identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6490B6909CBC55C3A67E998A47145E15.text	6490B6909CBC55C3A67E998A47145E15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana honghe Zhang, Li & Yao 2024	<div><p>Belisana honghe Zhang, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 18 A, B, 20 A, B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44949) and paratypes 2 ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44950 –51) 3 ♀ (IZCAS - Ar 44952 –54), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.05334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.637" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.05334/lat 23.637)">Yanzi Cave</a> (23 ° 38.220 ' N, 103 ° 3.200 ' E, 1080 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.05334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.637" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.05334/lat 23.637)">Mawangzhuang</a>, Miandian Town, Jianshui County, Honghe, Yunnan, China, 29 / 03 / 2007, J Liu &amp; Y Lin leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality, which is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles B. cheni Yao, Pham &amp; Li, 2015 (Yao et al. 2015: 5, figs 4 A – D, 5 A – G, 6 A – E) by having similar male chelicerae, bulbal apophyses, and epigyne (Figs 3 A, C, D, 20 A), but can be distinguished by differences in males: procursus with nearly trapezoidal dorso-distal membranous process (arrow 3 in Figs 2 C, 18 A vs half-round) and long (as long as dorso-distal membranous process), distally widened ventro-subdistal membranous process (arrow 4 in Figs 2 C, 18 A vs short and distally pointed); differences in females: pore plates anteriorly pointed and posteriorly wide and blunt (Figs 3 B, 20 B vs narrow).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 1.66 (1.74 with clypeus), carapace 0.63 long, 0.67 wide, opisthosoma 1.03 long, 0.84 wide. Leg I: 19.02 (5.05, 0.26, 5.00, 7.05, 1.66), leg II: 14.38 (3.96, 0.25, 3.80, 5.15, 1.22), leg III missing, leg IV: 10.65 (3.16, 0.23, 2.53, 3.96, 0.77); tibia I L / d: 89. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.13, PME 0.07, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.50 / 0.46. Habitus as in Fig. 3 E, F. Carapace and sternum yellowish, without marks. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 3 D) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.19). Palp as in Fig. 2 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (arrow 2 in Fig. 2 B) and prolateral apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 2 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with sclerotized prolatero-distal apophysis (arrow 1 in Figs 2 C, 18 A), sclerotized distal apophysis (arrow 2 in Figs 2 C, 18 A), dorso-distal membranous process (arrow 3 in Figs 2 C, 18 A), ventro-subdistal membranous process (arrow 4 in Figs 2 C, 18 A), and retrolateral flap (Figs 2 D, 18 B); bulb (Fig. 3 C) with hooked apophysis and simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 9 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 20 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44952): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 3 G, H. Total length 1.50 (1.62 with clypeus), carapace 0.49 long, 0.55 wide, opisthosoma 1.01 long, 0.80 wide; tibia I: 3.60; tibia I L / d: 61. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.14, PME 0.06, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.47 / 0.44. Epigyne (Figs 3 A, 20 A) simple and flat, with a pair of postero-lateral pockets 0.32 apart (arrow ep in Figs 3 B, 20 B, invisible in Figs 3 A, 20 A). Vulva (Figs 3 B, 20 B) with ridge-shaped anterior arch and a pair of anteriorly pointed and posteriorly wide and blunt pore plates.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in one male paratype (IZCAS - Ar 44950) (leg I missing in IZCAS - Ar 44951): 5.64. Tibia I in the other two female paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44953 –54): 4.10, 4.25.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6490B6909CBC55C3A67E998A47145E15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
