identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
489595A0AC155EDEA48DD93E35A5118C.text	489595A0AC155EDEA48DD93E35A5118C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calotheca danielssoni D’Alessandro & Iannella & Grobbelaar & Biondi 2021	<div><p>Calotheca danielssoni sp. nov. Figs 1A-E, 6</p><p>Calotheca parvula (Weise): Biondi et al. 2017: 124 (pars)</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂: South Africa [RSA], Northern Cape, Vanrhyns[dorp] Pass [near Nieuwoudtville, 31°22'40"S, 19°01'04"E], W slope (R27), 660-760 m, fynbos, on Rhus sp., 16.ix.1994, P. Audisio, M. Biondi &amp; M.A. Bologna leg. (SANC). Paratypes: Republic of South Africa: Cape Prov. [WCape] Koomplanskloof [sic!], 10 km S Citrusdal, 200-270 m, 32°40'S, 19°01'E, 04-08.x.1994, R. Danielsson leg., 1♂ (MZLU); C.P. [WCape], Gifberg Pass, 250-560 m, 31°45'S, 18°47'E, 17.ix.1986, R.[G.] Oberprieler leg., 1♂, 1♀ (SANC); C.P. [WCape], Clanwilliam District, Bidouw Valley, 32°08'S, 19°14'E, 7.ix.1987, C.D. Eardley leg. 1♂ (BAQ); WCape, Cederberg Wilderness Area, Bosherberge, 650 m, -32.3987, 19.0907 [32°23'55"S, 19°05'26"E], lamp &amp; night collection, 6.xii.2012, M. Wanat leg., 1♀ (UWCP); WCape, neigh. Piekenaarskloof Pass, 475 m (wet fynbos), 32°37.050'S, 18°57.458'E [32°37'04"S, 18°57'12"E], on Rhus sp., 13.ix.2006, M. Biondi &amp; A. De Biase leg., 1♀ (BAQ); WCape, Groenkol Farm near Graafwater, 32°06'S, 18°42'E, 450 m, 15.iv.1997, R. Oberprieler &amp; R. Stals leg., 1♀ (SANC).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Calotheca danielssoni sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species in the group by the elytral punctures, which are larger and more deeply impressed than those of the pronotal striae (Fig. 1A, D) (elytral punctures as large as, or smaller than, those of the pronotal striae in the other species). Males are similar to C. parvula regarding their small size and the generally darker colour, but are easily distinguishable by the basal pro- and mesotarsomere which are distinctly enlarged (only moderately enlarged in C. parvula) (Figs 1A, 4A), and the very different shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus (Figs 1B, C, 4C); females are clearly larger than in C. parvula . Based on the aedeagus, C. danielssoni sp. nov. shows major similarities with C. pallida, C. oberprieleri sp. nov. and C. prinslooi sp. nov. (Figs 1B, C, 2C, 3C, 5C), this is due to: the narrow medial sulcus in the apical third; the apex bearing small ventrolateral bulges (more prominent laterally in some specimens); the paired ventral carinae delimiting a wide ventral sulcus (present in C. pallida and C. prinslooi sp. nov.); and the dorsal ligula formed by two basal and two apical distal lobes. The aedeagus of C. danielssoni sp. nov. is, however, easily distinguishable by the apical part, which is distinctly wider than the remaining length, and the dorsal ligula, with shorter and clearly truncate basal lobes and more elongate distal lobes (Fig. 1B, C).</p><p>Description of the holotype</p><p>(♂). Body elongate-elliptical in dorsal view (cf. Fig. 1A), moderately convex in lateral view; total body length (LB) = 4.70 mm; maximum pronotal width at base (WP = 2.08 mm); and maximum elytral width in basal third (WE = 2.50 mm). Head, femora and tibiae pale brown; frons, labrum, antennae, and tarsi paler brown; pronotum yellow, punctate lateral striae and basal furrows slightly darkened; elytra yellow with wide darkened punctures, small irregular reddish patches on the last interstria, and very sparse reddish patches on the disc. Head (cf. Fig. 1D) with surface rough, and micropunctate; several deeply impressed setiferous punctures between medial ocular margin and frontal grooves, and near the dorsal section of frontal grooves; frontal grooves deeply impressed, more so anteriorly, sinuate, extending from dorsal ocular margin to interantennal space; interantennal space about 1.5 times the length of the first antennomere; eyes elongate-ovate; dorsal interocular space slightly narrower than 1.5 times the transversal width of the eye; antennae slightly shorter than half the body length (LAN = 2.08 mm; LAN/LB = 0.44; LA: 100:40:53:60:67:67:67:67:67:60:87). Pronotum (cf. Fig. 1D) barely convex, sub-trapezoidal, distinctly transverse (LP = 1.00 mm; WP/LP = 2.08), with distinctly rounded sides; surface smooth, sparsely micropunctate, with additional small, rather dense but evenly distributed punctation; lateral pronotal striae C-shaped, with large deeply impressed punctures; basal furrows of pronotum deeply impressed; basal and apical margins with distinct borders, but not raised; lateral margins only slightly expanded, but visible in dorsal view; anterior angles prominent and pointed; posterior angles slightly obtuse. Scutellum sub-triangular, rounded apically. Elytra (cf. Fig. 1A, D) moderately elongate and convex (LE = 3.50 mm; WE/LE = 0.71; LE/LP = 3.50), slightly sinuate laterally, jointly rounded apically; lateral margin narrow, barely visible in dorsal view; elytral punctation arranged in single regular rows formed by deeply impressed punctures; interstriae with finely microreticulate and micropunctate surface; last interstria carinate; humeral calli barely raised. Macropterous. Legs with basal pro- and mesotarsomeres distinctly enlarged (cf. Fig. 1A). Tarsal claws simple. Underside brown; apical abdominal ventrite without preapical sculpture or impressions. Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 1C) (LAED = 1.83 mm; LE/LAED = 1.92) with apical third distinctly wider than base in ventral view; apex subtriangular, widely obtuse, protruding laterally, with a rounded median tooth; ventral surface with two parallel carinae delimiting a rather wide sulcus which becomes shallower distally, and a narrow distal sulcus in the apical third; ventrolateral surface wrinkled medially; dorsal ligula short, formed by two basal lobes which are sub-rectangular and truncate apically, and two apical lobes which are subtriangular becoming wider distally; in lateral view, median lobe distinctly bent down to the apex.</p><p>Variability.</p><p>Males (n = 4; mean ± standard deviation, range): LE = 3.45 ± 0.27 mm (3.05 ≤ LE ≤ 3.65 mm); WE = 2.44 ± 0.13 mm (2.25 ≤ WE ≤ 2.55 mm); LP = 1.04 ± 0.05 mm (1.00 ≤ LP ≤ 1.10 mm); WP = 2.03 ± 0.11 mm (1.88 ≤ WP ≤ 2.13 mm); LAN = 2.18 ± 0.18 mm (2.00 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.40 mm); LAED = 1.82 ± 0.12 mm (1.75 ≤ LAED ≤ 1.85 mm); LB = 4.60 ± 0.38 mm (4.05 ≤ LB ≤ 4.90 mm); LE/LP = 3.32 ± 0.21 (3.05 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.50); WE/WP = 1.20 ± 0.01 (1.19 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.20); WP/LP = 1.96 ± 0.08 (1.88 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.08); WE/LE = 0.71 ± 0.03 (0.67 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.74); LAN/LB = 0.47 ± 0.02 (0.44 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.49); LE/LAED = 1.89 ± 0.10 (1.74 ≤ LE/LAED ≤ 1.97). Females (n = 4; mean ± standard deviation; range): LE = 4.48 ± 0.29 mm (4.25 ≤ LE ≤ 4.90 mm); WE = 3.21 ± 0.20 mm (3.05 ≤ WE ≤ 3.45 mm); LP = 1.19 ± 0.03 mm (1.15 ≤ LP ≤ 1.20 mm); WP = 2.52 ± 0.12 mm (2.43 ≤ WP ≤ 2.70 mm); LAN = 2.34 ± 0.09 mm (2.25 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.43 mm); LSP = 0.74 ± 0.01 mm (0.73 ≤ LSP ≤ 0.75 mm); LB = 5.86 ± 0.26 mm (5.60 ≤ LB ≤ 6.20 mm); LE/LP = 3.77 ± 0.21 (3.63 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 4.08); WE/WP = 1.28 ± 0.06 (1.22 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.36); WP/LP = 2.12 ± 0.09 (2.04 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.25); WE/LE = 0.72 ± 0.04 (0.69 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.78); LAN/LB = 0.39 ± 0.01 (0.38 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.41); LE/LSP = 6.02 ± 0.35 (5.80 ≤ LE/LSP ≤ 6.53). Paratypes similar in shape, sculpture and colour to the holotype, but the darkened elytral patches are slightly variable. In one specimen the median lobe of aedeagus with apical third less expanded, the apex bearing small ventrolateral bulges rather than protruding laterally (Fig. 1B). Female with basal pro- and mesotarsomeres less enlarged than in male. Spermatheca (Fig. 1E) subcylindrical and generally straight basally, moderately slender to thickset; distal part clearly curved, slightly narrower apically, with a very short appendix; distal part shorter than half the length of the basal part; ductus basally inserted, moderately elongate, with either a narrow coil or a hint of a coil.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case after Roy Danielsson (Sweden, Lund), one of its collectors.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Republic of South Africa (NCape, WCape) (Fig. 6). Chorotype: Southern-Western Afrotropical (SWA).</p><p>Ecological notes.</p><p>Collected in fynbos and wet fynbos vegetation, between 200-760 m a.s.l., on Searsia sp. [= Rhus pars, cf. Moffett (2007)] ( Anacardiaceae). Adults active in April, September, October, December.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/489595A0AC155EDEA48DD93E35A5118C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	D'Alessandro, Paola;Iannella, Mattia;Grobbelaar, Elizabeth;Biondi, Maurizio	D'Alessandro, Paola, Iannella, Mattia, Grobbelaar, Elizabeth, Biondi, Maurizio (2021): Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). African Invertebrates 62 (1): 315-337, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426
