identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CC2A9E2E9639A15DFC48C050D57ED1D4.text	CC2A9E2E9639A15DFC48C050D57ED1D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium L.	<div><p>1. CHENOPODIUM L.,</p><p>Gen. PL, ed. 5, 103 (1754)</p><p>Mostly annual or perennial herbs, glabrous, pubescent, glandular or mealy with vesicular hairs. Leaves alternate, mostly petiolate, normally broad. Flowers mostly in cymose clusters (" glomerules") variously arranged,?and? mixed, without bracteoles. Calyx of both sorts of flower normally (3-) 4-5-lobed, unaltered or nearly so in fruit, or sometimes becoming fleshy. Stamens 1-5. Fruits with membranous indehiscent pericarp. Seeds " horizontal " (vertically compressed) or, less commonly, " vertical " (horizontally compressed); testa normally thin, hard and brittle. Embryo annular. Endosperm present.</p><p>Weeds of cultivated areas and waste landa around human habitations.</p><p>The species here have to be separated from one another with care. Differential vegetative characters, though present, may be indefinite and difficult to portray. The fruits and seeds, however, give for the majority of the species very precise and constant characters. The markings on the testa of the seed, taxonomically very valuable, require the low power of a compound microscope for them to be clearly seen. Special care must be taken,before examining the testa, to remove the thin skin-like pericarp which closely covers it; this can be done either by kneading some fruits between thumb and forefinger, or, if the pericarp is persistent, by scraping it away with needles, using a lens. Until the user of this Flora is familiar with the species, it is better that he tries to name only plants bearing ripe seeds, which fortunately are lavishly produced.</p><p>In all the East African species, the flowers in each inflorescence are a mixture of hermaphrodite and female, the former usually occupying the terminal position in a cymule, the latter often opening later. In the following key and descriptions the stamen numbers must be taken to refer to the hermaphrodite flowers only.</p><p>Several of our species, especially C. album, G. opulifolium, C. murale and C. ambrosioides, also occur in Europe, and those seriously studying this difficult genus will do well to consult modem works dealing with it there. Hegi, 111. FI. Mittel-Eur. 3 (1910) is recommended for its illustrations; Ascherson &amp; Graebner, Syn, Mitteleur. FI. 5 (1) (1913) for synonymy and an account of the wide ranges of variation of certain species; while Clapham, Tutin &amp; Warburg, FI. Brit. Is. (1952) provides a concise and up-to-date account of the genus in Britain.</p><p>Plant more or less mealy, at least on young parts, with grey or whitish vesicular hairs; other sorts of hair and also glands absent; stamens (of hermaphro¬ dite flowers) always 5; seeds always black when ripe, 1 mm. or more in diameter:</p><p>Seeds sharply keeled on margin, 1.2-1.5 mm. in diameter; testa marked with very close minute rounded pits (Fig. 2/3); pericarp very difficult to detach from seed; inflorescences always cymose and leafy...... 3. C. murale</p><p>Seeds bluntly keeled on margin; testa not marked as above; pericarp readily rubbed or scraped from seed:</p><p>Seeds 1-1.5 mm. in diameter; testa marked with radial furrows, and often also with minute roughnesses in between, never closely pitted:</p><p>Leaves (except juvenile ones following the cotyledons) distinctly longer than broad, normally by at least 1/2 times; steins often more or less red; branching commonly erect or suberect; testa furrowed, other¬ wise almost smooth (Fig. 1) ... 1. C, album</p><p>Leaves (at least median and lower cauline) nearly or quite as broad as long, rather small, up to about 5.4 cm. long; stems rarely red; branching commonly diver¬ gent;testa marked with radial furrows more closely than in (7. album, also with minute roughnesses in between (Fig. 2/2); inflorescences normally very grey-mealy. 