identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
305287EEFFECFFB2F3D6FE24FB79FA95.text	305287EEFFECFFB2F3D6FE24FB79FA95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthoderini Thomson 1860	<div><p>ACANTHODERINI</p><p>On the differences between Psapharochrus Thomson, 1864, and Acanthoderes Audinet-Serville, 1835</p><p>Although it is beyond the scope of this work to provide a synopsis of the genera of Acanthoderini, we need to provide some comments on the differences among some genera in order to explain the allocation of two species currently in Psapharochrus .</p><p>Thomson (1864) included Psapharochrus Thomson, 1864, Symperasmus Thomson, 1864, and Acanthoderes Audinet-Serville, 1835 in his “4 e Division—Acanthoderitae Verae”, characterized by him as follows (translated): “Frons wide; procoxal cavities rounded or slightly angulate sideward; femora clavate; tarsi short, protarsi in male widened and setose.” In the same work, he included Scythropopsis Thomson, 1864 in his “5 e Division— Onychoceritae”, defined as follows (translated): “Frons wide; antennae short, usually shorter than body, usually distinctly decreasing from antennomere IV; procoxal cavities “vel vix extus” [incomplete sentence], or angulate sideward; tibiae (especially protibiae) widened and nearly flattened; protarsi in male widened and setose.”</p><p>Additionally, Thomson (1864) separated his 4 th and 5 th divisions based on the granulation of the eyes (size of the ommatidia) (translated): “Eyes barely coarse, or finely granulate”, leading to Psapharochrus, Acanthoderes, and Symperasmus; “Eyes small, very finely granulate”, leading to Scythropopsis . Curiously, the position of the alternative of couplet is confused and makes no sense: Definition of the 4 th Division, first option of the dilemma, genera included in the 4 th Division, second option of the dilemma, definition of the 5 th Division, and genera included in the 5 th Division. Notwithstanding, the granulation of the eyes in Acanthoderes and Scythropopsis is identical (very fine) and not as in Psapharochrus and Symperasmus (coarser).</p><p>Lacordaire (1872) considered Symperasmus as a synonymy of Psapharochrus . Gemminger (1873) included Psapharochrus, Symperasmus and Scythropopsis as synonyms of Acanthoderes . Aurivillius (1923) listed Aegomorphus Haldeman, 1847, Pardalisia Casey, 1913, Psapharochrus, Scythropopsis, and Symperasmus as subgenera of Acanthoderes . The species of Pardalisia, Scythropopsis and Symperasmus were listed by Aurivillius (1923) in A. ( Psapharochrus), with the following commented (translated): “For the time being, it is impossible to distribute the species among these sub-genera, which have so far been insufficiently characterized.” Monné (1994b) and Monné &amp; Giesbert (1994), followed Aurivillius (1923), but listed each species in the respective subgenus of Acanthoderes .</p><p>Tavakilian &amp; Néouze (2013) described Scythropopsis boucheri from French Guiana. Accordingly, these authors considered Scythropopsis as a distinct genus, but did not provide any explanation. Monné (2018) still considered Scythropopsis as a subgenus of Acanthoderes .</p><p>As it is possible to see, the status and position of Acanthoderes, Psapharochrus, Symperasmus, and Scythropopsis has been chaotic, with authors synonymizing, revalidating, and changing the status without any explanation. Thus, to establish a point, we prefer to consider the later position in Monné (2018): Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes); A. ( Scythropopsis); A. (Symperasmus); A. (Pardalisia); and Psapharochrus .</p><p>Apart from those controversial classifications, it was Lacordaire (1872) who provided the best feature to separate Psapharochrus (Fig. 1) (including Symperasmus (Fig. 5) as a synonym) from Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) (Fig. 2) and A. ( Scythropopsis) (Fig. 3). The former was included among the genera with eyes coarsely or sub-coarsely granulated, while the two latter were included among the genera with eyes finely granulated. Thomson (1864) also used this feature, but as seen above, Acanthoderes was incorrectly included among the genera with eyes not very finely granulated.</p><p>As the eyes in Symperasmus are not finely granulated, it makes no sense to include it as a subgenus of Acanthoderes . We prefer not to make any taxonomic change in this work regarding the placement of Symperasmus, but we believe that Lacordaire (1872) was right: Symperasmus is apparently a synonym of Psapharochrus .</p><p>The features pointed out by Casey (1913) separating Pardalisia (which has eyes very finely granulated (Fig. 4)) from Acanthoderes are not useful, and partially not true. For example, according to Casey (1913), the mesosternal process is “wholly devoid of tubercles” in Pardalisia, but according to Chemsak &amp; Hovore (2002), the mesoventral process in Acanthoderes (Pardalisia) amplifrons Chemsak &amp; Hovore, 2002 is “vaguely tuberculate at sides.” It is true that Chemsak &amp; Hovore (2002) did not include their new species in subgenera, but they compared A. (P.) amplifrons with A. lacrymans (Thomson, 1865) and A. funeraria Bates, 1861, suggesting the allocation. Also, according to Casey (1913), the elytra in Pardalisia are “together circularly rounded and perfectly entire at apex.” However, the elytral apex in A. (P.) amplifrons and A. (P.) lacrymans is truncate the latter included in A. (Pardalisia) by Monné &amp; Hovore (1994) and Monné (1994b). It is likely that Pardalisia is a synonym of Acanthoderes, but a detailed study of the species currently in these genera (and subgenera) is necessary to confirm this synonymy.</p><p>At this point, only Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) and Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) need to be differentiated.</p><p>According to Lacordaire (1872), they can be separated as follows (translated):</p><p>1 Elytra entirely smooth........................................................................ Acanthoderes - Elytra with distinct carina.................................................................... Scythropopsis ”</p><p>Additionally, according to Lacordaire (1872), the lower eye lobes are large in Acanthoderes and small in Scythropopsis . This additional difference is true, at least in the type species of each genus. The elytral carina in some species currently placed in Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes) is absent or nearly so, and reaches from the basal quarter to beyond middle, or is distinct from base to outer apex. As there are species with small lower eye lobes and elytral carina complete from base to apex, as well as species with large lower eye lobes and elytral carina surpassing the middle of the elytra, it is not possible, for now, to establish the limits between these two genera/ subgenera. Accordingly, Scythropopsis is provisionally kept as a subgenus of Acanthoderes, although probably all species with lower eye lobes distinctly smaller than gena and elytral carina complete from base to outer apex belong to Scythropopsis (and it may be considered as a distinct genus), and all species with lower eye lobes longer or about as long as gena and elytra carina not reaching outer apex belong to Acanthoderes .</p><p>As Psapharochrus abstersus (Bates, 1880), and Psapharochrus pupillatus (Bates, 1880), have eyes very finely granulated, lower eye lobes distinctly shorter than gena, and elytral carina distinct from base to outer apex, they should be transferred to Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) .