identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FB74B28987F4540C93D21E3DF4DE3E0F.text	FB74B28987F4540C93D21E3DF4DE3E0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loveridgacris impotens (Karsch 1888)	<div><p>Loveridgacris impotens (Karsch, 1888)</p><p>Figs 1 E, F; 2 C, F, I, 3 F, 4 C, D, 6 C, F, I, L, 7 C, F, I</p><p>Petasia impotens Karsch, 1888</p><p>Parapetasia impotens Karsch</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Deutsch-Ostafrika [German East Africa]. • 1 male; Uzigna [Usegna]; MfN.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Loveridgacris ulugurensis Rehn (1953): 124, 126, pl. 2: f. 18 and 19, pl. 3: f. 23 and 24. Kevan et al. (1972): 223, 229.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Deutsch-Ostafrika [German East Africa]. • 1 male; Uzigna [Usegna]; MfN . • 1 male; Amani; 26 Nov. 1906; S. G. Vosseler leg.; MfN . • 1 male; Amani; 1 Nov. 1906; S. G. Vosseler leg.; MfN . • 1 male, 1 female; Amani; Nov. 1906; Vosseler S. G. leg.; MfN . • 2 males; Amani; Nov. 1907; S. G. Vosseler leg.; MfN . • 1 female; Amani; 16 Jan. 1906; S. G. Vosseler leg.; MfN . • 1 male; Amani; 30 Nov. – 5 Dec. 1906; S. G. Vosseler leg.; MfN . • 1 male; Amani; S. G. Vosseler leg.; MfN . • 1 male; Amani; 20 Nov. – 5 Dec. 1906; S. G. Vosseler leg.; MfN . • 1 male, 6 females, 1 nymph; Amani; S. G. Vosseler leg.; MfN. Tanzania . • 1 male; Uluguru-Berge; 11 Dec. 1998; S. Götze leg.; MfN. Deutsch-Ostafrika [German East Africa] . • 1 female; Sigital; Jul. 1903; S. Götze; MfN . • 1 female; Muoa, Bez. langa; S. Fischer; MfN . • 1 female; V. Karger leg.; MfN . • 2 males, 3 females; 1903, vend. 1 Apr. 1911; Dr F. Eichelbaum; ZMH. Tanzania . • 1 female; Usambara Nguelo; S. Heinsen; MfN . • 1 female; Usambara Nguelo; 14 Jun. 1905; H. Rolle leg.; ZMH. Deutsch-Ostafrika [German East Africa] . • 4 males; 1908; S. G. Vosseler; MfN .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Male. Body: robust, depressed, with strongly rugose and tuberculated integument. Head (Fig. 1 F, 2 C, F, I): acutely conical; fastigium of vertex slightly curved upward, flat, slightly concave in basal part, with rounded apex in dorsal view; antennae thick, shorter than head and pronotum together, with short transverse or subtransverse segments, the last apical segment being distinctly longer than others; eyes oval, of moderate size. Thorax (Figs 2 F, I, 3 F, 4 C, D): pronotum less testaceous, not deeply and concavely saddle-shaped, with large inflation in front of first sulcus, moderately rugose with slightly pointed tubercles; posterior part of metazonal disc not swollen or raised dorsally; median carinae interrupted, lateral carinae absent; lower margins of lateral lobes of pronotum rather angular; prozona shorter than metazona; median posterior margin of metazona not emarginate; prosternal process very short, triangular, expanded at its base with angular apex; mesosternal interspace wider than long. Legs (Figs 2 F, I, 3 F, 4 C, D): hind femur slender; upper-median margin of hind femora flat, not raised, almost of equal height to upper-external margin; obliquely expanded area at the base of hind femur less pronounced; external apical spine of hind tibiae present; hind tarsal segments not elongate. Elytra (Figs 1 F, 2 F, I, 4 C, D): shortened or brachypterous, slightly elongated and strongly reticulated, reaching dorsally the third abdominal tergite, with evenly rounded posterior margins. Abdomen (Figs 2 F, I, 3 F, 4 C, D): often annulated; abdominal tergites each with a trigonal medio-dorsal tubercle; male subgenital plate compressed toward apex above, margins fused but not separated; male supra-anal plate conical; male cerci conical (Fig. 7 C). Epiphallus (Fig. 6 C): bridge wide or broad, its anterior margin emarginate, and posterior margin almost straight; anterior projections large, fairly prominent; lateral plates almost divergent, its external margins slightly expanded; lophi of larger size, upcurved and anteriorly directed with acute apex; appendices divergent, with broad apical lobes bearing long terminal processes, attached submarginally to the anterior projections and lying close to the lateral plates. Ectophallus (Fig. 7 F, I, L): elongate, stout; central membrane broad, marked at its lateral margins by furrows; zygoma narrow; suprazygomal plate narrow, slightly shorter than the zygoma, with rather widely rounded apex; apodemal plate broad and rounded in lateral view, lobes slightly produced ventrally, the apices fairly wide apart, without anterior blunt points; valves of cingulum of smaller size, divergent in dorsal view; rami of cingulum extending into sheath; sheath wide, inner margins fairly close to each other; dorsal cleft of cingulum large; ventral cleft of cingulum of moderate size; suprarami well developed, large; sheats well developed; ventral process of cingulum rather subtriangular, broadly covering the endophallic apodemes, slender, but not reaching or extending beyond endophallic apodemes in ventral view; basal emargination of cingulum shallow. Endophallus (Fig. 7 F, I, L): endophallic apodemes moderately produced forward ventrally, rather broad, and reaching the basal emargination of cingulum; aedeagal valves of smaller size, broad, with button-like apices, and with ventrolaterally directed process in its distal part; aedeagal sclerites stout, slender, and curved; pseudoarch small, distinct, broad; spermatophore sac small, ovoid, extending beyond the lateral limits of endophallic apodemes; gonopore distally placed.