taxonID	type	description	language	source
313F87948C7FFF8FFC1FFDD5FE63D2B9.taxon	materials_examined	Type species (by monotypy): Helix [Lyrula] loweana Wollaston, 1878.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C7FFF8FFC1FFDD5FE63D2B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Small Monilearia with a disk­like, almost flat to sunken shell, conspicuously umbilicated, ornamented with sharp, densely­packed, oblique sub­undulating transverse riblets, decussated by multiple minute spiral lines above and below the angled periphery, in one species are several (12 – 13) pronounced spiral ribs. This subgenus groups the species Monilearia loweana, M. multipunctata and M. tubaeformis sp. nov.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C7FFF8FFC1FFEFFFE5CD09F.taxon	materials_examined	Type species (by subsequent designation of Pilsbry 1895): Helix phalerata Webb & Berthelot, 1833.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C7FFF8CFC1FFBB8FB90D2C7.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four empty shells of Helix torrefacta (ZMZ 506118 / 4, leg. Wollaston, 1870), 34 empty shells collected between February 1980 and February 1996, in several localities of the North of Lanzarote (Fig. 1).	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C7FFF8CFC1FFBB8FB90D2C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat (Fig. 1). The species is endemic to Lanzarote. It can be traced between 50 and 600 m altitude, in lowland vegetation­type. It lives in the steep coastal areas from the extreme north of the island (El Risco) to the Peñas del Chache and also occurs in the young volcanic lava­streams, in Spanish named “ Malpaís ” (badlands). It can be found between lichens, in cracks and on the rock surface, within the Natural Reserve of the Archipelago “ Chinijo ” (north of the island and the surroundings islets), in the Natural Monument of La Corona, and also outside the protected areas of the island.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C7FFF8CFC1FFBB8FB90D2C7.taxon	description	Description. The elegant discoidal shell (Fig. 3 A) has a nearly flat to slightly elevated spire with a pointed apex; it embraces 4 – 4 ½ slowly growing whorls that are moderate convex, angled at the beginning of the body whorl. The suture is deeply impressed, but simple, the regularly rounded umbilicus is not very wide, but deep and open. The last eighth of the body­whorl is slightly bent downwards obliquely to the square flat ovate aperture. This has a delicate, discontinuous peristome with a non reflected, but slightly thickened lip. The ornamentation is more pronounced on the dorsal side. There are many radial, laminar riblets crossed by 6 – 8 fine spiral, also laminar riblets (Fig. 3 B – D), delimiting very numerous, small rectangular areas (reminding of honeycomb cells) which have a fragile, laciniae ­ like bristle in each corner; each bristle is a prolongation of both transverse and radial riblets (Fig. 3 D). Many of the bristles are lost in adult specimens. Each rectangular “ cell ” can be subdivided by more fine, spiral riblets (Fig. 3 D), leading to the appearance of a fine reticulation. The protoconch is coloured brown with 1 – 1 ¼ whorls; at the very beginning it is smooth (approximately ¼ – ½ whorl), but then it is sculptured by the first radial riblets. The teleoconch is also brown, ornamented with alternating irregular lighter flames (Fig. 3 A), which occupy approximately the same space as the brown colour. In some specimens an obscure brown spiral band can be traced beneath the periphery; the lower part of that band may be interrupted by small white dashes.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C7CFF82FC1FFB8AFB6DD3EF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype (empty shell): Helix multipunctata (ZMZ 505020, leg. Fritsch, 1863, subfossil). 43 total specimens and 136 empty shells collected between March 1989 and May 2005, in several localities of Fuerteventura (Fig. 1).	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C7CFF82FC1FFB8AFB6DD3EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat (Fig. 1). A species endemic to Fuerteventura, where it occurs in dry areas with lowland vegetation, at an altitude of 10 – 300 m.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C7CFF82FC1FFB8AFB6DD3EF.taxon	description	Description. The soft body is coloured light brown, the dorsal part being darker. The shell (Fig. 3 E, F) is discoid, with the spire little elevated or even nearly flat but with the protoconch projecting; with 3 ½ – 4 moderately convex whorls, distinctly angulated at the periphery; suture deep; umbilicus slightly eccentric, moderate wide, deep and open. The last quarter of the body­whorl is bent downwards obliquely. Aperture well rounded, square ovate, sometimes weakly angulated at the palatal side, the peristome margins normally united and slightly detached from the last whorl; the peristome has a very narrow (0.1 – 0.2 mm) reflected white lip. In the exceptional cases where the lip is discontinuous, its insertion points at the last whorl are mutually separated less than 0.7 mm. The ornamentation is stronger on the dorsal side, similar to that of M. loweana (Fig. 3 F). The protoconch is brown, with 1 – 1 ¼ whorls, initially smooth (approximately ¼ – ½ whorls) while its distal part bears very fine radial ribs. The teleoconch is also brown alternating with irregular whitish radial streamers, more frequent in the last 1 ½ whorls of the dorsal side; in the ventral side the streamers are less conspicuous. There are two darker brown spiral bands above and below the periphery, irregularly interrupted by light brown dashes. Usually it has a dark mantle with whitish stains (in some specimens the whitish surface area is larger than the dark one). The kidney measures less than half the length of the lung; the secondary ureter is extremely short, almost missing. In fully mature specimens, the genital system (Fig. 5 B) occupies nearly the whole visceral bulk, the spermoviduct being the most voluminous part. Several specimens of the population located immediately north of “ El Jable ” (Fig. 1) had a duplicated male duct (Fig. 5 C).	