identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
37515630FFA3F031FF021F35FBF8C37D.text	37515630FFA3F031FF021F35FBF8C37D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Portulaca badamica S. R. Yadav & Dalavi 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Portulaca badamica S.R.Yadav &amp; Dalavi (2018: 376) (Fig. 1B and Fig. 2A–K). </p>
            <p>Type:— INDIA, Karnataka, Bagalkot District, Badami, 613 m a.s.l., 15.918394 N, 75.703487 E, 14 June 2018, Yadav, Dalavi &amp; Deshmukh JVD-1250 (holotype CAL!, isotype BSI!, K!, SUK!) (Fig. 1).</p>
            <p>Description:— Annual, erect, slender, herbs, 5–15 cm in height. Root non-tuberous, branched, fibrous. Stems erect, slender, cylindrical, sparsely pilose when young, glabrous when mature. Leaves 0.8–1.5 × 0.1–0.3 cm, simple, alternate to whorled, linear, subsessile, glaucous, green with distinct midrib, petiole with a small tuft of white hairs in the nodal axils. Inflorescence terminal, 1–6 sessile flowered capitulum surrounded by 4–7 involucral leaves and a ring of white hairs. Flowers bisexual, 1 cm across, generally cleistogamous, rarely chasmogamous, sessile, yellow. Calyx bisepalous, sepals 4–6 × 2–3 mm, ovate, connate at base, transparent, 4–6-veined, glabrous. Petals 4–5, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, connate at the base, ovate to obovate, glabrous. Stamens 8–12, free, filaments connate at the base forming a small ring and adnate to petals, unequal in length; anthers 0.7–0.9 mm, dithecous, yellowish in colour, dehiscing via longitudinal slits; filaments 1.0– 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Gynoecium 4–5 carpellary, syncarpous; ovary 2–3 × 1–2 mm, globose, lower portion sunk into base of calyx tube, glabrous. Style 3–4 mm long, glabrous, 3–4 fid, pale yellow; stigma 1–2 mm, papillate, yellow. Fruits circumscissile capsule, 4–6 × 2–3 mm, sub-globose, basal disc, and upper operculum nearly equal in length. Seeds 40–60 per capsule, sub-reniform, 0.6–0.7 mm in diameter, bluish in colour with stellulate flat cells arranged in 3–4 circular rings without central elevations.</p>
            <p>Habitat:— The species grows in moist sandy plains.</p>
            <p>Phenology:— Flowering season: May to July; Fruiting season: May to August.</p>
            <p>Distribution:— The species is rarely and only known from the Bagalkot (Badami hills, Cholachgudda hills &amp; Gudur) and Gadag (Gajendragada fort) districts of Karnataka state of India.</p>
            <p> Notes:— Undoubtedly,  Portulaca badamica is unrelated to  P. tuberosa however Singh &amp; Arigela (2022) erroneously merged this species with  P. tuberosa without visiting type location and proper studies. They also made the wrong interpretation as  P. badamica is a variant of  P. tuberosa . However, the species shows distinct differences in morphology (Fig 2 A–L), micromorphology (Dalavi et al. 2019), and molecular phylogeny (Tamboli et al. 2022). All the distinguishing characteristics of  P. badamica and  P. tuberosa are depicted in (Table 1). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/37515630FFA3F031FF021F35FBF8C37D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dalavi, Jagdish Vishnu;Tamboli, Asif;Pujar, Ramesh;Saliyavar, Basavaraj;Yadav, Shrirang	Dalavi, Jagdish Vishnu, Tamboli, Asif, Pujar, Ramesh, Saliyavar, Basavaraj, Yadav, Shrirang (2024): Reinstatement of Portulaca badamica from P. tuberosa with critical notes on variation in P. tuberosa. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 293-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.7
37515630FFA5F034FF0218BFFEC6C2B5.text	37515630FFA5F034FF0218BFFEC6C2B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Portulaca tuberosa Roxburgh 1832	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Portulaca tuberosa Roxburgh (1832: 464) (Fig. 2L–X and Fig. 3). </p>
            <p> Lectotype (designated by Singh &amp; Arigela 2022: 135, Figure 6): —[Icon]  Portulaca tuberosa in Roxburgh (132: no. 2496). </p>
            <p> Description:— Perennial, tuberous, succulent herbs. Roots tuberous, tubers 2–15 × 1–4 cm, conical to napiform, pale orange to dark brown in colour. Stem 5–40 × 0.3–1.0 cm in length, highly branched or arising tuft of the stem from apex of tuber, diffused, succulent, glabrous throughout, sparsely hairy at leaf axils. Leaves 0.5–4.0 × 0.2–0.6 cm, simple, linear, terete, fleshy, 2–4 at nodal portion to  form whorl , reflexed at apex, sessile to subsessile, dark green. Flowers 1.5–3.0 cm across, white, pink, yellow, magenta, orange to dark red in color, sessile; sepals 2, ovate 0.2–0.7 × 0.1–0.4 cm, translucent, pale green; petals 4–6, 0.5–1.5 × 0.2–0.6 cm, obovate, acuminate at apex, white, cream, yellow, orange, magenta, pink to dark red coloured, connate at base; stamens 8–20, 2–5 mm in length, filaments connate at the base forming ring around the gynoecium; gynoecium 2–5 mm in length, ovary 0.10–0.25 × 0.1–0.2 cm, 2–5 carpellate, style 0.5–4.0 mm, erect, glabrous; stigma 0.5-2.5 mm, 4-12 fid, papillate. Fruit 3–5 × 1–4 mm, sub-globose to oblong, circum dehiscing capsule, operculum much longer than basal disc; seeds 30–60 per capsule, 0.30–0.65 mm, orbicular, testa almost smooth, black polished, with faint stellulate ornamentation. </p>
