taxonID	type	description	language	source
316FE130FFC3FF41FF57FC46FC0575DE.taxon	description	Females (n = 5). L = 2.28 - 2.63 mm; a = 26 - 28; b = 3.8 - 4.1; c = 13 - 14; c’ = 3.7 - 4.0; V = 62 - 64 %. Body large and moderately slender, more or less arcuate ventrally after fixation; 82 - 98 µm wide at middle. Cuticle smooth, rather thin, 2.5 - 3.0 µm over all the body. Lip region 42 - 44 µm wide, lips well developed, conoid. Body at posterior end of oesophagus 1.8 - 2.0 times as wide as head. Amphid cup-like, small. Buccal capsule (the sclerotized section of mouth cavity) large, 47 - 48 × 27 - 28 µm. Dorsal tooth strong with its tip located at 23 - 26 % of the buccal capsule. Sub-ventral ridges with several fine and dense denticles pointing forward. Oesophagus strongly muscular over entire length, 614 - 644 µm long. Distance between posterior end of oesophagus and vulva 1.5 - 1.6 times greater than oesophagus itself. Oesophageal gland nuclei prominent, both AS nuclei lying close to each other: D = 57 - 60 %; AS 1 = 54 - 57 %, AS 2 = 57 - 60 %, PS 1 = 87 - 90 %, PS 2 = 88 - 91 %. Glandularium 230 - 264 µm long. Vulva transverse with well sclerotized inner lips. Vagina strong, 34 - 36 µm long, shorter than half width of corresponding body. Female genital organ of Type I: comparatively short, each ovary more than half as long as corresponding branch of gonads (see Andrássy, 1985: Comments). Genital branches equal in length, 3.0 - 3.3 body widths long or occupying 11 - 12 % of body length. Tail conoid, ventrally curved, uniformly tapered to its finely sub-digitate, occasionally slightly dorsally curved tip. Tail 176 - 190 µm long, occupying 7.0 - 7.5 % of entire length of body. The shape of the tail (sub-digitate on tip) especially characterizes this mononchid species. Winiszewska and Susulovsky (2003) studied the type specimens of Zell (1985) and compared them with other European representatives of the species. At the same time, they synonymized P. oxycercus Zell, 1985 with P. bastiani Zell, 1985, and provided Zell’s P. bastiani – being a homonym of Mononchus (now: Prionchulus) bastiani de Man, 1876 – with the new name P. zelli Winiszewska et Susulovsky, 2003. As I mentioned recently (Andrássy, 2009), this latter action was, however, superfluous since – accepting the synonymization – P. oxycercus has a page priority over P. bastiani, hence the former will be the valid name of the species. The present specimens fit the descriptions of Zell (1985) on the one hand, and of Winiszewska and Susulovsky (2003) on the other, except for the tail, which is somewhat longer (3.7 - 4.0 vs. 2.4 - 3.5 anal body diameters).	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC3FF41FF57FC46FC0575DE.taxon	biology_ecology	Prionchulus oxycercus lives in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats and is seemingly restricted to Europe (Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Spain and Ukraine). The Albanian specimens were found in a brook at locality No. 6.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC3FF45FC37F92FFE987407.taxon	description	(Fig. 3) Holotype female. L = 1.22 mm; a = 25; b = 3.4; c = 29; c’ = 1.5, V = 51 %. Females (n = 3). L = 1.08 - 1.14 mm; a = 22 - 24; b = 3.4 - 3.6; c = 32 - 35; c’ = 1.1 - 1.3; V = 52 - 54 %. Males (n = 3). L = 1.04 - 1.27 mm; a = 23 - 28; b = 3.8 - 4.0; c = 32 - 35; c’ = 1.0 - 1.2. General description. Body comparatively small and moderately slender, 45 - 50 µm wide at middle. Cuticle smooth, 2.5 - 3.5 µm thick. Lip region 13 - 15 µm wide, offset by a depression, lips angular. Body at posterior end of oesophagus 3.2 - 3.3 (female) or 2.8 - 3.0 (male) times as wide as head. Amphid about half as wide as corresponding body. Odontostyle 15 - 17 µm long, 1.1 - 1.3 times as long as labial width; aperture occupying about one-third of stylet length. Oesophagus 280 - 350 µm long, enlarged somewhat behind its middle. Distance between posterior end of oesophagus and vulva 0.7 - 0.9 times as long as oesophagus. Oesophageal gland nuclei clearly discernible. Dorsal nucleus located at 62 - 67 % of oesophagus length or at 16 - 18 % of total body length. AS 1 = 22 - 26 %, AS 2 = 43 - 45 %; PS nuclei at