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C72FF80FC1FFB3AFC66D5F5.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Lomo del Aceituno, Fuerteventura (UTM: 28 RES 8839, 350 m altitude). Holotype. TFMC (MT 0390); leg. M. R. Alonso and M. Ibáñez, 30 Dec 1993. Paratypes. 127 paratypes (56 ethanol specimens and 71 shells, collected between 1987 and 2004), CGH (42 paratypes), CKW (38 paratypes) and AIT (47 paratypes).	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C72FF80FC1FFB3AFC66D5F5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name tubaeformis refers to the shell form, resembling a bugle.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C72FF80FC1FFB3AFC66D5F5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat (Fig. 1). The species is endemic to Fuerteventura. It occurs at an altitude of 300 – 600 m, in dry open areas of arid subtropical shrub and small ravines, mostly with Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton, 1789, mainly under stones.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C72FF80FC1FFB3AFC66D5F5.taxon	description	Description. Soft body brownish, the dorsum moderately darker than the sides. Shell (Table 2; Fig. 3 G) with a flat or even sunken spire, and with a twice significantly angulated periphery. It embraces about 3 ½ whorls, separated by an only slightly impressed suture. The umbilicus is eccentric, deep and very wide. The last quarter of the body­whorl descends considerably in respect to the prior quarter, the last part becoming completely separated from the coil, being bended down — and outwards and widened a bit (approx. 0.2 – 0.25 mm), resembling the bell of a tuba and showing some variability in its length and inclination (Fig. 4). The aperture is well rounded, only with a small angulation in its outer edge. The peristome is free, its edges all around slightly reflected, forming a narrow white lip approximately 0.25 mm wide. The peculiar ornamentation of the teleoconch is of the Lyrula type (Fig. 3 H) but very much developed, being stronger at the lateral and ventral parts of the shell. At the dorsum it is formed by numerous fine radial riblets which bear in regular intervals raised glossy lobulations which are placed such that they give the appearance of 5 – 6 spiral costulations that form a reticulation with the radial riblets. The lateral and ventral part exhibits 8 – 9 significant spiral lobulated ribs, which are not interrupted by the radial riblets; in the contact zone between a spiral rib and each two radial riblets, a nodule is differentiated (Fig. 3 H). Additionally, between each two contiguous spiral ribs there are several fine, regular spiral riblets which are crossed by the radial riblets. The protoconch is slightly prominent, brown, with 1 – 1 ¼ whorls, initially smooth (approximately ¼ – ½ whorls) and its distal part bearing fine radial riblets. The teleoconch is coloured light brown, patterned with narrow, darker, irregular radial flames. FIGURE 5. Drawings of genital systems. A. Monilearia tubaeformis sp. nov., paratype from Vega de Río Palmas; B – C. Monilearia multipunctata; from Casas de Ugán; C. genital system with the distal male duct duplicated; A 1 – A 5, parts of the vaginal stimulator appendix (terminology after Schileyko, 1984: 39, fig. 18); a, atrium; bc, bursa copulatrix; e, epiphallus; f, flagellum; p, penis; r, retractor muscle; sp, spermoviduct. The kidney measures less than half of the lung length; secondary ureter extremely short, almost absent. Genital system (Fig. 5 A; 3 specimens dissected): Atrium similar in length to distal male duct (between atrium and penis retractor muscle insertion), which measures about ½ of the length of the proximal portion of the epiphallus and ½ than that of the flagellum. The penis retractor muscle inserts at the epiphallus. The penis is slightly widened. The vagina is very short, its diameter similar to that of the free oviduct. The duct of the bursa copulatrix is long. The branched glandular portion (A 5) of the vaginal stimulator appendix is split into two digit­like, thin ducts that are slightly longer than the A 4 portion.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
313F87948C72FF80FC1FFB3AFC66D5F5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The special shell ornamentation of M. tubaeformis and M. multipunctata is of the same type as that of Helix loweana, being a synapomorphy of these species. Because of this, the three species are placed in the supraspecific taxon Lyrula. The genital system of M. tubaeformis and M. multipunctata is of the same type as that of M. phalerata and M. inops, indicating that Lyrula is a subgenus of the genus Monilearia, whose phylogenetic relationships within the family Cochlicellidae were recently established (Ibáñez et al. 2003). M. tubaeformis is a species unambiguously different from all of the other Cochlicellidae species because of its very distinctive shell characters. It is less adapted to the driest conditions than M. multipunctata, which also colonized the Jandía Peninsula (Fig. 1). M. tubaeformis lives at a higher altitude, with more environmental humidity. It has been unable to cross the desert­like barrier of sand dunes occupying the isthmus of the Jandía Peninsula (“ El Jable ”) to colonize the South of the island.	en	Ibáñez, Miguel, Groh, Klaus, Alonso, María R., Castillo, Carolina (2006): The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov. Zootaxa 1320: 29-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174000