</p><p>Female. As for male, but larger. Abdomen (Figs 4 D, 7 F): ovipositor valves large, not sinuate; subgenital plate without a carina, its posterior margin rounded and smooth; egg-guide prominent, conical, and highly elongated; median longitudinal groove of genital chamber slender. Genitalia (Fig. 7 I): spermatheca thick, lacking an apical pocket, with a laminated appearance in the apical part; spermatheca duct slender, secondary diverticulum of spermathecal appendage of varying shape.</p><p>Color. General coloration brownish or reddish; eyes entirely black; head dark-red or brownish; labium, labrum, and mandible blackish; elytra light brown with dark-brown veins; lower-external, lower-internal, and medial-internal areas of hind femora blackish; hind tibiae sometimes brown in basal half and black in apical half.</p><p>Female. Antennae reddish brown; pronotum brown with dark-red tubercles; fore and middle femora, outer-medial, upper-external, and upper-internal areas of hind femora dark-red; fore and middle tibiae dark red; hind tibiae all brown in basal 2 / 3 and black in apical parts; tarsi blackish or dark-red; abdomen brownish; the posterior margins of the segments marked by red lines.</p><p>Male. Antenna light-brown; pronotum brownish with light-red tubercles in male; fore and middle femora, outer-medial, upper-external, and upper-internal areas of hind femora light-red; fore and middle tibiae light-red; hind tibiae all light-red in outer area and black in inner area; tarsi blackish or brownish.</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male. Body length 50.88–60.19 mm; Female. Body length 48.72–63.69 mm. Adults of L. impotens exhibit significant size variation in both males and females. Table 1 provides detailed measurements of various body parts for this species.</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>(Fig. 8). Loveridgacris impotens is a species that is found in East Africa. The species is known only from some of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania, on Zanzibar, and the Shimba Hills of Kenya.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Loveridgacris impotens is a geophilous species found in lowland wet forests. The species produces the toxic foams (see the black arrow on Fig. 1 F) by combining haemolymph with air through the spiracles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB74B28987F4540C93D21E3DF4DE3E0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine;Husemann, Martin;Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard;Missoup, Alain Didier;Kenne, Martin;Tindo, Maurice;Hawlitschek, Oliver;Duressa, Tarekegn Fite;Xu, Sheng-Quan;Zhu, Wenhui;Hemp, Claudia	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Husemann, Martin, Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard, Missoup, Alain Didier, Kenne, Martin, Tindo, Maurice, Hawlitschek, Oliver, Duressa, Tarekegn Fite, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Zhu, Wenhui, Hemp, Claudia (2024): Integrative taxonomic revision of the grasshopper genera Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884, and Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954 (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae), with description of a new species of Loveridgacris. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (2): 265-287, DOI: 10.3897/dez.71.125877
FFECD242BD735CEBA4C58CDA079711BD.text	FFECD242BD735CEBA4C58CDA079711BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loveridgacris Rehn 1954	<div><p>Genus Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954</p><p>Parapetasia (Loveridgea) Rehn (1953)</p><p>Parapetasia (Loveridgacris) Rehn (1954)</p><p>Parapetasia (Loveridgeacris) Kevan (1962) (subsequent misspelling)</p><p>Parapetasia (Loveridgacris): Akbar &amp; Kevan, (1964)</p><p>Diagnosis of the genus Loveridgacris .