2. C. opulifolium</p><p>Seeds 1.5-2 mm. in diameter; testa farrowed or pitted:</p><p>Leaves below widest point cuneate and normally entire, sometimes broadly cuneate; teeth up to about 10 each side, usually fewer, not acuminate, usually directed upwards; seeds not more than 1.85 mm, in diameter (usually less than 1,75 mm.); testa marked with radial furrows but not pitted (Fig. 1); calyces shed with fruit, sepals not becoming reflexed...., 1. C. album</p><p>Leaves below widest point rounded in outline to subtruncate or even subcordat© and distinctly toothed; teeth 7 - 60 each side, usually numerous, acuminate or acute, tending to be directed outwards; seeds 1.5-2 mm. in diameter; testa marked with very close minute sinuose and irregularly branched pits (Fig. 2/4); calyces often per¬ sisting on inflorescence after fruit is shed, their sepals reflexed and with thickened midribs......4. C. fasciculosum</p><p>Plant pubescent, and with yellow to amber glands, aromatic, without vesicular hairs; stamens (of hermaphrodite flowers) 1 - 5; seeds black to red-brown when ripe, 0.5-1.25 mm. in diameter:</p><p>Inflorescence built up of distinct though sometimes small dichasial cymes in the axils of leaves or bracts, these cymes usually aggregated as though into a spike; seeds black or nearly so when ripe; stamens 1-2; lower and median leaves pinnately divided, at least their lower part; sepals always keeled:</p><p>Seeds 0.7-0.8 mm. in diameter; testa marked with very minute shallow contiguous rounded or angular pits (Fig, 2/7); glands between veins on lower surface of leaf, also those on outside of sepals, all sessile (use X 20 lens); leaves pinnately divided throughout each side usually to within 2-3 mm. of midrib.. 7, C. schraderianum</p><p>Seeds 0.9-1.1 mm. in diameter; testa marked with slightly impressed sinuoso lines and minor roughnesses (Fig. 2/6); glands between veins on lower surface of leaf,also many of those on outside of sepals, shortly but dis¬ tinctly stalked (use X 20 lens); lower part of leaves pinnately divided, top part toothed but scarcely lobed..... 6. C. procerum</p><p>Inflorescence built up of small sessile or subsessile clusters of flowers in the axils of leaves or bracts, flowers not in dichasial cymes; seeds red-brown to blackish when ripe; stamens 1-5; leaves and sepals various:</p><p>Sepals each having on its back outside a con¬ spicuous wing-like keel broadening upwards; leaves to 3 cm. long; flowers all in leaf-axils; stamen 1; seeds all " vertical " (see generic description), red-brown, 0.5-0.75 mm. in diameter .... .... 8. C. carinatum</p><p>Sepals rounded, not at all keeled on back:</p><p>Seeds in each cluster, some " vertical," others " horizontal " (see generic description), 0.5-1.25 mm. in diameter (in African specimens); stamens 4-5; ovary glandular above; stigmas 3-4, long; robust erect plant with paniculate inflorescence... 5. C. ambrosioides</p><p>Seeds in each cluster all " vertical " (see generic description), 0-5-0*75 mm. in diameter; stamen 1; ovary not glandular; stigmas 2, short; plant prostrate to ascending, usually slender, with small leaves and axillary flower-clusters not clearly paniculately arranged.... 9. C. pumilio</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2A9E2E9639A15DFC48C050D57ED1D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
8CC3ABE15C20A53F397DC9BDC47D72F7.text	8CC3ABE15C20A53F397DC9BDC47D72F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium album L.	<div><p>1. C. album L.</p><p>Sp. PI. 219 (1753); Bak. &amp; C. B. Cl. in F.T.A. 6 (1): 77 (1909), pro parte, quoad specimen Forbes s.n. tantum (= C. album f. cymigerum (Koch) Schinz &amp; Thell .); Hauman in F.C.B. 2: 9 (1951).</p><p>Type: presumably from Europe, Herb. Linnaeus (LINN, lecto.!)</p><p>Herb usually 10-150 cm. high, annual, normally much branched but sometimes lateral branches short and stem thus appearing subsimple, green or red-tinged, especially on stem, more or less grey-mealy especially on young parts. Leaves very variable, rhombic-ovate to lanceolate, mostly distinctly longer than broad by normally at least times (but the juvenile leaves following the cotyledons may be almost as broad as long), from about 12 X 0.3 and 2.3 X 1-3 cm. to 5-4 X 31, 6-5 X 3.8, 7 X 1.5,7 X 3.7 and 8.2 X 5-5 cm., margins entire or more commonly with up to about 10 shallow teeth each side, prominent basal lobes not commonly present, apex of leaf acute, or particularly in the lower cauline leaves subacute to rounded; upper leaves and bracts progressively smaller. Inflorescence a usually ample panicle of very numerous small or medium (2-6 mm. in diameter) densely or laxly spicately or cymosely arranged dense rounded clusters (" glomerules ") of minute grey to green flowers, latter 1-1-5 mm. in diameter. Sepals 5, papillose on margins and outside, each with a prominent green keel in upper part. Stamens 5. Pericarp somewhat persistent but easily rubbed or scraped off seed. Seeds (Fig. 1,p. 2) black, shining, 1-2-1-6 (-1.85) mm. in diameter, bluntly keeled, testa under microscope marked with faint radial furrows further apart than in 0. opulifolium, otherwise almost smooth.</p><p>Kenya. Kisumu-Londiani District: Londiani, July 1953, C. van Someren 194! &amp; C. van Someren in E.A.H. 10420! &amp; Lumbwa, July 1953, C. van Someren 157!