identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
312E8791FF88FFA0FF20FAB8279A7DFF.text	312E8791FF88FFA0FF20FAB8279A7DFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespidae	<div><p>Key to species of the eusocial wasps occurring in Sulawesi Island</p><p>The present key is applicable to both females (“queens” and “workers”) and males unless the sexes are specified. Because of uncertainty of species identity and/or uncertainty of their establishment in Sulawesi Island as mentioned in “Taxonomic accounts and notes on distribution”, Ropalidia crassa van der Vecht, 1941, R. jacobsoni (du Buysson, 1908) and R. variegata (Smith, 1852), are not included in this key. In addition to the figures given in this paper, the figures that can be referred to are available in van der Vecht (1941, 1962, and 1966), Archer (1989), Kojima (1999), Kojima et al. (2002) and Carpenter and Nguyen (2003).</p><p>1. Hind coxa with dorsal longitudinal carina on posterior face (Fig. 13 in Carpenter and Nguyen, 2003). Hind wing without jugal lobe. Metasoma sessile; T1 with anterior abrupt declivity (Figs. 1, 3–4; Figs. 14–15 in Carpenter and Nguyen, 2003)....................................................................................... 2, Vespinae, genus Vespa</p><p>- Hind coxa without carina (Figs. 38–39 in Carpenter and Nguyen, 2003). Hind wing with jugal lobe. Metasoma variable in shape, subsessile or petiolate (Figs. 8, 11, 13, 17, 19–20, 22–25; Figs. 16–18 in Carpenter and Nguyen, 2003)...................................................................................................... 5, Polistinae</p><p>2. Female clypeus with bluntly triangular tooth on each side of ventromedian excision (Fig. 27A in Archer, 1989). Body covered with stiff hairs. T1 almost entirely colored orange (T1 and 2 each with apical yellowish orange band) (Fig. 1)........................................................................................ Vespa tropica (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>- Female clypeus with short, broadly rounded lobe on each side of ventromedian excision (Fig. 6). T1 mostly black (Figs. 2–3, 5) or with dorsal face nearly entirely orange yellow (Fig. 4)................................................... 3</p><p>3. Pronotal carina widely interrupted by pronotal fovea (Fig. 29B in Archer, 1989). Pretegular carina extending ventrally to the level of middle of pronotal tubercle (Fig. 29B in Archer, 1989). T4 with broad apical yellowish-brown band (Figs. 2–3).............................................................................. Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836</p><p>- Pronotal carina only narrowly interrupted by pronotal fovea (Fig. 29A in Archer, 1989). Pretegular carina extending ventrally beyond the level of ventral margin of pronotal tubercle (Fig. 29A in Archer, 1989)................................. 4</p><p>4. T1 relatively long, more than 2/3 as long as T2 length in dorsal view. Head and mesosoma black, sometimes with ferruginous or dull red markings, never with yellow markings. T1 with dorsal face largely orange yellow and T2 entirely orange yellow (Fig. 4)......................................................................... Vespa affinis (Linnaeus, 1764)</p><p>- T1 short, transverse, about half as long as T2 length in dorsal view. Body black, with following parts cream-yellow: apical margin of clypeus, metanotum, apical band of T1 (Figs. 5–6)............................. Vespa fervida Smith, 1859</p><p>5. First metasomal segment subsessile, not petiolate (Figs. 8, 10–11, 13); S1 bluntly angled basally (Fig. 8).............................................................................................. 6, Polistini, genus Polistes</p><p>- First metasomal segment in most cases petiolate (Figs. 17, 19–20, 22–23); S1 flat throughout.............. 9, Ropalidiini</p><p>6. Clypeus not produced dorsally beyond the level of anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 7). Pronotal fovea present. Mesepisternum with dorsal groove, without epicnemial groove. Body brown to dark brown; T1 and S1 brown or blackish brown (Figs. 7–8)............................................................... Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836</p><p>- Clypeus produced dorsally beyond the level of anterior tentorial pits (Figs. 9, 12, 14). Pronotal fovea, epicnemial carina and dorsal groove, all absent. Body color and markings similar to P. tenebricosus (Figs. 9–10; P. sagittarius) or much brighter (Figs. 11–14)............................................................................ 7, subgenus Polistella</p><p>7. Larger species; forewing length 15-20 mm. Gena wide, in profile about 0.7-0.9 times as wide as eye in female (Fig. 10). Fore wing without a dark spot. Propodeum with strong transverse striae. Body ferruginous to dark brown, sometimes T1 and/or T2 with orange-yellow or dark brownish bands (Fig. 8).................. Polistes (Polistella) sagittarius de Saussure, 1853</p><p>- Smaller species, forewing length 11-14 mm. Gena about 0.6-0.7 times as wide as eye in female (Figs. 11, 13). Fore wing with apical dark spot (Figs. 11, 13). Propodeum shallowly excavated medially and with weak transverse striae. Body with extensive yellow and reddish-brown markings (Figs. 11–14)............................... 8, Polistes (Polistella) stigma group</p><p>8. Hind tarsal claw asymmetrical (Fig. 15). Clypeus reddish-brown in basal half and yellow in apical half, with a small pair reddish-brown spots on the apex, scattered punctures, rather deep punctures (Fig. 12). T1-4 with apical yellow bands; S2-4 with broad apical yellow bands (Fig. 11)..................................... Polistes (Polistella) celebensis Selis, 2018</p><p>- Hind tarsal claws more or less symmetrical (Fig. 16). Clypeus entirely yellow, with shallow punctures (Fig. 14). T4 without apical yellow band, S2 with posterolateral spots and S3 with narrow apical yellow band (Fig. 13)................................................................................ Polistes (Polistella) stigma stigma (Fabricius, 1793)</p><p>9. Pronotal fovea, dorsal groove of mesepisternum, pretegular carina, all present (Fig. 17; Fig. 39 in Carpenter and Nguyen, 2003). T2 and S2 not fused, overlapping (Fig. 17). Body mostly brown with yellow markings (Figs. 17–18; Fig. 12 in van der Vecht, 1966).................................................................. Parapolybia varia (Fabricius, 1787)</p><p>- Pronotal fovea, dorsal groove of mesepisternum, pretegular carina, all absent (Figs. 19–20, 22–25; Fig. 38 in Carpenter and Nguyen, 2003). T2 and S2 fused, leaving at most suture (Figs. 19–20, 22–24)...................... 10, genus Ropalidia</p><p>10. Suture between T2 and S2 more or less distinct, visible from base to apex of the segment (Fig. 19; Fig. 19 in van der Vecht, 1941). First metasomal segment elongate, flask-shaped, more than twice as long as wide in dorsal view. T1 laterally rufous, rarely with yellow spots at base; S2 rarely with yellow spots (Fig. 19)............. Ropalidia mathematica (Smith, 1860)</p><p>- Suture between T2 and S2 indistinct, hardly visible in posterior part (Figs. 20, 22–24). First metasomal segment shorter, less than twice as long as wide in dorsal view (Fig. 21)......................................................... 11</p><p>11. Propodeum with paired basal longitudinal carinae, running from posterolateral angles of metanotum (Fig. 21).......... 12</p><p>- Propodeum without carinae............................................................................ 