.g. Fig. 4 B, D) and SEM (Fig. 4 J–i). A slight internal thickening occurred on the internal ventral margin where the proximal raphe ended (Fig. 4 J –ii).</p> <p>Frustules occurred in association with bryophytes and lichen at low relative abundances (&lt;5%) in Hengill and the Þingvellir rift valley (Table 3). Lange-Bertalot et al. (2011) show specimens from a variety of aerophilous locations including the type population in Germany (see also Werum &amp; Lange-Bertalot 2004, plate 7, figs 10–18) and the synonym from Iceland (as E. arctica var. simplex Hustedt 1937: 169), as well as Tara Mountains Poland, Southern Alps, Italy, Pyrenees, Andora.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E2D5A4B2A7BFF8AFF005551FE4BFF7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furey, Paula C.;Manoylov, Kalina M.;Lowe, Rex L.	Furey, Paula C., Manoylov, Kalina M., Lowe, Rex L. (2020): New and interesting aerial diatom assemblages from southwestern Iceland. Phytotaxa 428 (3): 173-208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2
2E2D5A4B2A79FF8AFF005127FDDEFE17.text	2E2D5A4B2A79FF8AFF005127FDDEFE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eunotia Ehrenberg 1837	<div><p>Other Eunotia</p> <p>Other, less common (&lt;5% relative abundance), Eunotia taxa present included E. cf. valida Hustedt (1930: 178) (Fig. 4 N) and E. nymanniana (Fig. 4 X – c), both listed from aerial habitats in the Hallgrímsson (2007) checklist. Observation of more valves of E. cf. fallax Cleve (1895: 33) (Fig. 4 O, P) would help confirm this taxon (length 22–25 μm, width 2.5–2.8 μm, and 16–18 striae in 10 μm).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E2D5A4B2A79FF8AFF005127FDDEFE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furey, Paula C.;Manoylov, Kalina M.;Lowe, Rex L.	Furey, Paula C., Manoylov, Kalina M., Lowe, Rex L. (2020): New and interesting aerial diatom assemblages from southwestern Iceland. Phytotaxa 428 (3): 173-208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2
2E2D5A4B2A79FF8BFF00522DFEF2FC0F.text	2E2D5A4B2A79FF8BFF00522DFEF2FC0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diatomella balfouriana Greville E 1855	<div><p>Diatomella balfouriana Greville (1855: 259) (LM = Fig. 10 A–E)</p> <p>Valves in our material show biseriate striae on the deep mantles and volvocapulae with evidence of septa, each with an opening at each apex and in the central area. Though previously reported from Iceland (Hallgrímsson 2007, Foged 1974), this taxon, typically not common in our samples, occurred at 28% relative abundance at one site (WW 42) in the Þingvellir rift valley (Table 2).</p> <p>Hygropetra balfouriana (Grunow ex Cleve 1895: 80) Krammer et Lange-Bertalot in Krammer (2000: 206) (LM = Fig. 2 Q–R; SEM = Fig. 2 U–V)</p> <p>Valves with ghost filiform raphe (Fig. 2 R), girdle view shows rounded ends (Fig. 2 R). Valve face curved at the margins into a narrow valve mantle. Striae broad, radiate throughout, structured by several rows of areolae, narrowing into a “V” shape towards the axial area and rounded on the mantle (Fig. 2 U). Valve morphology measured at length 5.1–9.6 μm, width middle 2.8–4.1 μm, and striae 9–10 striae in 10 μm (for n=16 LM, n=7 SEM). Some areolae closed by vela. Visible transapical costae in the valve internal view and distant proximal raphe endings (Fig. 2 V). Septa in girdle bands not evident, but irregular linear slits on the volvocopula volvocapula (Fig. 2 U). The algal taxa lists from Iceland, Hallgrímsson (2007) and Foged (1974), include this species as Pinnularia balfouriana Grunow ex Cleve (1895: 80). Not common at sites, but in Hengill, H. balfouriana specimens occurred at&gt;5 – 10% relative abundance at one site,&gt;10%–20% at another, and at 59.6% at WW 53 (Table 2).</p> <p>Melosira varians Agardh (1827: 628)</p> <p>Valves occurred infrequently in general, but were present at 15% relative abundance at a site along the highland road, Landmannaleið, before Fjallabak and at &lt;1% further along Landmannaleið.