identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
32734747FF99FFF1FF03FC3559346372.text	32734747FF99FFF1FF03FC3559346372.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cicurina bifurca Liao & Yin & He & Xu 2022	<div><p>Cicurina bifurca Liao &amp; Xu, spec. nov.</p><p>(二歧洞叶Ħ)</p><p>Figures 2–3, 8</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNU608): China, Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Shixing County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.15483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.703167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.15483/lat 24.703167)">Chebaling National Nature Reserve</a>, 24°42.19'N, 114°09.29'E, 532 m, 3 September 2020, Ailan He, Jinxin Liu, Huijuan Sheng, Jia Tang and Yun Liang leg.; Paratypes: 2 males (HNU609–610), with the same data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective “ bifurca ”, meaning “bifurcated”, referring to the shape of the apical part of conductor.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of this new species is similar to that of Cicurina calyciforma Wang &amp; Xu, 1989 . The palps of both species show similar retrolateral tibial apophysis and embolus morphology but are distinguished by the form of the apical end of the conductor: in C. bifurca spec. nov. the apical end is very strongly bifurcate (Figs 2D–F, 3A–C) versus only weakly bifurcate (nearly “normal”) in C. calyciforma (figs 11C–E in Wang et al. 2019).</p><p>Description. Male (Holotype): Total length 4.78, carapace 2.56 long, 2.00 wide, opisthosoma 2.10 long, 1.73 wide. Carapace brown, with light brown thoracic region, and width of eye area equal to half widest part of carapace. AME smaller than other eyes, anterior eye row straight and posterior eye row procurved slightly (Fig. 2C). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.01, ALE 0.15, PME 0.13, PLE 0.14; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.09, PME–PLE 0.05, ALE–PLE 0.05. MOA 0.27 long, anterior width 0.06, posterior width 0.33. Clypeus height 0.20. Chelicerae yellowish-brown, 3 promarginal and 7 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 7.78 (2.20, 0.76, 2.07, 1.78, 0.97); II 7.13 (1.94, 0.72, 1.71, 1.78, 0.98); III 6.01 (1.91, 0.59, 1.39,1,30, 0.82); IV 7.81 (2.44, 0.61, 1.94, 1.72, 1.10). Opisthosoma yellowish, with one pair of brown sigilla dorso-medially.</p><p>Palp (Figs 2D–F, 3A–C). Retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) well developed, distally extended to nearly half of cymbium length, and with a typical Cicurina rolled and thickened retrolateral margin. Spur slightly triangular. Cymbium slightly slender and elongate (length to width ratio about 2:1). Embolus (E) originating at approximately 6 o’clock position, with the first 1/4 wide and the apical 3/4 filamentous, and circling for approximately 270 degrees around tegulum. Conductor (C) well developed, spiraled, and with a bifurcated apical end.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality, China (Guangdong) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32734747FF99FFF1FF03FC3559346372	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Rongrong;Yin, Haiqiang;He, Ailan;Xu, Xiang	Liao, Rongrong, Yin, Haiqiang, He, Ailan, Xu, Xiang (2022): Description of three new species of the genus Cicurina Menge, 1871 from Guangdong, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 5188 (5): 477-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.4
32734747FF99FFF1FF03FD9D597D6739.text	32734747FF99FFF1FF03FD9D597D6739.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cicurina Menge 1871	<div><p>Genus Cicurina Menge, 1871</p><p>Diagnosis. The genus Cicuri na differs from other genera of Hahniidae by the combination of the following characteristics: opisthosoma with little pattern; usual arrangement of spinnerets (Wang et al. 2019); RTA with rolled and thickened retrolateral margin, and conductor variably modified. Cicurina is similar to Hahnia C. L. Koch, 1841 and both genera share some common characteristics: body color from pale-yellow to brown, carapace pyriform or oval, slender embolus, and one or two pairs of oval spermathecae, but can be distinguished by the absence of conductor (Wang et al. 2019) and by having the spinnerets arranged in a row in Hahnia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32734747FF99FFF1FF03FD9D597D6739	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Rongrong;Yin, Haiqiang;He, Ailan;Xu, Xiang	Liao, Rongrong, Yin, Haiqiang, He, Ailan, Xu, Xiang (2022): Description of three new species of the genus Cicurina Menge, 1871 from Guangdong, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 5188 (5): 477-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.4
32734747FF9FFFF5FF03FB7059346201.text	32734747FF9FFFF5FF03FB7059346201.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cicurina spiralis Liao & Yin & He & Xu 2022	<div><p>Cicurina spiralis Liao &amp; Xu, spec. nov.</p><p>(ḄṀ洞叶Ħ)</p><p>Figures 4–5, 8</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (HNU613): China, Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Shixing County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.15483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.703167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.15483/lat 24.703167)">Chebaling National Nature Reserve</a>, 24°42.19'N, 114°09.29'E, 532 m, 3 September 2020, Ailan He, Jinxin Liu, Huijuan Sheng, Jia Tang and Yun Liang leg.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective “ spiralis ” and refers to the spiral apical end of the conductor.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of this new species is similar to those of Cicurina bifurca spec. nov. and C. calyciforma . The palps of these species share similar embolus and RTA morphology, but can be distinguished by the spermophor clearly visible ventrally through the tegular integument and the simple single spiral of the apical end of the conductor with a very small ventral apophysis in C. spiralis spec. nov. (Figs 4D–F, 5A–C), versus spermophor indistinct and the spiraled apical end of the conductor more complex and strongly bifurcated in C. bifurca spec. nov. (Figs 2D–F, 3A–C). The male of this new species is also similar to that of C. calyciforma . Both species share similar RTA morphology and similar spermophor which can be clearly seen through the tegular integument, but can be distinguished by different apical end of the conductor: as is mentioned above in C. spiralis spec. nov. (Figs 4D–F, 5), versus only weakly bifurcate (nearly “normal”) in C. calyciforma (figs 11C–E in Wang et al. 2019).