13</p><p>12. In dorsal view head narrower than mesosoma excluding tegulae; female gena narrow, less than half as wide as eye in lateral view (Fig. 22). Apical margin of T2 and S2 armed with short, blunt teeth (Fig. 22; Fig. 9 in van der Vecht, 1941). Body coarsely punctate, clypeus with scattered punctures......................................... Ropalidia pilosa (Smith, 1858)</p><p>- In dorsal view head wider than mesosoma excluding tegulae; female gena as wide as eye in lateral view (Fig. 20). Apical margin of T2 and S2 without teeth (Fig. 20). Body not strongly punctate, but clypeus densely punctate............................................................................................ Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier, 1836)</p><p>13. T1 elongate (Fig. 23), in dorsal view gradually swollen posteriorly and narrowed near apical margin. Second metasomal seg-ment in lateral view obliquely cut off apically, T2 longer than S2 (Fig. 23). Male terminal antennal flagellomere bullet-shaped (Fig. 3 in Kojima, 1999)................................................... Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith, 1860)</p><p>- T1 short (Figs. 24–25), in dorsal view gradually swollen posteriorly toward apical margin. Male terminal antennal flagellomere slightly curved...................................................................................... 14</p><p>14. T1 gradually swollen dorsally from the posterior end of basal slit for the ligament connecting propodeum and T1, then strongly widened laterally as long as less than 1.5 times high (Fig. 43 in van der Vecht, 1941). Median excavation of propodeum rather shallow............................................................. Ropalidia cyathiformis (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>- T1 barely petiolate basally, in lateral view abruptly swollen dorsally at the posterior end of basal slit to receive propodeal liga-ment (Figs. 24–25). Median excavation of propodeum rather wide and deep................ 15, Ropalidia plebeja group</p><p>15. T 1 in lateral view strongly swollen dorsally just behind basal slit to receive propodeal ligament, with dorsal surface relatively broadly curved down toward posterior margin from its highest point, in dorsal view distinctly narrowing posteriorly near pos-terior margin (Fig. 24; Figs. 8–9 in Kojima et al., 2002). In female, POD less than 3 times Od (Fig. 13 in Kojima et al., 2002); gena in lateral view less than 0.9 times as wide as eye (Fig. 24; Fig. 2 in Kojima et al., 2002)............................................................................................... Ropalidia plebeja (de Saussure, 1862)</p><p>- T 1 in lateral view less strongly swollen dorsally at posterior margin, with dorsal face broadly and weakly curving down toward posterior margin from its highest point, in dorsal view barely narrowing posteriorly (Fig. 25; Figs. 55–56 in Kojima et al., 2002). In female, POD more than 3 times Od (Fig. 50 in Kojima et al., 2002); gena in lateral view nearly as wide as eye (Fig. 25; Fig. 49 in Kojima et al., 2002)..................................... Ropalidia celebensis (van der Vecht, 1941)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF88FFA0FF20FAB8279A7DFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8AFFA0FF20FD0C23347A27.text	312E8791FF8AFFA0FF20FD0C23347A27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespa affinis (Linnaeus 1764)	<div><p>Vespa affinis (Linnaeus, 1764)</p><p>(Figs. 4, 26)</p><p>Apis affinis Linnaeus, 1764: 417 .</p><p>Vespa affinis rufonigrans van der Vecht, 1957: 28 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: North Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MZB), 4.iv.1985; 2 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 210 m, 47 km WSW Kotomobagu, Domoga-Bone NP [ca. 00˚44’S 124˚19’E], v.1985; 1 ♀ (MZB), 51 m SW Kotomobagu, 21.v.1985; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 01°30’N 125°11’E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.4666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.85/lat 1.4666667)">Tangkoko</a>, 26.xi.1999, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 01°28’N 124°51’E, Manado, 28.xi.1999, JK; Central Sulawesi: 16 ♀, 8 ♂ (MZB; paratypes of Vespa affinis rufonigrans), Palu [ca. 00˚54’S 119˚53’E], C. Frassen [16 ♀, 4 ♂, i.1937; 4 ♀, ii.1937]; South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 1 ♂ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, alt. ca. 185 m, Rante Angin, Tinukari, 4.viii.2009, RU et al. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.4/lat -2.05)">Indonesian Archipelago</a> other than Sulawesi I.: Sumatra I.: Jambi: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 02°03’S 101°22’E, alt. ca. 825 m, Bukit Sentiong, Sungai Penuh, 21.v.2017, AH; 5 ♀ (IUNH), 02°03’S 101°24’E, alt. ca. 800 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.4/lat -2.05)">Sungai Penuh</a>, 11.vii.2017, AH ; West Sumatra: 5 ♀ (SEHU), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.65/lat -9.916667)">Lubuk Minturun</a> [ca. 00˚50’S 100˚22’E], SKY [1 ♀, 17.x.1980; 2 ♀, 6.xi.1980; 2 ♀, 14.xi.1980]; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 00°50’S 100°22’E, alt. ca. 300 m, Lubuk Minturun, 3.xi.2001, JK; 1 ♀ (SEHU), Simpang Tabing, Padang [ca. 00˚52’S 100˚21’E], 18.i.1984, T. Inoue; 1 ♀ (SEHU), Lubuk Paraku, Padang [ca. 00˚57’S 100˚30’E], 28.vii.1984, A. Ja-mal; Flores I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°44’S 121°45’E, Sipizena, Detusoko, Ende, 26.i.2003, JK; Sumba I.: 3 ♀ (IUNH), 09°40’S 120°22’E, Watunbaga, Pandawai, 28.i.2003, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 09°45’S 120°35’E, Wanga, 29.i.2003, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 09°55’S 120°39’E, alt. ca. 120 m, Watuhadang, Umalulu, 29.i.2003, JK &amp; RU; New Guinea I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), 04˚37’S 136˚54’W, alt. ca. 25 m, Freeport Concession, Timika, 25.iii.1998, RU &amp; D. Peggie .</p><p>Remarks. This species, represented by local color forms (Bequaert, 1936; van der Vecht, 1957; Archer, 1997), is widely distributed in the Oriental and Papuan regions, from the eastern parts of Indian subcontinent in the west, through Southeast Asia to New Britain and New Ireland in the east. The present species occurs throughout Sulawesi I. and the color pattern of the Sulawesian population is the same as those of the populations of Borneo I. and North Moluccas; the head is mostly ferruginous and the first two metasomal terga are entirely orange yellow (see also van der Vecht (1957:28)).</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: throughout the archipelago, including New Guinea I.; Eastern parts of Indian subcontinent; Sri Lanka; Indochina Peninsular; southern parts of continental China; Taiwan; Ryukyu Islands south of Miyako I.; Palawan I., New Britain and New Ireland Islands (van der Vecht, 1957; Nguyen et al., 2006a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF8AFFA0FF20FD0C23347A27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8DFFA7FF20FF7027857E22.text	312E8791FF8DFFA7FF20FF7027857E22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespa fervida Smith 1859	<div><p>Vespa fervida Smith, 1859</p><p>(Figs. 5–6, 26)</p><p>Vespa fervida, Smith, 1858: 23 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: North Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), Tangkoko, Batuangus nature reserve [ca. 01˚32’N 125˚12’E], ca. 40 km east of Manado, 25.xi.1999, JK; 4 ♀ (IUNH), Lake Moat [ca. 00˚46’N 124˚27’E], 30.xi.1999, JK ; West Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MZB), 02˚52’S 119˚22’E, alt. ca. 1.750 m, Mamasa, Gunung Gandang De-wata, 20.iv.2016, Sih Kahono; South East Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MZB), Watu Wila [ca. 03˚45’S 121˚41’E], 20.x.1989, Sih Kahono; North Kolaka: 1 ♂ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, alt. ca. 100 m, Rante Angin, Tinukari, 12.viii.2009, RU et al.; 2 ♀ (MZB), 03˚64’S 121˚09’E, alt. ca. 400 m, Wawo, Tinukari, 26.vi.2010, RU et al.; 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚11’E, alt. ca. 1.450 m, Wawo, Tinukari, 14.vii.2011, RU et al .; South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 02°59’S 119°53’E, Rantepao; Tana Toraja, 29.x.2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚28’S 119˚47’E, alt. ca. 500 m, Bambapuang, Anggeraja, Enrekang, 18.viii.2014, JK et al.; Wawonii I.: 7 ♀ (MZB), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.88333/lat -2.9833333)">Langara</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.88333/lat -2.9833333)">Lampeapi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.9833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.88333/lat -2.9833333)">Lowibueni Forest</a> [ca. 04˚08’S 123˚07’E], Awit S. &amp; Darmawan [1 ♀, 25.iv.2004; 6 ♀, alt. ca. 70-135 m, 29.iv-02.v.2004] .