taxonID	type	description	language	source
312E8791FF88FFA0FF20FAB8279A7DFF.taxon	discussion	The present key is applicable to both females (“ queens ” and “ workers ”) and males unless the sexes are specified. Because of uncertainty of species identity and / or uncertainty of their establishment in Sulawesi Island as mentioned in “ Taxonomic accounts and notes on distribution ”, Ropalidia crassa van der Vecht, 1941, R. jacobsoni (du Buysson, 1908) and R. variegata (Smith, 1852), are not included in this key. In addition to the figures given in this paper, the figures that can be referred to are available in van der Vecht (1941, 1962, and 1966), Archer (1989), Kojima (1999), Kojima et al. (2002) and Carpenter and Nguyen (2003).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8AFFA0FF20FD0C23347A27.taxon	description	(Figs. 4, 26)	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8AFFA0FF20FD0C23347A27.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: North Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MZB), 4. iv. 1985; 2 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 210 m, 47 km WSW Kotomobagu, Domoga-Bone NP [ca. 00 ˚ 44 ’ S 124 ˚ 19 ’ E], v. 1985; 1 ♀ (MZB), 51 m SW Kotomobagu, 21. v. 1985; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 01 ° 30 ’ N 125 ° 11 ’ E, Tangkoko, 26. xi. 1999, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 01 ° 28 ’ N 124 ° 51 ’ E, Manado, 28. xi. 1999, JK; Central Sulawesi: 16 ♀, 8 ♂ (MZB; paratypes of Vespa affinis rufonigrans), Palu [ca. 00 ˚ 54 ’ S 119 ˚ 53 ’ E], C. Frassen [16 ♀, 4 ♂, i. 1937; 4 ♀, ii. 1937]; South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 1 ♂ (MZB), 03 ˚ 38 ’ S 121 ˚ 04 ’ E, alt. ca. 185 m, Rante Angin, Tinukari, 4. viii. 2009, RU et al. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Sumatra I.: Jambi: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 02 ° 03 ’ S 101 ° 22 ’ E, alt. ca. 825 m, Bukit Sentiong, Sungai Penuh, 21. v. 2017, AH; 5 ♀ (IUNH), 02 ° 03 ’ S 101 ° 24 ’ E, alt. ca. 800 m, Sungai Penuh, 11. vii. 2017, AH; West Sumatra: 5 ♀ (SEHU), Lubuk Minturun [ca. 00 ˚ 50 ’ S 100 ˚ 22 ’ E], SKY [1 ♀, 17. x. 1980; 2 ♀, 6. xi. 1980; 2 ♀, 14. xi. 1980]; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 00 ° 50 ’ S 100 ° 22 ’ E, alt. ca. 300 m, Lubuk Minturun, 3. xi. 2001, JK; 1 ♀ (SEHU), Simpang Tabing, Padang [ca. 00 ˚ 52 ’ S 100 ˚ 21 ’ E], 18. i. 1984, T. Inoue; 1 ♀ (SEHU), Lubuk Paraku, Padang [ca. 00 ˚ 57 ’ S 100 ˚ 30 ’ E], 28. vii. 1984, A. Ja-mal; Flores I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08 ° 44 ’ S 121 ° 45 ’ E, Sipizena, Detusoko, Ende, 26. i. 2003, JK; Sumba I.: 3 ♀ (IUNH), 09 ° 40 ’ S 120 ° 22 ’ E, Watunbaga, Pandawai, 28. i. 2003, JK & RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 09 ° 45 ’ S 120 ° 35 ’ E, Wanga, 29. i. 2003, JK & RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 09 ° 55 ’ S 120 ° 39 ’ E, alt. ca. 120 m, Watuhadang, Umalulu, 29. i. 2003, JK & RU; New Guinea I.: 1 ♀ (MZB), 04 ˚ 37 ’ S 136 ˚ 54 ’ W, alt. ca. 25 m, Freeport Concession, Timika, 25. iii. 1998, RU & D. Peggie.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8AFFA0FF20FD0C23347A27.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species, represented by local color forms (Bequaert, 1936; van der Vecht, 1957; Archer, 1997), is widely distributed in the Oriental and Papuan regions, from the eastern parts of Indian subcontinent in the west, through Southeast Asia to New Britain and New Ireland in the east. The present species occurs throughout Sulawesi I. and the color pattern of the Sulawesian population is the same as those of the populations of Borneo I. and North Moluccas; the head is mostly ferruginous and the first two metasomal terga are entirely orange yellow (see also van der Vecht (1957: 28 )).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8AFFA0FF20FD0C23347A27.