</p> <p>Orthoseira roeseana (Rabenhorst 1848 –1860: 383) Pfitzer (1871: 134) (LM = Fig. 2 N, S, T; SEM = Fig. 3)</p> <p>Valves of Orthoseira roeseana from rock scrapings in Iceland had a disc shaped valve face, 13–34.1 μm in diameter, which formed a right angle to the valve mantle, 8–15 μm long. The mantle contained uniseriate striae, 13–15 in 10 μm (Figs 2 N, 3 D). Areolae on the valve face occurred as small, round, uniseriate striae covering 4/5 th of the valve face (Figs 2 S, T, 3 A–D). The middle hyaline area contained 3 to 4 carinoportulae with a rim, a feature typical of this genus (Round et al. 1990, Crawford 1981, Houk 1993). Short chains were observed. Valves were present with and without spines. When present, marginal spines were straight and spatulate in form, and arranged with distinct pores between them (Fig. 2 T, 3 D). Perforations were present on the girdle bands (Fig. 3 D).</p> <p>Specimens from Iceland fit into the Orthoseira roeseana complex due to the presence of carinoportulae, linking spines, and a fairly deep mantle (Round et al. 1990). The radiate striae and number of carinoportulae distinguish Orthoseira roeseana from O. johansenii Lowe et Kociolek in Lowe et al. (2013: 46) (Lowe et al. 2013).The absence of rimoportulae (slits) between carinoportulae contrasts with Orthoseira species where this feature occurs such as O. verleyenii Van de Vijver in Lowe et al. (2013: 41) from lava tubes in Île Amsterdam (Lowe et al. 2013), O. gremmenii Van de Vijver et Kopalová (2008: 108) from the small volcanic Gough Island, southern Atlantic Ocean (Van de Vijver &amp; Kopalová, 2008), O. limnopolarensis Van de Vijver et Crawford (2014: 248) from a sediment core Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) (Van de Vijver &amp; Crawford 2014), and Orthoseira taxon 1 and 2 from Madagascar (Spaulding &amp; Kociolek 1998).</p> <p>Valves occurred infrequently in general, but relative abundance occurred at 12% (WW 20) in Hengill and at 2.6% (WW 51) along Landmannaleið. Both sites contained some moss, a typical association for this genus (Roldán &amp; Hernández-Mariné 2009). This taxon is also commonly reported from moist soils, wet walls, waterfall spray zones, and wet but not submerged habitats (Lowe et al. 2013).</p> <p>Platessa rupestris var. interrupta (Krasske 1932: 105) Lange-Bertalot in Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2004: 445) (LM = Figs 10 M–O, a; 12 B)</p> <p>Valves similar in size to P. rupestris, but the striae constantly interrupted outlining the central area in both valves in our site, therefore we kept this taxon separate. Observed at&gt;5% relative abundance in one site (WW 54).</p> <p>Psammothidium marginulatum (Grunow in Cleve &amp; Grunow 1880: 21) Bukhtiyarova et Round (1996: 3) (LM = Fig. 10 Y–Z)</p> <p>The rapheless valve has marginal striae and adjacent to them a series of ornamentations, on the raphe valve outline irregular axial area, central area wide, rectangular, surrounded by 8 short striae (Fig. 10 Y, Z). Observed at 18.7% relative abundance in one site (WW 55) in Hengill (Table 2) and in low abundance at WW 3, 52, and 54.</p> <p>Stauroneis cf. borrichii (J.B. Petersen 1915: 285) J.W.G. Lund (1946: 63) (LM = Fig. 11 X– a)</p> <p>Valves, linear/lanceolate with parallel sides and broadly rounded ends, measured at length 23–38 μm, width 5.5–7 μm, and 25–28 striae in 10 μm (for n=10 LM). We used cf. as the length reported in the literature does not go above 30 μm. Axial area linear, narrow. Central area a rectangular fascia with isolated irregularly short striae, widening towards the margins. Raphe filiform, straight with indistinct central pores. Terminal fissures clearly visible, deflected. Transapical striae radiate in the middle, parallel to convergent near the poles. Absent from most wet walls, but present at&gt;5% but &lt;10% relative abundance at one site in Hengill and another in Þingvellir rift valley. Reported as able to survive desiccation (Petersen 1928a).</p> <p>Staurosirella neopinnata Morales, Wetzel, Haworth et Ector (2019: 82) (LM = Fig. 2 B–G; SEM = Fig. 2 A)</p> <p>In girdle view, frustules are rectangular and form ribbon-like colonies, joined by linking spines (Fig. 2 A), girdle consists of 5 separate copulae, slightly curved near the poles. Valves linear to elliptical lanceolate, no heteropolarity was observed length 10–25 μm, width 3–4.5 μm, 10 striae in 10μ, (for n=10 LM, n=5 SEM). Axial area fairly narrow, linear to slightly lanceolate. Striae parallel, composed of slit-like areolae, continuing without interruption onto the mantle (Fig. 2 A). Marginal spines almost always detected. No rimoportula, but one or two apical pore fields present. Generally rare or in low abundance at our sites, with the exception of one site (WW 3) where the relative abundance was 20% (Table 2).