</p><p>Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) boucheri, apparently, has the eyes not finely granulated. If so, it cannot be a true Acanthoderes . As we do not have specimens of this species, we cannot correctly allocate it.</p><p>We understand that all these comments are not conclusive, but we believe that they are necessary, especially to draw attention to the need for a thorough review of Acanthoderes and Psapharochrus . After several problematic conclusions about these genera by previous authors, we prefer to not propose any synonymies and/or new ranks involving these genera without a detailed study of their species, even seeing that, evidently, there are several species that are incorrectly allocated. Furthermore, it will be necessary to verify other genera of Acanthoderini, as for example Aegomorphus Haldeman, 1847, which belongs to this complex of genera.</p><p>In summary:</p><p>1. Symperasmus —probably a synonym of Psapharochrus, but, at least, it must be considered a subgenus of Psapharochrus .</p><p>2. Pardalisia —probably a synonym of Acanthoderes;</p><p>3. Scythropopsis —probably a genus distinct from Acanthoderes;</p><p>4. Eyes very finely granulated— Acanthoderes (Acanthoderes); A. (Pardalisia); A. ( Scythropopsis).</p><p>5. Eyes coarsely or moderately coarsely granulated— Psapharochrus; A. (Symperasmus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/305287EEFFECFFB2F3D6FE24FB79FA95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L. (2018): Synonymies, transferences, redescriptions and new species in Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Zootaxa 4462 (2): 192-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.2.2
305287EEFFEEFFB7F3D6FA38FAC9FC7E.text	305287EEFFEEFFB7F3D6FA38FAC9FC7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteridotelus laticornis White 1855	<div><p>Pteridotelus laticornis White, 1855</p><p>(Figs 6–14)</p><p>Pteridotelus laticornis White, 1855: 356; Thomson, 1861: 382; 1864: 20; Rojas, 1866: 245; Lacordaire, 1872: 752; Gemminger, 1873: 3145 (cat.); Aurivillius, 1923: 383 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 610 (checklist); Beebe, 1951: 261; Gilmour, 1965: 611 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 237 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 53 (cat.); 2005: 215 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 211 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 297 (cat.); Bezark, 2018: 242 (checklist).</p><p>Acanthoderes (Pteridotelus) hematopus Lameere, 1884: 109; Cools, 1993: 94 (type). Syn. nov.</p><p>Pteridotelus hematopus; Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 237 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 53 (cat.); 2005: 215 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 211 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 297 (cat.); Bezark, 2018: 242 (checklist).</p><p>Pteridotelus haematopus; Aurivillius, 1923: 383 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 610 (checklist).</p><p>Redescription. Female (Figs 6–10). Integument mostly black; anteclypeus yellowish brown; posterior area of scape, pedicel, about anterior half of antennomeres III–VI dark reddish brown, and remaining surface dark brown; antennomeres VII–X with dark reddish-brown narrow anterior ring, and remaining surface dark brown; antennomere XI dark brown; posterior area of elytra dark reddish brown; anterior and central area of tibiae dark reddish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons minutely, abundantly punctate; with yellowish-white pubescence (more whitish depending on angle of light source) nearly obscuring integument, interspersed with some long, erect dark setae (longer close to eyes). Vertex minutely, moderately sparsely punctate; with yellowish-white pubescence obscuring integument close to eyes, less so toward center, interspersed with yellowish-brown pubescence. Area behind eyes with light yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument except glabrous area close to prothorax behind lower eye lobes; with long, erect, sparse dark setae close to eye. Genae with light yellowish-brown pubescence nearly obscuring integument. Antennal tubercles minutely, abundantly punctate except smooth distal area; with yellowish-white (more whitish depending on angle of light source) pubescence nearly obscuring integument basally, glabrous on apex. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area between upper eye lobes. Postclypeus with bristly yellowish-white (more whitish depending on angle of light source) pubescence on wide central area, glabrous laterally; with long, erect, sparse dark setae directed forward. Labrum with pubescence and setae as of postclypeus. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous close to prothorax, depressed, with yellowish-white pubescence toward mentum. Lower eye lobes 0.6 times genal length; distance between upper eye lobes 0.72 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.97 times length of scape. Antennae slightly longer than elytra, almost reaching posterior quarter of elytra; scape gradually widened toward apex, especially from basal third, with yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument, with long, erect, sparse golden setae ventrally; pedicel and anterior area of antennomeres III–XI with yellowish-white pubescence (more whitish depending on angle of light source), covering about anterior half on antennomeres III–VI, forming narrow anterior ring on remaining antennomeres; antennomeres VII–X distinctly widened toward apex; antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.97; pedicel = 0.25; IV = 0.77; V = 0.52; VI = 0.73; VII = 0.28; VIII = 0.27; IX = 0.22; X = 0.21; XI = 0.18.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 1.75 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercle placed at middle, conical, large. Pronotum with large, elevated tubercle with blunt apex at each side, from about middle to anterior third; with moderately wide longitudinal gibbosity centrally, from near anterior area to near posterior area, narrowed along middle length; with transverse row of coarse punctures anteriorly and posteriorly, nearly absent centrally, and coarsely, sparsely punctate on remaining surface except on smooth tubercles and central gibbosity; with yellowish-white (more yellowish-brown on some areas) pubescence obscuring integument laterally, slightly sparser centrally except glabrous central gibbosity and top of tubercles; with a few long, erect, dark setae on sides of posterior half. Sides of prothorax with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument except transverse yellowish-brown pubescent band close to prosternum. Prosternum with yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, gradually grayish-white, sparser toward center. Prosternal process about as wide as a procoxal cavity. Ventral sides of meso- and metathorax with dense yellow pubescence laterally, sparser, grayish-white toward center. Distal area of mesoventral process wider than a mesocoxal cavity. Scutellum with longitudinal grayish-white pubescent band centrally, shorter, sparser, yellowish-brown laterally. Elytra. With distinct carina from anterior area between humerus and scutellum to outer apex, wider, more elevated, slightly granulated at anterior fifth; coarsely, sparsely punctate (punctures nearly absent on distal half); humerus granulated; apex slightly concave, with outer and sutural angles somewhat projected; pubescence dense, mostly grayish-white except: yellow pubescent band near suture on anterior quarter, starting near apex of scutellum; irregular, transverse pubescent band after middle, not