identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2C226743CF05FF95FF45FBEE424DF9D2.text	2C226743CF05FF95FF45FBEE424DF9D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomius (Selenocopris) speciosus (Waterhouse 1891)	<div><p>Identification key to species of the Dichotomius (Selenocopris) speciosus species group.</p><p>Figure numbers in italics refer to figures in Maldaner et al. 2015</p><p>The following key allows the identification of the five species currently included in the speciosus species group. Identification of females can be confusing if no males or localities are associated with them (e.g. green females of D. speciosus and females of D. alvarengai; Figs. 4, 6). When not specified, the characteristics fit both males and females. This key is modified from the one presented by Maldaner et al. 2015, and most characters referring to steps 3 to 5 are illustrated in that paper.</p><p>0. Clypeus with two well-defined central teeth, each tooth margined and with rounded to obtuse tips; clypeal border straight or uniformly rounded laterally, with no angles from clypeal teeth to lateral parts of genae (these latter characters identify species of the subgenus Selenocopris). Metaventrite disc posteriorly widely concave, discrimen visible in the bottom of concavity. Size small, less than 15 mm. At least some metallic/ sericeous sheen on elytra, pronotum and metaventrite. High-elevation areas in southeastern and southern Brazil ... Dichotomius speciosus species group ........................ 1</p><p>0’. Different combination of characters... other Dichotomius species groups (check Nunes and Vaz-de-Mello (2013, 2019)</p><p>1. Clypeofrontal region with rounded knob, or tubercle, or transversally carinate (female only: carina with two close tubercles and narrower than one-fifth of interocular distance). Dorsum and venter dark, with strong to faint blue metallic reflections. Known only from Minas Gerais state (one doubtful report from São Paulo with no locality data)................................................................................................................................... 2</p><p>1’. Clypeofrontal region with transverse carina, carina wider than one-third of interocular distance, trilobed, trituberculated (tubercles poorly indicated in females) or with horns or lobe at both extremities (males). Dorsum and venter coloured, with very strong green, red or blue metallic sheen. Rio Grande do Sul to southern Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro ............................................................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Males with pronotal disc anteriorly bearing an anteromedial protuberance with a depression at each side; clypeus with a few feeble punctures in the posterior half; clypeofrontal tubercle laterally compressed. Females with clypeofrontal transverse bilobate elevation. Southern Espinhaço range in Central Minas Gerais ........................... ................................................ Dichotomius (Selenocopris) geraldimi sp. nov. (Figure 2)</p><p>2’. Males without anteromedial pronotal projection; clypeus densely punctured posteriorly; frontoclypeal tubercle conical. Females with a single conical frontoclypeal elevation, sometimes reduced to a rounded tumosity. Campos Altos, Minas Gerais, Brazil ................. ..... Dichotomius (Selenocopris) malyi Maldaner, Nunes and Vaz-de-Mello 2015 (Fig. 5)</p><p>3. Pronotum of males with anteromedial projection triangular. In laterofrontal view, male pronotum strongly excavated at anterior declivity. Clypeofrontal carina straight to broadly curved (Fig. 1 (d–g)), with one horn at each end (Fig. 1 (h)). Body surface red or with red reflections (may be very weak on green specimens) (Figs. 1–2, 6). Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range: São Paulo (Campos do Jordão), Minas Gerais (Aiuruoca), and Rio de Janeiro (Itatiaia), Brazil ............................................................... ............................................ Dichotomius (Selenocopris) speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891)</p><p>3’. Pronotum of males with anteromedial projection rectangular or rounded (Figs. 3A, 4A), apically slightly emarginate and bearing a pair of tubercles. Pronotum excavated below anteromedial projection. Clypeofrontal carina straight, with one tubercle on extremities. Body surface blue or dark with blue reflections. Serra da Bocaina Mountain Range (state of São Paulo, Brazil) and Serra Geral mountain range (states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Pronotum of male medially and longitudinally sulcate, anteromedial projection emarginate apically. Clypeofrontal carina with one acute tubercle at each end. Elytral striae feebly marked, and defined by fine punctures. Dark blue – some individuals with light brown elytra. Serra Geral mountain range (states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) .................................. Dichotomius (Selenocopris) opalescens (Felsche, 1910)</p><p>4’. Pronotum of male with weak, medial and longitudinal sulcus, anteromedial projection weakly emarginated. Male clypeofrontal carina bearing a tubercle on each end, while female cephalic carina lacks them. Elytral striae deeply impressed, and defined by distinct punctures. Green to blue. Restricted to the Serra da Bocaina Mountain Range, state of São Paulo, Brazil .... Dichotomius (Selenocopris) alvarengai Maldaner, Nunes and Vaz-de-Mello 2015</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C226743CF05FF95FF45FBEE424DF9D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Maldaner, Maria Eduarda;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.	Maldaner, Maria Eduarda, Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. (2022): New data and species for the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Journal of Natural History 55 (47 - 48): 2999-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2025941, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2025941