            <p>Habitat:— The plant grows in sandy and gravelly to rocky areas characterized by a low humidity.</p>
            <p>Distribution:— Christmas Islands, India, Jawa, Laccadive Islands, Lesser Sunda Islands, Maldives, New Guinea, Pakistan, Queensland, Sri Lanka, Western Australia (POWO 2024). In India the species occurs in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep islands, Maharashtra, Odisha, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.</p>
            <p> Notes:—  Portulaca tuberosa is polymorphic species in India it shows six phenotypic forms namely form 1 (white  form with &gt; 2 cm long reflexed leaves) (Fig. 3A–B), form 2 (white with &lt;2 cm short and non-reflexed leaves) (Fig. 3C–F), form 3 (yellow form) (Fig. 3G), form 4 (magenta form) (Fig 3D), form 5 (pink form) (Fig. 3E), and form 6 (Fig. 3H–I) all forms except form 1 shows close morphology and almost many of them are growing sympatrically detailed morphological attributes of each  form are depicted in table. 2. However, seed micromorphology of all these forms is similar and all above-mentioned variations might be due to natural hybridization. Single individuals produce only particular type of flowers, there is no observation on individual having different colored flowers. </p>
            <p> Molecular studies:— Recently Tamboli et al. (2022) studied the phylogenetic positions and biogeographic history of Indian endemic  Portulaca species namely;  Portulaca badamica ,  P. lakshminarasimhaniana and  P. oleracea var. linearifolia . Their phylogeny revealed that  P. badamica grouped with African  Portulaca species viz  P. massaica Phillips (2000: 689) and  P. foliosa Ker Gawler (1824: 793) . Accessions of  P. tuberosa included by Tabmoli et al. (2022) were grouped with another accession of  P. tuberosa included by Ocampo and Columbus (2012). These phylogenetic evidence suggests that not only morphologically but also according to molecular studies both  P. badamica and  P. tuberosa cannot be placed together. Meanwhile, Sing and Arigela (2022) found  P. badamica is conspecific with  P. tuberosa based on superficial circumscription. To prove the distinctiveness of both species, we added additional sampling of  P. badamica (JVD-1250) and  P. tuberosa (JVD-1681A) to confirm their phylogenetic placements. Our reconstructed 50% Majority rule Bayesian phylogeny presented in figure 4 revealed that both the  P. badamica accessions JVD-1250 and JVD-1261 grouped together (ML BS = 100% and BI PP value ≥ 0.90) and showed sister relationship with African taxa  P. massaica and  P. foliosa with ML BS = 66 % and BI PP value ≥ 0.50 (Fig. 4). Both the specimens from different forms of  P. tuberosa (JVD-1681 and JVD-1681A) grouped with sample by Ocampo and Columbus (2012) which is  P. tuberosa (Acc. No. - OCAMPO &amp; al. 1737) with ML BS = 99 % and BI PP value ≥ 0.90 (Fig. 4). These phylogenetic results confirm that both the species phylogenetically placed in Pilosa clade (Fig. 4) but in different groups  P. badamica cannot be kept in anyway into  P. tuberosa group. </p>
            <p> Additional Specimens examined for  Portulaca tuberosa :—   INDIA. Andhra Pradesh:  Pudimadaka , 28 September 1969, Rao 7209 (BSID!)  ;   Krishna district,  Bandar Fort RF, 22August 1984, P. Venkanna 5358 (MH!)  ;   Goa:  Rocky creek , near sea, Nagoa, 20 September 1964, S. Rao Rolla 102674 (BSI!)  ;   Gujarat:  Jakhav 18 September 1968, R. S. Raghavan, 114945 (BSI!)  ;   Kerala: Muthakoda, 05  May , 1958, G. S. Puri 36370 (BSI!)  ;   Odish:  Gopalpur South , 7 October 1970, L. K. Banarjee 8340 (BSID!)  ;   Puri Coast , 03 October 1972 G. N. Tri &amp; R. N. R. 341 (BSID!)  ;   Bhubaneshwar , 26 July 1973, H. Saxena 1058 (JCB!)  ;   Rajasthan:  Jodhpur-Bhimbharak , 31 July 1958, S. K. Jain 40222 (BSI!)  ;   Tamil Nadu:  Kancheepuram district , Walajabad, September 1826, R. Wight 6844 C (CAL!)  ;   Chingleput (Chengalpattu) district , January 1884, s.c. s.n. (MH00162102!)  ;   Chingleput district , 28 October 1914, s.c. (MH00162101!)  ;   North Arcot district,  Tippukadu RF, 165 m, 28 June 1963, K. Ramamurthy 16604 (MH!)  ;   Ramanathapuram district,  Mandapam , 29 September 1987, V. Balasubramaniam 1386 (MH!)  ;   Rameswaram , 24 September 1944, D. Daniel s.n. (MH00162110!)  ;   South Arcot,  Cuddalore , 30 August 1899, C. A. Barber 746 (MH!)  ;   Telangana:  Ramanagutta , 08 July 1996, R. Rajan 107981 (BSID!)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/37515630FFA5F034FF0218BFFEC6C2B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dalavi, Jagdish Vishnu;Tamboli, Asif;Pujar, Ramesh;Saliyavar, Basavaraj;Yadav, Shrirang	Dalavi, Jagdish Vishnu, Tamboli, Asif, Pujar, Ramesh, Saliyavar, Basavaraj, Yadav, Shrirang (2024): Reinstatement of Portulaca badamica from P. tuberosa with critical notes on variation in P. tuberosa. Phytotaxa 671 (3): 293-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.671.3.7