different levels, and the anterior one larger than the posterior: PS 1 = 65 - 70 %, PS 2 = 71 - 76 %. Glandularium 104 - 134 µm long. Female. Vulva longitudinal, hardly sclerotized. Vagina 28 - 32 µm, as long as or longer than half body width. Anterior gonad 3.8 - 5.0 body widths long or occupying 16 - 20 % of body length, posterior gonad 4.2 - 4.4 body widths long or occupying 15 - 18 % of body length. Uterine egg not observed. Pre-rectum 1.5 - 2.0 anal body widths long. Vulva-anus distance equal to 13 - 15 tail lengths. Tail 31 - 42 µm long, 2.8 - 3.4 % of total body length, straight on ventral contour, only its tip curved ventrally. Tail tip finely rounded with a central stripe. Male. Spermatozoa fusiform. Spicula 46 - 48 µm long. Ventromedial supplements 10 - 11, spaced, their row 128 - 135 µm long. Pre-rectum beginning within the range of supplements. Tail similar to that of female, 26 - 35 µm long, its tip ventrally curved and more or less rounded.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC3FF45FC37F92FFE987407.taxon	type_taxon	Type specimens. Holotype female on slide No. 14949. Paratypes: three females, three males and two juveniles. All in the collection of the author.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC3FF45FC37F92FFE987407.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after Illyria or Illyricum, the north-western region of the Balkan Peninsula, which also includes Albania.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC7FF45FF2FF860FB3575C4.taxon	description	Female. L = 2.20 mm; a = 37; b = 4.0; c = 40; c’ = 1.5; V = 48 %. Male s (n = 2). L = 2.12 - 2.24 mm; a = 35 - 36; b = 3.7 - 4.1; c = 46 - 55; c’ = 1.2 - 1.4. General description. Large and slender species; body 59 - 62 µm wide at middle. Cuticle smooth and thick, 4 - 5 µm at mid-region of body. Lip region 19 - 21 µm wide, slightly offset, lips angular, separate. Body at posterior end of oesophagus 3.0 - 3.4 times as wide as head. Amphids wider than one half corresponding body width. Odontostyle 24 - 28 µm long, about 1.3 times longer than labial diameter; aperture occupying one-third of its length. Oesophagus 560 - 620 µm long, expanded somewhat posterior to its middle. Distance between oesophagus terminus and vulva somewhat shorter than oesophagus. Female. Vulva a transverse slit with well sclerotized inner lips. Vagina strong, 38 µm long, occupying more than one-half of corresponding body width. Anterior gonad 4.4 body widths long or 12 % of body length, posterior gonad 6.6 body widths long or 17 % of body length. No uterine egg observed. Pre-rectum as long as 1.6 anal body diameters with a dorsal blind sack. Vulva-anus distance equal to 18 tail lengths. Tail short, 52 µm, only 2.4 % of entire length of body, ventrally curved and sharply pointed on its tip. Ventral wall of tail possessing some blisters. Male. Pre-rectum beginning within the range of supplements, proximal end dorsally sack-like. Spermatozoa spindle-shaped. Spicula 70 - 76 µm long. Ventromedial supplements very small, 8 - 9 in number. Tail similar to that of female, 48 - 52 µm long, ventrally curved, with some blisters in ventral cuticle.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC7FF45FF2FF860FB3575C4.taxon	diagnosis	This species is characterized by the large and fairly slender body, thick cuticle, slightly differentiated head, moderate number of supplements, and by the short, ventrally bent and sharply pointed tail provided with cuticular blisters.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC7FF45FF2FF860FB3575C4.taxon	biology_ecology	Eudorylaimus maritus is a terricolous species inhabiting mosses and the soil. I described it from Hungary (Andrássy, 1959, 1960), and it was subsequently found in some other countries of Europe, viz. in Germany, Sweden, Poland, Bulgaria, Italy, Moldavia and Russia. The Albanian specimens were collected in the locality No. 8 b, from soil in a beech forest.