taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
3724530AFFD0A877FF1AA1B15A2EFC7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891269/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891269	FIGURE 3. (a–c) Ophiocreas corali sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.25 (a) dorsal disc, (b) arm, lateral view, (c) ventral disc, (d) dorsal view. (e) Ophiocreas lissum NHMUK 2025.26, dorsal view. (f–h) Ophiocreas corali sp. nov. paratype NHMUK 2025.24 (f) vertebra distal view, (g) lateral arm plate, (h) inner arm spine.	FIGURE 3. (a–c) Ophiocreas corali sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.25 (a) dorsal disc, (b) arm, lateral view, (c) ventral disc, (d) dorsal view. (e) Ophiocreas lissum NHMUK 2025.26, dorsal view. (f–h) Ophiocreas corali sp. nov. paratype NHMUK 2025.24 (f) vertebra distal view, (g) lateral arm plate, (h) inner arm spine.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFD6A876FF1AA2095AA9F850.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891269/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891269	FIGURE 3. (a–c) Ophiocreas corali sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.25 (a) dorsal disc, (b) arm, lateral view, (c) ventral disc, (d) dorsal view. (e) Ophiocreas lissum NHMUK 2025.26, dorsal view. (f–h) Ophiocreas corali sp. nov. paratype NHMUK 2025.24 (f) vertebra distal view, (g) lateral arm plate, (h) inner arm spine.	FIGURE 3. (a–c) Ophiocreas corali sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.25 (a) dorsal disc, (b) arm, lateral view, (c) ventral disc, (d) dorsal view. (e) Ophiocreas lissum NHMUK 2025.26, dorsal view. (f–h) Ophiocreas corali sp. nov. paratype NHMUK 2025.24 (f) vertebra distal view, (g) lateral arm plate, (h) inner arm spine.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFD4A86BFF1AA78F5BF1FE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891273/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891273	FIGURE 4. Astrotoma cf. manilense NHMUK 2025.28 (a) dorsal disc, (b) ventral disc, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) vertebra distal view, (e) lateral arm plate from mid arm ventral view, the upper flatter section is orientated towards the ventral mid arm, the cylindrical boss supports the ventralmost hooklet (f) lateral arm plate interior view, (g) lateral arm hooklet plate, (h) arm spine.	FIGURE 4. Astrotoma cf. manilense NHMUK 2025.28 (a) dorsal disc, (b) ventral disc, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) vertebra distal view, (e) lateral arm plate from mid arm ventral view, the upper flatter section is orientated towards the ventral mid arm, the cylindrical boss supports the ventralmost hooklet (f) lateral arm plate interior view, (g) lateral arm hooklet plate, (h) arm spine.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFCAA86AFF1AA3F05A01FB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891277/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891277	FIGURE 5. (a–c) Gorgonocephalus pectinatus NHMUK 2025.31 (a) dorsal disc, (b) dorsal (whole animal), (c) lateral arm; (d–n) Gorgonocephalus chilensis NHMUK 2025.30 (d) dorsal disc, (e) dorsal (whole animal), (f) lateral arm, (g) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (h) lateral arm plate, interior view, (i) lateral arm hooklet plate, (j) dorsal arm hooklet plate, (k) distal arm spine, (l) proximal arm spine; (m) vertebra of proximal segment, distal view, (n) vertebra of distal arm segment, distal view; (o–t) Gorgonocephalus pectinatus NHMUK 2025.31 (o) vertebra, distal view, last segment before branching, (p) lateral arm plate, exterior view), (q) lateral arm plate, interior view, (r) arm hooklet plate, (s) hooklet, (t) proximal arm spine.	FIGURE 5. (a–c) Gorgonocephalus pectinatus NHMUK 2025.31 (a) dorsal disc, (b) dorsal (whole animal), (c) lateral arm; (d–n) Gorgonocephalus chilensis NHMUK 2025.30 (d) dorsal disc, (e) dorsal (whole animal), (f) lateral arm, (g) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (h) lateral arm plate, interior view, (i) lateral arm hooklet plate, (j) dorsal arm hooklet plate, (k) distal arm spine, (l) proximal arm spine; (m) vertebra of proximal segment, distal view, (n) vertebra of distal arm segment, distal view; (o–t) Gorgonocephalus pectinatus NHMUK 2025.31 (o) vertebra, distal view, last segment before branching, (p) lateral arm plate, exterior view), (q) lateral arm plate, interior view, (r) arm hooklet plate, (s) hooklet, (t) proximal arm spine.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFCAA868FF1AA6665D33FCA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891277/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891277	FIGURE 5. (a–c) Gorgonocephalus pectinatus NHMUK 2025.31 (a) dorsal disc, (b) dorsal (whole animal), (c) lateral arm; (d–n) Gorgonocephalus chilensis NHMUK 2025.30 (d) dorsal disc, (e) dorsal (whole animal), (f) lateral arm, (g) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (h) lateral arm plate, interior view, (i) lateral arm hooklet plate, (j) dorsal arm hooklet plate, (k) distal arm spine, (l) proximal arm spine; (m) vertebra of proximal segment, distal view, (n) vertebra of distal arm segment, distal view; (o–t) Gorgonocephalus pectinatus NHMUK 2025.31 (o) vertebra, distal view, last segment before branching, (p) lateral arm plate, exterior view), (q) lateral arm plate, interior view, (r) arm hooklet plate, (s) hooklet, (t) proximal arm spine.	