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: throughout the archipelago, including New Guinea I.; Eastern parts of Indian subcontinent; Sri Lanka; Indochina Peninsular; southern parts of continental China; Taiwan; Ryukyu Islands south of Miyako I.; Palawan I., New Britain and New Ireland Islands (van der Vecht, 1957; Nguyen et al., 2006 a).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8DFFA7FF20FF7027857E22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Vespa fervida is distributed throughout Sulawesi I. and is endemic to the island and its adjacent small islands. Its sister species, V. luctuosa de Saussure, 1854 (Perrard et al., 2013), is distributed in the Philippine Islands except Palawan I. (van der Vecht, 1957).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8DFFA7FF20FF7027857E22.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Sulawesi I., Selayar I., Buton I., (van der Vecht, 1957), Wawonii I. (present study).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8DFFA6FF20FC6126B57DED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species, representing many local color forms, is widely distributed in the Oriental and Papuan Region, from Afghanistan to New Guinea and its adjacent islands (van der Vecht, 1957; Carpenter & Kojima, 1997). Having the first metasomal tergum extensively marked with orange-yellow, the Sulawesian population shows similar coloration to that of the New Guinean population (see also van der Vecht (1957: 19 )).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8DFFA6FF20FC6126B57DED.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: throughout the archipelago, including New Guinea I.; Afghanistan; Indian subcontinent; Sri Lanka; southern parts of continental China; Indochina Peninsular; Philippine Islands; New Britain (van der Vecht, 1957; Carpenter & Kojima, 1997; Nguyen et al., 2006 a).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8CFFA5FF20FAFE21A37E96.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species, representing many local color forms, is widely distributed in the Oriental Region, generally at places of higher altitude (van der Vecht, 1957; Carpenter & Kojima, 1997).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8CFFA5FF20FAFE21A37E96.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: throughout the archipelago except for Moluccas and New Guinea I.; Oriental Region, from Afghanistan in the west to Indonesian Archipelago in the east; introduce to Europe, South Korea and Tsushima and Iki Islands and Kyushu in Japan (van der Vecht, 1957; Carpenter & Kojima, 1997; Nguyen et al., 2006 a; Villemant et al., 2006; Choi et al., 2012).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8FFFA4FF20FB4D26DE7FBE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species, representing various local color forms, is widely distributed in southern Asia with subtropical and tropical climate, from northwestern India in the west, through continental Southeast Asia, to the Philippines, Sulawesi I. and Flores I. in the Lesser Sunda Islands in the east. The specimens from Sulawesi I. have the color pattern similar to those from so-called Sunda Land (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra I., Borneo I., and Java I.) and to those from eastern Lesser Sunda Islands (see Saito et al., 2005), but Sulawesian specimens have darker or blackish color pattern as described below, different from those from the Eastern Lesser Sunda and any other known color forms of P. tenebricosus. Characteristic to the specimens from Sulawesi I.: Body brown to dark brown, with following parts black: lateral projections of clypeus (border ill-defined), mandibular teeth, antennal flagellum except basal half of first flagellomere, median wide band on scutum, mesepisternum except brown spot below tegula and sometimes posteroventral brown spot, metapleuron, coxae, ill-defined posteromedian spot on propodeum, propodeal valvula (often absent), basal parts of T 1 – 4 and S 1 – 3.