</p><p>Distb. K5; widespread in the temperate and warm parts of the Northern Hemisphere; less common and possibly only an introduction further south, but found in S. America and Australia; in Africa (other than N.) recorded from the Belgian Congo, Portuguese East Africa and S. Africa Hab. A weed of cultivation, probably recently introduced</p><p>Variation. In Europe this species is excessively variable and polymorphic, but the East African specimens appear typical. Other variants may well be introduced into our area in the future.</p><p>Note. I have not given the extensive synonymy that there is for this species in Europe, as it is not relevant here.</p><p>C. album is unquestionably very closely related to C. opulifolium, which is far commoner in East Africa. C. album differs in the mature leaves being decidedly longer than wide, often thinner in texture, and in the smoother surface of the seed when seen under the microscope. In addition the inflorescence of G. album is normally greener and not so densely glaucous-mealy as in C. opulifolium, and the stem is much more commonly tinged with red. Some authors have stated that the branching of C. opulifolium is divaricate, while that of C. album is stricter; this is often a useful character, but I would ask observers to test its constancy in East Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CC3ABE15C20A53F397DC9BDC47D72F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
CF049F168308340CFE8DF8F774C74CD3.text	CF049F168308340CFE8DF8F774C74CD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad.	<div><p>2. C. opulifolium [Schrad. ex] Koch da Ziz,</p><p>Cat. PI. Palat. 6 (1814); DC., FI. Fr. 6: 372 (1815); Bak. &amp; C. B. Cl. in F.T.A. 6 (1): 78 (1909); Hauman in F.C.B. 2: 7 (1951).</p><p>Type: Germany, Arheilgen, Borkhausen (location unknown)</p><p>Herb up to 60-150 (-300) cm. high, annual or apparently sometimes a short-lived perennial which may become woody below, normally very much branched, green to almost white, rarely red-tinged, grey-mealy, sometimes densely so on young shoots, inflorescences and undersides of leaves. Leaves variable, mostly broadly and shortly rhombic-ovate, the median and lower almost as broad as long, from about (0.7 X 04 cm.-) 1 x 0.7-1 cm. to 3.7 X 2.8-3.7 cm. and 5.4 X 5.4 cm., in the lower third or about the middle normally with a short prominent often bilobed divergent lateral lobe each side, the margins above this lobe entire or with up to several teeth, apex of leaf rounded or acute; in African specimens the lobes not uncommonly less prominent or even the leaves subentire; upper leaves smaller and more acute. Inflorescence a panicle, usually ample, of very numerous small densely or laxly spicately or rarely cymosely arranged dense rounded clusters ("glomerules") of minute grey to greenish flowers, latter 1-1.5 mm. in diameter. Sepals 5, papillose on margins and outside, each with a prominent green keel in upper part. Stamens 5. Pericarp somewhat persistent, but readily scraped off seed. Seeds (Fig. 2/2, p. 3) black, shining, 1.1-1.0 mm. in diameter,bluntly keeled, testa under microscope marked with radial furrows and minute irregular papillose roughening in between.</p><p>Uganda. Karamoja District: Mt. Debasien, Jan. 1936, Eggding 2840!; Kigezi District: Kachwekano Farm, Feb. 1950,Purseglove 3246!; Teso District: Serere, May 1932, Chandler 563!</p><p>Kenya. Northern Frontier Province: Moyale, 18 July 1952, Gillett 13608!; Naivasha District: Kedong, Mount Margaret Estate, June 1940, Bally 910 in C.M. 17088 I; Nairobi, 12 June 1930, Napier 296 in C.M. 1006!</p><p>Tanganyika. Moshi District: Lyamungu, 24 Aug. 1932, Oremway 3137!; Lushoto</p><p>District: Makuyuni, Koritschoner 1060!; Kondoa District: Sambala, 28 Mar. 1929, Burtt 21511</p><p>Distb. Ul-4; El, 3-7; Tl-7; Europe and the Mediterranean Region, eastwards to India and? Mongolia, southwards through tropical Africa to Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Angola and? S. Africa; adventive in N. America</p><p>Hab. A weed of cultivation and settled areas; 760-2100 m.</p><p>Syn. [ C. album sensu Borkh. in Rhein. Mag. 1: 472-3 (1793); Bak. &amp; C. B. Cl. in F.T.A. 6(1): 78 (1909), pro majore parte,excl. syn. C. murale, C. olukondae, et Kotschy 8, Pfund 454, non L.]</p><p>[ C. album L. var. viride sensu Bak. &amp; C. B. Cl, in F.T.A. 6?:78 (1909), pro parte quoad Speke db Grant 609,non (L.) Moq,]</p><p>C. opulifolium [Schrad. ex] Koch &amp; Ziz subsp. ugandae Aellen in F.R. 24: 339 (1928). Type: Kenya, Nairobi,Meams 283 (US, holo.!)</p><p>G. mucronatum Thunb. var. mbintegrum Aellen in F.R. 24: 340 (1928), pro parte?,saltem quoad Holst 8894, Tanganyika, Usambaras, Kwa Mshuza (Z, syn.?,K, isosyn.!), Holst 8924 (US, syn.!)