2C226743CF07FF92FE99FC4B4756FA1E.text	2C226743CF07FF92FE99FC4B4756FA1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomius (Selenocopris) geraldimi Maldaner & Vaz-de-Mello 2022	<div><p>Dichotomius (Selenocopris) geraldimi sp. nov.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais. Santana do Riacho. PN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.540554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.239166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.540554/lat -19.239166)">Serra do Cipó</a> C 5. 19°14 ʹ 21”S; 43° 32 ʹ 26”W. 1309 m. ii-2014. L.F. Ferreira [♂ CEMT].</p><p>Paratypes: Same data as holotype [5♂ 12♀ CEMT] . Same data, but ii-2015. [2♀ CEMT] . Same locality, but C12. 19°14 ʹ 46”S; 43°33 ʹ 08”W. 1267 m. ii-2014. L.F. Ferreira. [1♂ CEMT] . Same data, but ii-2015. [1♀ CEMT] . Same locality, but C13. 19°14 ʹ 38”S; 43°33 ʹ 14”W. 1290 m. ii-2015. L.F. Ferreira. [1♀ CEMT] .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Dichotomius (S.) geraldimi is readily diagnosed within the species group by the following combination of characters: body surface dark blue or green (Figure 2 (a–b)). Frontoclypeal region of males with conical process laterally compressed. Females with a high transverse clypeofrontal process very weakly emarginate at apex. Pronotal surface uniformly covered by simple punctures, including anterior angles and lateral portions (Figure 2).</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype. Male: Length: 14.3 mm. Maximum width of pronotum: 8.8 mm. Surface sericeous, with strong blue tinge. Head: Clypeogenal junction rounded. Clypeofrontal junction with a central acuminate conical elevation. Clypeus with simple shallow punctures, surface with irregularly reticulate microscuplture. Thorax: anteromedial projection rounded, very weakly emarginate apically, forming two rounded, barely distinguishable lobes. Anterior side of pronotum with two strong depressions below projection, separated by a vertical region as wide as half width of central lobe and connected to it. Pronotal disc, posterior and lateral borders with simple and evenly spaced punctures, more closely spaced anteriorly and laterally. Anterior angles right. Hypomeron with dark brown to black setae, dense and similar to those on metasternum and femora, some visible from dorsal view, surface with simple sparse punctures in the middle and medially, ocellate and closer anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. Mesosternum covered by ocellate punctures with dense setae. Metasternum densely setose laterally and close to anterior region, setae similar to those on hypomeron, femora and mesepisternum. Mesometasternal suture distinct. Elytral striae deeply impressed, defined by simple punctures spaced by at least four times their diameter. Interstriae finely and sparsely punctured. Legs: Ventral surface of profemur with strong ocellate punctures posteriorly and apically. Meso- and metafemora with few setose punctures, concentrated apically. Anterior and posterior borders of femora with dense, dark brown to black setae. Mesotibiae with blue sheen. Abdomen: Sixth ventrite strongly shortened medially, lateral regions of ventrites with setae. Anterior margin of ventrites with a row of punctures. Pygidium as long as wide, covered by fine and equally spaced punctures (30×), with weak purple/violet sheen. Parameres: Paramera subtriangular, 2/3 as long as phallobase. In ventral view, lateral sclerotised region of paramera basally excavated. In lateral view, apex of parameres dorsoventrally flattened. In dorsal view, apexes laterally expanded with external margins rounded.</p><p>Variation</p><p>Total length varying from 11.5 to 14.3 mm. Small males have cephalic tubercle reduced and pronotal projection reduced. Females differ from males by cephalic tubercle wider and slightly bilobed in larger individuals, weakly emarginated in smaller ones, with paired lobes directed upward. Pronotum with weak projections and excavations in the same regions as males. Sixth sternite almost twice as large as fifth medially.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Prof . Dr . G. (‘Geraldim’) Wilson Fernandes, from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), for his great efforts over the last several decades to work and gather people working on the ecology and conservation of the region where this species was collected (all type specimens mentioned in this study were collected by his research group) .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from Serra do Cipó, one of the southernmost parts of the huge and complex Espinhaço range in the Eastern part of the Cerrado and Southern Caatinga of Brazil (Figure 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C226743CF07FF92FE99FC4B4756FA1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Maldaner, Maria Eduarda;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.	Maldaner, Maria Eduarda, Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. (2022): New data and species for the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Journal of Natural History 55 (47 - 48): 2999-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2025941, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2025941
2C226743CF01FF91FF52FA524261FE6A.text	2C226743CF01FF91FF52FA524261FE6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dichotomius (Selenocopris) malyi Maldaner, Nunes, and Vaz-de-Mello 2015	<div><p>Dichotomius (Selenocopris) malyi Maldaner, Nunes and Vaz-de-Mello, 2015</p><p>Non-type material: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Campos Altos . Parque Estadual de Campos Altos . 19°43 ʹ 45”S; 46°07 ʹ 32”W. 16.i.2014. L.D.L. Cardoso. [4♂ 2♀ CEMT] . Same locality, but 19° 43 ʹ 14”S; 46°07 ʹ 38”W. 16.i.2014. L.D.L. Cardoso. [2♂ CEMT] . Same county, but Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Estadual de Campos Altos . 19°44 ʹ 49”S; 46°05 ʹ 42”W. 16.iv.2015. TMB Eleutério. [3♂ 1♀ CEMT] .</p><p>Comments</p><p>The labels of the type material of D . malyi indicate ‘ São Paulo’ as the collecting locality (with no further data) . Here, we provide for the first time an exact, additional location of collection for this species . Dichotomius malyi was recently re-collected in and around the Parque Estadual de Campos Altos, in Campos Altos municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (approximately 950 m elevation) (Figure1) . This locality is about 125 km north-east from the border of São Paulo State and then on the other side of Serra da Canastra; thus, D . malyi is not likely to occur in São Paulo State. The original description applies well to all examined specimens, yet larger individuals bear more pronounced conical cephalic process in males and cephalic knob in females. Size variation: 11 mm to 13 mm .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C226743CF01FF91FF52FA524261FE6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Maldaner, Maria Eduarda;Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.	Maldaner, Maria Eduarda, Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. (2022): New data and species for the Dichotomius speciosus (Waterhouse, 1891) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Journal of Natural History 55 (47 - 48): 2999-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2025941, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2025941