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E2D5A4B2A79FF8BFF00522DFEF2FC0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furey, Paula C.;Manoylov, Kalina M.;Lowe, Rex L.	Furey, Paula C., Manoylov, Kalina M., Lowe, Rex L. (2020): New and interesting aerial diatom assemblages from southwestern Iceland. Phytotaxa 428 (3): 173-208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2
2E2D5A4B2A76FF86FF3555FAFE07FD2F.text	2E2D5A4B2A76FF86FF3555FAFE07FD2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pinnularia undefined-2	<div><p>Pinnularia sp. 2 (LM = Fig. 11 C)</p> <p>Valves linear with parallel margins and broadly rounded, not protracted ends (length 65–72 μm, valve width 12–13 μm, 5 striae in 10μm, for n=5 LM). Axial area narrow, linear. Central area rounded more than ½ of the width of the valve, asymmetrical in the middle due to the shortening of some striae on one side and on the other no visible striae on valve face and central area reaching margin. Raphe moderately lateral, slightly arcuate. Proximal raphe ends deflected towards one side and curved, no visible central pores.</p> <p>Pinnularia stomatophora (Grunow in A. Schmidt et al. 1876: pl. 44) Cleve (1895: 83) (LM = Fig. 11 B)</p> <p>Valves broadly elliptic-lanceolate with convex sides and broadly rounded, sometimes protracted, ends (length 83 μm, width 9.5–10 μm, 13–14 striae in 10μm). Axial area narrow, slightly linear-lanceolate, widening towards the middle. Central area has a broad fascia, enlarging towards the valve margins. Raphe filiform, weakly curved with clearly enlarged central pores. Terminal fissures strongly hooked. Transapical striae weakly radiate and even sinuous in the middle, more and more convergent towards the apices. Longitudinal lines absent. This taxon has been reported from cold habitats (Cantonati et al. 2017).</p> <p>Pinnularia cf. subcommutata Krammer (1992: 136) (LM = Fig. 11 A)</p> <p>Valves linear with obtusely rounded ends. Our specimen was a little bit longer than reported in the literature (thus we chose to keep a cf. designation): length 76 μm, width 9 μm, 12 striae in 10μm, length in literature 40–70 μm (Krammer 2000). Axial area moderately broad, widening towards the central area. Central area elliptical. Raphe moderately lateral with bent central endings and distinct central pores. Terminal fissures shaped as hooks. Striae radiate in the middle, parallel towards the poles. A longitudinal band is present. Asymmetrically missing striae.</p> <p>Sellaphora seminulum (Grunow 1860: 552) D.G. Mann (1989: 2) (LM = Fig. 10 c)</p> <p>In current literature Navicula seminulum var. radiosa Hustedt (1954: 473) (Fig. 10 b) is a synonym of S. seminulum (Wetzel et al. 2015). However, we kept S. seminulum separate from the N. seminulum var. radiosa based on the less convex margins and narrower width for N. seminulum var. radiosa. The complex is known from intermittently-drying small water bodies.</p> <p>Stauroforma atomus (Hustedt 1931: 164) D. Talgatti, C.E. Wetzel, E. Morales et L.C. Torgan (2014: 45) (LM = Fig. 2 O–P) known to survive in brackish conditions (Talgatti et al. 2014). Our specimens were thinner and longer than given in the literature, length 8–9 μm, width 2.4–2.6 μm, striae 16 striae in 10 μm (for n=10 LM) as compared with the type population length 4.5–7 μm, width 2.5–3.5 μm, striae 16 striae in 10 μm, but it fits Cantonati et al. (2017). Has been reported from Iceland as Fragilaria atomus Hustedt 1931: 164 (Hallgrímsson 2007) and Fragilariforma atomus (Hustedt 1931: 164) Lange-Bertalot in Hofmann, Werum &amp; Lange-Bertalot 2011: 257</p> <p>(Cantonati et al. 2017).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E2D5A4B2A76FF86FF3555FAFE07FD2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furey, Paula C.;Manoylov, Kalina M.;Lowe, Rex L.	Furey, Paula C., Manoylov, Kalina M., Lowe, Rex L. (2020): New and interesting aerial diatom assemblages from southwestern Iceland. Phytotaxa 428 (3): 173-208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.2