</p><p>Remarks. Vespa fervida is distributed throughout Sulawesi I. and is endemic to the island and its adjacent small islands. Its sister species, V. luctuosa de Saussure, 1854 (Perrard et al., 2013), is distributed in the Philippine Islands except Palawan I. (van der Vecht, 1957).</p><p>Distribution records: Sulawesi I., Selayar I., Buton I., (van der Vecht, 1957), Wawonii I. (present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF8DFFA7FF20FF7027857E22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8DFFA6FF20FC6126B57DED.text	312E8791FF8DFFA6FF20FC6126B57DED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespa tropica (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Vespa tropica (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(Figs. 1, 26)</p><p>Sphex tropica Linnaeus, 1758: 571 .</p><p>Vespa tropica trimeres van der Vecht, 1957: 19 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: North Sulawesi: 4 ♀ (MZB), Dumoga-Bone NP (=Bogani Nani Wartabone NP), 47 km WSW Kotomabagu, Torant [ca. 00˚38‘N 123˚37‘E], alt. ca. 210 m [1 ♀, iv.1985; 3 ♀, v.1985] ; 1 ♀ (MZB), 04˚27’S 122˚04’E, alt. ca. 25 m, Dumoga-Bone NP, 26.xi.2011, Darmawan . Central Sulawesi: 5 ♀ (MZB, paratypes of trimeres), Palu [ca. 00˚54’S 119˚53’E], ii.1937, C. Frassen). South East Sulawes i: North Kolaka: 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚38.2’S 121˚04’E, Mekongga mountain 8 km nr Tinukari, 3.vii.2009, S. Heydon; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, alt. ca. 40 m, Wawo, Tinukari (camp 1), 12.viii.2009, GY . South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MZB, paratype of trimeres), Tooyonbae, Palopo [ca. 03˚00’S 120˚12’E], alt. ca. 1,000 m, viii.1936, L. J. Toxopeus; 5 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB, paratypes of trimeres), Nanggala, Rantepao [ca. 02˚58’S 119˚52’E], alt. ca. 900 m, v.1938, F. C. Drescher; 1 ♀ (MZB, paratype of trimeres), Masamba, Luwu [ca. 02˚26’S 120˚22’E], 16.v.1941, H. &amp; E. Vonk; 1 ♀ (MZB, para-type of trimeres), Bantimurung [ca. 04˚58’S 119˚39’E], alt. ca. 50 m, 9-18.viii.1949, A. Djakonoff &amp; Manis. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Borneo I.: East Kalimantan: 12 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), Bukit Soeharto [ca. 00˚56’S 116˚58’E], H. Makihara [1 ♀, 1 ♂, 6.i.1998; 2 ♀, 12.i.1998; 1 ♀, 26.i.1998; 6 ♀, 9.ii.1998; 1 ♀, 23.ii.1998; 1 ♀, 9.iii.1998]; Sumatra I.: West Sumatra: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Padang [ca. 00°56’S 100°27’E], 23.xi.1980, SKY; 20 ♀ (SEHU), Lubuk Minturun [ca. 00˚50’S 100˚22’E], SKY [1 ♀, 27.xi.1980; 1 ♀, 5.xii.1980; 1 ♀, 12.xii.1980; 1 ♀, 14.xii.1980; 2 ♀, 19.xii.1980; 4 ♀, 3.vii.1981; 1 ♀, 5.vii.1981; 1 ♀, 10.vii.1981; 1 ♀, 24.vii.1981; 1 ♀, 25.vii.1981; 1 ♀, 30.vii.1981; 3 ♀, 1.viii.1981; 1 ♀, 7.viii.1981; 1 ♀, 18.viii.1981]; 2 ♀ (SEHU), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.93333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.45/lat -0.93333334)">Sungai Dareh</a> [ca. 00˚57’S 101˚30’E] [1 ♀, 11.x.1983, Inoue, T.; 1 ♀, 17.xi.1984, Asril]; 4 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 1.650 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.93333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.45/lat -0.93333334)">Talang Lake</a> [ca. 01˚01’S 100˚42’E], 12.xii.1987, Siti Salmah ; Java I.: West Java: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 06°33’S 107°04’E, Cimenyan, Sukamakmur, Jonggol, Bogor, 25.x.2000, JK; East Java: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 07°51’S 114°28’E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.433334/lat -7.8333335)">Baluran NP</a>, 14.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 07°50’S 114°26’E, Baluran NP, 15.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; Bali I.: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 08°14’S 114°27’E, Bali <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.53333/lat -8.483334)">Barat NP</a>, 13.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU. Sumbawa I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°35’S 117°17’E, alt. ca. 800 m, Batudulang, Batulan-teh, 10.xi.2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°29’S 118°32’E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.53333/lat -8.483334)">Ndano</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.53333/lat -8.483334)">Mada Pangga (Bolo)</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.53333/lat -8.483334)">Bima</a>, 13.xi.2000, JK .</p><p>Remarks. This species, representing many local color forms, is widely distributed in the Oriental and Papuan Region, from Afghanistan to New Guinea and its adjacent islands (van der Vecht, 1957; Carpenter &amp; Kojima, 1997). Having the first metasomal tergum extensively marked with orange-yellow, the Sulawesian population shows similar coloration to that of the New Guinean population (see also van der Vecht (1957:19)).</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: throughout the archipelago, including New Guinea I.; Afghanistan; Indian subcontinent; Sri Lanka; southern parts of continental China; Indochina Peninsular; Philippine Islands; New Britain (van der Vecht, 1957; Carpenter &amp; Kojima, 1997; Nguyen et al., 2006a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF8DFFA6FF20FC6126B57DED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8CFFA5FF20FAFE21A37E96.text	312E8791FF8CFFA5FF20FAFE21A37E96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespa velutina Lepeletier 1836	<div><p>Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836</p><p>(Figs. 2–3, 26)</p><p>Vespa velutina ”De Haan ” Lepeletier, 1836: 507.</p><p>Vespa velutina var. celebensis Pérez, 1910: 12 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South East Sulawesi: Mekongga forest: 2 ♀ (MZB), 9.iv.2013 [1 ♀, alt. ca. 1.890 m; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 1.878 m]; South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MNHN, holotype of celebensis), Bua-Kraeng (= Mount Bawakaraeng) [ca. 05˚19’S 119˚57’E]. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Simeuleu I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), 02˚31’S 96˚8’E, alt. ca. 16 m, Kuala Makmur, 25.vii.2017, Darmawan &amp; Oskar Effendi; Sumatra I.: Aceh: 1 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 2.000 -2.700 m, Mt. Leuser [ca. 03˚46’N 97˚10’E], 1.ii.1937, A. Hoogerwerf; North Sumatra: 1 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 1.400 m, Brastagi [ca. 03˚11’N 98˚30’E], 7-14.xi.1950, M.A. Lieftinck; Jambi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), foot of Mt. Kerinci, alt. ca. 1.500 m [ca. 01˚45’S 101˚19’E], 5.xi.2001, JK; West Sumatra: 2 ♀ (SEHU), Air Sirah, Solok [ca. 00˚58’S 100˚53’E], 29.v.1984, Awalludin Jamal; 2 ♀ (SEHU), Koto Atas, Solok [ca. 00˚58’S 100˚53’E], 17.vi.1984, Awalludin Jamal; 7 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 1.650 m, Talang Lake [ca. 01˚01’S 100˚42’E], 12.xii.1987, Siti Salmah; South Sumatra: 4 ♀ (MZB), Mt. Tanggamoes [ca. 05˚26’S 104˚40’E] [1 ♀, alt. ca. 1.600 m, 29.vi.1934, L.T. Toxopeus; 2 ♀, 2.i.1935, Lieftinck &amp; Toxopeus; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 2.100 m, 19-31.iii.1940, M.A. Lieftinck]; Java I.: West Java: 4 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 1.480 m, Cibodas [ca. 06˚30’S 107˚01’E], 16.iv.1973, C.D. Michener; 3 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 1.350 m, Cibodas [ca. 06˚30’S 107˚03’E], 15-16.v.1993, D.C. Darling; 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), 06˚44’S 106˚32’E, alt. ca. 950 m, Halimun NP, Cikaniki, 5-12.xii.2000, Rofik &amp; Sarino; 1 ♀ (MZB), 06˚44’S 106˚32’E, alt. ca. 900-1.000 m, Gunung Halimun NP, Res. Forest, Gunung Kedung, Cikaniki, 13-20.ii.2001, Woro et al.; 1 ♀ (MZB), 06˚44’S 106˚32’E, alt. ca. 900-1.000 m, Gunung Halimun NP, Cikaniki, 15-22.v.2001, S. Kahono et al.; Central Java: 2 ♀ (MZB), 07˚32’S 110˚22’E, alt. ca. 818 m, Mentuk near Sungai Senowo, Krinjing, Dukun, Magelang, 29.vi.2009, HN; Bali I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 1.200 m, Lake Bratan, Bedugul [ca. 08˚17’S 115˚10’E], 28.iii.1965, Soemadikarta; 9 ♀ (IUNH), 08°17’S 115°09’E, Bedugul, Baturiti, 7.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; 3 ♀ (IUNH), 08°20’S 115°11’E, Gunung Kangen, Tabanan, 8.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°27’S 115°13’E, Petang Badung, 10.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°11’S 114°26’E, Gilimanuk, Negara, 13.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU.; Lombok I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), Pesugulan [ca. 08˚30’S 116˚33’E], 1.i.1980, A. Salim; 1 ♀ (IUNH), Sumbalan Lawang, Bayan [ca. 08˚23’S 116˚29’E], 9.xii.1999, N. Fujiyama; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°33’S 116°25’E, alt. ca. 540 m, Tetebatu, Sikur, 5.xi.2000, JK; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 08°34’S 116°14’E, Taman Wisata Alam, Suranadi, 6.xi.2000, JK; Sumbawa I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°35’S 117°17’E, alt. ca. 800 m, Batudulang, Batulanteh, 10.xi.2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°27’S 118°44’E, Bima, 12.xi.2000 JK; Dompu: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°32’S 118°18’E, alt. ca. 100-150 m, Banggo, Manggalewa, 13.xi.2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08°36’S 118°17’E, Nangatumpuh, Manggalewa, 13.xi.2000, JK; Flores I.: 4 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 1.300 -1.500 m, Ranamese [ca. 08˚35’S 120˚40’E], A.M.R. Wegner [2 ♀, 6.iv.1958; 1 ♀, 7.iv.1958; 1 ♀, 10.iv.1958]; 1 ♀ (IUNH), alt. ca. 1.250 m, nr. Pancasila, Mt. Tambora [ca. 08˚16’S 117˚59’E], 22.ix-2.x.1993, C. v. Achterberg; Timor I.: 5 # (MZB), Kupang [ca. 08˚35’S 120˚40’E] [4 ♀, V.1940; 1 ♀, iii.1950].</p><p>Remarks. This species, representing many local color forms, is widely distributed in the Oriental Region, generally at places of higher altitude (van der Vecht, 1957; Carpenter &amp; Kojima, 1997).</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: throughout the archipelago except for Moluccas and New Guinea I.; Oriental Region, from Afghanistan in the west to Indonesian Archipelago in the east; introduce to Europe, South Korea and Tsushima and Iki Islands and Kyushu in Japan (van der Vecht, 1957; Carpenter &amp; Kojima, 1997; Nguyen et al., 2006a; Villemant et al., 2006; Choi et al., 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF8CFFA5FF20FAFE21A37E96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8FFFA4FF20FB4D26DE7FBE.text	312E8791FF8FFFA4FF20FB4D26DE7FBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus Lepeletier 1836	<div><p>Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836</p><p>(Figs. 7–8, 27)</p><p>Polistes tenebricosa Lepeletier, 1836: 529</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: Sulawesi I.: South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 7 ♀ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, Tinukari, Rante Angin, RU et al. [1 ♀, alt. ca. 100 m, 5.vii.2009; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 65 m, 23.xii.2009; 3 ♀, alt. ca. 186 m, 29.vi.2010; 2 ♀, alt. ca. 100 m, 2.vii.2010]; Kolaka: 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚58’S 121˚34’E, alt. ca. 82 m, Ulunggolaka, Latambaga, Mangulo, 21.xi.2011, Darmawan; South Konawe: 5 ♀ (MZB), 04˚13’S 122˚44’E, alt. ca. 75 m, Sumbersari, Moramo, 25.xii.2009, HN et al.; 3 ♀ (IUNH), 04˚13’S 122˚44’E, alt. ca. 55 m, Sumbersari, Moramo, 22.viii.2014, FSM et al ; 5 ♀ (IUNH), 04˚10’S 112˚29’E, alt. ca. 155 m, Wolasi, 23.viii.2014, FSM et al; Kendari: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 04˚03’S 122˚33’E, alt. ca. 145 m, Nanga Nanga, Andonoahu, 24.viii.2014, FSM et al.; South Sulawesi: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 05˚02’S 119˚44’E, alt. ca. 300 m, Cagar Alam Karaenta, Maros, emerged from nest collected on 27.x.2000, JK. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Sumatra I.: West Sumatra: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Lubuk Minturun [ca. 00˚50’S 100˚22’E], 17.x.1980, SY ; 2 ♀ (SEHU), Sungai Lareh [ca. 00˚57’S 101˚30’E], 29.xi.1980, SY ; 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (SEHU), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.28333/lat -1.6)">Lubuk Gadang</a>, Suka Bumi [ca. 01°36’S 101°17’E], 21.viii.1985, SY &amp; SKY; Jambi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 02˚02’S 101˚17’E, alt. ca. 795 m, Koto Teluk, Sungai Penuh, 21.v.2017, AH; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 02˚03’S 101˚24’E, alt. ca. 800 m, Sungai Penuh, 11.vii.2017, AH; Krakatau I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.0833335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38333/lat -6.0833335)">Rakata Kecil</a> [ca. 06°05’S 105°23’E], 27.vii.1982, SY; Java I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.2833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.833336/lat -6.2833333)">Carita</a>, Banten [ca. 06°17’S 105°50’E], 16.xi.1982, SY; Lombok I.: 1 ♂ (IUNH), 08˚34’S 116˚14’E, Taman Wisata Alam Suranadi, 3.xi.2000, JK; Sumbawa I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚29’S 118˚32’E, Ndano, Mada Pangga (Bolo), Bima, 13.xi.2000, JK; Sumba I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 100 m, Laora, iv.1925, Dammerman .</p><p>Remarks. This species, representing various local color forms, is widely distributed in southern Asia with subtropical and tropical climate, from northwestern India in the west, through continental Southeast Asia, to the Philippines, Sulawesi I. and Flores I. in the Lesser Sunda Islands in the east. The specimens from Sulawesi I. have the color pattern similar to those from so-called Sunda Land (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra I., Borneo I., and Java I.) and to those from eastern Lesser Sunda Islands (see Saito et al., 2005), but Sulawesian specimens have darker or blackish color pattern as described below, different from those from the Eastern Lesser Sunda and any other known color forms of P. tenebricosus .</p><p>Characteristic to the specimens from Sulawesi I.: Body brown to dark brown, with following parts black: lateral projections of clypeus (border ill-defined), mandibular teeth, antennal flagellum except basal half of first flagellomere, median wide band on scutum, mesepisternum except brown spot below tegula and sometimes posteroventral brown spot, metapleuron, coxae, ill-defined posteromedian spot on propodeum, propodeal valvula (often absent), basal parts of T1–4 and S1–3.