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8FFFA4FF20FB4D26DE7FBE.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Sumatra I., Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Flores I., Sumba I., Sumbawa I., Sulawesi I.; Northern parts of the Indian subcontinent; southwestern parts of continental China; Taiwan; Indochina Peninsular; Philippines Islands (Palawan I., Luzon I., Negros I., Sibuyan I.) (Carpenter, 1996; Saito et al., 2005; Kojima et al., 2005 b; Nugroho et al., 2011; Nguyen & Carpenter, 2019).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8EFFA4FF20FD1D275A7A7B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Selis (2018) described this species based on two females that he purchased from an insect dealer (Selis, personal communication), and thus it is not certain if the collection data is correct (if the data is correct, the specimens might have been collected and exported without permission from the Indonesian authorities). We have not found any specimens of this species from South Sulawesi among many Polistes (Polistella) specimens deposited in the MZB and IUNH. The diagnosis and description of this species given in Selis (2018) are insufficient to differentiate the species from the consubgeners so far described. This species is similar in external appearance and possibly closely allied to Polistes (Polistella) stigma, which has not been recorded but is actually common in Sulawesi I. as given in this paper, and P. celebensis can be differentiated from P. stigma and other consubgeners by the combination of the following characters (states for P. stigma are given in the brackets): POD about one times Od; clypeus covered with rather deep punctures (Fig. 12) [punctures in clypeus shallow (Fig. 14)]; pronotum strongly punctured and without distinct striation, propodeum strongly striate [with weaker transverse striation]; T 1 broad about 0.8 times as wide as long; fore wing with distinct cloud in marginal cell; hind tarsal claws asymmetrical (Fig. 15) [more or less symmetrical (Fig. 16)]; body black, with extensive reddish-brown and yellow markings; clypeus reddish-brown in dorsal half, yellow in ventral half, with a small paired brown spots at apex (Fig. 12) [clypeus entirely yellow (Fig. 14)]. Selis (2018: 437), without referring to P. stigma, mentioned that “ black coloration with extensive red markings and some yellow lines seems to be common in Vespidae from Sulawesi, indicating the existence of a mimicry complex ” and listed seven species in four eumenine (potter wasp) genera and two polistine Ropalidia species (R. plebeja and R. pilosa) showing this coloration. The coloration of these eumenine wasps may be considered in the context of Batesian mimicry only when Polistes stigma is taken into consideration, but the two Ropalidia seem to us to have such different coloration from P. celebensis and P. stigma that we could not consider their coloration as Mullerian mimicry.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF8EFFA4FF20FD1D275A7A7B.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Sulawesi I.: South Sulawesi (Selis, 2018), South East Sulawesi (present study).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF81FFABFF20FF7027027EF4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is widely distributed in southern Asia with subtropical and tropical climates, with some local color forms. Among the specimens we examined as mentioned above, those from Sulawesi I. have the first two metasomal terga colored darker brown in the apical half and sometimes have the mesepisternum largely marked with black, while the other specimens (Borneo I., Sumatra I. and Java I.) have the first two metasomal terga colored brown rather than dark brown in their apical half and the mesepisternum both anteroventrally and posterodorsally marked with black.