B6A9BEA53AF25F6DA8B4C5D3C57E57CD.text	B6A9BEA53AF25F6DA8B4C5D3C57E57CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana jiuxiang Zhang, Li & Yao 2024	<div><p>Belisana jiuxiang Zhang, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5, 18 C, D, 20 C, D</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44955) and paratypes 2 ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44956–57) 4 ♀ (IZCAS - Ar 44958–61), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.39948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.134317" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.39948/lat 25.134317)">Sanjiao Cave</a> (25 ° 8.059 ' N, 103 ° 23.969 ' E, 1795 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.39948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.134317" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.39948/lat 25.134317)">Jiuxiang Town</a>, Yiliang County, Kunming, Yunnan, China, 08 / 04 / 2007, J Liu &amp; Y Lin leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality, which is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles B. tianlinensis Zhang &amp; Peng, 2011 (Zhang and Peng 2011: 65, fig. 10 A – G) by having similar male chelicerae and bulbal apophyses (Fig. 5 C, D), but can be distinguished by differences in males: clypeus unmodified (Fig. 5 E vs with front apophysis), procursus with pointed, sclerotized distal apophysis (arrow 1 in Figs 4 C, 18 C vs with dorso-distal spine) and dorso-subdistal membranous process (arrow 2 in Figs 4 C, 18 C vs absent); differences in females: epigyne with median pockets (Figs 5 A, B, 20 C, D vs lateral), pore plates quadrilateral (Figs 5 B, 20 D vs nearly triangular).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 1.64 (1.74 with clypeus), carapace 0.63 long, 0.67 wide, opisthosoma 1.01 long, 0.80 wide. Leg I: 14.84 (3.86, 0.33, 3.80, 5.15, 1.70), leg II: 9.62 (2.64, 0.26, 2.45, 3.17, 1.10), leg III: 6.82 (2.03, 0.19, 1.66, 2.28, 0.66), leg IV: 8.79 (2.56, 0.26, 2.25, 2.94, 0.78); tibia I L / d: 56. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.13, PME 0.07, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.53 / 0.48. Habitus as in Fig. 5 E, F. Carapace and sternum yellowish, without marks. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 5 D) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.16). Palp as in Fig. 4 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide, arrow 1 in Fig. 4 B); femur with tiny retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow 2 in Fig. 4 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with pointed, sclerotized distal apophysis (arrow 1 in Figs 4 C, 18 C), dorso-subdistal membranous process (arrow 2 in Figs 4 C, 18 C), and nearly elliptic retrolateral flap (Figs 4 D, 18 D); bulb (Fig. 5 C) with hooked apophysis and simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 8 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 19 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44958): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 5 G, H. Total length 1.82 (1.92 with clypeus), carapace 0.73 long, 0.80 wide, opisthosoma 1.09 long, 0.83 wide; tibia I: 2.37; tibia I L / d: 36. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.14, PME 0.06, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.61 / 0.60. Epigyne (Figs 5 A, 20 C) simple and flat, anteriorly slightly sclerotized, with a pair of median pockets 0.15 apart. Vulva (Figs 5 B, 20 D) with ridge-shaped anterior arch bearing a pair of angular lateral sclerites (arrow in Figs 5 B, 20 D) and a pair of quadrilateral pore plates.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in two male paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44956 –57): 3.91, 4.36. Tibia I in the other three female paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44959 –61): 2.84, 3.72, 3.78.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6A9BEA53AF25F6DA8B4C5D3C57E57CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
D72D17B6CC225D3CBB6C874820714C8B.text	D72D17B6CC225D3CBB6C874820714C8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana lincang Zhang, Li & Yao 2024	<div><p>Belisana lincang Zhang, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 18 E, F, 20 E, F</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44962) and paratype 1 ♀ (IZCAS - Ar 44963), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.23335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.331034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.23335/lat 24.331034)">Bianfu Cave</a> (24 ° 19.862 ' N, 100 ° 14.001 ' E, 1619 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.23335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.331034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.23335/lat 24.331034)">Yankou Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.23335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.331034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.23335/lat 24.331034)">Laoxu Town</a>, Yun County, Lincang, Yunnan, China, 05 / 08 / 2010, C Wang, Q Zhao &amp; L Lin leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality, which is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles B. phungae Yao, Pham &amp; Li, 2015 (Yao et al. 2015: 9, figs 19 A – D, 20 A – G, 21 A – E) by having similar male chelicerae, bulbal apophyses, and epigyne (Figs 7 A, C, D, 20 E), but can be distinguished by differences in males: procursus with dorso-distal membranous lamella (arrow 3 in Figs 6 C, 18 E vs absent), distally pointed ventro-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow 4 in Figs 6 C, 18 E vs nearly half-round) and without dorso-subdistal sclerite (Figs 6 C, 18 E vs present); differences in females: epigynal pockets closer to each other (Figs 7 A, B, 20 E, F vs widely separated), pore plates curved and narrow (Figs 7 B, 20 F vs nearly round).