</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Sumatra I., Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Flores I., Sumba I., Sumbawa I., Sulawesi I.; Northern parts of the Indian subcontinent; southwestern parts of continental China; Taiwan; Indochina Peninsular; Philippines Islands (Palawan I., Luzon I., Negros I., Sibuyan I.) (Carpenter, 1996; Saito et al., 2005; Kojima et al., 2005b; Nugroho et al., 2011; Nguyen &amp; Carpenter, 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF8FFFA4FF20FB4D26DE7FBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8EFFA4FF20FD1D275A7A7B.text	312E8791FF8EFFA4FF20FD1D275A7A7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) celebensis Selis 2018	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) celebensis Selis, 2018</p><p>(Figs. 11–12, 15, 27)</p><p>Polistes (Polistella) celebensis Selis, 2018: 435–438 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MSNVE; holotype of P. celebensis), Maros, Bantimurung NP, IV.2016; South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 2 ♀ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, Wawo, Tinukari [1 ♀, alt. ca. 280 m, 22.xii.2009, HN et al.; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 185 m, 24.vi.2010, RU et al.]; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚39’S 121˚03’E, alt. ca. 45 m, Rante Angin, Tinukari, 2.vii.2010, RU et al.</p><p>Remarks. Selis (2018) described this species based on two females that he purchased from an insect dealer (Selis, personal communication), and thus it is not certain if the collection data is correct (if the data is correct, the specimens might have been collected and exported without permission from the Indonesian authorities). We have not found any specimens of this species from South Sulawesi among many Polistes (Polistella) specimens deposited in the MZB and IUNH. The diagnosis and description of this species given in Selis (2018) are insufficient to differentiate the species from the consubgeners so far described. This species is similar in external appearance and possibly closely allied to Polistes (Polistella) stigma, which has not been recorded but is actually common in Sulawesi I. as given in this paper, and P. celebensis can be differentiated from P. stigma and other consubgeners by the combination of the following characters (states for P. stigma are given in the brackets): POD about one times Od; clypeus covered with rather deep punctures (Fig. 12) [punctures in clypeus shallow (Fig. 14)]; pronotum strongly punctured and without distinct striation, propodeum strongly striate [with weaker transverse striation]; T1 broad about 0.8 times as wide as long; fore wing with distinct cloud in marginal cell; hind tarsal claws asymmetrical (Fig. 15) [more or less symmetrical (Fig. 16)]; body black, with extensive reddish-brown and yellow markings; clypeus reddish-brown in dorsal half, yellow in ventral half, with a small paired brown spots at apex (Fig. 12) [clypeus entirely yellow (Fig. 14)].</p><p>Selis (2018: 437), without referring to P. stigma, mentioned that “black coloration with extensive red markings and some yellow lines seems to be common in Vespidae from Sulawesi, indicating the existence of a mimicry complex” and listed seven species in four eumenine (potter wasp) genera and two polistine Ropalidia species ( R. plebeja and R. pilosa) showing this coloration. The coloration of these eumenine wasps may be considered in the context of Batesian mimicry only when Polistes stigma is taken into consideration, but the two Ropalidia seem to us to have such different coloration from P. celebensis and P. stigma that we could not consider their coloration as Mullerian mimicry.</p><p>Distribution records: Sulawesi I.: South Sulawesi (Selis, 2018), South East Sulawesi (present study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF8EFFA4FF20FD1D275A7A7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF81FFABFF20FF7027027EF4.text	312E8791FF81FFABFF20FF7027027EF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) sagittarius de Saussure 1853	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) sagittarius de Saussure, 1853</p><p>(Figs. 9–10, 27)</p><p>Polistes sagittarius de Saussure, 1853 b: 56 .</p><p>Polistes sagittarius var (or subsp.) indonesicus Bequaert, 1940: 267.</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 2 ♀ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, Tinukari, Wawo [1 ♀, alt. ca. 195 m, 17.xii.2009, HN et al.; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 185 m, 26.vi.2010, RU et al.]; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚64’S 121˚09’E, alt. ca. 400 m, Tinukari, Wawo, 27.vi.2010, RU et al.; Kolaka: 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚58’S 121˚34’E, alt. ca. 80 m, Ulunggolaka, Latambaga, Mangolo, 20.xi.2011, RU et al.; Kendari: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 04˚03’S 122˚33’E, alt. ca. 145 m, Nanga Nanga, Andonoahu, 24.viii.2014, FSM et al.; South Sulawesi: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚28’S 119˚47’E, alt. ca. 500 m, Bambapuang, Anggeraja, Enrekang, 18.viii.2014, JK et al. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Borneo I.: 2 ♀ (MZB), 01˚02’S 117˚02’E, Research Center of Dipterocarp, Wanariset, iii.1992, C. Darling et al.; Sumatra I.: 6 ♀, 3 ♂ (SEHU), alt. ca. 330 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.53333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.51667/lat -0.53333336)">Batu Taba</a>, near Singkarak Lake [ca. 00°32’S 100°31’E], 23.xii.1980, SKY; Java I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), 05˚49’S 106˚33’E, Payung Besar I., Kepulauan Seribu, 7.iv.2005, A. Spengler.</p><p>Remarks. This species is widely distributed in southern Asia with subtropical and tropical climates, with some local color forms. Among the specimens we examined as mentioned above, those from Sulawesi I. have the first two metasomal terga colored darker brown in the apical half and sometimes have the mesepisternum largely marked with black, while the other specimens (Borneo I., Sumatra I. and Java I.) have the first two metasomal terga colored brown rather than dark brown in their apical half and the mesepisternum both anteroventrally and posterodorsally marked with black.</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Sumatra I., Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Flores I., Sumbawa I., Sumba I., Sulawesi I.; Northern parts of the Indian subcontinent; southern parts of continental China; Indochina Peninsular; Palawan I. (Saito et al., 2005; Kojima et al., 2005b; Nguyen &amp; Kojima, 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF81FFABFF20FF7027027EF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF81FFAAFF20FBD322E67E02.text	312E8791FF81FFAAFF20FBD322E67E02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) stigma (Fabricius 1793) stigma (Fabricius 1793	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) stigma stigma (Fabricius, 1793)</p><p>(Figs. 13–14, 16, 27)</p><p>Vespa stigma Fabricius, 1793: 275 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: North Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), Tangkoko-Batuangus nature reserve [ca. 01˚32’N 125˚12’E], 25.xi.1999, JK; 1 ♂ (IUNH), Manado [ca. 01˚30’N 124˚50’E], 28.xi.1999, JK; 1 ♂ (IUNH), Lemuh near Tamohon [ca. 01˚19’N 124˚50’E], 29.xi.1999, JK ; 1 ♀ (IUNH), Rurukan [ca. 01˚20’N 124˚52’E], 29.xi.1999, JK; 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (IUNH), Poigar [ca. 01˚01’N 124˚18’E], 30.xi.1999, JK; 13 ♀, 4 ♂ (IUNH), Maria Lama near Poigar, 1.xii.1999, JK; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 01˚31’S 124˚55’E, alt. ca. 90 m, Mapenget, Manado, 15.ix.2014, JK et al.; South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 16 ♀ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, Rante Angin, Tinukari [1 ♀, alt. ca. 100 m, 5.viii.2009; 2 ♀, alt. ca. 185 m, 6.viii.2009, RU et al.; 8 ♀, alt. ca. 185 m, 7.viii.2009; 3 ♀, alt. ca. 186 m, 8.viii.2009, GY et al.; 2 ♀, alt. ca. 40 m. alt, 12.viii.2009, GY] ; 12 ♀, 13 ♂ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, Wawo, Tinukari [1 ♀, 2 ♂, alt. ca. 205 m, 12.viii.2009, GY et al.; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 195 m, 16.xii.2009; 1 ♂, alt. ca. 195 m, 17.xii.2009, HN et al.; 4 ♀, 2 ♂, alt. ca. 185 m, 25.vi.2010; 2 ♀, 2 ♂, alt. ca. 185 m, 26.vi.2010; 1 ♀, 2 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 27.vi.2010; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 28.vi.2010; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 185 m, 29.vi.2010; 1 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 30.vi.2010; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 185 m, 1.xii.2010, RU et al.]; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚64’S 121˚09’E, alt. ca. 430 m, 29.xi.2010, RU et al .; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚59’S 121˚34’E, alt. ca. 50 m, Ulunggolaka, Batambaga, 14.viii.2009, GY; South Konawe: 2 ♀ (MZB), 04˚13’S 122˚44’E, alt. ca. 75 m, Sumbersari, Moramo, 4.vii.2010, RU et al.; Kendari: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚58’S 122˚31’E, alt. ca. &lt;5 m, Mandongo, 21.viii.2014, JK et al.; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 04˚03’S 122˚33’E, alt. ca. 145 m, Nanga Nanga, Andonoahu, 24.viii.2014, FSM et al.; South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚56’S 119˚41’E, alt. ca. 180 m, Lainungan, Watang Pulu, Sidenreng Rappang, 17.viii.2014, JK et al.; Toraja Utara: 4 ♀ (IUNH), 02˚57’S 119˚58’E, alt. ca. 880 m, Lenbang Tondolangi, Tondon, 18.viii.2014, JK et al.; 5 ♀, 6 ♂ (IUNH), 02˚57’S 119˚59’E, alt. ca. 880 m, Penanian, Nang-gala, 19.viii.2014, FSM et al.; 3 ♀ (IUNH), 02˚58’S 119˚59’E, alt. ca. 960 m, Nanggala, 19.viii.2014, HN et al.; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚28’S 119˚47’E, alt. ca. 500 m, Bambapuang, Anggeraja, Enrekang, 18.viii.2014, JK et al.; Toraja Selatan: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚12’S 119˚53’E, alt. ca. 1010 m, Patengko, Makerdek, 20.viii.2014, FSM et al.; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 05˚03’S 119˚31’E, alt. ca. 30 m, Maros near airport, 21.viii.2014, JK et al. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Sumatra I.: 16 ♀, 19 ♂ (SEHU), Lubuk Minturun [ca. 00˚50’S 100˚22’E], 13.viii.1982; Sipora I. in Mentawai Islands: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Sioban [ca. 02˚12’S 99˚43’E], 28.vii.1985, SY &amp; SKY ; Java I.: 2 ♀ (MZB), 07˚50’S 114˚26’E, Baluran NP, 14.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; Bali I.: 2 ♀ (MZB), 08˚08’S 115˚04’E, Singaraja, 9.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; Lombok I .: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚44’S 116˚05’E, Lewdang Andus, Sekotong, 6.xi.2000, JK .</p><p>Remarks. Polistes stigma is known to be widely distributed in southern continental Asia, Malay Archipelago, Australia and Pacific Islands, from the Indian subcontinent in the west to Solomon Islands in the east; but the species has not so far been recorded from Sulawesi I. Petersen (1987) recognized 19 subspecies in this species. Selis (2018) synonymized three Philippine “subspecies” (alagari Petersen, 1987, dubius de Saussure, 1867, and manillensis de Saussure, 1854) under the nominal species, but, as Carpenter (1996) pointed out, whether these “subspecies” are diagnosable species or synonyms can be determined based on careful comparative studies, possibly in a revision. In this paper, we maintain “subspecies” of Petersen (1987) and have found that the above-listed specimens from Sulawesi I. have characteristics of the nominotypical “subspecies”. Though the wasp has not been recorded in Sulawesi I., it might be distributed throughout the island and seems to be the commonest Polistes species in the island.</p><p>Distribution records of the nominotypical “subspecies”: Indonesian Archipelago: Sumatra I. and adjacent islands, Java I., Bali I., Borneo I., Lombok I., Sulawesi I. (NEW RECORD); Indochina Peninsular; southern parts of continental China; Taiwan (Petersen, 1987; Kojima &amp; Yamane, 1990; Starr, 1992; Nguyen et al., 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF81FFAAFF20FBD322E67E02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FEC0265E7E23.text	312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FEC0265E7E23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parapolybia varia (Fabricius 1787)	<div><p>Parapolybia varia (Fabricius, 1787)</p><p>(Figs. 17–18, 28)</p><p>Vespa varia Fabricius, 1787: 293 .</p><p>Specimen examined. Sulawesi I.: South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MZB), 05°02 S 119°44’E, alt. ca. 300 m, Karaenta, 30.vii–11.viii.2005, C. Villemant. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Sumatra I.: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Maninjau [ca. 00˚15’S 100˚11’E], 9.viii.1985, SY &amp; SKY; Java I.: 10 ♀ (MZB), Ujung Kulon NP, Gunung Honje, Taman Jaya, Sumur, Pandeglang [ca. 06˚20’S 106˚05’E], 23.iv.2010, HN &amp; E. Cholik; Sumbawa I.: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), 08˚36.766’S 117˚16.346’E, alt. ca. 1.165 m, Gunung Batu Pasak, Batu Dulang, Batu Lanteh, 12.iv.2010, HN; 2 ♀ (MZB), 08˚36’S 117˚08’E, alt. ca. 1.090 m, Puncak Ngengas, Tepal, Batu Lanteh, 16.iv.2010, HN; Sumba I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), 09˚43’S 119˚56’E, alt. ca. 690 m, Pari Paha, Gaha Ori Angu, 23.vi.2013, Pungki, L. &amp; GY.</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Riouw-Archipelago, Sumatra I., Java I., Sumbawa I., Sumba I., Sulawesi I., New Guinea I.; Indian subcontinent; Indochina Peninsular; Philippine Islands; continental East Asia, Japan Archipelago (van der Vecht, 1966; Nugroho et al., 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FEC0265E7E23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FC2A26617830.text	312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FC2A26617830.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia celebensis van der Vecht 1941	<div><p>Ropalidia celebensis van der Vecht, 1941</p><p>(Figs. 25, 29)</p><p>Ropalidia celebensis van der Vecht, 1941: 111 .</p><p>Specimen examined. Sulawesi I.: South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 02˚58‘S 120˚05‘E, alt. ca. 800 m, Puncak Palopo, Tojambu, Battang, Warateluwana, Luwu, 29.x.2000, JK .</p><p>Remarks. The present species has been known only from South Sulawesi (van der Vecht, 1941; Kojima et al., 2002).</p><p>Distribution records: South Sulawesi (van der Vecht, 1941; Kojima et al., 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FC2A26617830	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FA9F266B7B9E.text	312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FA9F266B7B9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia crassa van der Vecht 1941	<div><p>Ropalidia crassa van der Vecht, 1941</p><p>Ropalidia crassa van der Vecht, 1941: 112</p><p>Remarks. The holotype and the only known specimen of Ropalidia crassa van der Vecht, 1941, have been lost (Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997) and the identity of this species is yet uncertain. We have searched in vain for specimens that fit the description of R. crassa by van der Vecht (1941) among the many specimens in MZB and IUNH.</p><p>Distribution record: Indonesian Archipelago: Sulawesi I. (van der Vecht, 1941).