</p><p>Fastigium of vertex rounded apically; tegmina brachypterous and slightly reticulated; eyes ovate and not prominent; posterior part of metazona not notably raised nor swollen, its median margin not emarginate; hind femora upper-median margin flat, not raised; male subgenital plate with fused margins; epiphallic bridge wide or broad; appendices divergent; ectophallus elongate; ventral process of cingulum subtriangular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FFECD242BD735CEBA4C58CDA079711BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine;Husemann, Martin;Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard;Missoup, Alain Didier;Kenne, Martin;Tindo, Maurice;Hawlitschek, Oliver;Duressa, Tarekegn Fite;Xu, Sheng-Quan;Zhu, Wenhui;Hemp, Claudia	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Husemann, Martin, Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard, Missoup, Alain Didier, Kenne, Martin, Tindo, Maurice, Hawlitschek, Oliver, Duressa, Tarekegn Fite, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Zhu, Wenhui, Hemp, Claudia (2024): Integrative taxonomic revision of the grasshopper genera Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884, and Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954 (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae), with description of a new species of Loveridgacris. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (2): 265-287, DOI: 10.3897/dez.71.125877
464F4730F67C58A0945C8B5DFC83AF2C.text	464F4730F67C58A0945C8B5DFC83AF2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loveridgacris tectiferus Yetchom Fondjo & Husemann & Nzoko Fiemapong & Missoup & Kenne & Tindo & Hawlitschek & Duressa & Xu & Zhu & Hemp 2024	<div><p>Loveridgacris tectiferus Hemp sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3 A – H, 4 A, B, 5 C, D</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Tanzania. • male; Udzungwa Mountains, Mang´ula; in disturbed lowland wet forest at border to National Park; Sep. 2022; Claudia Hemp leg.; Depository: CCH.</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>Tanzania. • 2 females; same data as for holotype. Depository: CCH .</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>(mm) Males (n = 1): Body length: 51.20; Median length of pronotum: 13.60; length of hind femur: 25.00. Females (n = 2): Body length: 47.70–53.60; Median length of pronotum: 21.50–21.70; length of hind femur: 23.90–24.60.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Loveridgacris tectiferus sp. nov. can be distinguished from L. impotens by the coloration of the antennae and hind tibiae. In L. impotens, the antennae are light or reddish brown, while in L. tectiferus sp. nov., segments alternate between black and orange (Fig. 4 C, D). Similarly, the hind tibiae are uniformly brown and become darker at their apical parts in L. impotens, but are black with a median dull orange part in L. tectiferus sp. nov. The most noticeable difference between the two species is the shape of the tegmina, which are lobe-like and attached to the abdomen in L. impotens, while tectiform in L. tectiferus sp. nov. Both species are very similar in the overall shape of the head, pronotum, legs, and body, as well as in the tegminal pattern of darker veins on a light brown ground and their size. The epiphallus of both species is also very similar, consisting of hooked lophi and elongate appendices with bulbous end parts. However, in L. tectiferus sp. nov., the lophi are slender, and the hooks are slightly longer than those in L. impotens . Additionally, the appendices of the epiphallus are stouter in L. impotens, and the bridge of the epiphallus is slightly longer than that in L. tectiferus sp. nov. (see Fig. 5 F and 6 C for comparison).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. General coloration. Overall, color brown with antennae with conspicuously black and orange colored segments. Eyes and labrum black. Hind femora ventrally black, hind tibiae black with dull orange middle part (Fig. 4 A). Head and antennae. Antennae thick, rod-like with basal segments black, and then alternating one or two segments orange and black (Fig. 3 A, C). Antennae slightly shorter than head and pronotum together. Fastigium of vertex upcurved, slightly concave in the middle, with acute-angular apex. Frons incurved. Frontal ridge narrow, constricted between antennae (Fig. 3 A). Pronotum and wings. Pronotum in front of first sulcus with large hump, remaining pronotum strongly rugose with elevated ridges and tubercles. Median carina irregular, obtuse, lateral carinae absent. Posterior margin of pronotum with ridge-like tubercles along the edge. Prosternal process low, subpyramidal. Mesosternal interspace wider than long, with deep grooves (Fig. 3 E). Tegmina tectiform, shortened, slightly exceeding abdominal segment 3. Hind wings absent. Abdomen. All abdominal segments with dorsal tubercles. Male supra-anal plate triangular (Fig. 5 A), cerci laterally compressed, black, with blunt apex. Subgenital plate obtusely conical (Fig. 5 B). Internal morphology. Epiphallus typical for Dictyophorini . Lophi of epiphallus strongly sclerotized with well-developed dorsolaterally directed apical hooks. Appendix of the epiphallus with angular externolateral sclerotized processes running parallel to the lophi; apices knob-like with ventral directed dent. Bridge little sclerotized and comparatively narrow.