</p><p>[ C. opulifolium [Schrad. ex] Koch &amp; Ziz var. olukondae sensu Hauman in F.C.B. 2: 8 (1951) quoad descr. et spec, cit., saltem De Craene 144, non (Murr) Hauman] C. opulifolium [Schrad. ex] Koch &amp; Ziz subsp. orientale (" orientalis M) Murr in Mag. Bot. Lapok 1: 339 (1902). Numerous syntypes cited, including three from our area: Fischer, Stuhlmann, Stuhlmann (B, syn. f)</p><p>Variation. The leaves are decidedly variable in the prominence of the lateral lobe8 and the amount of toothing. The frequent tendency in East Africa for this species to have inconspicuous lateral lobes and sometimes scarcely any teeth besides is quite inconstant even in our area, evidently of no systematic significance, and commonly no more than a state. I have seen closely similar specimens from Europe. Such plants have been called G. mucronatum var. subintegrum and C. opulifolium var. olukondae . Neither C. mucronatum Thunb. nor C. olukondae (Murr) Murr appear conspecific with G. opulifolium and neither of them apparently occurs in East Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF049F168308340CFE8DF8F774C74CD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
40D5EC4CE93D8E885D61766F10291174.text	40D5EC4CE93D8E885D61766F10291174.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium fasciculosum Aellen 1928	<div><p>4. C. fasciculosum Aellen in F.R. 24: 344 (1928). Types: Kenya, Naivasha District, S. side of L. Naivasha, Mearns 672 (US, syn.!),707 (US, syn., BM,isosyn.!)</p><p>Annual herb up to 2 m. high, upright, rarely spreading, normally much branched, green or slightly red-tinged, mealy especially on young parts but soon sparingly so or glabrescent. Leaves (in outline) ovate or deltoid-ovate, mostly 2.5-15 cm. long and 1.5-10 (-12) cm. wide, with more or less numerous irregular often coarse sharp teeth (7-60 or more on each margin). In¬ florescences composed of divaricately branched cymes up to 5 cm. long from upper leaf-axils and also sometimes terminal. Flowers greenish or red-tinged, minute, about 0.8-1.5 mm. in diameter. Sepals 5, papillose on margins and particularly towards base outside, each with a rather narrow blunt raised green keel towards apex only. Stamens 5. Pericarp easily scraped off seed. Seeds (Fig. 2/4, p. 3) black, rather shining,. 1.5-2 mm. in diameter, bluntly keeled; testa under microscope marked with very close minute irregularly but not radially elongate pits which are sinuose and irregularly branched. Fig. 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/40D5EC4CE93D8E885D61766F10291174	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
4F2BE179656328AE8D66D6C880194F42.text	4F2BE179656328AE8D66D6C880194F42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium murale L.	<div><p>3. C. murale L.,</p><p>Sp. PL 219 (1753); Bak. &amp; C. B. Cl. in E.T.A. 6 (1): 78 (1909); Aellen in F R. 24: 343 (1928).</p><p>Type: presumably from Europe, Herb. Linnaeus (LINN, lecto.!)</p><p>Annual up to 90 cm. high, upright or spreading, normally much branched, green, rarely red-tinged, mealy especially on young parts but rarely densely so. Leaves variable, commonly rhombic-ovate, rarely narrower, about 1 *5-9 cm. long and 0*8-5 (-7) cm, wide, without any tendency for especially prominent basal lobes, but with several coarse irregular ascending usually sharp teeth (about 5-15 teeth on each margin, rarely fewer). Inflore cences leafy, composed of divaricately branched cymes up to 5 cm. long, terminal and from upper axils. Flowers greenish, minute, about 1-1-5 mm. in diameter. Sepals 5, papillose on margins and outside, each with a blunt raised green keel towards apex only. Stamens 5. Pericarp veiy difficult to detach from seed. Seeds (Fig. 2/3, p. 3) black, somewhat shining, 1-2- 1*5 mm. in diameter, acutely keeled; testa under microscope marked with very close minute rounded pits.</p><p>Kenya. Naivasha District: Gilgil R., Dec.,Scott Elliot 6571! and Kedong, Mt. Margaret, June 1940, Bally 911a (mixed with 911)!; Nairobi, Marlborough Estate, Sept. 1939, Bally 114 in CM. 11325!</p><p>Tanganyika. Masai District: 01 Doinyo Sambu, Feb. 1926,Haarer B. 156!; Moshi District: 01 Molog, 2 July 1945,Greenway 7520!; Hpwapwa, 3 Mar. 1931, Hornby 381!</p><p>Distb. K3, 4; T2, 5; a cosmopolitan weed</p><p>Hab. A weed of crops, old cultivations and pasture land; 1070-1950 m.</p><p>Syn.? C. longidjawense A. Peter, F.D.O.