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FA9F266B7B9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA8FF20F93C20A87DC1.text	312E8791FF83FFA8FF20F93C20A87DC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia cyathiformis (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>Ropalidia cyathiformis (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>(Fig. 28)</p><p>Eumenes cyathiformis Fabricius, 1804: 289 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South Sulawesi: 2 ♀ (MZB), Rantepao [ca. 02˚58’S 119˚54’E], vii.1936, L. J. Toxopeus .</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Flores I., Sumba I., Sulawesi I.; Indian subcontinent; Sri Lanka; southern parts of continental China; Indochina Peninsular; Philippine Islands (van der Vecht, 1941, 1962; Kojima et al., 2005a, b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF83FFA8FF20F93C20A87DC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FEC1238F7E6C.text	312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FEC1238F7E6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith, 1860)</p><p>(Figs. 23, 28)</p><p>Icaria impetuosa Smith, 1860 (1861): 131.</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 3 ♀, 3♂ (MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, Wawo, Tinukari, RU et al. [1 ♂, alt. ca. 283 m, 24.vi.2010; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 186 m, 29.vi.2010; 2 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 30.vi.2010]; South Konawe: 1 ♀ (MZB), 04˚13’S 122˚44’E, alt. ca. 75 m, Sumbersari, 13.vii.2010, RU et al.; 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), 04˚27’S 122˚04’E, alt. ca. 23 m, Watumohai NP, Rawa Aopa, Tatangge, Tinanggea, 27.xi.2011, RU.</p><p>Remarks. As given under “ Distribution records ”, this species is distributed in the areas east of the HuxleyWallace line. In the areas west of this biogeographical line, R. fasciata (Fabricius, 1804), the species apparently most closely related to R. impetuosa, is distributed, and as far as is known the two species do not co-occur. The two species may be distinguished with certainty only in males.</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Sulawesi I., Moluccas (Seram I., Bacan I., Ambon I.), New Guinea I.; Philippine Islands excluding Palawan I.; Australia; New Ireland; Solomon I.; Fiji I. (van der Vecht, 1941; 1962; Kojima, 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FEC1238F7E6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FC2A21BD7879.text	312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FC2A21BD7879.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia jacobsoni (du Buysson 1908)	<div><p>Ropalidia jacobsoni (du Buysson, 1908)</p><p>Icaria jacobsoni du Buysson, 1908: 123</p><p>Remarks. Since the only two female specimens of this species have been recorded from Sulawesi I. by van der Vecht (1962) as “ R. variegata jacobsoni … Celebes: 2 Females, South Celebes, Dec. 1936, Indonesian collector (ML [= currently Naturalis (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Leiden])”, the present species has never been recorded and we have searched in vain specimens of this species from Sulawesi I. in the collection of MZB and IUNH. It may need further intensive field research to clarify whether R. jacobsoni had previously occurred or currently occurs in Sulawesi I.</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Bangka I., Sumatra I., Java I., Sulawesi I.; Indian subcontinent; Indochina Peninsular (van der Vecht, 1962; Kojima et al., 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FC2A21BD7879	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFAFFF20FA5827677E01.text	312E8791FF82FFAFFF20FA5827677E01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier 1836)	<div><p>Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier, 1836)</p><p>(Figs. 20–21, 28)</p><p>Epipona marginata Lepeletier, 1836: 541 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: North Sulawesi: 7 ♀, 6 ♂ (IUNH), Poigar [ca. 01˚01’N 124˚18’E], 30.xi.1999, JK; 2 ♀, 4 ♂ (IUNH), Maria Lama, near Poigar, 1.xii.1999, JK; South East Sulawesi: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), Teomokoie, Kobaena I. [ca. 05˚15’N 121˚55’E], 31.x.1989, Sih Kahono; North Kolaka: 4 ♀, 6 ♂ (MZB), 03˚38’ S 121˚04’ E, Wawo, Tinukari, RU et al. [1 ♀, alt. ca. 186 m, 22.vi.2010, 3 ♀, 3 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 27.vi.2010; 2 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 30.vi.2010; 1 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 1.vii.2010]; 5 ♀, 4 ♂ (MZB), 04˚27’S 122˚04 E. alt. ca. 23 m, Darmawan [1 ♀, 25.xi.2011; 3 ♀, 2 ♂, 26.xi.2011; 1 ♀, 2 ♂, 27.xi.2011] ; South Sulawesi: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 05˚03’S 119’31’E, alt. ca. 30 m, Maros, 21.viii.2014, JK et al. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Karimun Besar I.: 1 ♂ (MZB), 01˚07’N 103˚22’E, alt. ca. 10 m, Teluk Mesodo, Pongkar, 28.iv.2017, Sarino . Sumatra I.: Sungai Penuh, Jambi: 1 ♂ (IUNH), 02˚02’S 101˚24’E, alt. ca. 795 m, Koto Teluk, 21.v.2017, AH; 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 02˚03’S 101˚22’E, alt. ca. 825 m, Bukit Sentiong, 21.v.2017, AH; 12 ♀, 7 ♂ (IUNH), 02˚03’S 101˚24’E, alt. ca. 800 m, 11.vii.2017, AH ; West Sumatra: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Lubuk Minturun [ca. 00˚50’S 100˚22’E], 28.xi.1980, SKY; 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (SEHU), Limau Manis [ca. 00˚53’S 100˚30’E], 23.viii.1982, SKY; 5 ♀, 6 ♂ (SEHU), Ulu Gadut [ca. 00˚56’S 100˚28’E], 28.vi.1983, SKY; Java I.: West Java: 1 ♂ (MZB), Gua Gudawang, Argapura-Cigudeg, Bogor [ca. 06˚27.5’S 106˚31’E], 8.ix.2002, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♀ (MZB), Jasinga, Bogor [ca. 06˚29’S 106˚28’E], 24.vii.2004, S. Kahono &amp; Puji A.; East Java: 3 ♀ (IUNH), 07˚50’S 114˚26’E, Baluran NP, 15.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♂ (IUNH), 08˚08’S 116˚24’E, Banyuwangi, 16.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; Bali I.: 3 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚08’S 115˚04’E, Singaraja, 9.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; 6 ♂ (IUNH), 08˚37’ S 115˚05’ E, Tanah Lot, 10.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU .</p><p>Remarks. Represented by four local color forms formally named as subspecies, this species is widely distributed in Oriental and Australian regions, with no distributional records in eastern islands of the Lesser Sunda Islands (such as Komodo I., Flores I., and Timor I.) and southern islands of the Moluccas (such as Buru I., Ceram I., and Ambon I.), where the closely related species, R. laticincta van der Vecht, 1962, is distributed. The two species may co-occur on Bali I., Lombok I., Sumbawa I., and Sumba I. (Kojima et al., 2005b). The specimens from Sulawesi I. that we examined possessed the same color pattern as that of the specimens from other islands of the Indonesian Archipelago (except those from New Guinea I.).</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Bangka I., Borneo I., Sumatra I., Nias I., Java I., Karimun Djawa I., Bali I., Lombok I., Sumba I., Sumbawa I., Tukang Besi I., Sulawesi I., Talaud I., Halmahera I., New Guinea I.; Indian subcontinent; Sri Lanka; Indochina Peninsular; southern parts of continental China; Philippine Islands; Mariana I.; Palau I.; Volcano I. (introduced); New Britain I.; Australia (Thursday I., Queensland) (van der Vecht, 1941, 1962; Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997; Kojima, 2001; Kojima et al., 2005a, b; Nguyen et al., 2006b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF82FFAFFF20FA5827677E01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF85FFAFFF20FC8121897BA0.text	312E8791FF85FFAFFF20FC8121897BA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia mathematica (Smith 1860)	<div><p>Ropalidia mathematica (Smith, 1860)</p><p>(Figs. 19, 28)</p><p>Polybia mathematica Smith, 1860 (1861): 90.