FIGURE 5. (a–c) Gorgonocephalus pectinatus NHMUK 2025.31 (a) dorsal disc, (b) dorsal (whole animal), (c) lateral arm; (d–n) Gorgonocephalus chilensis NHMUK 2025.30 (d) dorsal disc, (e) dorsal (whole animal), (f) lateral arm, (g) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (h) lateral arm plate, interior view, (i) lateral arm hooklet plate, (j) dorsal arm hooklet plate, (k) distal arm spine, (l) proximal arm spine; (m) vertebra of proximal segment, distal view, (n) vertebra of distal arm segment, distal view; (o–t) Gorgonocephalus pectinatus NHMUK 2025.31 (o) vertebra, distal view, last segment before branching, (p) lateral arm plate, exterior view), (q) lateral arm plate, interior view, (r) arm hooklet plate, (s) hooklet, (t) proximal arm spine.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFC8A86CFF1AA0955C44F9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891279/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891279	FIGURE 6. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4001 (a) dorsal view, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) dorsolateral view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ship-board photo of MD208 catch CP4914, with the species: Oh = Ophiopyrgus hainesae, Oa = Ophioplinthus abyssorum, Om = Ophiomyces delata, Sw = Stegophiura waltersi.	FIGURE 6. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4001 (a) dorsal view, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) dorsolateral view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ship-board photo of MD208 catch CP4914, with the species: Oh = Ophiopyrgus hainesae, Oa = Ophioplinthus abyssorum, Om = Ophiomyces delata, Sw = Stegophiura waltersi.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFC8A86CFF1AA0955C44F9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891281/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891281	FIGURE 7. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. paratype MNHN IE.2016.1376 (a) paired vertebrae, dorsal view, (b) paired vertebrae, lateral view, (c) vertebra, proximal view, (d) vertebra, distal view, (e) basal vertebra, proximal view, (f) lateral arm plate, ventral view, (g) lateral arm plate, lateral view, (h) oral plate, (i) ventral disc plate, (j) dorsal arm plate, (k) dental plate, (l) centrodorsal plate and tubercle, (m) oral shield, (n) second ventral arm plate, (o) first ventral arm plate, (p–q) opposite faces of adradial genital plate, (r) abradial plate with arm comb articulations on the upper right, (s) tentacle scale, (t) arm spine.	FIGURE 7. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. paratype MNHN IE.2016.1376 (a) paired vertebrae, dorsal view, (b) paired vertebrae, lateral view, (c) vertebra, proximal view, (d) vertebra, distal view, (e) basal vertebra, proximal view, (f) lateral arm plate, ventral view, (g) lateral arm plate, lateral view, (h) oral plate, (i) ventral disc plate, (j) dorsal arm plate, (k) dental plate, (l) centrodorsal plate and tubercle, (m) oral shield, (n) second ventral arm plate, (o) first ventral arm plate, (p–q) opposite faces of adradial genital plate, (r) abradial plate with arm comb articulations on the upper right, (s) tentacle scale, (t) arm spine.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFCCA863FF1AA5195C75F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891303/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891303	FIGURE 13. (a–h) Amphiophiura litvinovae sp. nov. MNHN IE.2016.1369 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base, (d) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view,, (f) ventral arm plate, (g) dorsal arm plate, (h) vertebra, distal view; (i–k) Ophiuroglypha sp NHMUK 2025.63 (i) dorsal, (j) ventral, (k) lateral arm base; (l–o) Ophiophrura sp NHMUK 2025.65 (l) dorsal, (m) ventral, (n) lateral mid-arm, (o) arm tip.	FIGURE 13. (a–h) Amphiophiura litvinovae sp. nov. MNHN IE.2016.1369 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base, (d) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view,, (f) ventral arm plate, (g) dorsal arm plate, (h) vertebra, distal view; (i–k) Ophiuroglypha sp NHMUK 2025.63 (i) dorsal, (j) ventral, (k) lateral arm base; (l–o) Ophiophrura sp NHMUK 2025.65 (l) dorsal, (m) ventral, (n) lateral mid-arm, (o) arm tip.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFC2A860FF1AA19D5CC8FA63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891283/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891283	FIGURE 8. Glaciacantha nizari sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.62 (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view, (g) lateral arm base; paratype MV F321040 (c) ventral view, (d) dorsal view, (e) whole animal, (f) distal arm segments showing hooked dorsal arm spines; paratype MV F321040 (h) vertebra distal view, (i) arm spine (broken at tip), (j) proximal lateral arm plate exterior view, (k) proximal lateral arm plate interior view, (l) distal lateral arm plate exterior view, (m) ventral arm plate.	