</p><p>Female. Larger and stouter than the male, with the same coloration as male; predominantly brown with antennae with black and orange segments, black eyes, and labrum. Underside of hind femora black, hind tibia black with median dull orange part (Fig. 4 B). Antennae, head, and pronotum as male. Supra-anal plate triangular with blunt apex (Fig. 5 C). Cerci laterally compressed, black (Fig. 5 C, D). Ovipositor valves black, straight, rounded, with blunt apices (Fig. 5 C, D).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Latin: - tectum = roof, because of the tectiform-shaped tegmina.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>A geophilous species of lowland wet forest.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>In captivity, individuals have the same preference for monocotyledonous plants as observed for Dictyophorus griseus (Rowell et al. 2015) . Even when offered various other plants, they preferred to feed on Liliaceae leaves and flowers. Mating took approximately half an hour, and the male sat on top of the female, bending its abdomen under that of the female for copulation (Fig. 5 E). Even when roughly handled, no reflex bleeding was observed, as is common in other Dictyophorini species and also observed in L. impotens (Fig. 1 F).</p><p>Nymphs. Unknown but are probably similar to nymphs of L. impotens (Fig. 1 E).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Tanzania, Udzungwa Mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/464F4730F67C58A0945C8B5DFC83AF2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine;Husemann, Martin;Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard;Missoup, Alain Didier;Kenne, Martin;Tindo, Maurice;Hawlitschek, Oliver;Duressa, Tarekegn Fite;Xu, Sheng-Quan;Zhu, Wenhui;Hemp, Claudia	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Husemann, Martin, Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard, Missoup, Alain Didier, Kenne, Martin, Tindo, Maurice, Hawlitschek, Oliver, Duressa, Tarekegn Fite, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Zhu, Wenhui, Hemp, Claudia (2024): Integrative taxonomic revision of the grasshopper genera Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884, and Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954 (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae), with description of a new species of Loveridgacris. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (2): 265-287, DOI: 10.3897/dez.71.125877
8D6CE9FCCAFD585AB2EAF44758EA63EA.text	8D6CE9FCCAFD585AB2EAF44758EA63EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parapetasia Bolivar 1884	<div><p>Genus Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884</p><p>Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884 (type species: Parapetasia femorata Bolívar, 1884 b, by monotypy).</p><p>Parapetasia (Parapetasia) Rehn, 1953</p><p>Parapetasia (Loveridgea) Rehn, 1953</p><p>Parapetasia (Loveridgacris) Rehn, 1954</p><p>Diagnosis of the genus Parapetasia Bolívar.</p><p>Fastigium of vertex triangular; tegmina vestigial, or if brachypterous, strongly reticulated; the eyes small, hemispherical, and prominent; posterior part of metazona raised, swollen, with median margin slightly or strongly emarginate; hind femora upper-median margin distinctly raised; male subgenital plate with slightly incised and parallel margins; epiphallic bridge narrow; appendices subparallel; ectophallus short; ventral process of cingulum broadly triangular.</p><p>Differential diagnoses for species of Parapetasia .</p><p>Parapetasia femorata can be easily distinguished from Parapetasia rammei by the following characters: tegmina dark brown, strongly reduced, vestigial, (yellow ‒ brown with brown veins, shortened or brachypterous, semilobed in P. rammei); first and / or second abdominal segments with a lateral black band behind the insertion points of the femora (absent in P. rammei); anterior projections of epiphallus large (small in P. rammei); lateral plates subparallel (oblique or divergent in P. rammei); lophi large, strongly curved (very small, slightly curved in P. rammei); suprazygomal plate widely rounded (U-shapedin P. rammei); apodemal lobes only slightly produced ventrally (strongly produced ventrally in P. rammei); basal emargination of cingulum shallow (very deep in P. rammei); endophallic apodemes short (strongly elongate or slender in P. rammei).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D6CE9FCCAFD585AB2EAF44758EA63EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine;Husemann, Martin;Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard;Missoup, Alain Didier;Kenne, Martin;Tindo, Maurice;Hawlitschek, Oliver;Duressa, Tarekegn Fite;Xu, Sheng-Quan;Zhu, Wenhui;Hemp, Claudia	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Husemann, Martin, Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard, Missoup, Alain Didier, Kenne, Martin, Tindo, Maurice, Hawlitschek, Oliver, Duressa, Tarekegn Fite, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Zhu, Wenhui, Hemp, Claudia (2024): Integrative taxonomic revision of the grasshopper genera Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884, and Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954 (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae), with description of a new species of Loveridgacris. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (2): 265-287, DOI: 10.3897/dez.71.125877