reaching inclined side; with subcircular spot with dark-brown pubescence on anterior third, between carina and inclined side, partially surrounded with yellow pubescence; two irregular spots with dark-brown pubescence close to transverse yellow pubescent band, partially fused (not fuse in syntype figured in the original description), and partially surrounded with yellow pubescence; some small, subcircular spots with dark-brown pubescence between carina and suture, partially surrounded with yellow pubescence; with nearly triangular macula with dark-brown pubescence on inclined area, one before, another after middle (the latter partially surrounded with yellowish-brown pubescence; irregular macula with dark-brown pubescence near apex of inclined area, partially surrounded with yellowish-brown pubescence. Legs. Femora with grayish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument, distinctly bristly on ventral side of peduncle, especially on meso- and metafemora. Tibiae with grayish-white pubescence except two wide rings with shorter, sparse brownish pubescence, one at anterior half, another near apex. Tarsomeres I and V mostly with grayish-white pubescence; remaining tarsomeres with dark-brown pubescence interspersed with grayish-white pubescence.</p><p>Abdomen. Sides of ventrites with dense yellow pubescence, grayish-white, sparser toward center, especially sparser on V; ventrite V longitudinally sulcate on center of basal 2/3; apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), 1 female. Total length, 10.90; prothoracic length, 2.10; posterior prothoracic width, 3.00; anterior prothoracic width, 2.55; widest prothoracic width, 3.65; humeral width, 4.85; elytral length, 7.50.</p><p>Material examined. VENEZUELA, Distrito Federal: Bajo Seco (1900 m), 29.V.1988, C. J. Rosales col. (MZSP) .</p><p>Remarks. White (1855) described Pteridotelus for his new species P. laticornis from Venezuela. Pteridotelus laticornis was described based on at least two specimens, but the sex of the specimens was not indicated. The figure in White (1855) appears to be a female. The original description did not comment on the yellowish pubescence, which is evident dorsally and ventrally in the specimen examined, and also in a syntype (Fig. 14). The general pubescence in one of the syntypes (Fig. 14) is mostly yellowish-brown interspersed with whitish pubescence. According to White (1855): “Elytra delicately varied with grey and white, and with a few black dots; on each are six larger black spots, three of them on the margin, the other three surrounded with brown hairs.”</p><p>Lameere (1884) described Acanthoderes (Pteridotelus) hematopus based on a single male also from Venezuela, and did not compare it with any species of the genus. Examining photographs of the holotype (Figs 11– 13) and reading the original description, it is possible to see that it is a male of P. laticornis . Although the general pubescence is heavily damaged in the holotype, we can see that it is the same as in P. laticornis, especially the position of the dark pubescent spots. Accordingly, we consider P. hematopus as a junior synonym of P. laticornis .</p><p>Rojas (1866) was the only worker who commented on P. laticornis after the original description (translated): “Cold climates; it flies during the day around recently felled trees. He has the same habits as the previous ones [ Acrocinus longimanus (Linnaeus, 1758); Tapeina erectifrons Thomson, 1857; Steirastoma depressa (Fabricius, 1781) = Steirastoma breve (Sulzer, 1776); Acanthocinus pupillatus Chevrolat [unknown species]; Acanthoderes nigricans Lameere, 1884 = Psapharochrus nigricans] and lives in the same places in May, June and July.”</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/305287EEFFEEFFB7F3D6FA38FAC9FC7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L. (2018): Synonymies, transferences, redescriptions and new species in Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Zootaxa 4462 (2): 192-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.2.2
305287EEFFEBFFB8F3D6FC52FF34FE0A.text	305287EEFFEBFFB8F3D6FC52FF34FE0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) abstersa (Santos-Silva & Nascimento 1880) Bates 1880	<div><p>Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) abstersa Bates, 1880, comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 15–19)</p><p>Acanthoderes abstersus Bates, 1880: 60 .</p><p>Acanthoderes abstersa; Lameere, 1883: 62 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 610 (checklist).</p><p>Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) abstersa; Aurivillius, 1923: 385 (cat.); Gilmour, 1965: 614 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 229 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 57 (cat.); Martínez, 2000: 93 (distr.).</p><p>Psapharochrus abstersus; Monné, 2005: 199 (cat.); 2018: 278 (cat.); Bezark, 2018: 240 (checklist).</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 15–18). Integument black except yellowish-brown anteclypeus.</p><p>Head. Frons densely micropunctate; with yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument; with a few long, erect dark setae laterally. Vertex densely micropunctate from area between antennal tubercles, slightly, gradually sparser toward prothoracic margin; area between antennal tubercles and just after posterior margin of upper eye lobes with dense yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, except one nearly glabrous reentrance on each side near upper eye lobes (not present in the holotype); remaining surface nearly glabrous. Area behind upper eye lobes finely, densely punctate close to eyes, finer, somewhat sparser toward prothorax; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence close to eye, glabrous on remaining surface. Area behind connection of eye lobes densely micropunctate toward connection, finely, abundantly punctate toward prothorax (punctures coarser than on area behind upper eye lobes); with narrow yellowish-brown pubescent band close to connection, nearly glabrous on remaining surface. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid, nearly smooth on large area close to eye, finely punctate close to prothorax; with yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument on tumid area, glabrous on remaining surface. Genae densely micropunctate except smooth narrow distal area; with yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument close to eyes, gradually sparser toward glabrous apex. Antennal tubercles with slight longitudinal sulcus near base, densely micropunctate basally, gradually smooth toward apex; with yellowishbrown pubescence nearly obscuring integument on basal area, distinctly sparer toward apex. Median groove distinct from clypeus to near anterior prothoracic margin. Postclypeus widely concave centrally; with somewhat bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on wide central area, but glabrous on center of this area, glabrous laterally; with a few long, erect dark setae on wide central area. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior 2/3, inclined at anterior third; with yellowish brown pubescence on posterior 2/3 and row of dark erect setae close to inclined area; inclined area nearly glabrous, with fringe of golden setae at anterior margin. Gulamentum with yellowish- brown pubescence on anterior area, not obscuring integument. Lower eye lobes 0.6 times genal length; connection between eye lobes formed by narrow carina, without ommatidia; distance between upper eye lobes 0.56 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes equal to length of scape. Apex of antennomere VI reaching almost reaching posterior third of elytra (antennomeres V–XI missing on the left antenna, and VII–XI missing on the right antenna in the single specimen examined). Scape distinctly widened from apex of anterior quarter to middle, then narrowed toward apex; with yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, especially dorsally on basal half. Pedicel with grayish-white pubescence on anterior area, gradually yellowishbrown toward posterior area. Antennomere III with grayish-white pubescence on anterior third, gradually yellowish-brown toward middle, then brownish, less conspicuous toward apex; antennomere IV with grayish-white pubescence until after middle, then brownish, slightly conspicuous toward apex; antennomeres V–VI with grayishwhite pubescence on anterior third, brownish, slightly conspicuous on remaining surface; posterior ventral third of antennomere III irregularly dentate; antennomeres IV–VI irregularly dentate ventrally from near base (gradually larger toward apex). Antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.65; pedicel = 0.17; IV = 0.78; V = 0.43; VI = 0.36.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 1.75 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles placed at middle, conical, large, with blunt apex. Pronotum with large conical tubercle with blunt apex on each side, from about anterior fifth to after middle (apex directed outward); with wide longitudinal gibbosity centrally, from near anterior area to near posterior area, narrowed and more elevated along middle length; with row of coarse punctures near posterior margin, with finer, sparser punctures on remaining surface, except on tubercles and central gibbosity; with yellowish-white pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous apex of dorsal and lateral tubercles and central gibbosity, and two circular spots on each side with dark-brown pubescence (one on anterior surface of tubercle, another between posterior margin and tubercle). Sides of prothorax moderately finely, sparsely punctate; with yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument. Prosternum with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, denser laterally toward posterior area. Prosternal process about 0.75 times as wide as procoxal cavity, longitudinally, widely carinate centrally, with lateral margins elevated. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with yellowish-brown pubescence, sparser centrally on mesoventrite, longer, darker centrally on metaventrite. Mesoventral process about as wide as mesocoxal cavity; with distinct tubercle on each side of anterior area. Scutellum with wide, longitudinal dark-brown pubescent band centrally, with grayish-yellow pubescence laterally. Elytra. With distinct carina from anterior area between humerus and scutellum to outer apex, more elevated, somewhat granulated at anterior fifth (anterior area projected forward); with moderately fine, very sparse punctures; humerus projected; with small granules laterally on anterior quarter, starting at apex of humerus; minutely granulated on anterior quarter near suture; apex truncate, with outer angle projected; with grayish-yellow pubescence obscuring integument, interspersed with irregular, small areas with white pubescence, except: nearly glabrous along carina; two elliptical, oblique dark-brown pubescent spots on anterior third (one on each side of carina); two elliptical, fused dark-brown pubescent spots dorsally just after middle; irregular macula with darkbrown pubescence near apex, nearly reaching lateral margin; two subcircular large dark-brown pubescent spots on inclined area, one before middle, another after middle; small dark-brown pubescent spots near suture from apex of anterior third to almost apex; with moderately short, erect, sparse brownish setae on anterior 2/3. Legs. Femora pedunculate-clavate, with peduncle of profemora shorter than in meso- and metafemora; with grayish-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument on some areas. Protibiae distinctly widened toward apex, with a tooth ventrally at about middle; with grayish-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument on anterior 2/3 (dorsally interspersed with yellowish-brown pubescence at about middle), brownish, less conspicuous on posterior third. Meso- and metatibiae with narrow anterior ring with brownish, slightly conspicuous pubescence, followed by narrow ring with grayish pubescence, yellowish-brown ring until apex of anterior third (grayish ventrally on this area), wide grayish ring until just after middle, wide ring with dark-brown, bristly, thick (thicker dorsally on mesofemora) setae toward apex (partially interspersed with grayish pubescence near apex). Protarsomeres entirely dark, with very long, dense dark setae laterally on tarsomeres I–III, brown mixed with dark yellowish-brown, long, dense setae ventrally on tarsomeres I–II, short, dense, yellow ventrally on tarsomere III; tarsomere V with sparse grayish pubescence dorsally, gradually brownish toward apex, with moderately long and dense dark setae at posterior half of lateral and ventral sides. Meso- and metatarsomere I with grayish pubescence dorsally, black ventrally; meso- and metatarsomere II with black pubescence dorsally, black basally and laterally and yellowish on remaining surface of ventral side; meso- and metatarsomere III with black setae dorsally, yellow and dense ventrally; meso- and metatarsomere V with moderately sparse grayish pubescence, interspersed with long, erect, dark setae toward apex.</p><p>Abdomen. Sides of ventrites with dense yellowish-brown pubescence, gradually sparser, grayish-yellow toward center; posterior area of ventrite V distinctly depressed; posterior margin of ventrite V concave.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), 1 male. Total length, 23.40; prothoracic length, 5.20; posterior prothoracic width, 6.35; anterior prothoracic width, 6.35; widest prothoracic width, 9.35; humeral width, 10.50; elytral length, 15.30.</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA: without detailed location, date and collector indicated, 1 male col. (MZSP) .</p><p>Remarks. Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) abstersa differs from A. (S.) pupillata as follows: general dorsal pubescence mostly yellowish-white and grayish-yellow; tarsomeres V dark in color; lateral setae of protarsomeres distinctly longer; dark-brown pubescent spots on elytra larger (Fig. 15). In A. (S.) pupillata, the general dorsal pubescence is mostly light greenish-brown interspersed with white pubescence, tarsomeres V are yellowish-brown, lateral setae of protarsomeres are distinctly shorter, and the dark-brown pubescent spots on elytra are smaller (Fig. 20).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/305287EEFFEBFFB8F3D6FC52FF34FE0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L. (2018): Synonymies, transferences, redescriptions and new species in Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Zootaxa 4462 (2): 192-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.2.2