569369EEC3735C89A603D3B9377761C6.text	569369EEC3735C89A603D3B9377761C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calotheca oberprieleri D’Alessandro & Iannella & Grobbelaar & Biondi 2021	<div><p>Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. Figs 2A-D, 6</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂: South Africa [RSA], CP [ECape], Suurberg Nature Reserve, 900 m, 33°16'S, 25°45'E, 28.xi.1988, R.[G.] Oberprieler leg. (SANC). Paratypes: Republic of South Africa: Eastern Cape, between Grahamstown and Southwell [Southwell 33°24'58"S, 26°36'24"E], 500 m, 13.xi.2006, G. Osella leg., 1♂ (BAQ); Eastern Cape, W Bisho, km 35 da Peddie s.s.n. 2, 280 m, 33°16'69"S, 26°48'95"E [33°14'24"S, 26°45'22"E], 14.xi.2006, G. Osella leg., 1♂ (BAQ); CP [ECape], Umtiza, East London Coast Reserves, East London, 33°02'S, 27°49'E, 25.xi.1988, B.[=E.] Grobbelaar leg., 1♂ and 1♀ (SANC).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. is very similar in shape, size, sculpture and colour to C. pallida and C. prinslooi sp. nov., from which it can be generally distinguished by: surface of median lobe of aedeagus flat ventrally (carinae delimiting a deep sulcus are evident in C. pallida and C. prinslooi sp. nov.) (Figs 2C, 3C, 5C); median lobe sinuate, narrowing in the apical third, wider basally than apically (sinuate and narrowing medially, and as wide basally as apically in C. pallida; and greatest width medially, wider basally than apically and tapering towards the apex in C. prinslooi sp. nov.) (Figs 2C, 3C, 5C); spermatheca only known for one specimen, subreniform and thickset basally (broadly subcylindrical and more slender in C. pallida and C. prinslooi sp. nov.) (Figs 2D, 3D, 5D); pronotal margins which are more rounded laterally (less rounded or more distinctly curved at apical third respectively in C. pallida and C. prinslooi sp. nov.) (Figs 2B, 3B, 5B).</p><p>Description of the holotype</p><p>(♂). Body elongate-elliptical in dorsal view (Fig. 2A), moderately convex in lateral view; total length of body (LB) = 5.00 mm; maximum pronotal width near base (WP = 2.18 mm); maximum width of elytra in basal third (WE = 2.78 mm). Head, femora, and legs pale brown; pronotum yellow, punctate lateral striae and basal furrows distinctly darkened; elytra yellow, with darkened punctures, and small irregular very sparse shaded reddish patches. Head (cf. Fig. 2B) with surface microreticulate and micropunctate; several setiferous punctures between medial ocular margin and frontal grooves, and near the dorsal part of frontal grooves; frontal grooves deeply impressed, more so anteriorly, sinuate, extending from dorsal ocular margin to interantennal space; interantennal space about 1.5 times the length of the first antennomere; eyes elongate-ovate; dorsal interocular space slightly wider than 1.5 times the transversal width of the eye; antennae slightly shorter than half the body length (LAN = 2.33 mm; LAN/LB = 0.47; LA: 100:50:75:64:79:79:79:79:79:71:100). Pronotum (cf. Fig. 2B) slightly convex, sub-trapezoidal, distinctly transverse (LP = 1.18 mm; WP/LP = 1.85), with clearly rounded sides; surface microreticulate and micropunctate, with additional small, rather dense, evenly distributed punctation; lateral pronotal striae C-shaped, with large, deeply impressed punctures; basal furrows of pronotum deeply impressed; basal and apical margins distinctly bordered, but not raised; lateral margins barely expanded, but visible in dorsal view; anterior angles prominent and pointed; posterior angles widely obtuse. Scutellum sub-triangular, rounded apically. Elytra (Fig. 2A, cf. 2B) moderately elongate and convex (LE = 3.83 mm; WE/LE = 0.73; LE/LP = 3.26), slightly sinuate laterally, jointly rounded apically; lateral margin narrow, barely visible in dorsal view; elytral punctation arranged in single regular rows, punctures deeply impressed; interstriae with finely microreticulate and micropunctate surface; last interstria carinate; humeral calli barely raised. Macropterous. Legs with basal pro- and mesotarsomeres distinctly enlarged, sub-triangular (Fig. 2A). Tarsal claws simple. Underside pale brown; apical abdominal ventrite without preapical sculpture or impressions. Median lobe of aedeagus (cf. Fig. 2C) (LAED = 2.08 mm; LE/LAED = 1.84) distinctly sinuate laterally in ventral view; slightly narrower distally than basally; apex subrounded, with small ventrolateral bulges; ventral surface flat, with a narrow medial furrow in distal third; ventrolateral surface widely wrinkled; dorsal ligula short, formed by two elongate basal lobes and two shorter apical lobes; in lateral view, median lobe distinctly bent down to the apex.</p><p>Variability.