</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South Sulawesi: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), alt. ca. 250 m, Pattunuang, Maros [ca. 05˚03’N 119˚43’E], 18.v.2001, A. N. Woro &amp; A. Fuji. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Sumatra I.: Jambi: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 02˚02'S 101˚24'E, alt. ca. 795 m, Koto Teluk, Sungai Penuh, Jambi, 21.v.2017, AH; West Sumatra: 1 ♀ (SEHU), alt. ca. 1.000 m, Lubuk Selasih [ca. 00˚57’N 100˚34’E], 2.xii.1980, SKY; 1 ♀ (MZB), 00˚54’S 100˚28’E, Limau Manis, Padang, 23.ix.2010, HN &amp; JK. Java I.: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 07˚50'S 114˚26'E, Baluran NP, 15.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU. Bali I.: 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (IUNH), 08˚26'S 115˚12'E, Perean, Baturiti, Tabanan, 8.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚27'S 115˚12'E, Kuwun, Mangwi, Badun, 10.xi.2005, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚15'S 114˚33'E, Palasari, 13.ix.2005, JK &amp; RU. Lombok I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚28'S 116˚05'E, alt. ca. 290 m, Pusuk, Gunungsari, 3.xi.2000, JK; 11 ♀, 18 ♂ (IUNH), 08˚36'S 116˚07'E, Jl. Sriwijaya, 4.xi.2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚27'S 116˚05'E, alt. ca. 55 m, Betek, Pamenang, 6.xi.2000, JK; 3 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 08˚32'S 116˚15'E, Sesaot, Narmada, 7.xi.2000, JK; Sumbawa I.: 8 ♀, 11 ♂ (IUNH), 08˚35'S 117˚17'E, alt. ca. 800 m, Batudulang, Batulanteh, 10.xi.2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚32'S 118˚18'E, alt. ca. 100-150 m, Banggo, Manggalewa, Dompu, 13.xi.2000, JK; Flores I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08˚44'S 121˚45'E, Sipizena, Detusoko, Ende, 26.i.2003, JK; 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 08˚45'S 121˚51'E, Konara, Wolowaru, Ende, 26.i.2003, JK; Sumba I.: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 09˚43'S 120˚02'E, alt. ca. 500 m, Makaminggit, Ng-gaharianggo, 30.i.2003, JK &amp; RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 09˚42'S 119˚53'E, Pametikarata, Lewa, 30.i.2003, JK &amp; RU; Timor I.: 6 ♀ (IUNH), 09˚57'S 124˚09'E, Boentuka, Batu Putih, 1.ii.2003, JK.</p><p>Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Bangka I., Sumatra I., Karimun Djawa I., Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Sumba I., Sumbawa I., Flores I., Timor I., Sulawesi I.; Northeastern parts of Indian subcontinent; Indochina Peninsular (Kojima et al., 2005a, b; Kojima et al., 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF85FFAFFF20FC8121897BA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF85FFAEFF20F8EE26D97CE1.text	312E8791FF85FFAEFF20F8EE26D97CE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia pilosa (Smith 1858)	<div><p>Ropalidia pilosa (Smith, 1858)</p><p>(Figs. 22, 29)</p><p>Icaria pilosa Smith, 1858b (1859): 22.</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: 1 ♂ (OUM), holotype of Icaria pilosa Smith, 1858; South East Sulawesi: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), Watu Wila [ca. 03˚45’S 121˚41’E], alt. ca. 300 m, Sih Kahono [1 ♀, 1 ♂, 10.x.1989; 1 ♀, 20.x.1989]; North Kolaka: 2 ♀, 1 ♂(MZB), 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, Tinukari, Wawo [1 ♀, alt. ca. 186 m, 7.viii.2009, GY &amp; Mirwan-to; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 195 m, 20.xii.2009; 1 ♂, alt. ca. 65 m, 23.xii.2009, HN et al.]; South Konawe: 1 ♂ (MZB), 04˚13’S 122˚44’E, alt. ca. 75 m, Sumbersari, Konawe, Kendari, 11.vii.2010, RU et al.; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03˚64’S 121˚09’E, alt. ca. 430 m, Tanjung Peropa, Sumbersari, Moramo, 4.xi.2010, RU et al.; 1 ♂ (IUNH), 04˚13’S 122˚44’E, alt. ca. 55 m, Sumbersari, Moramo, 22.viii.2014, FSM et al.; Kendari: 1 ♂ (IUNH), 04˚03’S 122˚33’E, alt. ca. 145 m, Nanga Nanga, Andonoahu, 24.viii.2014, FSM et al.; South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 250 m, Pattunuang, Maros [ca. 05˚03’S 119˚43’E], 19.v.2001, A.N. Woro &amp; A. Fuji .</p><p>Remarks. This species is endemic to Sulawesi I. and is not so far recorded from northern parts of the island. The species might be closely allied to R. binghami distributed in Borneo I.</p><p>Distribution record: Sulawesi I. (van der Vecht, 1941; Kojima &amp; van Achterberg, 1997a, b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF85FFAEFF20F8EE26D97CE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF84FFACFF20F976213F7C56.text	312E8791FF84FFACFF20F976213F7C56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia plebeja (de Saussure 1862)	<div><p>Ropalidia plebeja (de Saussure, 1862)</p><p>(Figs. 24, 29)</p><p>Icaria plebeja de Saussure, 1862: 138 .</p><p>Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 2 ♀ (MZB) , 03˚38’S 121˚04’E, Wawo, Tinukari, RU et al. [1 ♀, alt. ca. 98 m, 1.vii.2010; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 70 m, 22-30.xi.2010]; 2 ♀, 2 ♂ (MZB), 03˚64’S 121˚09’E, alt. ca. 430 m, Wawo, Tinukari, 29.xi.2010, RU et al. South Sulawesi: Enrekang: 11 ♀, 1 ♂ (nest) (IUNH), 03˚29’S 119˚48’E, alt. ca. 500 m, Puncak Lakawan, Bambapuang, 28.x.2000, JK; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 03˚27’S 119˚47’E, alt. ca. 650 m, Mendette, Anggeraja, 20.viii.2014, JK et al.; 2 ♀, 2 ♂ (nest) (IUNH), 02˚57’S 120˚07’E, alt. ca. 260 m, Battang, Warateluwana, Luwu, 29.x.2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 02˚59’S 119˚53’E, Rantepao, Tana Toraja, 30.x.2000, JK .</p><p>Remarks. The R. plebeja species group consists of two Oriental species ( R. rufoplagiata (Cameron, 1905) and R. andamanensis Das and Gupta, 1989), two endemic to Sulawesi I. ( R. plebeja and R. celebensis) and two Papua-Australian species ( R. turneri Richards, 1978 and R. cristata Kojima, 1989). Based on their morphology, the two species endemic to Sulawesi I. seem to be more closely related to the Oriental species rather than the PapuaAustralian species (Kojima et al., 2002). The absence of any species of this species-group from the Moluccas is yet puzzling from the point view of biogeography of this area and may need further intensive study of their phylogenetic relationships. The present species seems to be distributed throughout the island (North Sulawesi, Gorontalo: de Saussure, 1862: Central Sulawesi, Paso Lake: van der Vecht, 1962; South Sulawesi: Kojima et al., 2002).</p><p>Distribution record: Sulawesi I. (Kojima et al., 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF84FFACFF20F976213F7C56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF86FFACFF20FE7523237E24.text	312E8791FF86FFACFF20FE7523237E24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia variegata (Smith 1852)	<div><p>Ropalidia variegata (Smith, 1852)</p><p>Epipona variegata Smith, 1852: 48</p><p>Remarks. Kojima and van Achterberg (1997) recorded a single female specimen of R. variegata as “ Sulawesi: nr Luwuk, Bunga, c. 300 m: 1, MT–17, 1–14.xi.1989, C. v. Achterberg (RMNH)”. This is the only R. variegata specimen from Sulawesi I. and we have not found any other specimens of this species among many Ropalidia specimens collected in Sulawesi I. and deposited in MZB and IUNH. The current occurrence/establishment of this species in Sulawesi I. would need confirmation based on further intensive field research.</p><p>Distribution record: Indonesian Archipelago: Sulawesi I., Timor I.; Indian subcontinent; southern parts of continental China; Indochina Peninsular (Kojima and van Achterberg, 1997; Kojima and Carpenter, 1997; Nugroho et al., 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/312E8791FF86FFACFF20FE7523237E24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Handru, Alan;Nugroho, Hari;Saito-Morooka, Fuki;Ubaidillah, Rosichon;Kojima, Jun-Ichi	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