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF81FFABFF20FF7027027EF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Sumatra I., Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Flores I., Sumbawa I., Sumba I., Sulawesi I.; Northern parts of the Indian subcontinent; southern parts of continental China; Indochina Peninsular; Palawan I. (Saito et al., 2005; Kojima et al., 2005 b; Nguyen & Kojima, 2014).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF81FFAAFF20FBD322E67E02.taxon	description	(Figs. 13 – 14, 16, 27)	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF81FFAAFF20FBD322E67E02.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: North Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), Tangkoko-Batuangus nature reserve [ca. 01 ˚ 32 ’ N 125 ˚ 12 ’ E], 25. xi. 1999, JK; 1 ♂ (IUNH), Manado [ca. 01 ˚ 30 ’ N 124 ˚ 50 ’ E], 28. xi. 1999, JK; 1 ♂ (IUNH), Lemuh near Tamohon [ca. 01 ˚ 19 ’ N 124 ˚ 50 ’ E], 29. xi. 1999, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), Rurukan [ca. 01 ˚ 20 ’ N 124 ˚ 52 ’ E], 29. xi. 1999, JK; 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (IUNH), Poigar [ca. 01 ˚ 01 ’ N 124 ˚ 18 ’ E], 30. xi. 1999, JK; 13 ♀, 4 ♂ (IUNH), Maria Lama near Poigar, 1. xii. 1999, JK; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 01 ˚ 31 ’ S 124 ˚ 55 ’ E, alt. ca. 90 m, Mapenget, Manado, 15. ix. 2014, JK et al.; South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 16 ♀ (MZB), 03 ˚ 38 ’ S 121 ˚ 04 ’ E, Rante Angin, Tinukari [1 ♀, alt. ca. 100 m, 5. viii. 2009; 2 ♀, alt. ca. 185 m, 6. viii. 2009, RU et al.; 8 ♀, alt. ca. 185 m, 7. viii. 2009; 3 ♀, alt. ca. 186 m, 8. viii. 2009, GY et al.; 2 ♀, alt. ca. 40 m. alt, 12. viii. 2009, GY]; 12 ♀, 13 ♂ (MZB), 03 ˚ 38 ’ S 121 ˚ 04 ’ E, Wawo, Tinukari [1 ♀, 2 ♂, alt. ca. 205 m, 12. viii. 2009, GY et al.; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 195 m, 16. xii. 2009; 1 ♂, alt. ca. 195 m, 17. xii. 2009, HN et al.; 4 ♀, 2 ♂, alt. ca. 185 m, 25. vi. 2010; 2 ♀, 2 ♂, alt. ca. 185 m, 26. vi. 2010; 1 ♀, 2 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 27. vi. 2010; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 28. vi. 2010; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 185 m, 29. vi. 2010; 1 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 30. vi. 2010; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 185 m, 1. xii. 2010, RU et al.]; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03 ˚ 64 ’ S 121 ˚ 09 ’ E, alt. ca. 430 m, 29. xi. 2010, RU et al.; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03 ˚ 59 ’ S 121 ˚ 34 ’ E, alt. ca. 50 m, Ulunggolaka, Batambaga, 14. viii. 2009, GY; South Konawe: 2 ♀ (MZB), 04 ˚ 13 ’ S 122 ˚ 44 ’ E, alt. ca. 75 m, Sumbersari, Moramo, 4. vii. 2010, RU et al.; Kendari: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 03 ˚ 58 ’ S 122 ˚ 31 ’ E, alt. ca. <5 m, Mandongo, 21. viii. 2014, JK et al.; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 04 ˚ 03 ’ S 122 ˚ 33 ’ E, alt. ca. 145 m, Nanga Nanga, Andonoahu, 24. viii. 2014, FSM et al.; South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 03 ˚ 56 ’ S 119 ˚ 41 ’ E, alt. ca. 180 m, Lainungan, Watang Pulu, Sidenreng Rappang, 17. viii. 2014, JK et al.; Toraja Utara: 4 ♀ (IUNH), 02 ˚ 57 ’ S 119 ˚ 58 ’ E, alt. ca. 880 m, Lenbang Tondolangi, Tondon, 18. viii. 2014, JK et al.; 5 ♀, 6 ♂ (IUNH), 02 ˚ 57 ’ S 119 ˚ 59 ’ E, alt. ca. 880 m, Penanian, Nang-gala, 19. viii. 2014, FSM et al.; 3 ♀ (IUNH), 02 ˚ 58 ’ S 119 ˚ 59 ’ E, alt. ca. 960 m, Nanggala, 19. viii. 2014, HN et al.; 2 ♀ (IUNH), 03 ˚ 28 ’ S 119 ˚ 47 ’ E, alt. ca. 500 m, Bambapuang, Anggeraja, Enrekang, 18. viii. 2014, JK et al.; Toraja Selatan: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 03 ˚ 12 ’ S 119 ˚ 53 ’ E, alt. ca. 1010 m, Patengko, Makerdek, 20. viii. 2014, FSM et al.; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 05 ˚ 03 ’ S 119 ˚ 31 ’ E, alt. ca. 30 m, Maros near airport, 21. viii. 2014, JK et al. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Sumatra I.: 16 ♀, 19 ♂ (SEHU), Lubuk Minturun [ca. 00 ˚ 50 ’ S 100 ˚ 22 ’ E], 13. viii. 1982; Sipora I. in Mentawai Islands: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Sioban [ca. 02 ˚ 12 ’ S 99 ˚ 43 ’ E], 28. vii. 1985, SY & SKY; Java I.: 2 ♀ (MZB), 07 ˚ 50 ’ S 114 ˚ 26 ’ E, Baluran NP, 14. ix. 2005, JK & RU; Bali I.: 2 ♀ (MZB), 08 ˚ 08 ’ S 115 ˚ 04 ’ E, Singaraja, 9. ix. 2005, JK & RU; Lombok I.: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 44 ’ S 116 ˚ 05 ’ E, Lewdang Andus, Sekotong, 6. xi. 2000, JK.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF81FFAAFF20FBD322E67E02.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Polistes stigma is known to be widely distributed in southern continental Asia, Malay Archipelago, Australia and Pacific Islands, from the Indian subcontinent in the west to Solomon Islands in the east; but the species has not so far been recorded from Sulawesi I. Petersen (1987) recognized 19 subspecies in this species. Selis (2018) synonymized three Philippine “ subspecies ” (alagari Petersen, 1987, dubius de Saussure, 1867, and manillensis de Saussure, 1854) under the nominal species, but, as Carpenter (1996) pointed out, whether these “ subspecies ” are diagnosable species or synonyms can be determined based on careful comparative studies, possibly in a revision. In this paper, we maintain “ subspecies ” of Petersen (1987) and have found that the above-listed specimens from Sulawesi I. have characteristics of the nominotypical “ subspecies ”. Though the wasp has not been recorded in Sulawesi I., it might be distributed throughout the island and seems to be the commonest Polistes species in the island.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF81FFAAFF20FBD322E67E02.taxon	distribution	Distribution records of the nominotypical “ subspecies ”: Indonesian Archipelago: Sumatra I. and adjacent islands, Java I., Bali I., Borneo I., Lombok I., Sulawesi I. (NEW RECORD); Indochina Peninsular; southern parts of continental China; Taiwan (Petersen, 1987; Kojima & Yamane, 1990; Starr, 1992; Nguyen et al., 2017).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FEC0265E7E23.taxon	description	(Figs. 17 – 18, 28)	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FEC0265E7E23.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Borneo I., Riouw-Archipelago, Sumatra I., Java I., Sumbawa I., Sumba I., Sulawesi I., New Guinea I.; Indian subcontinent; Indochina Peninsular; Philippine Islands; continental East Asia, Japan Archipelago (van der Vecht, 1966; Nugroho et al., 2011).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FC2A26617830.taxon	description	(Figs. 25, 29)	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FC2A26617830.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The present species has been known only from South Sulawesi (van der Vecht, 1941; Kojima et al., 2002).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FC2A26617830.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: South Sulawesi (van der Vecht, 1941; Kojima et al., 2002).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FA9F266B7B9E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype and the only known specimen of Ropalidia crassa van der Vecht, 1941, have been lost (Kojima & Carpenter, 1997) and the identity of this species is yet uncertain. We have searched in vain for specimens that fit the description of R. crassa by van der Vecht (1941) among the many specimens in MZB and IUNH.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA9FF20FA9F266B7B9E.taxon	distribution	Distribution record: Indonesian Archipelago: Sulawesi I. (van der Vecht, 1941).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA8FF20F93C20A87DC1.taxon	description	(Fig. 28)	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF83FFA8FF20F93C20A87DC1.