FIGURE 8. Glaciacantha nizari sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.62 (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view, (g) lateral arm base; paratype MV F321040 (c) ventral view, (d) dorsal view, (e) whole animal, (f) distal arm segments showing hooked dorsal arm spines; paratype MV F321040 (h) vertebra distal view, (i) arm spine (broken at tip), (j) proximal lateral arm plate exterior view, (k) proximal lateral arm plate interior view, (l) distal lateral arm plate exterior view, (m) ventral arm plate.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFC2A860FF1AA19D5CC8FA63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891265/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891265	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFC0A867FF1AA6895BF9F847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891289/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891289	FIGURE 9. Ophioplinthus abyssorum MNHN IE.2023.4002 (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view, (c) arm base, lateral view; MNHN IE.2016.1373 (d) SEM lateral arm plate, external view, (e) lateral arm plate, distal view, (f) lateral arm plate, internal view, (g) adradial genital plate, ventral and dorsal view, (h) abradial genital plate, ventral and dorsal view, (i) dental plate, (j) oral plate, interradial and radial views, (k) radial shield.	FIGURE 9. Ophioplinthus abyssorum MNHN IE.2023.4002 (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view, (c) arm base, lateral view; MNHN IE.2016.1373 (d) SEM lateral arm plate, external view, (e) lateral arm plate, distal view, (f) lateral arm plate, internal view, (g) adradial genital plate, ventral and dorsal view, (h) abradial genital plate, ventral and dorsal view, (i) dental plate, (j) oral plate, interradial and radial views, (k) radial shield.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFC0A867FF1AA6895BF9F847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891279/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891279	FIGURE 6. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4001 (a) dorsal view, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) dorsolateral view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ship-board photo of MD208 catch CP4914, with the species: Oh = Ophiopyrgus hainesae, Oa = Ophioplinthus abyssorum, Om = Ophiomyces delata, Sw = Stegophiura waltersi.	FIGURE 6. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4001 (a) dorsal view, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) dorsolateral view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ship-board photo of MD208 catch CP4914, with the species: Oh = Ophiopyrgus hainesae, Oa = Ophioplinthus abyssorum, Om = Ophiomyces delata, Sw = Stegophiura waltersi.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFC5A85BFF1AA3F05A32FD7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891295/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891295	FIGURE 10. Ophiuroglypha atlantis sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.64 (a) Dorsal view, (b) Ventral view, (c) arm, lateral view; paratype MV F321045, proximal vertebra from (d) proximal, (e) distal, and (f) ventral views, (g) ventral arm plate from mid arm, (h–j) lateral arm plate, from (h) lateral, (i) distal views, and (j) closeup of arm spine articulations, (k) basal ventral arm plate, and (l) arm spine.	FIGURE 10. Ophiuroglypha atlantis sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.64 (a) Dorsal view, (b) Ventral view, (c) arm, lateral view; paratype MV F321045, proximal vertebra from (d) proximal, (e) distal, and (f) ventral views, (g) ventral arm plate from mid arm, (h–j) lateral arm plate, from (h) lateral, (i) distal views, and (j) closeup of arm spine articulations, (k) basal ventral arm plate, and (l) arm spine.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFC5A85BFF1AA3F05A32FD7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891303/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891303	FIGURE 13. (a–h) Amphiophiura litvinovae sp. nov. MNHN IE.2016.1369 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base, (d) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view,, (f) ventral arm plate, (g) dorsal arm plate, (h) vertebra, distal view; (i–k) Ophiuroglypha sp NHMUK 2025.63 (i) dorsal, (j) ventral, (k) lateral arm base; (l–o) Ophiophrura sp NHMUK 2025.65 (l) dorsal, (m) ventral, (n) lateral mid-arm, (o) arm tip.	FIGURE 13. (a–h) Amphiophiura litvinovae sp. nov. MNHN IE.2016.1369 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base, (d) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view,, (f) ventral arm plate, (g) dorsal arm plate, (h) vertebra, distal view; (i–k) Ophiuroglypha sp NHMUK 2025.63 (i) dorsal, (j) ventral, (k) lateral arm base; (l–o) Ophiophrura sp NHMUK 2025.65 (l) dorsal, (m) ventral, (n) lateral mid-arm, (o) arm tip.