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC7FF48FC4EF925FE2A76EB.taxon	description	(Fig. 5) Holotype female. L = 1.98 mm; a = 28; b = 3.7; c = 32; c’ = 1.4; V = 53 %. Females (n = 2). L = 1.90 - 1.96 mm; a = 28 - 30; b = 3.7 - 4.0; c = 30 - 33; c’ = 1.4 - 1.6; V = 52 - 53 %. Males (n = 2). L = 1.80 - 1.86 mm; a = 30 - 32; b = 3.6 - 3.8; c = 30 – 31, c’ = 1.6 - 1.7. General description. Body nearly 2 mm long, moderately slender, 60 - 70 µm wide at middle. Cuticle smooth, 2.5 - 3.0 µm thick on mid-body, somewhat thinner than odontostyle at the same level. Lip region 20 - 21 µm wide, well offset by a depression, lips angular. Body at posterior end of oesophagus 2.8 - 3.3 times as wide as head. Amphids occupying nearly two-thirds of corresponding body width. Odontostyle 26 - 27 µm long, 1.2 - 1.3 times longer than labial diameter, with aperture occupying one-third of stylet length. Oesophagus 518 - 530 µm long, widened at its middle. Oesophageal gland nuclei clearly discernible, except for nucleus AS 1. Dorsal nucleus lying at 60 - 62 % of oesophagus length or at 15 - 17 % of total body length. Other nuclei: AS 2 = 38 - 39 %, PS 1 = 70 - 73 %, PS 2 = 72 - 74 %. Glandularium 197 - 210 µm long. Distance between posterior end of oesophagus and vulva equal to the length of oesophagus. Female. Vulva transverse with heavily sclerotized inner lips. Vagina 45 µm, longer than half body width. Anterior gonad 4.5 body widths long or 16 % of body length, posterior gonad 4.7 body widths long or 17 % of body length. Uterine eggs not observed. Pre-rectum as long as 2, rectum as long as 1.2 anal body widths, the former possessing a distinct caudal blind sack. Vulva-anus distance equal to fourteen tail lengths. Tail 62 - 65 µm long, strongly tapered behind its middle, its ventral contour first almost straight, but ventrally curved on its sharp tip. Ventral cuticle of tail with some blisters; tip of tail with an “ empty ” central zone. Male. Pre-rectum beginning within the range of supplements. Spermatozoa fusiform, 7 - 8 µm long. Spicula 80 - 82 µm long. Ventromedial supplements eight, small, separate, their row occupying 130 µm. Tail similar to that of female, 64 - 65 µm long, curved only on its tip. Main characters and relationships. This new species is characterized by the shape and size of the body, thin cuticle, strongly offset head, length of the odontostyle, number of supplements, and by the shape and structure of the tail. It strongly resembles Eudorylaimus maritus Andrássy, 1959 and E. maritoides Zell, 1986. It differs from E. maritus by the thinner cuticle (2.5 - 3.0 vs. 4 - 5 µm), more strongly separated head, longer spicula (80 - 82 vs. 70 - 77 µm) and by the hardly bent tail possessing a central “ empty ” zone. It differs from Zell’s (1986) species by the shorter body (1.9 - 2.0 vs. 2.5 - 2.7 mm), and the hardly curved tail of different structure.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC7FF48FC4EF925FE2A76EB.taxon	type_taxon	Type specimens. Holotype female on slide No. 14952. Paratypes: two females and two males. All in the collection of the author.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFC7FF48FC4EF925FE2A76EB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin par means: a pair or a couple, referring to the fact that both female and male specimens occurred in the type population.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFCAFF48FF49F9F4FA737B5D.taxon	description	(Fig. 6) Holoype female. L = 2.38 mm; a = 21; b = 4.6; c = 46; c’ = 1.2; V = 48 %. Females (n = 4). L = 2.30 - 2.62 mm; a = 21 - 23; b = 4.1 - 4.5; c = 41 - 49; c’ = 1.1 - 1.3; V = 47 - 51 %. General description. A robust nematode of large size; body 94 - 115 µm wide at mid-region. Cuticle smooth and thick, 4 - 6 µm on mid-body and 6 - 8 µm on tail, consisting of the usual two layers (under light microscope): an out-er, thinner and transparent and an inner, “ darker ” (not transparent) and thicker layer. Labial region 19 - 21 µm wide, somewhat sunk and strongly separated from adjacent body by a deep constriction. Body at posterior end of oesophagus 4.2 - 5.3 times as wide as head. Amphid about as wide as half the corresponding body width. Odontostyle relatively short, 24 - 26 µm, 1 / 20 - 1 / 24 of oesophagus length, about 1.2 times as long as labial width, thicker than cuticle at same level. Aperture occupying more than half of stylet length. Guiding apparatus aporcelaimoid, dorsally