taxonID	type	description	language	source
FB84441330F655EF8C3EC075DEB02F49.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757), by subsequent designation.	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
FB84441330F655EF8C3EC075DEB02F49.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Evarcha are medium-sized plexippine salticids displaying a vast diversity in genital morphology: the embolus may be short, stout and compact or range to very long and filamentous; tegulum ranges from round, oval to conical and may bear distinctive outgrowths / expansions; single RTA present; insemination ducts range from broad and membranous to thin and tube-shaped; Leg III longer than IV (Wang et al. 2024; Zamani et al. 2017; Żabka 1993). However, it has been suggested that Evarcha, as currently defined, acts as a ‘ dumping ground’ genus and likely harbours many unrelated species, and cryptic generic diversity (Kanesharatnam and Benjamin 2020). Thus, a universal definition of the genus is difficult to propose (Wang et al. 2024).	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
C1DC6DCFBBE451B993F316649C176768.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 11, 12, 13, 14 – 19	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
C1DC6DCFBBE451B993F316649C176768.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, amalgamating the Malagasy words for " stripes " (tsipika) and " White " (fotsy) (this is the correct conjugation of the words in Malagasy). Reference is made to the stripes of white setae on the lateral parts of the carapace.	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
C1DC6DCFBBE451B993F316649C176768.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Evarcha tsipikafotsy sp. nov. is distinctive in palpal conformation from most Evarcha, with a similar body form and colour pattern. Evarcha tsipikafotsy is most similar in palpal conformation to E. madagascariensis Prószyński, 1992 (Madagascar) and E. patagiata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (The Levant) in sharing a singular large RTA, an embolus running clockwise along edge of cymbium for over 1 / 3 cymbium length and a moderate posterior tegular expansion. Evarcha tsipikafotsy sp. nov. is clearly separated from those species by (i) posterior tegular expansion that is projected distinctly at 4 o’clock position with a separate finger-like protrusion (vs. projected at 5 o’clock position without finger-like protrusion or small projection at 6 o’ clock position, respectively); (ii) embolus that is about 2 / 3 length of cymbium and follows margin (vs. just under ½ length of cymbium in both species, additionally embolus is projected a small distance away from tegulum in E. patagiata); (iii) RTA that is sinuous at apex (vs. not with sinuous apex); additionally, Evarcha tsipikafotsy sp. nov. is further separated from E. madagascariensis by having only a small RL cymbial expansion (vs. very large), and an RTA that does not make contact with RL cymbial expansion (vs. does make contact). Females are most similar in epigynum conformation to E. arcuata (Clerck, 1757) (Most of Europe, Northern Asia, Libya and Mexico) with coiled CD and moderately large epigynal atria (separated by a distinctive arch). Evarcha tsipikafotsy sp. nov. is clearly separated from E. arcuata by: (i) thick tightly coiled CD (vs. thin, less tightly coiled); (ii) FD approximately halfway up the epigynal region (vs. ¾ vertically high), (iii) epigynal arch long and thin (vs. short and broader), (iv) atria large and deep, about ¾ entire surface of epigynal region (vs. much smaller, about ¼ surface of epigynal region).	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
C1DC6DCFBBE451B993F316649C176768.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Measurements. TL 6.48, CL 3.48, CW 2.96, CH 2.2, SL 1.36, SW 0.92, AL 4, AW 2.04, chelicera length 1.2, chelicera width 0.64. Legs. I: 2.56, 1.88, 1.8, 1.16, 0.96. II: 2, 1.24, 1.36, (remaining segments missing). III: 2.84, 1, 1.28, 1.08, 0.92. IV: 2.36, 1.04, 1.4, 1.04, 0.56. Eyes: AME – 0.62, ALE – 0.32, PME – 0.1, PLE – 0.26, ORW – 0.236. Colouration: Carapace generally orangish-brown, dark brown in vivo, with lateral fringes of white setae just ventral to PER, band of sparser black setae ventral; chelicerae brown; legs 1, 2 brownish; legs 3, 4 orangish; coxae pale beige both dorsally and ventrally; abdomen generally beige with a mostly contiguous white band down abdomen centre, venter beige with sparse brown spots (figs 12, 13). Carapace: High, flat, declining sharply just posterior to fovea, foveal depression very shallow; several very long setae projected anteriorly just ventral of PME; fringe of white setae mid-length and appressed to carapace; sparse patches of white setae between eyes. Sternum: Oval shape, widest around midpoint. Legs: Legs 1, 2 slightly broader; dense fringe of setae on patellae & tibiae I & II. Chelicerae: One tooth on retromargin, two teeth on promargin, retromarginal tooth larger than largest promarginal tooth, promarginal teeth close together with apical one three times the size of smallest one. Abdomen: Ovoid, widest