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFBA85FFF1AA1B15A6FFE2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891297/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891297	FIGURE 11. Stegophiura waltersi sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4069 (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view, (c) dorsal arm tips, (d) arm base, lateral view; paratype MNHN IE.2016.1375 (e) two jaws, lateral view (SEM), (f) arm, dorsal view (SEM), (g) arm, lateral view (SEM, some arm spines missing), (h) ventral disc (SEM), (i) arm, ventral view (SEM).	FIGURE 11. Stegophiura waltersi sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4069 (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view, (c) dorsal arm tips, (d) arm base, lateral view; paratype MNHN IE.2016.1375 (e) two jaws, lateral view (SEM), (f) arm, dorsal view (SEM), (g) arm, lateral view (SEM, some arm spines missing), (h) ventral disc (SEM), (i) arm, ventral view (SEM).	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFBA85FFF1AA1B15A6FFE2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891301/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891301	FIGURE 12. Stegophiura waltersi sp. nov. paratype MNHN IE.2016.1375 (a) vertebra, proximal view, (b) vertebra, distal view, (c) vertebra, proximal view, (d) vertebra, ventral view, (e) lateral arm plate, distal view, (f) lateral arm plate, lateral view, (g) oral plate, interradial view, (h) oral plate, radial view, (i) dental plate, (j) dorsal arm plate, (k) ventral arm plate, (l) tentacle scale, (m) arm spine, (n–o) opposite faces of adradial genital plate, (p) abradial plate, (q) radial shield, (r) centrodorsal plate.	FIGURE 12. Stegophiura waltersi sp. nov. paratype MNHN IE.2016.1375 (a) vertebra, proximal view, (b) vertebra, distal view, (c) vertebra, proximal view, (d) vertebra, ventral view, (e) lateral arm plate, distal view, (f) lateral arm plate, lateral view, (g) oral plate, interradial view, (h) oral plate, radial view, (i) dental plate, (j) dorsal arm plate, (k) ventral arm plate, (l) tentacle scale, (m) arm spine, (n–o) opposite faces of adradial genital plate, (p) abradial plate, (q) radial shield, (r) centrodorsal plate.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFBA85FFF1AA1B15A6FFE2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891279/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891279	FIGURE 6. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4001 (a) dorsal view, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) dorsolateral view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ship-board photo of MD208 catch CP4914, with the species: Oh = Ophiopyrgus hainesae, Oa = Ophioplinthus abyssorum, Om = Ophiomyces delata, Sw = Stegophiura waltersi.	FIGURE 6. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4001 (a) dorsal view, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) dorsolateral view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ship-board photo of MD208 catch CP4914, with the species: Oh = Ophiopyrgus hainesae, Oa = Ophioplinthus abyssorum, Om = Ophiomyces delata, Sw = Stegophiura waltersi.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFBA85FFF1AA1B15A6FFE2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891265/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891265	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFFA85EFF1AA10D5C4FFF2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891319	FIGURE 19. Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.32 (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) Lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) ventral arm plate, (d) arm spines, (e) disc spines, (f) proximal vertebra distal view; Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1377 (g) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (h) Lateral arm plate, interior view, (i) arm spine (j) ventral arm plate, (k) proximal vertebra distal view,.	FIGURE 19. Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.32 (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) Lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) ventral arm plate, (d) arm spines, (e) disc spines, (f) proximal vertebra distal view; Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1377 (g) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (h) Lateral arm plate, interior view, (i) arm spine (j) ventral arm plate, (k) proximal vertebra distal view,.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFFA85EFF1AA10D5C4FFF2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891323	FIGURE 21. (a–c) Ophiolimna gyrei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.43 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm; (d–f) paratype NHMUK 2025.44 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm tip. (g–h) Ophiocypris cf tuberculosus MNHN IE.2016.1365 (g) dorsal disc, (h) ventral disc. (i) Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1372, ventral disc (some abrasion damage on proximal jaws).	