thicker than ventrally. Oesophagus 480 - 625 µm long, widened somewhat before its middle. Distance between posterior end of oesophagus and vulva 1.1 - 1.2 times as long as oesophagus. Oesophageal gland nuclei, because of the heavy muscular tissue, moderately distinct. Dorsal nucleus located at 51 - 57 % of oesophagus length or at 12 - 13 % of entire length of body. AS 1 = 21 - 24 %, AS 2 = 45 - 48 %, PS 1 = 70 - 72 %, PS 2 = 72 - 73 %. Glandularium 220 - 235 µm long. Female. Vulva transverse with strongly sclerotized inner lips; vagina 40 - 42 µm, occupying less than half of corresponding body diameter. Gonads quite short, each 2.2 - 2.5 body widths long or occupying 9 - 12 % of body length. Uterine egg not observed; no spermatozoa in uterus. Pre-rectum 2.5 - 3.0, rectum 1.2 - 1.4 anal body widths long. Vulva-anus distance equal to 20 - 25 tail lengths. Tail 40 - 58 µm long or 2.0 - 2.3 % of total body length, as long as or a little longer than anal body diameter, straight, distinctly concave on its dorsal contour and rounded on tip. Outer layer of cuticle (along with the terminal lacuna) thicker than inner layer. Male. Not found.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFCAFF48FF49F9F4FA737B5D.taxon	discussion	In several morphological structures the new species is most closely related to Aporcelaimellus alius Andrássy, 2002, which was described from sedge roots and wet grassy soil in the Fertő-Hanság National Park, Hungary (Andrássy, 2002). Aporcelaimellus crassus can be distinguished from its relative by the longer and thicker body (2.3 - 2.6 vs. 1.8 - 2.2 mm long; 94 - 115 vs. 82 - 90 µm wide at middle), somewhat longer odontostyle (24 - 26 vs. 21 - 23 µm), longer pre-rectum (2.5 - 3.0 vs. 1.5 - 2.2 anal body widths), and particularly by the shape of the tail. The latter is longer and more conoid (c’ = 1.1 - 1.3 vs. 0.7 - 1.0) and narrowly rounded on tip (vs. rather broadly rounded).	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFCAFF48FF49F9F4FA737B5D.taxon	type_taxon	Type specimens. Holotype female on slide No. 14953. Paratypes: six females and three juveniles. All in the collection of the author.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFCAFF48FF49F9F4FA737B5D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin crassus = thick or fat.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFCBFF4EFF7BF88BFB187B4D.taxon	description	(Fig. 7) Females (n = 2). L = 1.54 - 1.68 mm; a = 22 - 23; b = 4.0 - 4.6; c = 40 - 46; c’ = 0.7 - 0.8; V = 44 - 45 %. Body 77 - 80 µm wide at middle. Cuticle 3 - 4 µm thick on mid-body and 8 - 9 µm on tail. Lip region rounded, offset by a slight depression, 19 - 20 µm wide. Body at posterior end of oesophagus 3.5 - 3.6 times as wide as head. Odontostyle long and thin, 50 - 51 µm, 2.5 - 2.6 times as long as labial width; odontophore 52 - 54 µm long. Oesophagus widened at 62 - 63 %. Dorsal nucleus located at 64 - 68 % of oesophagus length or 14 - 16 % of entire length of body. AS 1 = 22 - 26 %, AS 2 = 28 - 32 %, PS 1 = 53 - 56 %, PS 2 = 56 - 57 %; AS nuclei small, rather inconspicuous, PS nuclei prominent. Glandularium 115 - 133 µm long. Vulva a transverse slit with large and heavily sclerotized inner lips. Vagina strong, 40 - 44 µm long, extending well over half a body diameter. Each genital branch about four body widths long. Tail 28 - 30 µm long, broadly rounded, hemispheroid. The present specimens fit well the morphological characters of Enchodelus groenlandicus as recently described by Guerrero and Peña-Santiago (2008). This is the second record of this rare species after its original description; E. groenlandicus has previously been reported from terrestrial habitats in Greenland and Spain. The Albanian specimens were observed in terrestrial habitats at localities No. 8 b and 11 b.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFCDFF4FFF40FF34FDAA75AA.