taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440709	FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440713	FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440751	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440757/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440757	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA5FF83D1CDFA8F41A4F9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440743/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440743	FIGURE 17. Parasesarma tarantula n. sp.. A–E, paratype male (12.6×10.9 mm) (ZRC 2018.0801), Sulawesi, Indonesia; F, G, paratype female (11.2×9.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.0802), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of gonopods.	FIGURE 17. Parasesarma tarantula n. sp.. A–E, paratype male (12.6×10.9 mm) (ZRC 2018.0801), Sulawesi, Indonesia; F, G, paratype female (11.2×9.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.0802), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of gonopods.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA1FF8FD1CDF9884585FDBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440713	FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA1FF8FD1CDF9884585FDBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440715/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440715	FIGURE 3. Parasesarma limbense (Rathbun, 1914). A–G, lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi; H, paralectotype female (13.1×11.6 mm) (USNM 120523-1), same locality; I, paralectotype female (12.6×11.4 mm) (USNM 120523-2), same locality. A, H, I, dorsal views; B, ventral view; C, mouth part; D, E, left cheliped; F, frontal views; G, right third and fourth legs. D, outer view of palm; E, dorsal view of dactylar finger.	FIGURE 3. Parasesarma limbense (Rathbun, 1914). A–G, lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi; H, paralectotype female (13.1×11.6 mm) (USNM 120523-1), same locality; I, paralectotype female (12.6×11.4 mm) (USNM 120523-2), same locality. A, H, I, dorsal views; B, ventral view; C, mouth part; D, E, left cheliped; F, frontal views; G, right third and fourth legs. D, outer view of palm; E, dorsal view of dactylar finger.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA1FF8FD1CDF9884585FDBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440709	FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440717/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440717	FIGURE 4. Parasesarma gecko n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; E, F, paratype female (15.3×13.0 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan; G, H, female (20.2×17.5 mm) (NMNS-7779-002), Okinawa Island, Japan, showing abnormal right second ambulatory leg; I, J, paratype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan, showing asymmetrical chelae. A, E, G, I, dorsal views; B, F, H, J, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 4. Parasesarma gecko n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; E, F, paratype female (15.3×13.0 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan; G, H, female (20.2×17.5 mm) (NMNS-7779-002), Okinawa Island, Japan, showing abnormal right second ambulatory leg; I, J, paratype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan, showing asymmetrical chelae. A, E, G, I, dorsal views; B, F, H, J, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440719/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440719	FIGURE 5. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype male (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm of left chela; C, dorsal view of tip of left cheliped; D–G, left G1. D, F, dorsal (sternal) views; E, G, ventral (pleonal) views; D, E, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 5. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype male (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm of left chela; C, dorsal view of tip of left cheliped; D–G, left G1. D, F, dorsal (sternal) views; E, G, ventral (pleonal) views; D, E, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440721/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440721	FIGURE 6. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., left chela. A, D, paratype male (14.4×12.6 mm) (ZRC 2008.1252), Miyako Island, Japan; B, E, paratype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan; C, F, paratype male (14.5× 12.3 mm) (ZRC 2008.0501), Guam. A–C, dorsal views of pectinated cristae on palm, arrow points to direction of dactylar finger; D–F, lateral views of pectinated cristae on palm. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 6. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., left chela. A, D, paratype male (14.4×12.6 mm) (ZRC 2008.1252), Miyako Island, Japan; B, E, paratype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan; C, F, paratype male (14.5× 12.3 mm) (ZRC 2008.0501), Guam. A–C, dorsal views of pectinated cristae on palm, arrow points to direction of dactylar finger; D–F, lateral views of pectinated cristae on palm. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440749	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440751	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440753/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440753	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440755/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440755	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440757/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440757	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440759/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440759	FIGURE 25. Habitats associated with Parasesarma macaco n. sp., P. gecko n. sp. and P. kui n. sp., specimens not collected. A–D, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung (Paoli River), Taiwan; E, P. gecko n. sp., group of crabs on cement wall near mangrove, Okinawa, Japan; F, G, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung (Kangkou River), Taiwan. A, habitat constituted by Talipariti tiliaceum and Clerodendrum inerme; B, male climbing on T. tiliaceum; C, female climbing on C. inerme; D, ovigerous female during breeding migration; F, habitat constituted by T. tiliaceum; G, male climbing on shrubs.	FIGURE 25. Habitats associated with Parasesarma macaco n. sp., P. gecko n. sp. and P. kui n. sp., specimens not collected. A–D, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung (Paoli River), Taiwan; E, P. gecko n. sp., group of crabs on cement wall near mangrove, Okinawa, Japan; F, G, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung (Kangkou River), Taiwan. A, habitat constituted by Talipariti tiliaceum and Clerodendrum inerme; B, male climbing on T. tiliaceum; C, female climbing on C. inerme; D, ovigerous female during breeding migration; F, habitat constituted by T. tiliaceum; G, male climbing on shrubs.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFADFF8BD1CDFD444536FC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440731/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440731	FIGURE 11. Parasesarma gracilipes n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, F, paratype female (13.4×11.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.0793), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 11. Parasesarma gracilipes n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, F, paratype female (13.4×11.