-A. 2: 204 &amp; 22, t. 26, fig. 1 (1932 &amp; 1938)., Type: Tanganyika, Arusha District, Lengijawe, 1850-1880 m., Peter 42635 \l (B, holo. †)</p><p>Variation. C. murale is decidedly variable in size, habit and leaves, often doubtless due to habitat. Dr. Aellen has determined Haarer B. 156 (K!) as C. murale var. spissidentatum Murr in Mag. Bot. Lapok 2: 11, t. 8, fig. 32 (1903) ( C. murale f. spissidentatum (Murr) Aell. in Verh. Naturf. Gesellsch. Basel 41: 87 (1930). This represents a form with the teeth on the leaves rather more numerous, closer and more prominent than usual, but the difference is at best but slight and can readily be matched in Europe. For the present it is preferably considered, with other comparable extremes known, elsewhere but lacking any geographical correlation, which will very probably turn up in our area, as falling within the normal range of variation, of C. murale .</p><p>In spite of its Latin name, in Africa as in England, it is no use searching for C. murale on walls.</p><p>C. longidjawense A. Peter is probably C. murale, but the type being no longer extant, there is an element of doubt. The hairs on some of the anthers, noted by Peter, are probably fungal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F2BE179656328AE8D66D6C880194F42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
59403DE425C7B7D97988050981685075.text	59403DE425C7B7D97988050981685075.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium ambrosioides L.	<div><p>5. C. ambrosioides L. ,</p><p>Sp. PI. 219 (1753); Bak. &amp; C. B. CL in F.T.A. 6 (1): 79 (1909); Ulbr. in E. &amp; P. Pf. ed. 2,16c: 491, Fig. 183 K-Q (1934); Aellen &amp; Just in Amer. Midi. Nat. 30: 50-51 (1953); Hauman in F.C.B. 2: 2 (1951).</p><p>Type: Spain, Herb. Linnaeus (LINN, lecto.!)</p><p>Herb up to 120 cm. high, usually annual, rarely a short-lived perennial, polymorphic (principally in America),upright, much branched, green (? occasionally red-tinged), variably pubescent or hairy especially on stem, also with numerous yellowish sessile glands particularly on lower side of leaves, strongly aromatic. Leaves variable, lanceolate in outline to more rarely elliptic or obovate, mostly 1.5-10 cm. long and 0.4-4 3 cm. wide, entire to laciniate or pinnatifid; upper leaves and bracts smaller and narrower. Inflorescence an ample much-branched panicle with small sessile flower-clusters arranged spicately along the ultimate branches. Flowers greenish, 0-5-1-5 mm. in diameter. Sepals 3-5 (? flowers) 4-5 (? flowers), pubescent to glabrous, glandular, variably connate, smooth or very rarely keeled. Stamens 4-5. Pericarp easily removed. Seeds deep red-brown to blackish or shining, 0.5-1-25 (-1.5) mm. in diameter, bluntly keeled,testa under microscope almost smooth or shallowly and irregularly pitted, usually marked also with sinuose lines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/59403DE425C7B7D97988050981685075	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
C3E835020B272E0E48495E5B5828C743.text	C3E835020B272E0E48495E5B5828C743.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium fasciculosum var. fasciculosum	<div><p>var . fasciculosum</p><p>Leaves acuminate at apex. Teeth (on well-developed leaves) more numerous than in var. muraliforme, generally in all (16-) 2G-60 or more on each margin, mostly acuminate; little teeth numerous.</p><p>Kenya. Northern Frontier Province: Mt. Kulal, 10 Oct. 1947, Bally 5606!; Kiambu District: Kabete, 13 Apr. 1945, Nattrass in Bally 4287!</p><p>Tanganyika. Masai District: Ngorongoro, Bally 2419!; Arusha District: Engare Olmotoni, June 1926, Haarer 246!; Moshi District: Lyamungu, 28 Oct. 1943, Wallace 1103!</p><p>Distr. El, 3, 4; T2; Ethiopia</p><p>Syn. [ C. murale sensu Bak, &amp; C. B. Cl. in F.T.A. 6 (1): 79 (1909), pro parte,quoad specimina Johnston, Quartin Dillon &amp; Petit 315, Schimper 357, non L.]</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3E835020B272E0E48495E5B5828C743	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
C9C07369C2B6B323A47DA0FD67D0A654.text	C9C07369C2B6B323A47DA0FD67D0A654.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium fasciulosum var. muraliforme Aellen	<div><p>var. muraliforme Aellen</p><p>in F.R. 24: 344 (1928).</p><p>Type: Kenya, Mfc. Kenya, 2550 m" westward to the Kasorongai R., 1950 m., Meams 1814 (US, holo.!)</p><p>Leaves acute at apex. Teeth (on well-developed leaves) comparatively few, generally 7-20 (-25) on each margin,acute, mostly coarse, little teeth few.</p><p>Kenya. Nakuru District: Elburgon, Sept. 1933, Napier 2843 in Ö .M. 5252!; Kiambu District: Limxiru, Dec. 1927, Lyne Watt 1189!; Kericho District: Lumbwa, July 1934,Napier 3406 in CM. 6640!</p><p>Distb. K3, 4, 5; not known elsewhere. May occur in K6 on the Mau; confirmation wanted</p><p>Hab. (of species as whole). Insufficiently known; recorded from upland evergreen forest, by roadsides, and as a weed in cultivated areas and waste places; 1310-2440 m.