DDB753B579E259E7B47558E1CD374922.text	DDB753B579E259E7B47558E1CD374922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parapetasia femorata Bolivar 1884	<div><p>Parapetasia femorata Bolívar, 1884</p><p>Figs 1 A, B, 2 A, D, G, 6 A, D, G, J, 7 A, D, G</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Gabon • ♀; 6687; Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria.</p><p>Synonyms.</p><p>Parapetasia (Parapetasia) calabarica Rehn, 1953: 121, 122–124, pl. 2: f. 17, pl. 3: f. 26. Kevan et al. (1974): 229; Kevan (1977): 318 (new synonym).</p><p>Parapetasia rammei Sjöstedt, 1923, p. 10 –11, pl. 1: f. 1, 2. Kevan et al. (1974): 229; Kevan (1977): 318 (new synonym).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Cameroon • 1 male, 1 female; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.45/lat 4.45)">Iboti in the Ebo Forest</a>; 4.450°N, 10.450°E; 736 m; 07 Jan. 2022; J. A. Yetchom Fondjo leg. and A. R. Nzoko leg.; SMNK; CMJ 244 . • 1 female; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.45/lat 4.45)">Iboti in the Ebo Forest</a>; 4.450°N, 10.450°E; 736 m; 07 Jan. 2022; J. A. Yetchom Fondjo leg.; SMNK; CMJ 245 . • 1 female; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.733&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.371" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.733/lat 3.371)">Somalomo in the Dja Biosphere Reserve</a>; 3.371°N, 12.733°E; 06 Jun. 2022; A. R. Nzoko leg.; SMNK; CMJ 1439 . • 1 male; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.42/lat 4.35)">Bekob in the Ebo Forest</a>; 4.350°N, 10.420°E; 936 m; 20 Mar. 2021; J. A. Yetchom Fondjo leg.; SMNK; CMJ 598 . • 6 females; Mukondje Farm, Mundame-Mungo Fluss; 25 Nov. 1904; R. Rohde leg.; ZMH . • 1 male, 4 females and 1 nymph; Esosung, Bakossi-Gebirge; 10 Sep. 1909; C. Räthke leg.; ZMH . • 3 males, 4 females, 4 nymphs; Esosung, Bakossi-Gebirge; 01 Nov. 1912; R. Rohde leg.; ZMH . • 1 male; Esosung, Bakossi-Gebirge; 1913; ZMH . • 2 females; Esosung, Bakossi-Gebirge; 1930; O. Kröber leg.; ZMH . • 3 males; Buea, south-West; 1891; S. Preuss leg.; MfN . • 1 male, 3 females; South; 1891; S. Preuss leg.; MfN . • 1 male, 1 female; Station Jaunde [Yaoundé], Centre; Mar. 1997; V. Carnap S. G. leg.; MfN . • 1 male, 1 female; Dibongo of Sanaga, Littoral; Ld. Kam leg.; MfN . • 1 male, 1 female; Lolodorf, South; L. Conradt S. leg.; MfN . • 1 female; Victoria [Limbe], south-West; S. Preuss leg.; MfN . • 1 female; Barombi station, south-West; Preuss S. leg.; MfN . • 1 male; Duala [Douala], Littoral; Dr Schäfer leg.; MfN . • 1 female; Nlobe-Ndunge; 500–700 m from Edea-Douala, Littoral; Dr Schäfer leg.; MfN . • 1 female; Longi; Jun. 1904; MfN . • 1 nymph; Japoma, Littoral; Dr Schäfer leg.; MfN . • 1 nymph; Victoria [Limbé], south-West; Jan. 1898 –1899; MfN . • 2 females; north Mundame, Elephantensee; 21 Jan. – 15 Feb. 1996; S. Conradt leg.; MfN . • 1 female; Buea, south-West; MfN . • 1 female; Mundame; 1896; MfN . • 2 males; Bissika, Span. Guinea; Dr Escherich leg.; MfN .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Male. Body: robust, depressed, with very finely or moderately rugose and tuberculated integument. Head (Figs 1 A, 2 A, D, G): acutely conical; fastigium of vertex slightly curved upwards, flat, slightly concave in basal part, distinctly triangular, narrowing toward apex (Fig. 2 D); frontal carina hardly visible; antennae thick, shorter, or only slightly longer than head and pronotum together, with short transverse or subtransverse segments, the last apical segment being distinctly longer than others. Thorax (Fig. 2 D, G): pronotum with large inflation in front of first sulcus, strongly tuberculated in anterior part of prozona and posterior part of metazona, with the posterior part of the prozona and anterior part of the metazona being very finely tuberculated; median carinae inconspicuous and interrupted, lateral carinae absent; inferior margins of lateral lobes of pronotum straight; prozona shorter than metazona; posterior margin of metazona strongly emarginate; prosternal process very short, subacute or obtuse-angular; mesosternal interspace wider than long. Legs (Fig. 2 D, G): hind femur slender, its external area not expanded, its upper-median margin distinctly raised; obliquely expanded area at the base of hind femur strongly pronounced; external apical spine of hind tibiae present; hind tarsal segments not elongate. Elytra (Fig. 2 