</p><p>Males (n = 4; mean ± standard deviation, range): LE = 3.99 ± 0.17 mm (3.83 ≤ LE ≤ 4.12 mm); WE = 2.88 ± 0.12 mm (2.78 ≤ WE ≤ 3.05 mm); LP = 1.21 ± 0.04 mm (1.18 ≤ LP ≤ 1.28 mm); WP = 2.30 ± 0.12 mm (2.18 ≤ WP ≤ 2.45 mm); LAN = 2.37 ± 0.11 mm (2.25 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.50 mm); LAED = 2.10 ± 0.12 mm (2.00 ≤ LAED ≤ 2.28 mm); LB = 5.12 ± 0.12 mm (5.00 ≤ LB ≤ 5.28 mm); LE/LP = 3.29 ± 0.06 (3.25 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.38); WE/WP = 1.25 ± 0.02 (1.24 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.28); WP/LP = 1.90 ± 0.04 (1.85 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 1.94); WE/LE = 0.72 ± 0.01 (0.72 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.73); LAN/LB = 0.46 ± 0.02 (0.44 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.48); LE/LAED = 1.90 ± 0.08 (1.84 ≤ LE/LAED ≤ 2.03). Females (n = 1): LE = 4.50 mm; WE = 3.38 mm; LP = 1.28 mm; WP = 2.65 mm; LAN = 2.35; LSP = 0.80 mm; LB = 5.75 mm; LE/LP = 3.53; WE/WP = 1.27; WP/LP = 2.08; WE/LE = 0.75; LAN/LB = 0.41; LE/LSP = 5.63. Paratypes very similar in shape, sculpture and colour to the holotype. Female with basal pro- and mesotarsomeres less enlarged than in male. Spermatheca (Fig. 2D) with basal part subreniform, thickset; distal part softly bent, slightly narrower apically, with a very short appendix; distal part clearly shorter than half the length of the basal part; ductus basally inserted, moderately elongate, and with a hint of a coil.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case after Rolf G. Oberprieler (Australia, Canberra), one of its collectors.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Republic of South Africa (ECape) (Fig. 6). Chorotype: Southern-Western Afrotropical (SWA).</p><p>Ecological notes.</p><p>Habitat and host plants unknown. Collected between 280-900 m a.s.l. Adults active in November.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/569369EEC3735C89A603D3B9377761C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	D'Alessandro, Paola;Iannella, Mattia;Grobbelaar, Elizabeth;Biondi, Maurizio	D'Alessandro, Paola, Iannella, Mattia, Grobbelaar, Elizabeth, Biondi, Maurizio (2021): Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). African Invertebrates 62 (1): 315-337, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426
B2AFEBD27EA45ACCAFEABA1120DD903B.text	B2AFEBD27EA45ACCAFEABA1120DD903B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calotheca pallida (Bryant 1945)	<div><p>Calotheca pallida (Bryant, 1945) Figs 3A-D, 6</p><p>Blepharidella pallida Bryant, 1945: 340</p><p>Calotheca pallida (Bryant): Biondi et al. 2017: 123 (pars)</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Lectotype ♀: Mossel Bay [34°07'11"S, 22°04'02"E]/S.W. Africa [RSA: WCape], R.E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1928-119 (M. Biondi des. 2017) (NHMUK). Paralectotypes: Same data as lectotype, 1♀ (NHMUK); ditto, Brit. Mus. 1921-210, April 1921, 1♂ (NHMUK).</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Republic of South Africa: Cape Pr. [WCape], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.433332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.433332/lat -34.366665)">Mossel Bay</a>, 34°08'S, 22°10'E, 15.i.1986, J.M. Carpenter leg., 3 specimens (MCZC); ditto, xii.1934. R.E. Turner leg., B.M. 1935-73, 1 specimen (NHMUK); CP [WCape], Stilbaai Nature Res.[erve], 34°22'S, 21°26'E, 02.xii.1988, B.[=E.] Grobbelaar leg., 3 specimens (SANC) .</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Head, antennae and legs pale brown; tarsi and basal antennomeres even paler brown; pronotum yellow, with punctate lateral striae and basal furrows slightly darkened; elytra yellow, with darkened punctures and, in some specimens, small, sparse irregular pale brown patches on disc (Fig. 3A). Pronotal lateral striae C-shaped, with large deeply impressed punctures; basal furrows of pronotum deeply impressed; pronotal punctation very fine (Fig. 3B). Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in male distinctly enlarged, subtriangular (Fig. 3A). Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 3C) distinctly sinuate laterally in ventral view; as wide basally as distally; apex subtriangular, widely obtuse and rounded laterally with small ventrolateral bulges; ventral surface with two carinae delimiting a wide sulcus, and a narrow distal sulcus in the apical third; ventrolateral surface wrinkled; dorsal ligula short, formed by two subtruncate basal lobes and two shorter subtriangular apical lobes; in lateral view, median lobe distinctly bent down, and sinuate apically. Spermatheca (Fig. 3D) with basal part subcylindrical, relatively slender, distinctly curved; distal part abruptly bent, curved to the apex, with a very short appendix; distal part clearly shorter than half the length of the basal part; ductus basally inserted, elongate, uncoiled but with wide loops.</p><p>Biometrics.