</p><p>This very interesting species, known outside our area only from Ethiopia, is related to C. murale, whose leaves are often more cuneate at base than in C, fasciculosum and with different toothing. The seeds of C. murale are, however, very different, smaller, sharply keeled, with a persistent pericarp and rounded not elongate-branched pits on the surface of the testa. This is a good example of a frequent occurrence among goosefeet: where constant seed-diiferences reinforce vegetative differences which though clear are hard to convey in words.</p><p>Aellen in his original description of C. fasciculosum gives the range in size of seed as 1.25-2 mm.; I have not seen ripe seeds less than 1.5 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C9C07369C2B6B323A47DA0FD67D0A654	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
3DF85C4057D3D96D7D270AA2AA37F88C.text	3DF85C4057D3D96D7D270AA2AA37F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium procerum Hoechst	<div><p>6. C. procerum [Hoechst, ex] Mog.</p><p>in DC., Prodr. 13 (2): 75 (1849); Hauman in F.C.B. 2: 6 (1951).</p><p>Types: Ethiopia, Tigré, near Adowa, Schimper 882,1506 (G, syn., K, isosyn.!)</p><p>Herb, probably annual, up to 2 m. or more high, upright, with few or many branches, green or often strongly red-tinged, glandular-pubescent all over, usually shortly so, strongly aromatic. Lower and median leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic in outline, mostly 2-5-14 cm. long and 1-5-7 (-9) cm. wide, acute at apex, pinnately divided each side into 3-5 more or less sharplytoothed lobes, the lower lobes extending to near midrib, the upper much shallower, and the top part of the leaf normally toothed but scarcely lobed, glands between veins on lower surface shortly but distinctly stalked (use X 20 lens); upper leaves smaller, narrower and less divided, uppermost ones often oblong and obscurely sinuate-dentate. Inflorescences composed of dichotomously branched axillary cymes which are usually aggregated into more or less leafy or nude continuous cylindrical inflorescences 1.5-6 cm. wide and up to 60 cm. or more long. Flowers greenish or red-tinged, minute, 0.5-1.5 mm. in diameter. Sepals 5, each with a green glandular keel towards apex, glandular outside, many glands distinctly stalked (X 20 lens necessary). Stamens 1-2. Pericarp easily scraped off seed. Seeds (Fig. 2/6,p. 3) black or nearly so, glossy, 0.9-1.1 mm. in diameter, with a rather prominent but blunt keel; testa under microscope very slightly rough with slightly impressed irregular sinuose lines and other minor roughnesses.</p><p>Uganda. Kigezi District: Kachwekano Farm, Jan. 1950, Purseglove 3227!; Elgon, Jan. 1918, Dummer 3630!; Masaka District: Kabula, Sept. 1945, Puraeglove 1823!</p><p>Kenya. Uasin Gishu District: Kipkarren, Sept. 1931, Brodhurst-Hill 329 in C,M, 3628!; Nakuru District: Rongai, 23 July 1951, Bogdan 3162!</p><p>Tanganyika. Bukoba District: Bugufi, Jan. 1936, Chambers K25!; Mbulu District: Oldeani, 20 June 1935, B. M. Davies 1065!; Lushoto District: Makuyuni, Koritschoner 1335!</p><p>Distb. U2-4; K3,6; Tl-3; the A.-E. Sudan and Ethiopia southwards through eastern Africa to Nyasaland</p><p>Hab. Upland grasslands, and a local weed of cultivated areas and waste places; 1340-2440 m.</p><p>Syn. C. suberifolium Murr</p><p>in Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér . 2, 4: 990, t. 6, fíg . 3a, b. (1904); Bak. &amp; C. B. Cl. in F.T.A. 6 (1): 80 (1909); Aellen in F.R. 24: 347 (1928); F .D.O.-A. 2 (1): 204 Í 1932).</p><p>Type: Tanganyika: Lushoto District, Kwa Mshusa, Holst 8926 (Z,holo.,K, iso.!)</p><p>C. botrys L. var. procerum [" procera "] (Hoechst, ex Moq.) C. B. CI. in. F.T.A. 6 (1) 80 (1909); F.D.O.-A. 2 (1): 204 (1932)</p><p>[ O. botrys sensu Bak. &amp; C. B. Cl. in F.T.A. 6 (1): 80 (1909),pro parte quoad Scott-Elliot 6624, Buchanan 845 et Whyte (Nyasaland), non L.]</p><p>C. procerum has been confused with G. schraderianum, with which it has much in common, but is certainly distinct in a number of ways: (a) tendency to greater stature and more branches, (b) leaves mostly acute not obtuse, with different lobing, (c) glands on lower surface of leaf between, veins, also on outside of sepals, mostly stalked not sessile, (d) seeds slightly but constantly larger, and with somewhat more prominent keel, (e) testa marking different - compare descriptions and Fig. 2.</p><p>Hauman's statement in F.C.B. 2: 7 (1951) that C. procerum differs from (7. schraderianum solely in leaf-shape is inadequate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3DF85C4057D3D96D7D270AA2AA37F88C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