G): strongly reduced, micropterous, not reaching point of insertion of metathoracic legs, with rounded posterior margins. Abdomen (Fig. 2 D): often annulated; abdominal tergites each with a trigonal medio-dorsal tubercle; male supra-anal plate subtriangular; male subgenital plate compressed toward apex above, margins slightly incised, parallel; male cerci conical (Fig. 7 A). Epiphallus (Fig. 6 A): bridge narrow, its anterior margin emarginate; anterior projections large, fairly prominent, not broadly rounded; appendices broad, subparallel, with apical lobes having smaller and broader processes, attached marginally to the basal part of the lateral plates; lateral plates subparallel, almost straight, directed posteriorly, with external margins not expanded; lophi large, strongly curved upward, anteriorly directed with acute apex. Ectophallus (Fig. 6 D, G, J): central membrane fairly narrow, rather triangular or subtriangular, marked at its lateral margins by furrows; zygoma broadly transverse, not extending halfway along the cingulum; suprazygomal plate widely rounded, moderately wide, highly shorter than the zygoma; apodemal lobes only slightly produced ventrally, the apices fairly wide apart; valves of cingulum small, narrow, and divergent in dorsal view; rami of cingulum rather broad in dorsal view, extending into sheath; dorsal cleft of cingulum rather narrow, ventral cleft small; suprarami well developed; basal emargination of cingulum shallow; sheats rather well developed; ventral process of cingulum short, not reaching the apex of endophallic apodemes nor the basal thickening of cingulum in ventral view. Endophallus (Fig. 6 D, G, J): endophallic apodemes broad or stout, rather short, not reaching the basal emargination of cingulum in ventral; aedeagal valves narrow, slender with button-like apices; aedeagal sclerites stout and shorter, ventrally directed; spermatophore sac small, ovoid, not extending beyond the lateral limits of endophallic apodemes; gonopore at the middle.</p><p>Female. As in male, but larger. Abdomen (Fig. 7 D): subgenital plate in female without carina or keel, its posterior margin rounded and smooth; egg guide prominent, conical, and slightly elongated; ovipositor valves large, not sinuate. Genitalia (Fig. 7 G): spermatheca thick, lacking an apical pocket, with a laminated appearance in the apical part; median longitudinal groove of genital chamber reduced; spermatheca duct short, with an elongate, terminally thickened region; secondary diverticulum of spermathecal appendage of varying shape.</p><p>Color. Predominantly brownish, sometimes with orange or red markings; eyes entirely black in adults; antennal scape black; head brownish, margin of vertex, antennae light brown or dark brown in some parts in adults; sternum light brown and black in some parts; dorsal part of mesothorax with a broad black band bordered laterally by the elytra; elytra dark brown; first and / or second abdominal segments with a lateral black band behind the insertion points of the femora; lower external, lower internal, and medial internal hind femoral areas blackish; fore and middle femora, outer-medial, upper-external and upper-internal areas of hind femora dark-brown; hind tibiae light brown; tarsi light brown; cerci black.</p><p>Nymph (Fig. 1 A). Eyes dark-red; antennae predominantly black with yellow apex; hind knee predominantly yellow with black median mark.</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male. Body length 37.80–40.45 mm; Female. Body length 45.98–62.69 mm. Adult P. femorata individuals exhibit very large size variations in both sexes. Additional information on the measurements is given in Table 1.</p><p>The measurements represent the average value of the different body parts plus the standard deviation (SD). The range reffers to the minimum and maximum values.</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>(Fig. 8). Parapetasia femorata has been recorded from Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Equatorial Guinea. In Cameroon, P. femorata was discovered in two localities within the proposed Ebo Forest, namely, Bekob and Iboti, as well as in Somalomo, a location within the Dja Biosphere Reserve, and Ngoutadjap and Zamakoe.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Parapetasia femorata is distributed throughout the lowlands of West and Central Africa and is exclusively found in forest habitats with a closed canopy and close proximity to marshy areas, where litter is abundant. Within forest habitats, the species is geophilous. Parapetasia femorata is present throughout the year in Cameroon, with the highest abundance observed during the dry season from November to January. This species is known to produce foamy secretions on tergites 3 and 4.