halfway along length; several longish thick white setae protrude at a 45 ° — 30 ° angle at anterior margin; venter dull. Leg spination: I: F 3 d 2 pl, P 1 d 2 pl 2 rl, Ti 2 pl v 3 - 3, Mt v 2 - 2. II: F 3 d 1 pl 2 rl, P 1 pl 1 rl, Ti 3 pl 3 v, Mt v 2 - 2. Pedipalp: Cymbium orange to brown; RTA thick, comparable length to the tibia, protrudes along edge of cymbium without another point of contact; tegulum circular with sperm duct dark red to brown, follows curve of tegulum clockwise from 9 o’clock to behind the tegular expansion at 5 o’clock; long embolus originating from 5 o’clock behind tengular expansion in ventral view and contours the edge of the tegulum before branching off at 10 o’clock and up towards apex of the cymbium (figs 14 – 19). Female. Measurements. CL 4.12, CW 3.28, CH 2.42, AL 7.08, AW 4.20, SL 1.72, SW 0.86, Leg measurements: I: 2.24, 1.32, 1.72, 1.20, 0.68. II: 1.92, 1.20, 1.42, 1.00, 0.76. III: 2.80, 1.32, 1.50, 1.72, 0.88. IV: 2.56, 1.08, 1.72, 1.76, 0.84. Eyes: AME 0.64, ALE 0.38, PME 0.12, PLE 0.32. Leg spination: I: F 4 d 2 pl, P 1 d, Ti v 3 - 3, Mt v 2 - 2. II: F 3 d 2 pl, P 1 d, Ti pl 2 v 3 - 3, Mt v 2 - 2. General colouration, pattern and somatic morphology the same as in male. Except; carapace slightly lighter and mottled, dark brown-black patches around eyes from ORW to fovea, much sparser fringe of white setae and no band of black setae on carapace, no vertical stripes on abdomen, instead beige with interspersed patches of beige, brown and black setae. Epigyne: epigynal region longer than wide by about 1.5 ×; copulatory openings at anterior margin directed anteriorly, CD long and thin, directed straight posteriorly, suboval ST moderately large, separated by about half their width.	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
116AF0B7AF095A859F1DBB2EACF23D1B.taxon	description	Figs 20 – 25	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
116AF0B7AF095A859F1DBB2EACF23D1B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, amalgamating the Malagasy words for “ squid ” and “ beak ”. Reference is made to the bifurcated RTA.	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
116AF0B7AF095A859F1DBB2EACF23D1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Evarcha vavannyangisy sp. nov is highly distinctive in the genus. However, some similarities in palpal conformation exist with E. zayu Wang, Mi & Li, 2024 (China) and E. amanzi Wesołowska & Haddad, 2018 (South Africa). E. vavannyangisy shares a bifurcated RTA, basomedian tengular expansion and embolus approximately half the perimeter of the bulb with E. zayu, but can be separated by: (i) deeply bifurcated RTA (vs. shallow); (ii) very small basomedian tegular bump (vs. very pronounced tegular expansion); and (iii) embolus slender for its entire length (vs. much broader). Additionally, E. zayu is from mainland China. E. vavannyangisy sp. nov. shares a deeply bifurcated RTA with only one congener, E. amanzi Wesołowska & Haddad, 2018 (South Africa), but can be readily separated by: (i) basomedian tegular expansion very small (vs. well projected posteriorly); and (ii) embolus runs approximately half the perimeter of the bulb (vs. arising 10 o’clock position and running until 12 o’clock position).	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
116AF0B7AF095A859F1DBB2EACF23D1B.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Measurements. CL 2.68, CW 2.36, AL 2.44, AW 1.56, SL 1.00, SW 0.76. Leg measurements: I: 1.80, 0.88, 1.64, 1.04, 0.56. II: 1.40, 0.76, 0.84, 0.68, 0.44. III: 2.04, 0.84, 1.20, 1.00, 0.60. IV: 1.32, 0.60, 0.84, 0.90, 0.56. PME 0.11, PLE 0.20, ALE 0.30, AME 0.56. Colouration: Carapace generally brownish orange, black patches around eyes, white setae ventral to PLE, scant black mottling at posterior margin. Chelicerae, maxilla, labium, deep reddish brown. Sternum & coxae pale brownish. Leg I dark reddish brown, legs II – IV generally brownish, with pale basal half of femorae. Abdomen generally brownish, with considerable alternations between pale and black mottlings, venter cream with black mottling. Carapace: generally rounded, very slightly longer than wide, moderately high, highest at PLE. Long, sparse, fine white setae around clypeus directed medially. Sternum: suboval, about 1.5 × long as wide. Legs: Leg I much broader, with field of long, erect setae ventrally on Ti I. Field of long white prolateral ventral setae on patellae I. Abdomen: oval, about twice as long as wide. Pedipalp: femur slightly longer than patella and tibia together; many long fine setae prolaterally on tibia, long setae thicker retrolaterally, RTA about 0.8 × length of tibia, projected at 1 ’ o clock position, bifurcated with squid- beak- like appearance, rounded ventral element and sharp pointed dorsal element; cymbium almost as long as tibia, with truncated anterior margin, tegulum round, embolus slender, wrapping around tegulum for just over half a turn, arising at 5 ' 30 position and terminating at around 0 ' 15 position, very small basomedian tegular bump. Leg spination: I: F d 2 pl, P pld 1, Ti pl 2 v 3 - 3, Mt v 2 - 2. II: F pl 2 d 2 rl 2, P pl 1 d 1, Ti pl 2 v 3 - 3, Mt v 2 - 2.	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