305287EEFFE4FFBBF3D6FDC1FCF7F86A.text	305287EEFFE4FFBBF3D6FDC1FCF7F86A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) pupillata Bates 1880	<div><p>Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) pupillata Bates, 1880, comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 20–24)</p><p>Acanthoderes pupillatus Bates, 1880: 60 .</p><p>Acanthoderes pupillata; Lameere, 1883: 62 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 611 (checklist).</p><p>Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) pupillata; Aurivillius, 1923: 387 (cat.); Gilmour, 1965: 614 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 231 (checklist); Monné, 1994b: 67 (cat.); Martínez, 2000: 94 (distr.).</p><p>Psapharochrus pupillatus; Monné, 2005: 211 (cat.); 2018: 293 (cat.); Bezark, 2018: 242 (checklist).</p><p>Description. Female (Figs 20–23). Integument mostly black; antennomeres III–VIII with dark reddish-brown ring anteriorly, gradually smaller toward VIII; femora dark brown, almost black; tibiae dark reddish-brown, almost brown, on anterior 2/3; tarsomere III gradually reddish brown toward apex; tarsomere V yellowish-brown except black claws.</p><p>Head. Frons densely micropunctate; with greenish-brown pubescence obscuring integument (somewhat yellowish-green depending on angle of light source); with a few long, erect dark setae laterally. Vertex with slightly elevated gibbosity between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes; densely micropunctate; with greenish-brown pubescence obscuring integument (somewhat yellowish-green depending on angle of light source) except glabrous tip of gibbosity. Area behind upper eye lobes with dense greenish-brown pubescence greenish-brown obscuring integument. Area behind connection of eye lobes densely micropunctate toward connection (this area forming moderately wide, glabrous reentrance toward tumid area behind lower eye lobe), finely, abundantly punctate toward prothorax; with narrow greenish-brown pubescent band close to connection, glabrous on remaining surface. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid, densely micropunctate on large area close to eye, finely, moderately abundant punctate close to prothorax, gradually finer, sparser toward ventral side; with greenish-brown pubescence on tumid area, except on glabrous reentrance, glabrous on remaining surface. Genae densely micropunctate; with greenishbrown pubescence partially obscuring integument, except on glabrous apex. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing and pubescence as on frons, except smooth, glabrous apex. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Postclypeus widely emarginate centrally; with greenish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument on wide central area close to frons, glabrous laterally; with dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence close to anteclypeus; with long, erect dark setae on wide central area. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior 2/3, inclined at anterior third; posterior 2/3 with greenish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, and erect setae close to inclined area (setae darkened basally, yellowish toward apex); anterior third nearly glabrous, with fringe of golden setae at anterior margin. Gulamentum with greenish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument on anterior third. Lower eye lobes 0.5 times genal length; connection between eye lobes formed by narrow carina, without ommatidia; distance between upper eye lobes 0.72 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes slightly larger than length of scape. Antennae 1.2 times elytral length, nearly reaching posterior fifth of elytra. Scape widened on posterior half (slightly narrowed from middle of posterior half); with yellowishbrown pubescence partially obscuring integument; with long, erect yellowish setae ventrally, more abundant on basal third. Pedicel with yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument; with long, erect yellowish setae ventrally. Antennomeres III–IV with pale-yellow pubescence on anterior half, gradually sparser, slightly conspicuous toward apex; apex with short, thick, dark setae on ventral and inner side; with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae ventrally on III, nearly absent on IV. Antennomeres V–VIII with sparse pale-yellow pubescence on anterior third, sparser, slightly conspicuous toward apex; remaining antennomeres with minute, slightly conspicuous brownish pubescence. Antennal formula based on antennomere III (only one female measured): scape = 0.85; pedicel = 0.21; IV = 0.73; V = 0.46; VI = 0.40; VII = 0.36; VIII = 0.28; IX = 0.22; X = 0.20; XI = 0.20.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 2.0 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles placed at middle, conical, large, with blunt apex. Pronotum whit large conical tubercle with blunt apex on each side, from about anterior fifth to distal quarter (apex directed outward); with wide longitudinal gibbosity centrally, from near anterior area to near posterior area, narrowed along middle length; with row of coarse punctures posteriorly on each side of central gibbosity, with coarse, sparse punctures on remaining surface, except on tubercles and central gibbosity; with yellowish-white (more whitish depending on angle of light source) pubescence partially obscuring integument between lateral tubercles and laterally (including on lateral tubercles of prothorax), greenish-brown on narrow anterior and posterior areas and between areas with yellowish-white pubescence, and two spots on each side with dark-brown pubescence (one on anterior surface of tubercle, another between posterior margin and tubercle); tips of tubercles and central gibbosity glabrous. Sides of prothorax with yellowish-white pubescence on wide central area, partially obscuring integument; anterior and posterior areas with greenish-brown pubescence. Prosternum with greenish-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly denser laterally. Posterior area of prosternal process slightly wider than procoxal cavity, forming distinct tubercle on each side of posterior curvature. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax with greenish-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous anterocentral area of mesoventrite. Mesoventral process about 1.3 times as wide as mesocoxal cavity; with distinct tubercle on each side of anterior area. Scutellum with wide, longitudinal dark-brown pubescent band centrally, with pale-yellow pubescence laterally. Elytra. With distinct carina from anterior area between humerus and scutellum to outer apex, more elevated, granulated at anterior fifth (anterior area projected forward); humerus projected; with small, sparse granules between carina and lateral curvature, and near suture; apex truncate, with outer angle acutely projected; with greenish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, interspersed with irregular areas with white pubescence, except: nearly glabrous along carina; two subcircular dark-brown pubescent spots on anterior third (one on each side of carina); two subcircular dark-brown pubescent spots dorsally just after middle, both spots placed between carina and lateral curvature; small, irregular macula with dark-brown pubescence near apex; two subcircular dark-brown pubescent spots on inclined area, one before middle, another after middle; with a few moderately short erect brownish setae on basal third. Legs. Femora pedunculate-clavate, with peduncle of profemora shorter than in meso- and metafemora; with greenish-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument. Protibia distinctly widened toward apex; with short tooth ventrally at about middle; with greenishyellow pubescence on anterior 2/3 except greenish-brown macula dorsally near middle, brownish, less conspicuous and interspersed with long, erect black setae on posterior third. Meso- and metatibiae with greenish-yellow pubescence, except two wide rings with greenish-brown pubescence, one before middle, another after middle (the latter distinctly darkened laterally and dorsally on mesotibiae); posterior area with long, erect dark setae dorsally. Tarsomeres I with dense, black setae (longer dorsally) interspersed with grayish setae on dorsal base (this area wider on meso- and metatarsomeres); tarsomeres II with dense black setae except yellowish-brown setae on apex of ventral side; tarsomeres III with dense black setae dorsally on about basal 2/3, with yellowish-brown setae on remaining surface (distinctly denser ventrally); tarsomeres V with yellowish-brown setae not obscuring integument.