</p><p>Description. Male (Holotype): Total length 2.83, carapace 1.35 long, 1.15 wide, opisthosoma 1.27 long, 1.03 wide. Carapace pyriform and pale. AME smaller than other eyes, and the anterior eye row straight and posterior eye row procurved (Fig. 4C). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.02, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07; AME–AME 0.01, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.04, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–PLE 0.03. MOA 0.15 long, anterior width 0.07, posterior width 0.18. Clypeus height 0.11. Chelicerae yellowish, with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 3.39 (1.06, 0.25, 0.73, 0.79, 0.56); II 3.07 (1.03, 0.17, 0.61, 0.66, 0.60); III 2.91 (0.93, 0.20, 0.72, 0.61, 0.45); IV 3.43 (1.05, 0.26, 0.96, 0.63, 0.53). Opisthosoma oval, slightly dark gray, and without any distinct patterns.</p><p>Palp (Figs 4D–F, 5A–C). Retrolateral tibial apophysis (RTA) well developed, distally extended to nearly half of cymbium length, and with a typical Cicurina rolled and thickened retrolateral margin. Spur slightly triangular. Cymbium slightly short and relatively stout (length to width ratio less than 2:1). Embolus (E) originating at approximately 7 o’clock position, and with the first 1/4 wide and the apical 3/4 filamentous. In ventral view of tegulum, spermophor clearly visible. Conductor (C) with black, spiral apical end slightly extending toward the base of the cymbium; and with a small spiny apophysis ventrally near the apical end.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality, China (Guangdong) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32734747FF9FFFF5FF03FB7059346201	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Rongrong;Yin, Haiqiang;He, Ailan;Xu, Xiang	Liao, Rongrong, Yin, Haiqiang, He, Ailan, Xu, Xiang (2022): Description of three new species of the genus Cicurina Menge, 1871 from Guangdong, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 5188 (5): 477-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.4
32734747FF9DFFFBFF03F9ED5934637D.text	32734747FF9DFFFBFF03F9ED5934637D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cicurina tetragongylodes Liao & Yin & He & Xu 2022	<div><p>Cicurina tetragongylodes Liao &amp; Xu, spec. nov.</p><p>(四IJ洞叶Ħ)</p><p>Figures 6–8</p><p>Type material. Holotype female (HNU614): China, Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Ruyuan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.9945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.9125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.9945/lat 24.9125)">Nanling National Forest Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.9945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.9125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.9945/lat 24.9125)">Laopengkeng</a>, 24°54.75'N, 112°59.67'E, 1254 m, 23 July 2016, Haiqiang Yin, Guchun Zhou, Chaomin Li, Ailan He, Wang Liu, Jinxin Liu, Zhuo’er Chen and Chen Zeng leg.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is a word treated as adjective derived from the Greek “ tetra ” and “ gongylos ”, meaning “four” and “ball” respectively, and refers to the two pairs of bursae in the female’s vulva.</p><p>Diagnosis. The female of this new species is similar to that of C. daweishanensis Wang, Zhou &amp; Peng, 2019 . Both species have similar atria postero-medially located on the epigyne but can be distinguished by the distinct constriction of each spermatheca into rounded anterior and posterior bursae in C. tetragongylodes spec. nov. (Figs 6D–E, 7A–D), versus the kidney-shaped unconstricted spermathecae in the vulva of C. daweishanensis (figs 1, 2B–C in Wang et al. 2019).</p><p>Description. Female (Holotype): Total length 2.99, carapace 1.32 long, 1.01 wide, opisthosoma 1.65 long, 1.03 wide. Carapace yellowish-brown and pyriform, with several rows of small setae on the anterior half of carapace. AME smaller than other eyes, and both eye rows almost straight (Fig. 6C). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.01, ALE 0.10, PME 0.07, PLE 0.10; AME–AME 0.01, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–PLE 0.03. MOA 0.10 long, anterior width 0.04, posterior width 0.21. Clypeus height 0.10. Chelicerae yellowish-brown, 3 promarginal and 8 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 3.20 (1.03, 0.35, 0.73, 0.67, 0.42); II 2.73 (0.79, 0.35, 0.58, 0.56, 0.45); III 2.54 (0.75, 0.29, 0.59, 0.51, 0.40); IV 3.27 (1.07, 0.36, 0.75, 0.67, 0.42). Opisthosoma pale, elliptical and hairy.</p><p>Copulatory organ (Figs 6D–E, 7A–B). Atrium (At) large, wider than long, adjacent to the posterior margin of epigyne with large, paired copulatory openings (CO) near the anterior margin of atrium. Copulatory ducts (CD) long, originating at the anterior margin of atrium, first extending along the outer edges of spermathecae, then strong twisting many times and ultimately connecting spermathecae at the posterior ends of posterior bursa. Spermathecae dumbbell-shaped, including anterior bursae, posterior bursae and connecting tube. Anterior bursae larger than posterior ones and slightly separated from each other, whereas posterior bursae separated far from each other. Fertilization ducts membranous, relatively small, originated from posterior bursae.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality, China (Guangdong) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32734747FF9DFFFBFF03F9ED5934637D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Rongrong;Yin, Haiqiang;He, Ailan;Xu, Xiang	Liao, Rongrong, Yin, Haiqiang, He, Ailan, Xu, Xiang (2022): Description of three new species of the genus Cicurina Menge, 1871 from Guangdong, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 5188 (5): 477-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.4