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 1.78 (1.90 with clypeus), carapace 0.85 long, 0.88 wide, opisthosoma 0.93 long, 0.85 wide. Leg I missing, leg II: 6.69 (1.78, 0.31, 1.62, 2.18, 0.80), leg III: 5.18 (1.42, 0.26, 1.19, 1.68, 0.63), leg IV: 6.70 (1.90, 0.28, 1.70, 2.13, 0.69). Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.08, PME 0.09, PME – ALE 0.03, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.61 / 0.56. Habitus as in Fig. 7 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with brown median band; sternum yellowish. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 7 D) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.15). Palp as in Fig. 6 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (2 × longer than wide, arrow 1 in Fig. 6 B); femur with tiny retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow 2 in Fig. 6 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with prolatero-distal membranous process (arrow 1 in Figs 6 C, 18 E) bearing narrow lateral sclerite, sclerotized prolatero-distal apophysis (arrow 2 in Figs 6 C, 18 E), dorso-distal membranous lamella (arrow 3 in Figs 6 C, 18 E), and ventro-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow 4 in Figs 6 C, 18 E); bulb (Fig. 7 C) with distally angular apophysis and simple embolus.</p><p>Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44963): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 7 G, H. Total length 2.48 (2.62 with clypeus), carapace 0.86 long, 0.86 wide, opisthosoma 1.62 long, 1.31 wide. Leg I: 9.08 (2.33, 0.33, 2.30, 2.97, 1.15); tibia I L / d: 26. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.09, PME 0.08, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum approximately as wide as long (0.60). Epigyne (Figs 7 A, 20 E) simple and flat, with dark internal shade and a pair of postero-median pockets 0.05 apart. Vulva (Figs 7 B, 20 F) with sac-like structure (arrow in Figs 7 B, 20 F), sclerotized anterior arch, and a pair of curved, long elliptic pore plates (5 × longer than wide). Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 9 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 20 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D72D17B6CC225D3CBB6C874820714C8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
07669D20542E5102A1E8096AD1457AE7.text	07669D20542E5102A1E8096AD1457AE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana luxi Zhang, Li & Yao 2024	<div><p>Belisana luxi Zhang, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8, 9, 18 G, H, 20 G, H</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44964) and paratypes 1 ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44965) 3 ♀ (IZCAS - Ar 44966–68), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.51572&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.33285" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.51572/lat 24.33285)">Xianfo Cave</a> (24 ° 19.971 ' N, 98 ° 30.943 ' E, 1081 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.51572&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.33285" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.51572/lat 24.33285)">Mangliu Village</a>, Luxi, Dehong, Yunnan, China, 03 / 08 / 2010, C Wang, Q Zhao &amp; L Lin leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality, which is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles B. lincang sp. nov. (Figs 6, 7, 18 E, F, 20 E, F) by having similar epigyne and pore plates (Figs 9 A, B, 20 G, H), but can be distinguished by differences in males: cheliceral distal apophyses pointing downwards (Fig. 9 D vs inwards), procursus without dorso-distal membranous lamella (Figs 8 C, 18 G vs present) and with angular ventro-subdistal membranous process (arrow 3 in Figs 8 C, 18 G vs distally pointed), bulbal apophysis distally blunt (Fig. 9 C vs distally angular); differences in females: epigynal pockets widely separated (Figs 9 A, B, 20 G, H vs closer to each other), vulva without sac-like structure (Figs 9 B, 20 H vs present), sclerotized part of anterior arch strongly curved (Figs 9 B, 20 H vs straight).