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDB753B579E259E7B47558E1CD374922	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine;Husemann, Martin;Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard;Missoup, Alain Didier;Kenne, Martin;Tindo, Maurice;Hawlitschek, Oliver;Duressa, Tarekegn Fite;Xu, Sheng-Quan;Zhu, Wenhui;Hemp, Claudia	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Husemann, Martin, Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard, Missoup, Alain Didier, Kenne, Martin, Tindo, Maurice, Hawlitschek, Oliver, Duressa, Tarekegn Fite, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Zhu, Wenhui, Hemp, Claudia (2024): Integrative taxonomic revision of the grasshopper genera Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884, and Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954 (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae), with description of a new species of Loveridgacris. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (2): 265-287, DOI: 10.3897/dez.71.125877
2ED22B0E776E5CB181B9E55B6611E4CB.text	2ED22B0E776E5CB181B9E55B6611E4CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parapetasia rammei Sjostedt 1923	<div><p>Parapetasia rammei Sjöstedt, 1923</p><p>Figs 1 C, D, 2 B, E, H, 6 B, E, H, K, 7 B, E, H</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Cameroon • ♀; Bare-Dschang, [Stockholm]</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>Cameroon • 1 ♂, Bamenda; Adametz S. G. leg.; MfN URL: http://cool.mfn-berlin.de/u/bb659e [MfN] . • 1 ♀; Bangwe; 1000 m; Mitte V-Mitte VI. 99 [mid-May. – mid-Jun. 1999]; G. Conrau S. leg.; MfN URL: http://cool.mfn-berlin.de/u/d4c8af [MfN] .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Cameroon. • 1 male; Bamenda; Adametz S. G. leg.; URL: http://cool.mfn-berlin.de/u/bb659e (MfN) . • 1 female; Bangwe; 1000 m; Mitte V – Mitte VI. 99 [mid-May. – mid-Jun. 1999]; G. Conrau S. leg.; URL: http://cool.mfn-berlin.de/u/d4c8af (MfN) . • 1 female; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.246/lat 5.362)">Fotouni</a>, West; 5.362°N, 10.246°E; 15 Jun. 2020; J. A. Yetchom Fondjo; SMNK; CMJ 678 . • 1 female; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.246/lat 5.362)">Fotouni</a>, West; 5.362°N, 10.246°E; 13 Aug. 2020; J. A. Yetchom Fondjo leg.; SMNK; CMJ 61 . • 2 males, 2 females; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.246/lat 5.362)">Fotouni</a>, West; 5.362°N, 10.246°E; 16 Jan. 2021; J. A. Yetchom Fondjo; SMNK; CMJ 679 . • 1 female; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.246/lat 5.362)">Fotouni</a>, West; 5.362°N, 10.246°E; 14 Mar. 2022; J. A. Yetchom Fondjo; SMNK; CMJ 63 . • 2 females; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.246&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.246/lat 5.362)">Fotouni</a>, West; 5.362°N, 10.246°E; 15 Mar. 2022; J. A. Yetchom Fondjo; SMNK; CMJ 64 .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Male. Body: robust, depressed, with strongly rugose and tuberculated integument. Head (Fig. 2 B, E, H): acutely conical; fastigium of vertex slightly curved upwards, flat, slightly concave in basal part, distinctly triangular and narrowing toward apex; antennae thick, shorter than head and pronotum together, with short transverse or subtransverse segments, the last apical segment being distinctly longer than others. Thorax (Fig. 2 E, H): pronotum with large inflation in front of first sulcus, strongly and intensely rugose with more pointed tubercles; median carinae interrupted, lateral carinae absent; inferior margins of lateral lobes of pronotum straight; prozona shorter than metazona; posterior margin of metazona slightly emarginate in the middle; prosternal process very short, subacute; mesosternal interspace wider than long. Legs (Figs 1 D, 2 E, H): hind femur slender, its external area not expanded; upper-median margin of hind femora distinctly raised; obliquely expanded area at the base of hind femur strongly pronounced; external apical spine of hind tibiae present; hind tarsal segments not elongate. Elytra (Fig. 1 D, 2 E, H): less reticulated, shortened or brachypterous, oval, semilobed, reaching dorsally the third abdominal tergite, anterior margins rather curved, with very broadly rounded posterior margins. Abdomen (Figs 1 D, 2 E, H): often annulated; abdominal tergites each with a trigonal medio-dorsal tubercle; male subgenital plate compressed toward apex above, margins slightly incised, parallel; male supra-anal plate conical; male cerci (Fig. 7 B) conical, straight. Epiphallus (Fig. 6 B): bridge narrow, its anterior margin curved emarginate, posterior margin almost straight; anterior projections small; lateral plates oblique or divergent, its external margins fairly expanded; appendices of epiphallus narrow, subparallel, with apical lobes having only broader terminal processes, smaller processes absent, attached marginally to the basal part of external expansion of lateral plates, lying marginally to the external expansion of lateral plates; lophi very small or short, slightly curved, and anteriorly