35966F97FF885A47A554757CC994358F.taxon	description	Figs 34 – 36	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
35966F97FF885A47A554757CC994358F.taxon	description	Description. See Żabka (1985); illustrated in this paper (figs 34 – 36).	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
35966F97FF885A47A554757CC994358F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is recorded from many countries across south-eastern Asia (WSC 2024). The only published specimen records in Africa are from Mozambique (Simon 1903), with specimens putatively identified from south-western Kenya, northern Tanzania, and far eastern Madagascar (SMNS database). Thus, this is the first confirmed specimen record from Madagascar.	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
0859FBF6D1C85A04B7B826D210E48C8D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized spiders, with flattened body. Cephalothorax wide, rounded, abdomen narrower. Leg I hairy, considerably stouter and longer than rest. Characteristic tufts of long black bristles near anterior lateral eyes forming ‘ horns’. Structure of genital organs very similar in all members of the genus. Male palp with rounded tegulum twice surrounded by embolus and with single thin tibial apophysis. Species difficult to identify; easier to distinguish by the coloration, especially abdominal pattern, than genital organ structure. The genus includes more than 40 species, the majority distributed in Africa (Wesołowska 2006).	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
2762164CB6675B84AE49121ACF8FD975.taxon	description	Figs 26 – 31	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
2762164CB6675B84AE49121ACF8FD975.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, amalgamating the Malagasy words for “ arm ” (tanany) and “ moustache ” (volombava). Reference is made to the extensive hairs on the ventral part of the femur and tibiae.	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
2762164CB6675B84AE49121ACF8FD975.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Thyene volombavatanany sp. nov. resembles T. aperta (G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1903) (Ivory Coast, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) by the elongated body, large legs I and in general palpal conformation. Both share a bulb rounded, twice surrounded by embolus running clockwise with narrow, long, flat tegular expansion prolaterally at base. Thyene volombavatanany sp. nov. is distinguished by: (i) an abdomen that is generally uniform in colouration with black mottling without white spot (vs. large black area divided into three parts with distinct white spot); (ii) RTA that is approximately the length of the tibia with an apex that is about 1 / 3 basal tibia width (vs. ½ length of tibia and apex under).	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
2762164CB6675B84AE49121ACF8FD975.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype). Measurements. CL 2.52, CW 1.94, CH 1.04, SL 1.02, SW 0.48, AL 2.82, AW 1.12. AME 0.44, ALE 0.20, PME 0.09, PLE 0.15. Leg I: 1.22, 0.80, 1.16, 0.76, 0.40. Leg II: 0.88, 0.64, 0.68, 0.42, 0.28. Leg III: 1.04, 0.66, 0.68, 0.76, 0.40. Leg IV: 1.28, 0.64, 0.78, 0.74, 0.40. Colouration: carapace generally light orangish brown, eyes ringed with dark brown patches, pale streak from fovea to posterior margin; chelicerae orange; sternum, coxae generally pale orange; legs II – IV pale orange-beige with faint brown retro lateral and prolateral patches; labium, maxillae, legs I orangish brown with black ventral femoral setae; abdomen beige with some brown-black mottling; pedipalp orangish-brown. Carapace: low and flat, highest at PLE, shallow depression midway between lateral eyes; patches of short thick white setae around fovea, posterior to AME, ventral to PLE, ventral lateral part of carapace; ventral lateral sparse strip of long thin black setae. Sternum: broadly oval-shaped, widest between coxae II & III, margin darker orange than centre. Legs: Legs I much broader and darker; dense long black ventral setae interspersed with longer sparser white ventral setae on femur, patella, tibia. Abdomen: long and thin, more than twice as long as wide; beige with brown-black mottling; long brown lateral setae; brown and white tuft of setae at anterior face. Pedipalp: femur slightly longer than patella and tibia together, patella and tibia about the same length; RTA thumb- like, short and rounded; SD arises medially and loops around tegulum for half its length; embolus moderately short and straight, directed prolaterally tapering to a sharp point. Leg spination: I: F d 3 pl 2, P pl 1, Ti v 4 - 3, Mt v 2 - 2; II: F d 2 pl 3, P pl 1 (small), Ti pl 2 v 1 - 2, Mt v 2 - 2.	en	Murray, Katie I., Escobar-Toledo, Jaime, Pett, Brogan L. (2024): Three new species of plexippine jumping spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) from dry forest in Boeny region, north-western Madagascar. African Invertebrates 65 (2): 61-74, DOI: 10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.126810