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.0793), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440723/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440723	FIGURE 7. Parasesarma macaco n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, F, paratype female (13.3×11.1 mm) (NMNS-7779-013), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 7. Parasesarma macaco n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, F, paratype female (13.3×11.1 mm) (NMNS-7779-013), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440725/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440725	FIGURE 8. Parasesarma macaco n. sp., holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E, F, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, dorsal (sternal) view; F, ventral (pleonal) view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 8. Parasesarma macaco n. sp., holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E, F, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, dorsal (sternal) view; F, ventral (pleonal) view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440749	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440751	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440753/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440753	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440755/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440755	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440757/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440757	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFA9FF89D1CDFC534107FE9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440759/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440759	FIGURE 25. Habitats associated with Parasesarma macaco n. sp., P. gecko n. sp. and P. kui n. sp., specimens not collected. A–D, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung (Paoli River), Taiwan; E, P. gecko n. sp., group of crabs on cement wall near mangrove, Okinawa, Japan; F, G, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung (Kangkou River), Taiwan. A, habitat constituted by Talipariti tiliaceum and Clerodendrum inerme; B, male climbing on T. tiliaceum; C, female climbing on C. inerme; D, ovigerous female during breeding migration; F, habitat constituted by T. tiliaceum; G, male climbing on shrubs.	FIGURE 25. Habitats associated with Parasesarma macaco n. sp., P. gecko n. sp. and P. kui n. sp., specimens not collected. A–D, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung (Paoli River), Taiwan; E, P. gecko n. sp., group of crabs on cement wall near mangrove, Okinawa, Japan; F, G, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung (Kangkou River), Taiwan. A, habitat constituted by Talipariti tiliaceum and Clerodendrum inerme; B, male climbing on T. tiliaceum; C, female climbing on C. inerme; D, ovigerous female during breeding migration; F, habitat constituted by T. tiliaceum; G, male climbing on shrubs.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440727/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440727	FIGURE 9. Parasesarma kui n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015) Pingtung, Taiwan; E, F, paratype female (16.4×14.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-021), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 9. Parasesarma kui n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015) Pingtung, Taiwan; E, F, paratype female (16.4×14.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-021), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440729/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440729	FIGURE 10. Parasesarma kui n. sp., holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 10. Parasesarma kui n. sp., holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440749	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440751	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440753/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440753	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440755/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440755	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440757/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440757	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440759/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440759	FIGURE 25. Habitats associated with Parasesarma macaco n. sp., P. gecko n. sp. and P. kui n. sp., specimens not collected. A–D, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung (Paoli River), Taiwan; E, P. gecko n. sp., group of crabs on cement wall near mangrove, Okinawa, Japan; F, G, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung (Kangkou River), Taiwan. A, habitat constituted by Talipariti tiliaceum and Clerodendrum inerme; B, male climbing on T. tiliaceum; C, female climbing on C. inerme; D, ovigerous female during breeding migration; F, habitat constituted by T. tiliaceum; G, male climbing on shrubs.	FIGURE 25. Habitats associated with Parasesarma macaco n. sp., P. gecko n. sp. and P. kui n. sp., specimens not collected. A–D, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung (Paoli River), Taiwan; E, P. gecko n. sp., group of crabs on cement wall near mangrove, Okinawa, Japan; F, G, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung (Kangkou River), Taiwan. A, habitat constituted by Talipariti tiliaceum and Clerodendrum inerme; B, male climbing on T. tiliaceum; C, female climbing on C. inerme; D, ovigerous female during breeding migration; F, habitat constituted by T. tiliaceum; G, male climbing on shrubs.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440723/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440723	FIGURE 7. Parasesarma macaco n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, F, paratype female (13.3×11.1 mm) (NMNS-7779-013), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 7. Parasesarma macaco n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, F, paratype female (13.3×11.1 mm) (NMNS-7779-013), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440725/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440725	FIGURE 8. Parasesarma macaco n. sp., holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E, F, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, dorsal (sternal) view; F, ventral (pleonal) view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 8. Parasesarma macaco n. sp., holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E, F, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, dorsal (sternal) view; F, ventral (pleonal) view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFABFF94D1CDF9304681FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440739/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440739	FIGURE 15. Parasesarma parvulum n. sp.. A–E, holotype male (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; F, G, paratype female (11.3×9.6 mm) (NMNS-7779-026), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of base of coxae.	FIGURE 15. Parasesarma parvulum n. sp.. A–E, holotype male (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; F, G, paratype female (11.3×9.6 mm) (NMNS-7779-026), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of base of coxae.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB6FF95D1CDFC7C4548F812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440731/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440731	FIGURE 11. Parasesarma gracilipes n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, F, paratype female (13.4×11.