directed with acute apex. Ectophallus (Fig. 6 E, H, K): central membrane fairly narrow, subtriangular, marked at its lateral margins by furrows; zygoma broadly transverse, not extending halfway along the cingulum; suprazygomal plate rather U-shaped, slightly shorter than the zygoma; apodemal plates strongly produced ventrally, the apices fairly close to each other; valves of cingulum of smaller size, narrow, divergent in dorsal view; rami of cingulum narrow in dorsal view; dorsal cleft of cingulum large, ventral cleft narrow; suprarami well developed, large; sheats of moderate size, the inner margins separated from each other; ventral process of cingulum broadly triangular, slender, almost exceeding beyond endophallic apodemes in ventral view; basal emargination of cingulum very deep; Endophallus (Fig. 6 E, H, K): endophallic apodemes of medium size, strongly produced forwards ventrally, exceeding beyond the basal emargination of cingulum; aedeagal valves small, short with button-like apices, with ventrolaterally directed process in its distal part; aedeagal sclerites narrow and of moderate size; pseudoarch small; spermatophore sac small, ovoid, not extending beyond the lateral limits of endophallic apodemes; gonopore at the middle.</p><p>Female. Similar to male but larger. Abdomen (Fig. 7 E): ovipositor valves large, not sinuate; subgenital plate without carina, narrowed posteriorly, slightly emarginate at apex; egg guide prominent, conical, and slightly elongated; median longitudinal groove of genital chamber slender. Genitalia (Fig. 7 H): spermatheca thick, lacking an apical pocket, with a laminated appearance in the apical part; spermatheca duct short, secondary diverticulum of spermathecal appendage of varying shape.</p><p>Color. Predominantly grayish; eyes red dark or entirely black in adults; labium, labrum, and mandibles red; hind knee entirely black in adults; elytra yellow-brown with brown veins; cerci yellowish or blackish; abdominal segments all separated by red lines; lower external, lower internal, mid internal, and upper internal hind femoral areas bright black.</p><p>Female. Pronotum testaceous brown with blood-like colored tubercles, more or less blackish below; antennae and legs reddish brown, more or less outlined with red; the outer-medial and upper-external area slightly variegated with yellowish brown, the margins more or less red, the tips of the femora black; hind tibiae all reddish brown, sometimes outlined with a blood-like color.</p><p>Male. Apex of antennae, apical 2 / 3 of hind tibiae, and ankles with blood-like colored tubercles; margin of vertex, lower part of antennae, fore and median femora, upper-external and medio-external areas of hind femora, anterior and median tibiae, and basal part of hind tibiae marked with yellow, especially on ribs.</p><p>Nymph with entirely black antennae, hind knees completely yellow.</p><p>Measurements.</p><p>Male. Body length 32.83–35.37 mm; Female. Body length 43.22–49.73 mm. Adult individuals of P. rammei exhibit very large size variations in both sexes (Table 1).</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Parapetasia rammei (as shown in Fig. 8) is limited to Cameroon. The species has been primarily observed in highland zones and grass fields, specifically in Bare-Dschang (the type locality), Bamenda, Bangwe, Fotouni, and Mt. Manengouba.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Parapetasia rammei is typically associated with highland ecosystems. The species is commonly found on bare ground, low vegetation, and sometimes on shrubs in open vegetation, such as cultivated farms and fallows, as well as in steppe habitats. In its natural habitat, it can be observed throughout the year, with adults being particularly abundant during the rainy season. Nymphs are more commonly found during this period as well. Foamy secretions on tergites 7 and 8 are notable characteristics of the species and are also common in other pyrgomorphid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2ED22B0E776E5CB181B9E55B6611E4CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine;Husemann, Martin;Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard;Missoup, Alain Didier;Kenne, Martin;Tindo, Maurice;Hawlitschek, Oliver;Duressa, Tarekegn Fite;Xu, Sheng-Quan;Zhu, Wenhui;Hemp, Claudia	Yetchom Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Husemann, Martin, Nzoko Fiemapong, Armand Richard, Missoup, Alain Didier, Kenne, Martin, Tindo, Maurice, Hawlitschek, Oliver, Duressa, Tarekegn Fite, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Zhu, Wenhui, Hemp, Claudia (2024): Integrative taxonomic revision of the grasshopper genera Parapetasia Bolívar, 1884, and Loveridgacris Rehn, 1954 (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae), with description of a new species of Loveridgacris. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (2): 265-287, DOI: 10.3897/dez.71.125877