FIGURE 21. (a–c) Ophiolimna gyrei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.43 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm; (d–f) paratype NHMUK 2025.44 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm tip. (g–h) Ophiocypris cf tuberculosus MNHN IE.2016.1365 (g) dorsal disc, (h) ventral disc. (i) Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1372, ventral disc (some abrasion damage on proximal jaws).	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFFA85EFF1AA10D5C4FFF2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891279/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891279	FIGURE 6. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4001 (a) dorsal view, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) dorsolateral view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ship-board photo of MD208 catch CP4914, with the species: Oh = Ophiopyrgus hainesae, Oa = Ophioplinthus abyssorum, Om = Ophiomyces delata, Sw = Stegophiura waltersi.	FIGURE 6. Ophiopyrgus hainesae sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2023.4001 (a) dorsal view, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) arm base, lateral view, (d) dorsolateral view, (e) ventral view. (f) Ship-board photo of MD208 catch CP4914, with the species: Oh = Ophiopyrgus hainesae, Oa = Ophioplinthus abyssorum, Om = Ophiomyces delata, Sw = Stegophiura waltersi.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFEA85EFF1AA2095DC0F971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891265/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891265	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFFCA853FF1AA5125DEDFB5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891307/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891307	FIGURE 14. (a–d) Ophiectodia enopla NHMUK 2025.38 (a) dorsal, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) ventral, (d) lateral view of arm base; (e–g) NHMUK 2025.37 (e) dorsal, (f) ventral view, (g) lateral view of arm base; (h–k) Ophiectodia melvillei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.40 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base, inset (k) dorsal disc spines; (l–n) Ophiectodia cf melvillei NHMUK 2025.41 (l) dorsal, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 14. (a–d) Ophiectodia enopla NHMUK 2025.38 (a) dorsal, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) ventral, (d) lateral view of arm base; (e–g) NHMUK 2025.37 (e) dorsal, (f) ventral view, (g) lateral view of arm base; (h–k) Ophiectodia melvillei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.40 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base, inset (k) dorsal disc spines; (l–n) Ophiectodia cf melvillei NHMUK 2025.41 (l) dorsal, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF3A850FF1AA7955A1AFA63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891307/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891307	FIGURE 14. (a–d) Ophiectodia enopla NHMUK 2025.38 (a) dorsal, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) ventral, (d) lateral view of arm base; (e–g) NHMUK 2025.37 (e) dorsal, (f) ventral view, (g) lateral view of arm base; (h–k) Ophiectodia melvillei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.40 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base, inset (k) dorsal disc spines; (l–n) Ophiectodia cf melvillei NHMUK 2025.41 (l) dorsal, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 14. (a–d) Ophiectodia enopla NHMUK 2025.38 (a) dorsal, (b) dorsal view enlarged, (c) ventral, (d) lateral view of arm base; (e–g) NHMUK 2025.37 (e) dorsal, (f) ventral view, (g) lateral view of arm base; (h–k) Ophiectodia melvillei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.40 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base, inset (k) dorsal disc spines; (l–n) Ophiectodia cf melvillei NHMUK 2025.41 (l) dorsal, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF3A850FF1AA7955A1AFA63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891309/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891309	FIGURE 15. Ophiectodia melvillei sp. nov. paratype NHMUK 2025.39 (a) lateral arm plate, proximolateral view, (b) inset of arm spine articulations, (c) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (d) lateral arm plate, interior view, (e–f) proximal vertebra in (e) pair in ventral view, (f) dorso-distal view, (g) proximal view, (h) distal view, (i) ventrodistal view, (j) oral plate, radial view (k) oral plate, interradial view, (l) dental plate (broken), (m) proximal ventral arm plate, (n) ventral arm plate from the middle of the arm, (o) genital plate, (p) ventral arm spine, (q) middle arm spine (tip broken), (r) dorsal arm plate.	