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 2.25 (2.40 with clypeus), carapace 0.83 long, 0.84 wide, opisthosoma 1.42 long, 1.08 wide. Leg I: 15.92 (4.30, 0.33, 4.20, 5.75, 1.34), leg II: 9.31 (2.48, 0.31, 2.35, 3.40, 0.77), leg III: 6.39 (1.64, 0.29, 1.56, 2.25, 0.65), leg IV: 9.07 (2.56, 0.31, 2.35, 3.09, 0.76); tibia I L / d: 53. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.11, PME 0.10, PME – ALE 0.04, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.65 / 0.63. Habitus as in Fig. 9 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with brown median band; sternum yellowish. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 9 D) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.41). Palp as in Fig. 8 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide, arrow in Fig. 8 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with prolatero-distal membranous process (arrow 1 in Figs 8 C, 18 G) bearing narrow lateral sclerite, sclerotized dorso-subdistal apophysis (arrow 2 in Figs 8 C, 18 G), and angular ventro-subdistal membranous process (arrow 3 in Figs 8 C, 18 G); bulb (Fig. 9 C) with distally blunt apophysis and simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 14 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 20 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44966): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 9 G, H. Total length 2.51 (2.65 with clypeus), carapace 0.89 long, 0.89 wide, opisthosoma 1.62 long, 1.36 wide; tibia I: 2.37; tibia I L / d: 30. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.09, PME 0.08, PME – ALE 0.03, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.61 / 0.56. Epigyne (Figs 9 A, 20 G) simple and flat, with a pair of postero-lateral pockets 0.38 apart. Vulva (Figs 9 B, 20 H) with ridge-shaped, posteriorly sclerotized anterior arch and a pair of curved, long elliptic pore plates (6 × longer than wide).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in one male paratype (IZCAS - Ar 44965): 3.46. Tibia I in the other two female paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44967 –68): 1.78, 2.82.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found in the twilight zone (entrance ecotone) of the cave.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07669D20542E5102A1E8096AD1457AE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
715AB4B4D68E591BBC30B7284CB2823C.text	715AB4B4D68E591BBC30B7284CB2823C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana tengchong Zhang, Li & Yao 2024	<div><p>Belisana tengchong Zhang, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 10, 11, 18 I, J, 21 A, B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44969) and paratypes 2 ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44970–71) 3 ♀ (IZCAS - Ar 44972–74), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.538284&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.340784" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.538284/lat 25.340784)">Kongming Cave</a> (25 ° 20.447 ' N, 98 ° 32.297 ' E, 1802 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.538284&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.340784" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.538284/lat 25.340784)">Jiangdong Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.538284&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.340784" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.538284/lat 25.340784)">Gudong Town</a>, Tengchong County, Baoshan, Yunnan, China, 18 / 08 / 2010, C Wang, Q Zhao &amp; L Lin leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality, which is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles B. pianma Huber, 2005 (Huber 2005: 14, figs 5, 6, 56, 88–92, 112–130) by having similar bulbal apophyses and epigyne (Figs 11 A, C, 21 A), but can be distinguished by differences in males: clypeus unmodified (Fig. 11 E vs with a pair of front apophyses), cheliceral distal apophyses on median part of chelicerae (Fig. 11 D vs distal part), procursus without distal spine and dorso-distal sclerite (Figs 10 C, 18 I vs present), and with angular distal membranous process (arrow 2 in Figs 10 C, 18 I vs absent); differences in females: pore plates wide and curved (2 × longer than wide, Figs 11 B, 21 B vs narrow, 6 × longer than wide).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 1.95 (2.08 with clypeus), carapace 0.71 long, 0.85 wide, opisthosoma 1.24 long, 0.93 wide. Leg I: 18.34 (4.75, 0.32, 4.90, 6.67, 1.70), leg II: 12.82 (3.56, 0.26, 3.40, 4.55, 1.05), legs III and IV missing; tibia I L / d: 65. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.14, PME 0.10, PME – ALE 0.03, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.56 / 0.50. Habitus as in Fig. 11 E, F. Carapace and sternum yellowish, without marks. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 11 D) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.28). Palp as in Fig. 10 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide, arrow 1 in Fig. 10 B); femur with tiny retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow 2 in Fig. 10 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with curved, sclerotized prolatero-distal apophysis (arrow 1 in Figs 10 C, 18 I), angular distal membranous process (arrow 2 in Figs 10 C, 18 I), and narrow, curved retrolatero-subdistal membranous process (arrow in Figs 10 D, 18 J); bulb (Fig. 11 C) with hooked apophysis and simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I on 17 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 17 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44972): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 11 G, H. Total length 2.14 (2.26 with clypeus), carapace 0.66 long, 0.76 wide, opisthosoma 1.48 long, 1.34 wide; tibia I: 3.36; tibia I L / d: 47. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.10, PME 0.10, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.54 / 0.50. Epigyne (Figs 11 A, 21 A) simple and flat, marginally slightly sclerotized, with a pair of lateral pockets 0.30 apart. Vulva (Figs 11 B, 21 B) with curved anterior arch and a pair of wide, curved pore plates (2 × longer than wide) bearing indistinct teeth.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in two male paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44970 –71): 5.45, 5.83. Tibia I in the other two female paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44973 –74): 3.45, 4.05.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/715AB4B4D68E591BBC30B7284CB2823C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
69B3289CE6875284801427A6F1B1D5BC.text	69B3289CE6875284801427A6F1B1D5BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana Thorell 1898	<div><p>Genus Belisana Thorell, 1898</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Belisana tauricornis Thorell, 1898 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>A total of eight new species from Yunnan were recognized. Of these, B. honghe sp. nov., B. jiuxiang sp. nov., B. tongi sp. nov., and B. yongsheng sp. nov. are from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau; B. lincang sp. nov., B. luxi sp. nov., B. tengchong sp. nov., and B. yunnan sp. nov. are from the Hengduan Mountains (Fig. 1). A list of all Belisana species from Yunnan is provided in Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/69B3289CE6875284801427A6F1B1D5BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
D224695AE8155E5B9BFE465CFDB7BD4C.text	D224695AE8155E5B9BFE465CFDB7BD4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana tongi Zhang, Li & Yao 2024	<div><p>Belisana tongi Zhang, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12, 13, 18 K, L, 21 C, D</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44975) and paratype s 4 ♀ (IZCAS - Ar 44976–79), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.2339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.88765" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.2339/lat 26.88765)">Heilongtan Park</a> (26 ° 53.259 ' N, 100 ° 14.034 ' E, 2155 m), Lijiang, Yunnan, China, 15 / 07 / 2021, Y Tong &amp; D Bian leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a patronym in honour of the collector Yanfeng Tong, which is a noun (name) in the genitive case.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles B. yangi Zhang &amp; Peng, 2011 (Zhang and Peng 2011: 65, fig. 11 A – H) by having similar male chelicerae, bulbal apophyses, and epigyne (Figs 13 A, C, D, 21 C), but can be distinguished by differences in males: procursus with distal membranous process (arrow 2 in Figs 12 C, 18 K vs absent) and dorso-distal spine (arrow 3 in Figs 12 C, 18 K vs absent); differences in females: epigyne with posterior pockets (Figs 13 A, B, 21 C, D vs anterior), vulva with four distinct median teeth (arrows in Figs 13 B, 21 D vs absent), pore plates nearly triangular (Figs 13 B, 21 D vs elliptic).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 1.96 (2.08 with clypeus), carapace 0.71 long, 0.75 wide, opisthosoma 1.25 long, 0.80 wide. Leg I: 12.57 (3.30, 0.32, 3.22, 4.50, 1.23), leg II: 8.49 (2.35, 0.28, 2.03, 2.88, 0.95), leg III missing, leg IV: 7.38 (2.15, 0.26, 1.84, 2.43, 0.70); tibia I L / d: 45. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.12, PME 0.08, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.51 / 0.48. Habitus as in Fig. 13 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with a pair of curved median bands; sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dorsal and lateral black spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 13 D) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of long, curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.49). Palp as in Fig. 12 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide; arrow in Fig. 12 A) and small retrolateral apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 12 B); femur with distinct ventral protrusion (arrow 2 in Fig. 12 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with narrow sclerite and teeth on prolatero-subdistal part (arrow 1 in Figs 12 C, 18 K), distal membranous process (arrow 2 in Figs 12 C, 18 K), and dorso-distal spine (arrow 3 in Figs 12 C, 18 K); bulb (Fig. 13 C) with hooked apophysis and simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 7 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 16 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44976): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 13 G, H. Total length 2.13 (2.21 with clypeus), carapace 0.68 long, 0.70 wide, opisthosoma 1.45 long, 1.00 wide; tibia I: 2.91; tibia I L / d: 36. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.11, PME 0.07, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.55 / 0.53. Epigyne (Figs 13 A, 21 C) simple and flat, anteriorly slightly sclerotized, with dark internal shade and a pair of postero-lateral pockets 0.46 apart. Vulva (Figs 13 B, 21 D) with ridge-shaped anterior arch, a pair of nearly triangular pore plates bearing distinct teeth, and four distinct median teeth (arrows in Figs 13 B, 21 D).</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in the other three female paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44977 –79): 2.25, 2.47, 2.55.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found in the leaf litter.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D224695AE8155E5B9BFE465CFDB7BD4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
90ACB0CEFE40536EB1A6F097C2532A52.text	90ACB0CEFE40536EB1A6F097C2532A52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana yongsheng Zhang, Li & Yao 2024	<div><p>Belisana yongsheng Zhang, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 14, 15, 19 A, B</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44980), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.10803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.452116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.10803/lat 26.452116)">Yinhe Cave</a> (26 ° 27.127 ' N, 101 ° 6.482 ' E, 2012 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.10803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.452116" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.10803/lat 26.452116)">Renhe Town</a>, Yongsheng County, Lijiang, Yunnan, China, 03 / 08 / 2010, C Wang, Q Zhao &amp; L Lin leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality, which is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles B. halongensis Yao, Pham &amp; Li, 2015 (Yao et al. 2015: 8, figs 16 A – D, 17 A – D, 18 A – D) by having similar male chelicerae and bulbal apophyses (Fig. 15 A, B), but can be distinguished by differences in males: procursus with two sclerotized distal apophyses (arrows in Figs 14 C, 19 A vs one prolatero-ventral sclerite), retrolateral flap (Figs 14 D, 19 B vs absent) and without prolatero-distal membranous lamella (Figs 14 C, 19 A vs present).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 1.74 (1.79 with clypeus), carapace 0.58 long, 0.65 wide, opisthosoma 1.16 long, 0.80 wide. Leg I: 11.43 (3.10, 0.26, 3.03, 3.76, 1.28), leg II: 7.94 (2.25, 0.24, 1.98, 2.55, 0.92), leg III: 5.65 (1.60, 0.21, 1.38, 1.82, 0.64), leg IV: 7.29 (2.09, 0.23, 1.80, 2.48, 0.69); tibia I L / d: 47. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.12, PME 0.07, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.51 / 0.46. Habitus as in Fig. 15 C – E. Carapace yellowish, with brownish radiating marks; sternum yellowish. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 15 B) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.19). Palp as in Fig. 14 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide, arrow 1 in Fig. 14 B) and retrolatero-ventral apophysis (arrow 2 in Fig. 14 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with two sclerotized distal apophyses (arrows in Figs 14 C, 19 A) and nearly D-shaped retrolateral flap (Figs 14 D, 19 B); bulb (Fig. 15 A) with hooked apophysis and simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 11 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 20 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90ACB0CEFE40536EB1A6F097C2532A52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