</p><p>Males (n = 5; mean ± standard deviation, range): LE = 3.99 ± 0.14 mm (3.75 ≤ LE ≤ 4.10 mm); WE = 2.90 ± 0.12 mm (2.70 ≤ WE ≤ 3.00 mm); LP = 1.20 ± 0.03 mm (1.15 ≤ LP ≤ 1.23 mm); WP = 2.32 ± 0.08 mm (2.20 ≤ WP ≤ 2.40 mm); LAN = 2.40 ± 0.10 mm (2.25 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.50 mm); LAED = 2.18 ± 0.05 mm (2.13 ≤ LAED ≤ 2.25 mm); LB = 5.12 ± 0.08 mm (5.00 ≤ LB ≤ 5.20 mm); LE/LP = 3.33 ± 0.07 (3.26 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.42); WE/WP = 1.25 ± 0.02 (1.23 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.28); WP/LP = 1.94 ± 0.05 (1.88 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.00); WE/LE = 0.73 ± 0.01 (0.72 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.73); LAN/LB = 0.47 ± 0.01 (0.45 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.49); LE/LAED = 1.83 ± 0.06 (1.76 ≤ LE/LAED ≤ 1.93). Females (n = 3; mean ± standard deviation; range): LE = 4.33 ± 0.12 mm (4.20 ≤ LE ≤ 4.40 mm); WE = 3.24 ± 0.04 mm (3.20 ≤ WE ≤ 3.28 mm); LP = 1.21 ± 0.01 mm (1.20 ≤ LP ≤ 1.23 mm); WP = 2.48 ± 0.04 mm (2.43 ≤ WP ≤ 2.50 mm); LAN = 2.25 ± 0.05 mm (2.20 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.30 mm); LSP = 0.78 ± 0.03 mm (0.75 ≤ LSP ≤ 0.80 mm); LB = 5.58 ± 0.20 mm (5.40 ≤ LB ≤ 5.80 mm); LE/LP = 3.59 ± 0.14 (3.43 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.67); WE/WP = 1.31 ± 0.04 (1.28 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.35); WP/LP = 2.05 ± 0.03 (2.02 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.08); WE/LE = 0.75 ± 0.01 (0.74 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.76); LAN/LB = 0.40 ± 0.02 (0.39 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.43); LE/LSP = 5.53 ± 0.06 (5.50 ≤ LE/LSP ≤ 5.60).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Republic of South Africa (WCape) (Fig. 6). Chorotype: Southern-Western Afrotropical (SWA).</p><p>Ecological notes.</p><p>Habitat and host plants unknown. Adults collected in January, April and December.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2AFEBD27EA45ACCAFEABA1120DD903B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	D'Alessandro, Paola;Iannella, Mattia;Grobbelaar, Elizabeth;Biondi, Maurizio	D'Alessandro, Paola, Iannella, Mattia, Grobbelaar, Elizabeth, Biondi, Maurizio (2021): Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). African Invertebrates 62 (1): 315-337, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426
E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802.text	E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calotheca parvula (Weise 1908)	<div><p>Calotheca parvula (Weise, 1908) Figs 4A-D, 6</p><p>Eutheca parvula Weise, 1908: 151</p><p>Calotheca parvula (Weise): Biondi et al. 2017: 124 (pars)</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Lectotype ♀: Brit. SW-Afrika [RSA, NCape], Kl. Namaland, Steinkopf [29°15'30"S, 17°43'41"E], vii.[19]04, L. Schultze S./N, 718 (M. Biondi des. 2017) (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: Same data as lectotype, 1♀ (NHMUK).</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Republic of South Africa: [ECape], Aliwal N. [orth], [30°41'56"S, 26°43'22"E], 13.v.[19]79, on Rhus sp ., RSA 332, L. Viljoen leg., 2 specimens (SANC); C.P. [NCape], Nieuwoudtville Botanic Gardens, 31°22'S, 19°07'E, 9.ix.1987, C.D. Eardley leg., 1 specimen (SANC); [NCape], Nieuwoudtville, 700-750 m [31°22'39"S, 19°06'08"E], fynbos &amp; grassland, on Rhus sp., 15.ix.1994, P. Audisio, M. Biondi, M.A. Bologna leg., 1 specimen (BAQ); KP. [NCape], Petrusville [30°05'11"S, 24°39'15"E], xii.1960, AcCol. 40, J. v. Vuuren leg., 4 specimens (SANC); N&amp;W Cape [NCape], route Kliprand-Loeriesfontein [30°48'41"S, 19°00'31"E], 31.x.1999, M. Snizek leg., 1 specimen (BAQ); C.P. [WCape], Clanwilliam District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.55/lat -29.816668)">Bidouw Valley</a>, 32°08'S, 19°14'E, 7.ix.1987, C.D. Eardley leg., 2 specimens (SANC); Cape Province [WCape], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.55/lat -29.816668)">Karoo National Park</a>, 12-14.xi.1993, 32°19'S, 22°30'E, J. Deckert leg., 1 specimen (ZMHB); [WCape], Bushmanld., Jackals Water, [29°49'00"S, 22°33'00"E], x.1911, Lightfoot leg., 4 specimens (SANC); South-West Afric, Aus. 8-30.xi.1929, R.E. Turner leg., 1930-113, 1 specimen (NHMUK) . Namibia: [Karas], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.883333/lat -27.75)">Zebrafontein</a>, ca 30 km NNE RoshPinah, 27°45'S, 16°53'E, 2-6.iv.2002, E. Holm &amp; H. Gebhardt leg., 1 specimen (SANC) .</p><p>Taxonomic remarks.