2CE0AEE2F8AA1CA0C4B7E2D7BD11EAF1.text	2CE0AEE2F8AA1CA0C4B7E2D7BD11EAF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium schraderianum Schult.	<div><p>7. C. schraderianum Schult.,</p><p>Syst. Veg. 6: 260 (1820); Bak. &amp; C. B. Cl. in F.T.A. 6 (1): 80 (1909); Brenan in K.B. 1950: 131 (1950); Hauman in F.C.B. 2: 4 (1951).</p><p>Type: a plant cultivated by Schrader, of unknown origin</p><p>Annual up to 1-1-3 m. high, upright; main stem simple or with few rarely many lateral branches, especially near base; plant green, sometimes red-tinged, shortly glandular and pubescent all over, strongly aromatic. Lower and median leaves elliptic to oblong in outline, mostly 1-5 (-8) cm. long and 0-5-3 (-5) cm. wide, mostly obtuse at apex, pinnately divided throughout each side into 3-5 narrow blunt lobes which are entire or with a few blunt teeth and all extend usually to within 2-3 mm. of midrib, glands between veins on lower surface of leaf all sessile (use X 20 lens), not accompanied by hairs; upper leaves progressively smaller and less divided. Inflorescence as in CL procerum (p. 11) but often tending to be smaller. Flowers greenish or red-tinged, minute, 0.5-1 mm. in diameter. Sepals 5, each with a prominent toothed keel outside from near apex to near base,glandular outside, glands all sessile (use X 20 lens). Stamens 1-2. Pericarp easily rubbed or scraped off seed. Seeds (Fig. 2/7,p. 3) black or nearly so, somewhat glossy, 0-7- 0.8 mm. in diameter,bluntly and not prominently keeled; testa under microscope with very minute shallow contiguous rounded or angular pits.</p><p>Uganda. West Nile District: Attiak, War, Apr. 1940, Eggeling 3911!; Kigezi District: Kachwekano Farm, Sept. 1949, Purseglove 3108!; Masaka District: Kyotera, Nov. 1945, Purseglove 1865!</p><p>Kenya. North Nyeri District: Nyeri, 19 Dee. 1921,Fries 138!; Nairobi, Kirichwa ndogo valley, Jan. 1940, Bally 749!; Nakuru District: Londiani, Dec. 1905, O. S. Baker 348!</p><p>Tanganyika. Bukoba District: Nyaishozi, Dec. 1931, Haarer 2443!; Mbulu District: Mbulumbul, 25 June 1945, Greenway 7445!; Rungwe District: Kyimbila, 23 Sept. 1910, Stolz 292!</p><p>Distb. Ul, 2,4; K3-7; Tl-3, 7; from the A.-E. Sudan, Ethiopia and Somaliland southwards through eastern Africa to the Cape and Angola; rarely adventive in Europe; recorded from other parts of the Old and New Worlds, but apparently in error</p><p>Hab. A locally common weed of cultivated areas and waste places; 1220-2290 m.</p><p>Syn. C. foetidum Schrad . in Magaz. Ges. Naturf. Freund© Berlin 2: 79 (1808); Aschers. &amp; Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. FI. 5 (1): 24 (1913); Aollen in F.R. 24: 345 (1928); Aellen &amp; Just in Amer. Midi. Nat. 30: 56 (1943), non Lam., FI. Fr. 3: 244 (1778)</p><p>For the differences between this species and C. procerum [Hoechst, ex] Moq. see under the latter (above).</p><p>A number of varieties and forms have been recognized under C. schraderianum, notably by Murr in Bull. Herb. Boiss" sér . 2, 4: 990-991 (1904), Aschers. &amp; Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. FI. 5 (1): 24 (1913), and Aellen in F.R. 24: 345-7 (1928); these have been summarized by Hauman in F.C.B. 2: 6 (1951). None has so far been recorded for East Africa, although doubtless they occur. Hauman’s view that these are nothing more than states due to environment, or merely different stages in growth and development, is willingly followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CE0AEE2F8AA1CA0C4B7E2D7BD11EAF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
1D2A31B44E07B79FFD5AA14E96843028.text	1D2A31B44E07B79FFD5AA14E96843028.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium carinatum R.Br.	<div><p>8 . C. carinatum R.Br.</p><p>, Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 407 (1810); Aellen in Verh. Naturf. Gesellsch. Basel 44 (1): 312 (1933); Ulbr. in E. &amp; P. Pf., ed. 2,16c: 494 (1934).</p><p>Type: Australia, New South Wales, Hawkesbury R.,R. Brown 3034 (BM, holo.!)</p><p>Annual herb similar to C. pumilio, prostrate to erect, normally branched near base into simple to much branched stems up to 60 cm. long,green rarely red-tinged, pubescent and glandular, aromatic. Leaves ovate to elliptic rarely narrow-elliptic in outline, small, mostly 0.3-3 cm. long and 0.25-2 cm. wide, sometimes as wide as long, with 2-4 (-6) usually coarse sometimes obscure entire or denticulate teeth, or lobes on each margin, rarely entire or almost so, glands between veins on lower side of leaves sessile to subsessile not accompanied by hairs unless on veins. Flowers greenish, minute, about 0.4-0-75 mm. in diameter, sessile or subsessile in small rounded axillary clusters at most of the nodes. Sepals normally 5,pubescent and glandiiar, each with a conspicuous wing-like keel broadening upwards. Stamen 1. Seed (Fig. 2/8,p. 3) as in G. pumilio .