</p><p>Abdomen. Sides of ventrites with greenish-yellow pubescence, gradually sparser toward center, especially sparser on anterocentral area of ventrite V. Ventrite V finely, slightly sulcate centrally from base to near apex; posterior third depressed on each side of central area; posterior margin nearly rounded.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), 3 females. Total length, 12.70–21.40; prothoracic length, 2.50–4.15; posterior prothoracic width, 3.25–5.85; anterior prothoracic width, 3.30–5.30; widest prothoracic width, 4.90–8.10; humeral width, 5.30–9.60; elytral length, 8.80–14.30.</p><p>Material examined. VENEZUELA, 1 female, no date indicated, D. Poggi col. (MZSP) . Distrito Capital: Caracas (Berg Avila), 1 female, no date indicated, P.C. Vogl col. (MZSP) . 1 female, Van Lansberg (no other data) (MZSP) .</p><p>Remarks. The type series includes males and females. Unfortunately, we do not examine males of this species. See remarks in Acanthoderes (Scythropopsis) abstersa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/305287EEFFE4FFBBF3D6FDC1FCF7F86A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L. (2018): Synonymies, transferences, redescriptions and new species in Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Zootaxa 4462 (2): 192-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.2.2
305287EEFFE6FFBEF3D6F8D4FED7FD9E.text	305287EEFFE6FFBEF3D6F8D4FED7FD9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Desmiphora (Desmiphora) elegantula White 1855	<div><p>Desmiphora (Desmiphora) elegantula White, 1855</p><p>(Figs 25–29, 38)</p><p>Desmiphora elegantula White, 1855: 401; Bates, 1866: 201; Aurivillius, 1922: 304 (cat.); Mendes, 1938: 315; Blackwelder, 1946: 599 (checklist); Galileo &amp; Martins, 1991: 329 (distr.).</p><p>Desmiphora (Desmiphora) elegantula; Breuning, 1963: 511 (cat.); 1974: 149; Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 216 (checklist); Monné, 1994a: 57 (cat.); Tavakilian &amp; Néouze, 2004: 57 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 385 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 243 (checklist); Morvan &amp; Morati, 2006: 44 (distr.); Morvan &amp; Roguet, 2013: 25 (distr.); Monné, 2018: 521 (cat.); Bezark, 2018: 279 (checklist).</p><p>Desmophora elegantula; Gemminger, 1873: 3107 (cat.).</p><p>Desmiphora senicula Bates, 1866: 200; Aurivillius, 1900: 414 (distr.); 1922: 305 (cat.); Mendes, 1938: 315; Blackwelder, 1946: 599 (checklist); Wappes et al., 2006: 29 (distr.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Desmiphora (Desmiphora) senicula; Breuning, 1963: 511 (cat.); 1974: 151; Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 217 (checklist); Monné, 1994a: 60 (cat.); 2005: 390 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 244 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 528 (cat.); Bezark, 2018: 279 (checklist).</p><p>Desmophora senicula; Gemminger, 1873: 3107 (cat.).</p><p>Redescription. Female (Figs 25–28). Head from nearly entirely black to nearly entirely dark reddish-brown, usually gulamentum lighter than dorsal surface, and posterior half of labrum and palpi yellowish-brown. Scape, pedicel and antennomeres III-IV partially yellowish-brown, with remaining surface from dark brown to black (sometimes all or part of these segments entirely black or nearly entirely yellowish-brown); remaining antennomeres from dark-brown to black. Pronotum black, sometimes dark reddish brown on anterocentral region. Prosternum usually black anteriorly, gradually yellowish-brown toward prosternal process. Mesoventrite usually reddish brown centrally, darkened laterally (sometimes entirely reddish-brown or with central area black anteriorly and reddish brown posteriorly); remaining surface of mesothorax black. Ventral side of metathorax black. Elytra from dark brown to black on anterior area, large semi-elliptical central area slightly surpassing apex of anterior third, nearly all posterior quarter, two longitudinal bands on lateral inclined area, from anterior to posterior dark areas, and remaining surface reddish-brown. Pro- and mesofemora from yellowish-brown to reddish-brown on about basal half, brown on remaining surface; metafemora from yellowish-brown to reddish-brown on basal half, black on remaining surface except usually yellowish-brown posterior area of ventral side. Tibiae darkened basally, yellowish-brown on remaining surface. Tarsi from yellowish-brown to reddish-brown except black claws. Abdominal ventrites black (sometimes dark reddish brown on basal segments). Observation: it is expected more color variations than those reported here.</p><p>Head. Frons moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence, more brownish toward antennal tubercles, interspersed with grayish-white pubescence (more whitish depending on angle of light source) centrally and close to inferior margin of lower eye lobes, and interspersed with long, erect paleyellow and whitish setae, longer close to lower eye lobes. Vertex moderately coarsely, densely punctate; with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument except dense yellowish-brown pubescence close to upper eye lobes and V-shaped yellowish-brown band connected to pubescence close to eyes; with dense tuft of long, dark, thick setae between upper eye lobes and prothoracic margin on each side of median groove. Area behind upper eye lobes with brownish pubescence partially obscuring integument, except small, transverse white pubescent macula close to prothorax; with a few long, erect dark setae close to eye. Area behind lower eye lobes with brownish-golden pubescence close to eye (partially bristly), glabrous toward prothorax; with long, erect, moderately abundant white setae on pubescent area. Genae with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument (more brownishgolden depending on angle of light source) except glabrous area close to inferior side of lower eye lobe; with long, erect, sparse white setae. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing as on frons basally, densely micropunctate on remaining surface; with yellowish-brown pubescence, gradually sparser toward apex; with long, erect white setae frontally, and long, erect, dark setae toward upper eye lobes. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Postclypeus with yellowish-brown pubescence on wide central area, longer, bristly on sides of this area, glabrous laterally; with long, erect, sparse yellowish and whitish setae. Labrum with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with long, erect, moderately abundant yellowish setae on sides of inclined area; with fringe of golden setae at anterior margin. Gulamentum with sparse yellowish-white setae anteriorly, glabrous on remaining surface. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.46 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes slightly larger than length of scape. Antennae 1.3 times elytral length, reaching about posterior ninth of elytra. Scape with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument dorsally, slightly longer whitish ventrally; with a few long, erect dark setae dorsally, more abundant, white ventrally. Pedicel with yellowish-brown pubescence anteriorly, whitish toward apex; erect setae as on scape. Antennomeres III–IV with minute, slightly distinct yellowish-brown pubescence interspersed with distinct, white pubescence ventrally and laterally (denser near apex); with long, erect, sparse dark setae dorsally, white ventrally. Antennomeres V–X with longitudinal white pubescent band dorsally, widened near apex; with long, erect, dark setae throughout, and long, erect yellow setae on apex. Antennomere XI with long, erect, dark setae throughout, and long, erect yellow setae posteriorly. Antennal formula based on antennomere III (only one female measured): scape = 0.76; pedicel = 0.19; IV = 0.85; V = 0.54; VI = 0.47; VII = 0.46; VIII = 0.44; IX = 0.44; X = 0.42; XI = 0.47.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 1.38 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles long, spiniform, placed after middle. Pronotum coarsely, abundantly centrally, slightly finer anteriorly and posteriorly; with large trapezoid area with brownish pubescence (more yellowish-brown on some areas) centrally, less conspicuous on sides of posterior third and sides of central region; with narrow, longitudinal white pubescent macula centrally on posterior third (often fragmented, or incomplete); lateral margins of trapezoid region with oblique, dense, longitudinal pubescent band on posterior third, with distinctly erect, notably dense oblique band with tawny pubescence toward almost anterior margin, then curved, widened toward sides (pubescence on this latter area is dense but not erect); laterocentral area with large elliptical tawny pubescent macula, interspersed with transverse, narrow white pubescent macula toward lateral tubercles; remaining surface with slight conspicuous brownish pubescence, whitish anteriorly close to outer side of oblique tawny band, nearly glabrous on about middle of area between tawny elliptical and oblique pubescent areas; with long, erect, moderately sparse dark setae throughout; posterior margin with long, erect yellowish-brown setae projected on scutellum. Sides of prothorax with yellowishwhite pubescence obscuring integument except, moderately narrow transverse area close to pronotum with brownish, slightly conspicuous pubescence, anterior and posterior areas with yellowish-brown pubescence, and large, subtriangular macula with slightly conspicuous brownish pubescence posteriorly. Prosternum with sparse whitish setae anteriorly and centrally, with yellowish-brown pubescence on sides of posterior area; with long, erect white setae laterally. Mesoventrite with golden pubescence, distinctly denser laterally. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with wide black pubescent macula centrally, margined with whitish pubescence laterally. Metanepisternum and narrow sides of metaventrite with brownish, slightly conspicuous pubescence; with subtriangular, large tawny pubescent macula on sides of metaventrite (close to area with slightly conspicuous pubescence), and white pubescence on remaining surface; with long, erect white setae, especially on area with white pubescence. Scutellum with yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument. Elytra. Moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate on anterior third, gradually finer, sparer toward apex. Anterior third with nearly M-shaped area with complex pubescence: laterally with white pubescence (forming tuft posteriorly close to inclined area of elytra) interspersed with irregular areas with slightly conspicuous, brownish pubescence (more yellowish-brown toward epipleura), except oblique band anteriorly, between humerus and scutellum, with yellowish-brown pubescence margined with white pubescence; semi-elliptical central area with tawny pubescence on sides, white anteriorly, posteriorly and along suture. Central area of basal sixth with small tubercle covered with tuft of dense, long, dark, white and tawny setae. Posterior third with wide, arced, white pubescent macula, narrowed toward suture, forming distinct tufts laterally. Large central area with short yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument (sides of this area convergent toward arced posterior white macula); remaining wide central area with brownish, nearly inconspicuous pubescence interspersed with short, sparse white setae, and subelliptical, small spots with yellowish-brown pubescence along suture, which reach apex of elytra. Posterior area between arced macula and apex with light yellowish-brown pubescence interspersed with white pubescence. With long, erect, sparse, dark setae throughout, and long, erect white setae laterally on posterior third. Legs. Femora with white pubescence on light areas, not obscuring integument, more yellowish-white on dark areas of pro- and mesofemora, nearly inconspicuous on dark area of metafemora; with long, erect, moderately abundant white setae. Tibiae with white pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect, abundant white setae. Tarsi dorsally with yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect white setae.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrite I with white pubescence partially obscuring integument, and fringe with tawny setae posteriorly; ventrite II with yellowish pubescence laterally, and white pubescence centrally; ventrites III–IV with dense tawny pubescence laterally, except on lateroanterior area with nearly inconspicuous pubescence, and white pubescence centrally; ventrite V with dense white pubescence except on lateroanterior area with nearly inconspicuous pubescence; all ventrites with long, erect, moderately sparse white setae; ventrite V transversely depressed at posterior area; posterior margin of ventrite V rounded.</p><p>Male. Antennae longer, reaching elytral apex at basal third of antennomere XI; abdominal ventrite V not depressed posteriorly.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), 3 males / 3 females. Total length, 6.70–8.55/7.90–10.55; prothoracic length, 1.70–2.20/ 1.85–2.45; posterior prothoracic width, 1.50–2.05/1.75–2.40; anterior prothoracic width, 1.55–2.10/1.85–2.50; widest prothoracic width, 2.00–2.70/2.35–3.35; humeral width, 2.40–3.05/2.75–3.70; elytral length, 4.70–6.05/ 5.55–7.50.</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso do Sul (new state record): Salobra (zona da N.O.B), 1 male, 18- 29.X.1938, no collector indicated (MZSP) . São Paulo (new state record): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.088303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.373833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.088303/lat -20.373833)">Valentim Gentil</a> (20°22’25.8”S / 50°05’17.9”W, 2 males, 2 females, 30.VI.2017, W. D. Silva col. (1 male, 1 female, MZSP; 1 male, 1 female, ESALQ); margem do Rio Paraná, 1 male, X.1964, Expedição do Museu de Zoologia col. (MZSP).</p><p>Remarks. According to Bates (1866) on Desmiphora senicula (Fig. 38): “Elytra... base with one or two short tubercles on each side, but without tufts of long hairs.” We do not understand what Bates intended to say when he reported that the elytra have “one or two short tubercles on each side,” especially since his description is based on a single specimen. Comparing photographs of the holotype of both species, as well as the specimens examined, it is not possible to find a reliable difference between them. It is likely that the holotype of D. senicula is a specimen with reduced or lost tuft of setae on basal tubercles of the elytra. Also, these setae appear to be considerably variable in length, density and color, and we examined a specimen with the tuft of setae almost absent. Accordingly, we synonymize D. senicula with D. elegantula (Fig. 29), both described from Tapajós (Brazil, Pará). The redescription above (head, prothorax, legs, and abdomen) is based on a specimen with the most typical pubescence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/305287EEFFE6FFBEF3D6F8D4FED7FD9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L. (2018): Synonymies, transferences, redescriptions and new species in Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Zootaxa 4462 (2): 192-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.2.2