</p><p>Body size in both males and females smaller compared to the other species in the C. parvula group, with the exception of males of C. danielssoni sp. nov. Head, antennae and legs brown; tibiae, tarsi and basal antennomeres slightly paler in some specimens; pronotum yellow, with wide dark reddish-brown patches laterally, at least on punctate lateral striae and basal furrows; elytra dirty-yellow, with distinctly darkened punctures and small sparse irregular patches on the disc, one of which is larger and always present on the suture at the end of the scutellar row of punctures (Fig. 4A). Pronotal lateral striae C-shaped, with punctures larger and more deeply impressed than on the elytra; basal furrows of pronotum deeply impressed; pronotal surface apparently rough, micropunctate, with additional small irregular punctation; a shallow but evident v-shaped wrinkle medially, near the pronotal base; evident punctation lining basal margin (Fig. 4A, B). Basal pro- and mesotarsomeres in male moderately enlarged (Fig. 4A). Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 4C) distinctly sinuate laterally in ventral view; narrowing gradually apically to terminate in an acute median tooth; surface smooth, slightly wrinkled ventrolaterally; dorsal ligula short, formed by two wider truncate basal lobes which taper apically, and two thinner lateral distal lobes; in lateral view, median lobe moderately bent down, with a slightly sinuate apex. Spermatheca (Fig. 4D) with basal part subcylindrical, generally slender, slightly curved; distal part clearly curved, slightly narrower and generally straight or externally oriented apically, with a very short appendix; distal part shorter than half the length of the basal part; ductus basally inserted, moderately elongate, with a single coil at most.</p><p>Biometrics.</p><p>Males (n = 7; mean ± standard deviation, range): LE = 3.65 ± 0.15 mm (3.45 ≤ LE ≤ 3.90 mm); WE = 2.57 ± 0.13 mm (2.40 ≤ WE ≤ 2.80 mm); LP = 1.08 ± 0.07 mm (1.00 ≤ LP ≤ 1.20 mm); WP = 2.10 ± 0.09 mm (2.00 ≤ WP ≤ 2.25 mm); LAN = 2.00 ± 0.11 mm (1.90 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.10 mm); LAED = 1.81 ± 0.07 mm (1.68 ≤ LAED ≤ 1.88 mm); LB = 4.61 ± 0.22 mm (4.33 ≤ LB ≤ 5.00 mm); LE/LP = 3.38 ± 0.12 (3.20 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.55); WE/WP = 1.22 ± 0.02 (1.20 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.25); WP/LP = 1.94 ± 0.05 (1.88 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.00); WE/LE = 0.70 ± 0.02 (0.68 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.73); LAN/LB = 0.43 ± 0.02 (0.41 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.47); LE/LAED = 2.02 ± 0.06 (1.92 ≤ LE/LAED ≤ 2.08). Females (n = 10; mean ± standard deviation; range): LE = 3.80 ± 0.24 mm (3.30 ≤ LE ≤ 4.15 mm); WE = 2.73 ± 0.21 mm (2.40 ≤ WE ≤ 3.08 mm); LP = 1.06 ± 0.08 mm (0.95 ≤ LP ≤ 1.20 mm); WP = 2.19 ± 0.15 mm (1.95 ≤ WP ≤ 2.45 mm); LAN = 1.87 ± 0.12 mm (1.75 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.10 mm); LSP = 0.70 ± 0.05 mm (0.63 ≤ LSP ≤ 0.75 mm); LB = 4.79 ± 0.34 mm (4.10 ≤ LB ≤ 5.25 mm); LE/LP = 3.59 ± 0.10 (3.46 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.75); WE/WP = 1.25 ± 0.03 (1.19 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.29); WP/LP = 2.07 ± 0.05 (2.00 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.15); WE/LE = 0.72 ± 0.02 (0.68 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.74); LAN/LB = 0.39 ± 0.03 (0.36 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.43); LE/LSP = 5.46 ± 0.38 (4.89 ≤ LE/LSP ≤ 5.92).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Namibia (Karas); Republic of South Africa (ECape, NCape, WCape) (Fig. 6).</p><p>Chorotype: Southern-Western Afrotropical (SWA).</p><p>Ecological notes.</p><p>Collected between 700-750 m a.s.l. in fynbos vegetation and grassland, on Searsia spp. [= Rhus pars., cf. Moffett (2007)] ( Anacardiaceae). Adults active in April, May, July, September, October, November, December.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E91E0E512EF555D9AC94590040C40802	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	D'Alessandro, Paola;Iannella, Mattia;Grobbelaar, Elizabeth;Biondi, Maurizio	D'Alessandro, Paola, Iannella, Mattia, Grobbelaar, Elizabeth, Biondi, Maurizio (2021): Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). African Invertebrates 62 (1): 315-337, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426
52A80046CB705ECBA0B3426B3F803179.text	52A80046CB705ECBA0B3426B3F803179.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calotheca prinslooi D’Alessandro & Iannella & Grobbelaar & Biondi 2021	<div><p>Calotheca prinslooi sp. nov. Figs 5A-D, 6</p><p>Calotheca parvula (Weise): Biondi et al. 2017: 124 (pars)</p><p>Calotheca pallida (Bryant): Biondi et al. 2017: 123 (pars)</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂: South Africa [RSA], Western Cape, Swellendam (N env.), 150 m, near Marloth Nat. Res., 34°00.607'S, 20°25.874'E [34°00'35"S, 20°25'57"E], 3-11.xii.2007, Martin Řiha leg. (SANC). Paratypes: Republic of South Africa: CP [ECape], Groendal Dam nr Uitenhage, 33°42'S, 25°15'E, 10.iii.1983, W. Breytenbach leg., 2♂ and 1♀ (SANC); ECape, Willow River Farm, 33°32'S, 24°49'E, collected from Rhus pallens ( Anacardiaceae), 29.xi.1988, E. Grobbelaar leg., 10♂ and 10♀ (SANC); (S), ECape, 175 m, -33.0659, 27.2098 [33°03'57"S, 27°12'35"E], N2 Rd side 20 km N of Peddie, karoo vegetation, 18.xi.2013, M. Wanat leg., 1♀ (UWCP); C.P. [ECape], Grahamstown [33°19'24"S, 26°31'48"E], i.1979, C. Kok &amp; S.J. van Tonder leg., 1♀ (SANC); [ECape], 10 km South of Addo, 100 m, 35°46'S, 25°45'E [33°36'58"S, 25°42'41"E], xi.1988, E. Colonnelli leg., 1♀ (BAQ); [ECape], 16 m North Steytlerville [33°17'40"S, 24°22'20"E], 24.x.