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.0793), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 11. Parasesarma gracilipes n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, F, paratype female (13.4×11.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.0793), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB6FF95D1CDFC7C4548F812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440733/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440733	FIGURE 12. Parasesarma gracilipes n. sp., holotype male (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 12. Parasesarma gracilipes n. sp., holotype male (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB6FF95D1CDFC7C4548F812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB6FF95D1CDFC7C4548F812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440749	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB6FF95D1CDFC7C4548F812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440751	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440735/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440735	FIGURE 13. Parasesarma purpureum n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; E, F, paratype female (ZRC 2012.0755b), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 13. Parasesarma purpureum n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; E, F, paratype female (ZRC 2012.0755b), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440737/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440737	FIGURE 14. Parasesarma purpureum n. sp., holotype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1; B, lateral view of pectinate cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 14. Parasesarma purpureum n. sp., holotype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1; B, lateral view of pectinate cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440749	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440751	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440753/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440753	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440755/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440755	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440757/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440757	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB0FF91D1CDF8F24053FD72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440729/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440729	FIGURE 10. Parasesarma kui n. sp., holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 10. Parasesarma kui n. sp., holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB3FF91D1CDFD01465FF814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440739/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440739	FIGURE 15. Parasesarma parvulum n. sp.. A–E, holotype male (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; F, G, paratype female (11.3×9.6 mm) (NMNS-7779-026), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of base of coxae.	FIGURE 15. Parasesarma parvulum n. sp.. A–E, holotype male (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; F, G, paratype female (11.3×9.6 mm) (NMNS-7779-026), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of base of coxae.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB3FF91D1CDFD01465FF814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440741/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440741	FIGURE 16. Parasesarma parvulum n. sp., holotype male (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 16. Parasesarma parvulum n. sp., holotype male (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB3FF91D1CDFD01465FF814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB3FF91D1CDFD01465FF814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440749	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB3FF91D1CDFD01465FF814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440751	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFBDFF9DD1CDFA1944CBFD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440743/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440743	FIGURE 17. Parasesarma tarantula n. sp.. A–E, paratype male (12.6×10.9 mm) (ZRC 2018.0801), Sulawesi, Indonesia; F, G, paratype female (11.2×9.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.0802), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of gonopods.	FIGURE 17. Parasesarma tarantula n. sp.. A–E, paratype male (12.6×10.9 mm) (ZRC 2018.0801), Sulawesi, Indonesia; F, G, paratype female (11.2×9.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.0802), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of gonopods.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFBDFF9DD1CDFA1944CBFD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440745/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440745	FIGURE 18. Parasesarma tarantula n. sp., holotype male (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 18. Parasesarma tarantula n. sp., holotype male (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFBDFF9DD1CDFA1944CBFD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFBDFF9DD1CDFA1944CBFD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440749	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFBDFF9DD1CDFA1944CBFD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440751	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 21. Gonopods of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex. A, P. leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., holotype (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp., holotype (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp., holotype (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp., holotype (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp., holotype (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFBDFF9DD1CDFA1944CBFD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440753/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440753	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 22. Colour in life, males, dorsal views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFBDFF9DD1CDFA1944CBFD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440755/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440755	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 23. Colour in life, males, ventral views. A. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan; B. P. macaco n. sp., holotype (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C. P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. purpureum n. sp. (13.4×11.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.0799), Borneo, Malaysia; E, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFBDFF9DD1CDFA1944CBFD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440757/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440757	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 24. In situ photographs of Parasesarma leptosoma species-complex, specimens not collected. A, P. leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), Kenya (Photograph: S. Cannicci); B, P. gecko n. sp., Okinawa, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp., Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. purpureum n. sp., Borneo, Malaysia; F, P. tarantula n. sp., Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440713/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440713	FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 2. A–H, Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869), male (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; I–N, P. limbense (Rathbun, 1914), lectotype male (7.1×6.8 mm) (USNM 45920), Lembeh Island, Sulawesi. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–M, left G1; N, left third maxilliped (setae denuded). B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, I, dorsal (sternal) view; F, H, J, M, ventral (pleonal) view; K, sub-ventral (pleonal) view; L, side view; E, F, L, M, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440709/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440709	FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 1. Parasesarma leptosoma (Hilgendorf, 1869). A–C, holotype female (17.5×16.0 mm) (ZMB 3181), Tanzania; D–F, male (16.0×14.8 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; G, H, female (14.9×12.7 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya. A, E, G, dorsal views; B, F, H, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440719/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440719	FIGURE 5. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype male (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm of left chela; C, dorsal view of tip of left cheliped; D–G, left G1. D, F, dorsal (sternal) views; E, G, ventral (pleonal) views; D, E, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 5. Parasesarma gecko n. sp., holotype male (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa, Japan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm of left chela; C, dorsal view of tip of left cheliped; D–G, left G1. D, F, dorsal (sternal) views; E, G, ventral (pleonal) views; D, E, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440749	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 20. First to fourth ambulatory legs (P2–P5) (from top to bottom), holotype males. A, Parasesarma gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; B, P. macaco n. sp. male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan; C, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; E, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; F, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; G, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440729/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440729	FIGURE 10. Parasesarma kui n. sp., holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 10. Parasesarma kui n. sp., holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E–H, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, G, dorsal (sternal) views; F, H, ventral (pleonal) views; E, F, distal part of G1. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440739/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440739	FIGURE 15. Parasesarma parvulum n. sp.. A–E, holotype male (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; F, G, paratype female (11.3×9.6 mm) (NMNS-7779-026), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of base of coxae.	FIGURE 15. Parasesarma parvulum n. sp.. A–E, holotype male (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; F, G, paratype female (11.3×9.6 mm) (NMNS-7779-026), same locality. A, F, dorsal views; B, E, G, ventral views; C, D, frontal views; E, close-up of base of coxae.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440717/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440717	FIGURE 4. Parasesarma gecko n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; E, F, paratype female (15.3×13.0 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan; G, H, female (20.2×17.5 mm) (NMNS-7779-002), Okinawa Island, Japan, showing abnormal right second ambulatory leg; I, J, paratype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan, showing asymmetrical chelae. A, E, G, I, dorsal views; B, F, H, J, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 4. Parasesarma gecko n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; E, F, paratype female (15.3×13.0 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan; G, H, female (20.2×17.5 mm) (NMNS-7779-002), Okinawa Island, Japan, showing abnormal right second ambulatory leg; I, J, paratype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ASIZ 73381), Iriomote Island, Japan, showing asymmetrical chelae. A, E, G, I, dorsal views; B, F, H, J, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440735/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440735	FIGURE 13. Parasesarma purpureum n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; E, F, paratype female (ZRC 2012.0755b), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 13. Parasesarma purpureum n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; E, F, paratype female (ZRC 2012.0755b), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440747	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	FIGURE 19. Outer views of chelae, holotype males. A, Parasesarma leptosoma (17.0×15.2 mm) (ZRC 2000.1718), Kenya; B, P. gecko n. sp. (16.2×14.6 mm) (RUMF-ZC-4710), Okinawa Island, Japan; C, P. macaco n. sp. (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779- 005), Pingtung, Taiwan; D, P. kui n. sp. (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015), Pingtung, Taiwan; E, P. gracilipes n. sp. (13.6×11.9 mm) (MZB Cru 4803), Papua, Indonesia; F, P. purpureum n. sp. (15.9×13.7 mm) (ZRC 2012.0755a), Tioman Island, Peninsular Malaysia; G, P. parvulum n. sp. (9.6×8.4 mm) (NMCR 50702), Mindoro Island, Philippines; H, P. tarantula n. sp. (13.4×11.5 mm) (MZB Cru 4801), Sulawesi, Indonesia.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440727/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440727	FIGURE 9. Parasesarma kui n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015) Pingtung, Taiwan; E, F, paratype female (16.4×14.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-021), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	FIGURE 9. Parasesarma kui n. sp.. A–D, holotype male (14.7×13.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-015) Pingtung, Taiwan; E, F, paratype female (16.4×14.7 mm) (NMNS-7779-021), same locality. A, E, dorsal views; B, F, ventral views; C, D, frontal views.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
376A1B4DFFB9FF9BD1CDFF6F41AEFC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/1440725/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1440725	FIGURE 8. Parasesarma macaco n. sp., holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E, F, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, dorsal (sternal) view; F, ventral (pleonal) view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 8. Parasesarma macaco n. sp., holotype male (13.8×12.3 mm) (NMNS-7779-005), Pingtung, Taiwan. A, dorsal view of carapace; B–D, tip of left cheliped; E, F, left G1. B, lateral view of pectinated cristae on palm; C, dorsal view of palm and dactylar finger; D, lateral view of dactylar finger; E, dorsal (sternal) view; F, ventral (pleonal) view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.	2018-09-19	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.		Zenodo	biologists	Li, Jheng-Jhang;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo;Ng, Peter K. L.			