305287EEFFE2FFA0F3D6FD32FCC4FBEE.text	305287EEFFE2FFA0F3D6FD32FCC4FBEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Desmiphora (Desmiphora) normae Santos-Silva & Nascimento 2018	<div><p>Desmiphora (Desmiphora) normae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 30–33)</p><p>Description. male. Integument mostly dark brown; mouthparts (except mandibles) yellowish brown; scape dark brown ventrally, slightly brownish toward anterior and posterior margins; remaining antennomeres yellowish brown, gradually, slightly brownish in distal antennomeres; anterior half of elytra with oblique brownish, inverted V-shaped area, irregular dark brown areas interspersed; posterior half yellowish brown with irregular dark brown areas interspersed; femora with transverse dark-brown band about middle; remaining surface of legs yellowish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons coarsely, moderately punctate; with decumbent yellowish setae not obscuring integument (obscuring integument close to eyes), long, erect, yellowish setae interspersed. Vertex punctate as on frons; surface with decumbent yellowish setae not obscuring integument (obscuring close to eyes); area between upper eye lobes with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed with a few long, erect dark setae; area behind upper eye lobes without erect, elongate setae. Genae with sparse semidecumbent yellowish setae. Antennal tubercles slightly, gradually elevated from median groove. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area behind upper eye lobes. Postclypeus with decumbent yellowish setae laterally. Labrum with semidecumbent yellowish setae sparsely distributed. Lower eye lobes four times genal length; distance between lower eye lobes about twice scape diameter in front view. Upper eye lobes with five rows of ommatidia; distance between upper eye lobes about three rows of ommatidia. Antennae reaching posterior quarter of elytra; scape gradually widened from base to middle, slightly narrowed at apex; surface with decumbent yellowish setae interspersed with yellowish erect, elongate setae and a few erect, elongate black setae dorsally; pedicel with setae as on scape; antennomere III slightly arched; antennomeres III–XI with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed with a few long, erect dark setae, more scarce toward apical antennomeres; III–V elongated; VI–XI expanded laterally, with dense pubescence on outer side. Antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.95; pedicel = 0.25; IV = 0.95; V = 0.65; VI = 0.55; VII = 0.55; VIII = 0.50; IX = 0.45; X = 0.43; XI = 0.50.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 1.2 times wider than long, posteriorly narrowed; lateral tubercles conical and small, placed posteriorly to middle. Pronotum strongly convex, with decumbent yellowish setae, nearly obscuring integument; anterior half with long, erect yellowish setae closely distributed, extending laterally; middle of anterior area with a few long, erect black setae, forming small tuft; posterior third with two oblique bands of whitish pubescence on each side, one placed centrally, forming an inverted V-shaped pubescent macula together with longitudinal band centrally, another band from side to pronotal center; with three small circular glabrous areas, one at center and two laterodorsal placed posteriorly. Prosternum with decumbent yellowish setae nearly obscuring integument. Prosternal process about 1/5 procoxal cavity. Meso- and metathorax with dense decumbent yellowish setae nearly obscuring integument. Scutellum slightly rounded posteriorly; surface with decumbent yellowish setae not obscuring integument. Elytra slightly, longitudinally elevated anteriorly; humerus somewhat projected anteriorly; surface coarsely and deeply punctate (punctures sparser and shallower on distal half); apex individually rounded. Pubescence as follow: tree longitudinal bands of whitish pubescence between humerus and scutellum, one starting close to scutellum, surrounding posteriorly tuft of erect dark setae, one small band at middle, connected at with sinuous long band on humerus; posterior half with two oblique whitish erect tuft, one starting about middle near suture, divergent posteriorly, connected to longitudinal band with whitish decumbent setae connecting to another oblique whitish pubescent tuft. Remaining areas of elytra with decumbent yellowish setae not obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed with a few long, erect dark setae. Legs. Femora with moderately abundant decumbent yellowish setae, not obscuring integument; distal half with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed. Tibiae with sparse semi-erect yellowish setae interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae.</p><p>Abdomen with abundant decumbent yellowish setae, nearly obscuring integument, with long, erect yellowish setae interspersed; abdominal ventrites I–IV with subequal length; V trapezoidal, slightly rounded at apex.</p><p>Dimensions (in mm), holotype male. Total length, 4.6; prothorax length, 1.1; greatest width of prothorax, 1.4; anterior width of prothorax, 1.1; posterior width of prothorax, 1.0; humeral width, 1.5; elytral length, 3.1.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from BRAZIL, Bahia: Cavunje (Rancho alto da Boa Vista) 12°15’54,1”S / 38°58’29.4”W), 21.X.2017, Lima, D.M. &amp; Moura, P.G. col. (MZFS).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Norma Giambarresi Ganho (DZUP), for her commitment and efforts in the Taxonline Project.</p><p>Remarks. Desmiphora normae sp. nov. is similar to Desmiphora compacta Breuning, 1942 (Figs 34–37) by the pubescence pattern. The new species differs especially by the area behind the upper eye lobes without tufts of erect black setae; distance between the upper eye lobes is equal to about three rows of ommatidia; pubescence of pronotum not forming a delimited area; bands of whitish decumbent setae placed centrally, forming an inverted Vshaped (anteriorly to scutellum); oblique band of whitish tuft, placed at about middle of elytra, with a longitudinal band connecting to the posterior oblique whitish tuft. In D. (D.) compacta the area behind the upper eye lobes has two tufts of erect black setae, distance between the upper eye lobes is equal to about ten rows of ommatidia, pubescence of pronotum forming an area delimited by whitish oblique bands, posterior margin of the pronotum has no bands of whitish setae forming an inverted V-shaped, and the posterior oblique bands of the elytra are placed at posterior third and are not connected by longitudinal bands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/305287EEFFE2FFA0F3D6FD32FCC4FBEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L. (2018): Synonymies, transferences, redescriptions and new species in Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Zootaxa 4462 (2): 192-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.2.2