[19]64, A.L. Capener leg., 2♀ (SANC); ECape, Hankey, 33°50'S, 24°53'E, R. Stals leg., 2♀ (SANC); C.P. [ECape], Jeffreys Bay, 34°02'S, 24°50'E, 22.xi.1983, G.L. Prinsloo &amp; N.C. Grobbelaar leg., 1♀ (SANC); ECape, Mondhoek, 12 km NNE of Jeffreys Bay, 33°56.5'S, 24°59'E, 02.i.1997, R. Stals leg., 1♀ (SANC); [ECape], road Grahamstown to Alexandria, 350 m, 33°23.97S, 26°28.43E [33°23'58"S, 26°28'26"E], 3.v.2005, P. Audisio &amp; E. Colonnelli leg., 1♀ (BAQ); ECape, Zuurberg Nature Reserve, 900 m, 33°16'S, 25°45'E, 28.xi.1988, adults collected from Rhus dentata ( Anacardiaceae), E. Grobbelaar leg., 1♀ (SANC); [WCape], same data as the holotype, 2♂ and 1♀ (BAQ); S. Cape [WCape], Uniondale, 33°39'S, 23°07'E, 19.i.1979, S.J. van Tonder &amp; C. Kok leg., 1♂ (SANC); [WCape], Agulhas [34°48'59"S, 20°00'55"E], 8.i.[19]71, A. Prinsloo leg., 1♂ and 2♀ (SANC); ditto, D. Wessels leg., 2♂ and 1♀ (SANC); Western Cape, W of Calitzdorp-Huisrivierspas [33°30'50"S, 21°35'38"E], m 662, 19.iv.1998, S. Zoia &amp; F. Polese leg., 1♀ (BAQ); [WCape], Malagas [34°18'S, 20°34'59"E], 29.ii.1932, R.E. Turner leg., 1♀ (NHMUK); [WCape], Bontebok National Park, 34°04'S, 20°27'E, 20.iv.1995, U. Göllner leg., 3♀ (BAQ); W Cape, 530 m, -33.7127, 22.2981 [33°42'54"S, 22°17'45"E], Klein Karoo, N12 Rd, 15 km S Oudtshoorn, roadside karoo vegetation, 30.xi.2013, M. Wanat leg., 2♀ (UWCP).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Calotheca prinslooi sp. nov. is very similar in shape, size, sculpture and colour to C. oberprieleri sp. nov. and C. pallida . Males are easily distinguishable by: the first pro- and mesotarsomeres which are distinctly enlarged and rounded (less enlarged and/or subtriangular in C. oberprieleri sp. nov. and C. pallida) (Figs 2A, 3A, 5A); the aedeagus in ventral view, distinctly wider medially, wider basally than apically, and tapering slightly towards the bluntly rounded apex (sinuate, narrow in the apical third, wider basally than apically in C. oberprieleri sp. nov.; sinuate, narrowing medially, as wide basally as apically in C. pallida), and ventral surface with two basally divergent carinae (ventral surface flat in C. oberprieleri sp. nov.; ventral carinae subparallel in C. pallida) (Figs 2C, 3C, 5C). Females can be distinguished from C. oberprieleri sp. nov. and C. pallida mainly by the shape of the spermatheca, which is quite variable, but never reniform basally as in C. oberprieleri sp. nov., nor with apical part abruptly bent and curved to the apex as in C. pallida (Figs 2D, 3D, 5D).</p><p>Description of the holotype</p><p>(♂). Body elongate-elliptical in dorsal view (Fig. 5A), moderately convex in lateral view; total length of body (LB = 5.50 mm); maximum pronotal width near base (WP = 2.25 mm); maximum width of elytra at basal third (WE = 2.80 mm). Head, apical antennomeres and legs pale brown; frons, labrum, and first antennomeres slightly paler brown; hind femora, hind and middle tibiae distinctly darker; pronotum yellow, punctate lateral striae and basal furrows distinctly darkened; elytra yellow, with darkened punctures, and small, irregular, sparse reddish-brown patches, larger on the last interstria. Head (cf. Fig. 5B) with wrinkled and micropunctate surface, with some punctures on frons; several setiferous punctures between medial ocular margin and frontal grooves, and near the dorsal part of frontal grooves; frontal grooves very deeply impressed more so anteriorly, sinuate, extending from dorsal ocular margin to interantennal space; interantennal space wide, about 1.5 times the length of the first antennomere; eyes elongate-ovate; dorsal interocular space wider than 1.5 times the transversal width of eye; antennae slightly shorter than half the body length (LAN = 2.50 mm; LAN/LB = 0.45; LA: 100:50:71:79:86:86:86:86:82:79:100). Pronotum (cf. Fig. 5B) barely convex, slightly sub-trapezoidal, distinctly transverse (LP = 1.20 mm; WP/LP = 1.88), with distinctly rounded sides; surface almost smooth, finely microreticulate and sparsely micropunctate, with additional small sparse punctation; pronotal lateral striae C-shaped, with large, deeply impressed punctures; basal furrows of pronotum deeply impressed; basal and apical margins distinctly bordered but not raised; lateral margins barely expanded but visible in dorsal view; anterior