FIGURE 15. Ophiectodia melvillei sp. nov. paratype NHMUK 2025.39 (a) lateral arm plate, proximolateral view, (b) inset of arm spine articulations, (c) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (d) lateral arm plate, interior view, (e–f) proximal vertebra in (e) pair in ventral view, (f) dorso-distal view, (g) proximal view, (h) distal view, (i) ventrodistal view, (j) oral plate, radial view (k) oral plate, interradial view, (l) dental plate (broken), (m) proximal ventral arm plate, (n) ventral arm plate from the middle of the arm, (o) genital plate, (p) ventral arm spine, (q) middle arm spine (tip broken), (r) dorsal arm plate.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF0A857FF1AA6895B47FDC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891311/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891311	FIGURE 16. (a–c) Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.33 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base. (d–g) Ophiacantha exilis MNHN IE.2016.1370 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) lateral view of arm base, (g) lateral view of arm tip. (h–j) Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.50 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base. (k–n) Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.34 (k) dorsal, (l) disc spines, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 16. (a–c) Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.33 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base. (d–g) Ophiacantha exilis MNHN IE.2016.1370 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) lateral view of arm base, (g) lateral view of arm tip. (h–j) Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.50 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base. (k–n) Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.34 (k) dorsal, (l) disc spines, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF7A857FF1AA1E95AA0F89F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891311/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891311	FIGURE 16. (a–c) Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.33 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base. (d–g) Ophiacantha exilis MNHN IE.2016.1370 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) lateral view of arm base, (g) lateral view of arm tip. (h–j) Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.50 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base. (k–n) Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.34 (k) dorsal, (l) disc spines, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 16. (a–c) Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.33 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base. (d–g) Ophiacantha exilis MNHN IE.2016.1370 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) lateral view of arm base, (g) lateral view of arm tip. (h–j) Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.50 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base. (k–n) Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.34 (k) dorsal, (l) disc spines, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF7A857FF1AA1E95AA0F89F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891319/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891319	FIGURE 19. Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.32 (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) Lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) ventral arm plate, (d) arm spines, (e) disc spines, (f) proximal vertebra distal view; Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1377 (g) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (h) Lateral arm plate, interior view, (i) arm spine (j) ventral arm plate, (k) proximal vertebra distal view,.	FIGURE 19. Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.32 (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) Lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) ventral arm plate, (d) arm spines, (e) disc spines, (f) proximal vertebra distal view; Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1377 (g) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (h) Lateral arm plate, interior view, (i) arm spine (j) ventral arm plate, (k) proximal vertebra distal view,.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF7A857FF1AA1E95AA0F89F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891265/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891265	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF6A855FF1AA43D5C15FD0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891265/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891265	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF5A854FF1AA0255D02F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891311/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891311	FIGURE 16. (a–c) Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.33 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base. (d–g) Ophiacantha exilis MNHN IE.2016.1370 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) lateral view of arm base, (g) lateral view of arm tip. (h–j) Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.50 