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Flores I., Sumba I., Sulawesi I.; Indian subcontinent; Sri Lanka; southern parts of continental China; Indochina Peninsular; Philippine Islands (van der Vecht, 1941, 1962; Kojima et al., 2005 a, b).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FEC1238F7E6C.taxon	description	(Figs. 23, 28) Icaria impetuosa Smith, 1860 (1861): 131. Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South East Sulawesi: North Kolaka: 3 ♀, 3 ♂ (MZB), 03 ˚ 38 ’ S 121 ˚ 04 ’ E, Wawo, Tinukari, RU et al. [1 ♂, alt. ca. 283 m, 24. vi. 2010; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 186 m, 29. vi. 2010; 2 ♀, 1 ♂, alt. ca. 100 m, 30. vi. 2010]; South Konawe: 1 ♀ (MZB), 04 ˚ 13 ’ S 122 ˚ 44 ’ E, alt. ca. 75 m, Sumbersari, 13. vii. 2010, RU et al.; 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), 04 ˚ 27 ’ S 122 ˚ 04 ’ E, alt. ca. 23 m, Watumohai NP, Rawa Aopa, Tatangge, Tinanggea, 27. xi. 2011, RU.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FEC1238F7E6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As given under “ Distribution records ”, this species is distributed in the areas east of the HuxleyWallace line. In the areas west of this biogeographical line, R. fasciata (Fabricius, 1804), the species apparently most closely related to R. impetuosa, is distributed, and as far as is known the two species do not co-occur. The two species may be distinguished with certainty only in males.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FEC1238F7E6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Sulawesi I., Moluccas (Seram I., Bacan I., Ambon I.), New Guinea I.; Philippine Islands excluding Palawan I.; Australia; New Ireland; Solomon I.; Fiji I. (van der Vecht, 1941; 1962; Kojima, 2001).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FC2A21BD7879.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Since the only two female specimens of this species have been recorded from Sulawesi I. by van der Vecht (1962) as “ R. variegata jacobsoni … Celebes: 2 Females, South Celebes, Dec. 1936, Indonesian collector (ML [= currently Naturalis (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Leiden]) ”, the present species has never been recorded and we have searched in vain specimens of this species from Sulawesi I. in the collection of MZB and IUNH. It may need further intensive field research to clarify whether R. jacobsoni had previously occurred or currently occurs in Sulawesi I.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFA8FF20FC2A21BD7879.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Bangka I., Sumatra I., Java I., Sulawesi I.; Indian subcontinent; Indochina Peninsular (van der Vecht, 1962; Kojima et al., 2007).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFAFFF20FA5827677E01.taxon	description	(Figs. 20 – 21, 28)	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFAFFF20FA5827677E01.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Represented by four local color forms formally named as subspecies, this species is widely distributed in Oriental and Australian regions, with no distributional records in eastern islands of the Lesser Sunda Islands (such as Komodo I., Flores I., and Timor I.) and southern islands of the Moluccas (such as Buru I., Ceram I., and Ambon I.), where the closely related species, R. laticincta van der Vecht, 1962, is distributed. The two species may co-occur on Bali I., Lombok I., Sumbawa I., and Sumba I. (Kojima et al., 2005 b). The specimens from Sulawesi I. that we examined possessed the same color pattern as that of the specimens from other islands of the Indonesian Archipelago (except those from New Guinea I.).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF82FFAFFF20FA5827677E01.