angles moderately prominent and pointed; posterior angles widely obtuse. Scutellum sub-triangular, apically rounded. Elytra (Fig. 5A, cf. 5B) moderately elongate and convex (LE = 4.08 mm; WE/LE = 0.69; LE/LP = 3.40), slightly sinuate laterally, jointly rounded apically; lateral margin narrow, barely visible in dorsal view; elytral punctation arranged in single regular rows, punctures deeply impressed; interstriae with finely microreticulate and micropunctate surface; last interstria carinate; humeral calli barely raised. Macropterous. Legs with basal pro- and mesotarsomeres distinctly enlarged, sub-rounded (Fig. 5A). Tarsal claws simple. Underside brown; apical abdominal ventrite without preapical sculpture or impressions. Median lobe of aedeagus (cf. Fig. 5C) (LAED = 2.05 mm; LE/LAED = 1.99) with greatest width medially, wider basally than apically, and tapering towards the apex; apex bluntly rounded with small ventrolateral bulges; ventral surface with two basally divergent carinae delimiting a wide sulcus, which becomes narrower and shallower distally; narrow distal sulcus in the apical third; ventrolateral surface widely wrinkled; dorsal ligula short, formed by two subtruncate basal lobes and two shorter apical lobes; in lateral view, median lobe distinctly bent down to the apex, and distinctly sinuate on the ventral apical surface.</p><p>Variability.</p><p>Males (n = 10; mean ± standard deviation, range): LE = 4.03 ± 0.20 mm (3.50 ≤ LE ≤ 4.25 mm); WE = 2.89 ± 0.17 mm (2.80 ≤ WE ≤ 3.15 mm); LP = 1.23 ± 0.06 mm (1.10 ≤ LP ≤ 1.30 mm); WP = 2.33 ± 0.12 mm (2.05 ≤ WP ≤ 2.45 mm); LAN = 2.49 ± 0.11 mm (2.25 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.65 mm); LAED = 2.10 ± 0.07 mm (1.98 ≤ LAED ≤ 2.25 mm); LB = 5.52 ± 0.32 mm (4.85 ≤ LB ≤ 6.00 mm); LE/LP = 3.27 ± 0.09 (3.10 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.40); WE/WP = 1.24 ± 0.03 (1.21 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.29); WP/LP = 1.89 ± 0.03 (1.84 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 1.92); WE/LE = 0.72 ± 0.02 (0.69 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.75); LAN/LB = 0.45 ± 0.02 (0.42 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.47); LE/LAED = 1.92 ± 0.06 (1.77 ≤ LE/LAED ≤ 1.98). Females (n = 10; mean ± standard deviation; range): LE = 4.11 ± 0.15 mm (3.90 ≤ LE ≤ 4.30 mm); WE = 3.02 ± 0.10 mm (2.90 ≤ WE ≤ 3.28 mm); LP = 1.15 ± 0.04 mm (1.10 ≤ LP ≤ 1.23 mm); WP = 2.36 ± 0.08 mm (2.20 ≤ WP ≤ 2.45 mm); LAN = 2.20 ± 0.08 mm (2.05 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.35 mm); LSP = 0.76 ± 0.04 mm (0.70 ≤ LSP ≤ 0.80 mm); LB = 5.53 ± 0.24 mm (5.25 ≤ LB ≤ 5.95 mm); LE/LP = 3.57 ± 0.15 (3.27 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.74); WE/WP = 1.28 ± 0.03 (1.25 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.34); WP/LP = 2.04 ± 0.05 (1.98 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 2.13); WE/LE = 0.74 ± 0.02 (0.70 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.77); LAN/LB = 0.40 ± 0.01 (0.38 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.42); LE/LSP = 5.44 ± 0.28 (4.88 ≤ LE/LSP ≤ 5.79).</p><p>Paratypes similar in shape, sculpture and colour to the holotype. Some specimens either slightly paler or darker, and/or with surface sculpture on head slightly variable. Female with basal pro- and mesotarsomeres less enlarged than in male. Spermatheca (Fig. 5D) quite variable, basal part broadly subcylindrical or subconical, slightly thickset to slender, straight or barely curved; distal part generally softly bent, distinctly narrower and often externally oriented apically, with a very short appendix; distal part shorter than half the length of the basal part; ductus basally inserted, short to moderately elongate, generally with a single coil, or with a pair of irregular loops at most.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case after Godfried L. Prinsloo (Republic of South Africa, Pretoria), one of its collectors.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Republic of South Africa (ECape, WCape) (Fig. 6). Chorotype: Southern-Western Afrotropical (SWA).</p><p>Ecological notes.</p><p>Collected from 100-900 m a.s.l., in karoo vegetation, on Searsia pallens and S. dentata [= Rhus pars, cf. Moffett (2007)] ( Anacardiaceae). Adults active in January, February, March, April, May, October, November, December.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/52A80046CB705ECBA0B3426B3F803179	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	D'Alessandro, Paola;Iannella, Mattia;Grobbelaar, Elizabeth;Biondi, Maurizio	D'Alessandro, Paola, Iannella, Mattia, Grobbelaar, Elizabeth, Biondi, Maurizio (2021): Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). African Invertebrates 62 (1): 315-337, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426