</p><p>Kenya. Trans-Nzoia District: 32 km. SE. of Kitale, 21 June 1948,Bogdan 1738a!; Nairobi: Karura Forest, 14 Sept. 1951, Bogdan 3263!; Nairobi-Kiambu road, 3 Dec. 1950,Verdcourt 391!</p><p>Distr. K3, 4; native of Australia, doubtfully so in New Zealand and New Caledonia; introduced, often through wool, into other parts of the world including Britain.</p><p>Hab. A weed by roadsides and among cultivated maize; also recorded from bare patches of rock in Aristida-Harpachne grassland; altitude-range uncertain, recorded from 1620-1680 m.</p><p>Aellen in Verh. Naturf. Gesellsch. Basel 44 (1): 312-3 (1933) splits C. carinatum into two varieties - var. carinatum (which he called var. holopterum (Thell.) Aell.) and var. melanocarpum (Black) Aellen, differing in their perianth-segments. The var. melanocarpum is treated as a distinct species, C. melanocarpum, (Black) Black, by J. M. Black in Fl. S. Austral., ed. 2,2: 289 (1948). Verdcourt 550! (Nairobi) and Bogdan 3263! are certainly var. carinatum; but other specimens do not show fully mature fruits and may or may not be the same variety.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D2A31B44E07B79FFD5AA14E96843028	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
F8D8CC9EC21D13E8F742F417D1E3D650.text	F8D8CC9EC21D13E8F742F417D1E3D650.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chenopodium pumilio R.Br.	<div><p>9. C. pumilio R.Br.</p><p>Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 407 (1810); Benth., FI. Austral. 5: 163 (1870); Aellen in Verh. Naturf. Gesellsch. Basel 44 (1): 314 (1933); Ulbr. in E. &amp; P. Pf., ed. 2, 16c: 494 (1934); Black, Fl. S, Austral., ed. 2,2: 289 (1948).</p><p>Type: Australia, R. Brown (BM, holo.!, K, iso.!)</p><p>Annual herb, prostrate or ascending, with numerous usually slender simple to much branched stems 2-45 cm. long radiating from rootstock, green rarely red-tinged, pubescent and glandular, aromatic. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate in outline, small, mostly 0.3-2-7 cm. long and 0.2-1.3 cm. wide, with 2-4 (-5) usually coarse sometimes obscure teeth or lobes on each margin, rarely (on depauperate plants) entire or almost so, glands between veins on lower side of leaves sessile to subsessile, not or only sometimes accompanied by glandular hairs except on veins. Flowers greenish, minute, about 0.4-0.75 mm. in diameter, sessile or subsessile in small rounded axillary clusters at most of the nodes. Sepals 4-5, sessile-glandular especially below, and more or less pubescent above, not at all keeled, but in fruit becoming rounded-convex on back outside and often whitish or pallid. Stamen 1. Pericarp easily scraped off seed. Seeds (Fig. 2/9, p. 3) all " vertical " (laterally compressed), deep red-brown, shining, 0.5-0.75 mm. in diameter, bluntly or sharply keeled; testa under microscope almost smooth.</p><p>Kenya. TJasin Gishu District: 6 km. E. of Eldoret, 28 Aug. 1948, Bogdan 1885!; Nairobi, Kabete, 28 May 1947, Bogdan 558!; Kerichó District: Kericho, 19 July 1933, Napier 2681 in C.M. 5096!</p><p>Distr. K3-6; native of Australia, also in New Zealand and New Caledonia; frequently introduced with wool into other parts of the world, e.g. the United States and Europe, including Britain</p><p>Hab . A weed of cultivated areas and by railways, in some places very common; most probably introduced with agricultural seeds; 1650-2530 m.</p><p>Syn. [ C. carinatum sensu auct. mult., pro parte, non R.Br.]</p><p>The East African specimens are typical C. pumilio and not f. glandulosum (Moq.) Aellen in Verh. Naturf. Gesellsch. Basel 44 (1); 315 (1933).</p><p>J. M. Black,Fl. S. Austral., ed. 2,2: 289 (1948),separates the common form of C. pumilio with deeply lobed leaves 5-20 mm. long as var. oblongifolium Black, the type of C. pumilio having very small entire or very shallowly lobed leaves 3-8 mm. long. The var. oblongifolium, Miss C. M. Eardley kindly informs me, has not been provided with a valid Latin description, but whether the type of C. pumilio represents a constant variant or a mere state has still to be decided; for the present therefore var. oblongifolium is not adopted here, though later research may show it to be valid.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8D8CC9EC21D13E8F742F417D1E3D650	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brenan, J. P. M	Brenan, J. P. M (1954): Chenopodiaceae (part: Chenopodium). Flora of Tropical East Africa 12: 2-14, URL: http://antbase.org/ants/publications/FlEast_africa_Chenop/FlEast_africa_Chenop.pdf