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base. (k–n) Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.34 (k) dorsal, (l) disc spines, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 16. (a–c) Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.33 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base. (d–g) Ophiacantha exilis MNHN IE.2016.1370 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) lateral view of arm base, (g) lateral view of arm tip. (h–j) Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.50 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base. (k–n) Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.34 (k) dorsal, (l) disc spines, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF5A854FF1AA0255D02F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891317/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891317	FIGURE 18. Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. paratype MV F321042 (a) dorsal arm plate, (b) ventral arm plate, (c) lateral arm plate, proximal view, (d) Lateral arm plate, lateral view, (e) lateral arm plate, ventrolateral view, (f) oral plate, separated into proximal and distal halves, (g) dental plate, (h) teeth, (i) proximal vertebra from distal angle, (j–l) middle arm vertebra from (j) dorsal, (k) proximal, (l) distal views, (m) genital scale, (n) central and smaller marginal disc spines, (o) tentacle scale, and (p) arm spines.	FIGURE 18. Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. paratype MV F321042 (a) dorsal arm plate, (b) ventral arm plate, (c) lateral arm plate, proximal view, (d) Lateral arm plate, lateral view, (e) lateral arm plate, ventrolateral view, (f) oral plate, separated into proximal and distal halves, (g) dental plate, (h) teeth, (i) proximal vertebra from distal angle, (j–l) middle arm vertebra from (j) dorsal, (k) proximal, (l) distal views, (m) genital scale, (n) central and smaller marginal disc spines, (o) tentacle scale, and (p) arm spines.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF4A848FF1AA5C55851FE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891311/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891311	FIGURE 16. (a–c) Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.33 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base. (d–g) Ophiacantha exilis MNHN IE.2016.1370 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) lateral view of arm base, (g) lateral view of arm tip. (h–j) Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.50 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base. (k–n) Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.34 (k) dorsal, (l) disc spines, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 16. (a–c) Ophiacantha metallacta NHMUK 2025.33 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base. (d–g) Ophiacantha exilis MNHN IE.2016.1370 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) lateral view of arm base, (g) lateral view of arm tip. (h–j) Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.50 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base. (k–n) Ophiacantha swio sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.34 (k) dorsal, (l) disc spines, (m) ventral, (n) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFF4A848FF1AA5C55851FE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891313/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891313	FIGURE 17. Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. paratype MV F321041 (a–d) proximal vertebra in (a) proximal, (b) distal, (c) dorsal, and (d) ventral views, (e) lateral arm plate, proximal view, (f) lateral arm plate, lateral view, (g) inset of arm spine articulations, (h) disc plates, (i) disc spines, (j) oral plate, (k) ventral arm plate, (l) abradial genital plate, (m) radial shield, (n) tentacle scale, and (o) arm spines.	FIGURE 17. Ophiosabine multifida sp. nov. paratype MV F321041 (a–d) proximal vertebra in (a) proximal, (b) distal, (c) dorsal, and (d) ventral views, (e) lateral arm plate, proximal view, (f) lateral arm plate, lateral view, (g) inset of arm spine articulations, (h) disc plates, (i) disc spines, (j) oral plate, (k) ventral arm plate, (l) abradial genital plate, (m) radial shield, (n) tentacle scale, and (o) arm spines.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFEFA84EFF1AA3F059AEFAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891323	FIGURE 21. (a–c) Ophiolimna gyrei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.43 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm; (d–f) paratype NHMUK 2025.44 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm tip. (g–h) Ophiocypris cf tuberculosus MNHN IE.2016.1365 (g) dorsal disc, (h) ventral disc. (i) Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1372, ventral disc (some abrasion damage on proximal jaws).	FIGURE 21. (a–c) Ophiolimna gyrei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.43 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm; (d–f) paratype NHMUK 2025.44 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm tip. (g–h) Ophiocypris cf tuberculosus MNHN IE.2016.1365 (g) dorsal disc, (h) ventral disc. (i) Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1372, ventral disc (some abrasion damage on proximal jaws).	