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Bangka I., Borneo I., Sumatra I., Nias I., Java I., Karimun Djawa I., Bali I., Lombok I., Sumba I., Sumbawa I., Tukang Besi I., Sulawesi I., Talaud I., Halmahera I., New Guinea I.; Indian subcontinent; Sri Lanka; Indochina Peninsular; southern parts of continental China; Philippine Islands; Mariana I.; Palau I.; Volcano I. (introduced); New Britain I.; Australia (Thursday I., Queensland) (van der Vecht, 1941, 1962; Kojima & Carpenter, 1997; Kojima, 2001; Kojima et al., 2005 a, b; Nguyen et al., 2006 b).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF85FFAFFF20FC8121897BA0.taxon	description	(Figs. 19, 28) Polybia mathematica Smith, 1860 (1861): 90. Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: South Sulawesi: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), alt. ca. 250 m, Pattunuang, Maros [ca. 05 ˚ 03 ’ N 119 ˚ 43 ’ E], 18. v. 2001, A. N. Woro & A. Fuji. Indonesian Archipelago other than Sulawesi I.: Sumatra I.: Jambi: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 02 ˚ 02 ' S 101 ˚ 24 ' E, alt. ca. 795 m, Koto Teluk, Sungai Penuh, Jambi, 21. v. 2017, AH; West Sumatra: 1 ♀ (SEHU), alt. ca. 1.000 m, Lubuk Selasih [ca. 00 ˚ 57 ’ N 100 ˚ 34 ’ E], 2. xii. 1980, SKY; 1 ♀ (MZB), 00 ˚ 54 ’ S 100 ˚ 28 ’ E, Limau Manis, Padang, 23. ix. 2010, HN & JK. Java I.: 2 ♀ (IUNH), 07 ˚ 50 ' S 114 ˚ 26 ' E, Baluran NP, 15. ix. 2005, JK & RU. Bali I.: 1 ♀, 2 ♂ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 26 ' S 115 ˚ 12 ' E, Perean, Baturiti, Tabanan, 8. ix. 2005, JK & RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 27 ' S 115 ˚ 12 ' E, Kuwun, Mangwi, Badun, 10. xi. 2005, JK & RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 15 ' S 114 ˚ 33 ' E, Palasari, 13. ix. 2005, JK & RU. Lombok I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 28 ' S 116 ˚ 05 ' E, alt. ca. 290 m, Pusuk, Gunungsari, 3. xi. 2000, JK; 11 ♀, 18 ♂ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 36 ' S 116 ˚ 07 ' E, Jl. Sriwijaya, 4. xi. 2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 27 ' S 116 ˚ 05 ' E, alt. ca. 55 m, Betek, Pamenang, 6. xi. 2000, JK; 3 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 32 ' S 116 ˚ 15 ' E, Sesaot, Narmada, 7. xi. 2000, JK; Sumbawa I.: 8 ♀, 11 ♂ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 35 ' S 117 ˚ 17 ' E, alt. ca. 800 m, Batudulang, Batulanteh, 10. xi. 2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 32 ' S 118 ˚ 18 ' E, alt. ca. 100 - 150 m, Banggo, Manggalewa, Dompu, 13. xi. 2000, JK; Flores I.: 1 ♀ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 44 ' S 121 ˚ 45 ' E, Sipizena, Detusoko, Ende, 26. i. 2003, JK; 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 08 ˚ 45 ' S 121 ˚ 51 ' E, Konara, Wolowaru, Ende, 26. i. 2003, JK; Sumba I.: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (IUNH), 09 ˚ 43 ' S 120 ˚ 02 ' E, alt. ca. 500 m, Makaminggit, Ng-gaharianggo, 30. i. 2003, JK & RU; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 09 ˚ 42 ' S 119 ˚ 53 ' E, Pametikarata, Lewa, 30. i. 2003, JK & RU; Timor I.: 6 ♀ (IUNH), 09 ˚ 57 ' S 124 ˚ 09 ' E, Boentuka, Batu Putih, 1. ii. 2003, JK.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF85FFAFFF20FC8121897BA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution records: Indonesian Archipelago: Bangka I., Sumatra I., Karimun Djawa I., Java I., Bali I., Lombok I., Sumba I., Sumbawa I., Flores I., Timor I., Sulawesi I.; Northeastern parts of Indian subcontinent; Indochina Peninsular (Kojima et al., 2005 a, b; Kojima et al., 2007).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF85FFAEFF20F8EE26D97CE1.taxon	description	(Figs. 22, 29) Icaria pilosa Smith, 1858 b (1859): 22. Specimens examined. Sulawesi I.: 1 ♂ (OUM), holotype of Icaria pilosa Smith, 1858; South East Sulawesi: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), Watu Wila [ca. 03 ˚ 45 ’ S 121 ˚ 41 ’ E], alt. ca. 300 m, Sih Kahono [1 ♀, 1 ♂, 10. x. 1989; 1 ♀, 20. x. 1989]; North Kolaka: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (MZB), 03 ˚ 38 ’ S 121 ˚ 04 ’ E, Tinukari, Wawo [1 ♀, alt. ca. 186 m, 7. viii. 2009, GY & Mirwan-to; 1 ♀, alt. ca. 