1BB74B62D9525B7A88A89E7FCBC129FE.text	1BB74B62D9525B7A88A89E7FCBC129FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belisana yunnan Zhang, Li & Yao 2024	<div><p>Belisana yunnan Zhang, Li &amp; Yao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 16, 17, 19 C, D, 21 E, F</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44981) and paratype s 2 ♂ (IZCAS - Ar 44982–83) 3 ♀ (IZCAS - Ar 44984–86), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.42605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.23215" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.42605/lat 24.23215)">Xianren Cave</a> (24 ° 13.929 ' N, 98 ° 25.563 ' E, 1636 m), Luxi, Dehong, Yunnan, China, 24 / 08 / 2010, C Wang, Q Zhao &amp; L Lin leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the type locality, which is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species resembles B. yuhaoi Yang &amp; Yao, 2023 (Yang et al. 2023: 178, figs 2 A, B, 3 A – D, 4 A – H) by having similar bulbal apophyses and epigyne (Figs 17 A, C, 21 E), but can be distinguished by differences in males: tips of cheliceral distal apophyses closer to each other (Fig. 17 D vs widely separated), procursus without sclerotized dorso-subdistal apophysis (Figs 16 C, 19 C vs present) and with nearly half-round retrolateral flap (Figs 16 D, 19 D vs angular); differences in females: epigynal pockets closer to each other (Figs 17 A, B, 21 E, F vs widely separated), pore plates nearly isosceles triangle-shaped (Figs 17 B, 21 F vs scalene triangle-shaped).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 1.90 (1.98 with clypeus), carapace 0.79 long, 0.71 wide, opisthosoma 1.11 long, 0.87 wide. Leg I: 18.71 (4.85, 0.56, 4.75, 7.05, 1.50), leg III: 9.35 (2.66, 0.30, 2.25, 3.25, 0.89), legs II and IV missing; tibia I L / d: 59. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.11, PME 0.08, PME – ALE 0.03, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.63 / 0.60. Habitus as in Fig. 17 E, F. Carapace yellowish, with brown radiating marks; sternum yellowish. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae (Fig. 17 D) with a pair of proximo-lateral apophyses and a pair of curved distal apophyses (distance between tips: 0.19). Palp as in Fig. 16 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (as long as wide, arrow 1 in Fig. 16 B); femur with tiny retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow 2 in Fig. 16 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with prolatero-ventral membranous lamella (arrow 1 in Figs 16 C, 19 C) bearing median sclerotized part, distal membranous lamella (arrow 2 in Figs 16 C, 19 C) bearing median sclerotized part, distal spine (arrow 3 in Figs 16 C, 19 C), and nearly half-round retrolateral flap (Figs 16 D, 19 D); bulb (Fig. 17 C) with hooked apophysis and simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 14 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 21 distinct pseudosegments.</p><p>Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44984): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 17 G, H. Total length 2.14 (2.20 with clypeus), carapace 0.78 long, 0.77 wide, opisthosoma 1.36 long, 1.00 wide; tibia I: 3.88; tibia I L / d: 52. Eye inter-distances and diameters: PME – PME 0.13, PME 0.07, PME – ALE 0.02. Sternum width / length: 0.62 / 0.56. Epigyne (Figs 17 A, 21 E) simple and flat, anteriorly slightly sclerotized, with a pair of postero-median pockets 0.12 apart. Vulva (Figs 17 B, 21 F) with ridge-shaped anterior arch and a pair of nearly triangular pore plates.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Tibia I in two male paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44982 –83): 5.38, 6.73. Tibia I in the other two female paratypes (IZCAS - Ar 44985 –86): 3.72, 3.85.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was found in the dark zone inside the cave.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, type locality; Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1BB74B62D9525B7A88A89E7FCBC129FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Ludan;Wu, Zheng;Li, Shuqiang;Yao, Zhiyuan	Zhang, Ludan, Wu, Zheng, Li, Shuqiang, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Eight new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae), with an updated overview of Belisana species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1202: 255-286, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1202.121633