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFCDFF4FFF40FF34FDAA75AA.taxon	description	Females (n = 6). L = 1.48 - 1.85 mm; a = 28 - 34; b = 5.2 - 6.0; c = 32 - 36; c’ = 1.7 - 1.8; V = 49 - 52 %. Body moderately slender, mostly C-shaped upon fixation. Cuticle thin and apparently smooth. Lip region separated by a depression, 11 - 13 µm wide; lips amalgamated. Body at posterior end of oesophagus 3.3 - 4.0 times as wide as head. Odontostyle small and thin, 12 - 13 µm, about as long as labial width; odontophore simple. Oesophagus 285 - 310 µm long, expanded at 62 - 64 %. Dorsal nucleus located at 70 - 74 % of oesophagus length or at 12 - 14 % of entire length of body. AS 1 = 21 - 25 %, AS 2 = 28 - 33 %. Posterior pair of nuclei unusually large and located far from posterior margin of cylindrus: PS 1 = 48 - 54 %, PS 2 = 48 - 56 %. Glandularium 84 - 94 µm long. Pre-rectum as long as 2.3 - 3.3 anal body diameters, rectum as long as or slightly longer than the latter diameter. Vulva transverse with heavily sclerotized inner lips, vagina 32 - 34 µm long, occupying more than half body diameter. Female genital tract well developed and long, Gonads 4.8 - 6.4 times as long as mid-body width, or occupying 15 - 18 % of total length of body. Tail conoid, ventrally curved, 45 - 52 µm long, only 3 % of total length of body. On the basis of the original specimens of Thorne (1939) and the freshly collected Spanish and Romanian specimens, good re-descriptions are due to Guerrero and Peña-Santiago (2007), Guerrero et al. (2007), and Ciobanu et al. (2009). According to them, H. brevidentatus is closely related to H. morgensis (Loof, 1989) Andrássy, 2009, but differs from the latter by the more anteriorly located dorsal oesophageal nucleus (67 - 72 vs. 80 - 82 %), and the strongly sclerotized vulval lips. The Albanian specimens fit the descriptions of the Spanish / Romanian authors, except for the smooth cuticle (vs. faintly striated), the shape of the vulval sclerotization and the very long gonads. In the length of the body they are closer to the American specimens (1.45 - 1.70 mm), but in the length of the odontostyle to the European ones (1.15 - 1.30 µm, while 1.45 - 1.70 µm in American specimens). Distribution. Heterodorus brevidentatus, a rather rare representative of the genus, has hitherto been recorded from Europe (Hungary, Romania, Italy, Spain) and North America (United States). The present specimens were found in mosses at locality No. 16 b.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
316FE130FFCDFF4CFE82F8C7FBCD7233.taxon	description	(Fig. 9) Female s (n = 2). L = 1.69 - 1.74 mm; a = 35 - 36; b = 3.7 - 3.8; c = 38 - 40; c’ = 0.7; V = 39 - 40 %. Body slender, 47 - 49 µm wide at middle; nearly straight after fixation. Cuticle smooth, 3 µm wide at mid-body and 6 - 7 µm on tail. Lip region rounded, 14 µm wide, lips amalgamated. Body at posterior end of oesophagus 3.4 - 3.6 times as wide as head. Four small sclerotized platelets present at the entrance of mouth cavity. Odontostyle long and slender, slightly sinuate, 32 - 34 µm, 2.2 - 2.4 times as long as labial width. Odontophore rodlike. Guide ring double but thin. Oesophagus 448 - 456 µm long, widened at 47 - 48 %. Dorsal oesophageal nucleus located at 52 - 54 % of oesophagus length or 14 % of entire length of body. AS 1 = 20 - 22 %, AS 2 = 24 - 26 %, PS 1 = 65 - 66 %, PS 2 = 66 - 67 %. Glandularium 204 - 208 µm long. Pre-rectum 3.2 - 4.4 times as long as anal body width, rectum shorter than anal body diameter. Female genital organ mono-opisthodelphic. Vulva transverse with sclerotized inner lips; vagina 25 - 27 µm long, equal to half body width. Anterior uterine sac shorter than half a body width. Posterior gonad 5.0 - 5.4 body widths long or occupying 14 - 15 % of total body length. Vulva-anus distance equal to 33 - 36 tail lengths. Tail 28 - 30 µm long, hemispheroid, distinctly clavate with very thick cuticle. The present specimens agree well with the original description of Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1979). Pungentus clavatus is easily recognized by the shape of its tail. It is a fairly rare species, hitherto observed in Europe (Poland, Spain, Italy), Asia (India) and North America (Canada). The Albanian specimens came from a grassy soil at locality No. 8 a.	en	Andrássy, I. (2009): Free-living Nematodes from Albania, including the description of three new species. Nematologia Mediterranea 37: 73-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10728610