195 m, 20. xii. 2009; 1 ♂, alt. ca. 65 m, 23. xii. 2009, HN et al.]; South Konawe: 1 ♂ (MZB), 04 ˚ 13 ’ S 122 ˚ 44 ’ E, alt. ca. 75 m, Sumbersari, Konawe, Kendari, 11. vii. 2010, RU et al.; 1 ♀ (MZB), 03 ˚ 64 ’ S 121 ˚ 09 ’ E, alt. ca. 430 m, Tanjung Peropa, Sumbersari, Moramo, 4. xi. 2010, RU et al.; 1 ♂ (IUNH), 04 ˚ 13 ’ S 122 ˚ 44 ’ E, alt. ca. 55 m, Sumbersari, Moramo, 22. viii. 2014, FSM et al.; Kendari: 1 ♂ (IUNH), 04 ˚ 03 ’ S 122 ˚ 33 ’ E, alt. ca. 145 m, Nanga Nanga, Andonoahu, 24. viii. 2014, FSM et al.; South Sulawesi: 1 ♀ (MZB), alt. ca. 250 m, Pattunuang, Maros [ca. 05 ˚ 03 ’ S 119 ˚ 43 ’ E], 19. v. 2001, A. N. Woro & A. Fuji.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF85FFAEFF20F8EE26D97CE1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is endemic to Sulawesi I. and is not so far recorded from northern parts of the island. The species might be closely allied to R. binghami distributed in Borneo I.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF85FFAEFF20F8EE26D97CE1.taxon	distribution	Distribution record: Sulawesi I. (van der Vecht, 1941; Kojima & van Achterberg, 1997 a, b).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF84FFACFF20F976213F7C56.taxon	description	(Figs. 24, 29)	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF84FFACFF20F976213F7C56.taxon	description	alt. ca. 260 m, Battang, Warateluwana, Luwu, 29. x. 2000, JK; 1 ♀ (IUNH), 02 ˚ 59 ’ S 119 ˚ 53 ’ E, Rantepao, Tana Toraja, 30. x. 2000, JK.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF84FFACFF20F976213F7C56.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The R. plebeja species group consists of two Oriental species (R. rufoplagiata (Cameron, 1905) and R. andamanensis Das and Gupta, 1989), two endemic to Sulawesi I. (R. plebeja and R. celebensis) and two Papua-Australian species (R. turneri Richards, 1978 and R. cristata Kojima, 1989). Based on their morphology, the two species endemic to Sulawesi I. seem to be more closely related to the Oriental species rather than the PapuaAustralian species (Kojima et al., 2002). The absence of any species of this species-group from the Moluccas is yet puzzling from the point view of biogeography of this area and may need further intensive study of their phylogenetic relationships. The present species seems to be distributed throughout the island (North Sulawesi, Gorontalo: de Saussure, 1862: Central Sulawesi, Paso Lake: van der Vecht, 1962; South Sulawesi: Kojima et al., 2002).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF84FFACFF20F976213F7C56.taxon	distribution	Distribution record: Sulawesi I. (Kojima et al., 2002).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF86FFACFF20FE7523237E24.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Kojima and van Achterberg (1997) recorded a single female specimen of R. variegata as “ Sulawesi: nr Luwuk, Bunga, c. 300 m: 1, MT – 17, 1 – 14. xi. 1989, C. v. Achterberg (RMNH) ”. This is the only R. variegata specimen from Sulawesi I. and we have not found any other specimens of this species among many Ropalidia specimens collected in Sulawesi I. and deposited in MZB and IUNH. The current occurrence / establishment of this species in Sulawesi I. would need confirmation based on further intensive field research.	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
312E8791FF86FFACFF20FE7523237E24.taxon	distribution	Distribution record: Indonesian Archipelago: Sulawesi I., Timor I.; Indian subcontinent; southern parts of continental China; Indochina Peninsular (Kojima and van Achterberg, 1997; Kojima and Carpenter, 1997; Nugroho et al., 2011).	en	Handru, Alan, Nugroho, Hari, Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Kojima, Jun-Ichi (2020): Eusocial wasp fauna of Sulawesi Island, the central island of Wallacea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Vespinae). Zootaxa 4885 (4): 541-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.5