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFEFA84EFF1AA3F059AEFAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891325/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891325	FIGURE 22. Ophiolimna gyrei sp. nov. paratype MV F321043 (a–c) lateral arm plate from (a) distal, (b) lateral and (c) dorsal views, (d) dorsal arm plate, (e) ventral arm plate, (f–i) proximal vertebra from (f) dorsal, (g) ventral, (h) proximal, (i) distal views, (j–l) oral plate from (j) interradial, (k) radial and (l) proximal views, (m) dental plate, (n) disc spines, (o) abradial genital plate, (p) radial shield, (q) adradial genital plate, (r) arm spines.	FIGURE 22. Ophiolimna gyrei sp. nov. paratype MV F321043 (a–c) lateral arm plate from (a) distal, (b) lateral and (c) dorsal views, (d) dorsal arm plate, (e) ventral arm plate, (f–i) proximal vertebra from (f) dorsal, (g) ventral, (h) proximal, (i) distal views, (j–l) oral plate from (j) interradial, (k) radial and (l) proximal views, (m) dental plate, (n) disc spines, (o) abradial genital plate, (p) radial shield, (q) adradial genital plate, (r) arm spines.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFEFA84EFF1AA3F059AEFAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891265/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891265	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the ophiuroid samples from JC066 and MD208 expeditions and comparative specimens. The phylogeny was created from 275 kb of nuclear DNA and 1431 bp of mitochondrial COI using RAxML v.8.1.20 47 GTRCAT model with 4 partitions (3 exon codon positions and COI) and converted to a chronogram using TreePLv1.0 and 11 fossil-based calibration points. Green samples are from Walters Shoal, blue samples from Coral, purple from Melville, and red samples from Atlantis Bank. Node labels are RAxML fast-bootstrap values (n=100). The tip labels are composed of the species name, sample code, bp of nuclear (415 genes) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA, geographic and depth distribution. Geographic codes:AN=Antarctic, AR=Arctic, AU=S Australia, EA=E Atlantic, EP=E Pacific, IN=Indian, IP=Indo-Pacific, NA=N Atlantic, NEP=NE Pacific, NWP=NW Pacific, NZ=New Zealand, SA=S Africa, SK=Kerguelen, SM=S America, WA=W Atlantic; depth codes: S=Shelf, B=Bathyal, A=Abyssal. (a) the orders Euryalida and Ophiurida, (b) Ophiacanthida and Ophioscolecida, (c) Amphilepidida and Ophioleucida.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFEDA843FF1AA22D58DEFE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891321/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891321	FIGURE 20. (a–c) Ophiolebes cf paulensis NHMUK 2025.42 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–f) Ophiosemnotes conferta NHMUK 2025.55 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm base.	FIGURE 20. (a–c) Ophiolebes cf paulensis NHMUK 2025.42 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–f) Ophiosemnotes conferta NHMUK 2025.55 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFE1A841FF1AA0F35C4AF887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891329/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891329	FIGURE 23. Breviturma cf. pusilla MNHN IE.2023.4165 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) whole body, (d) lateral arm base.	FIGURE 23. Breviturma cf. pusilla MNHN IE.2023.4165 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) whole body, (d) lateral arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFE1A841FF1AA3F059A8FD05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891321/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891321	FIGURE 20. (a–c) Ophiolebes cf paulensis NHMUK 2025.42 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–f) Ophiosemnotes conferta NHMUK 2025.55 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm base.	FIGURE 20. (a–c) Ophiolebes cf paulensis NHMUK 2025.42 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–f) Ophiosemnotes conferta NHMUK 2025.55 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFE0A847FF1AA43A5CDDFA63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891323/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891323	FIGURE 21. (a–c) Ophiolimna gyrei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.43 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm; (d–f) paratype NHMUK 2025.44 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm tip. (g–h) Ophiocypris cf tuberculosus MNHN IE.2016.1365 (g) dorsal disc, (h) ventral disc. (i) Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1372, ventral disc (some abrasion damage on proximal jaws).	FIGURE 21. (a–c) Ophiolimna gyrei sp. nov. holotype NHMUK 2025.43 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm; (d–f) paratype NHMUK 2025.44 (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) arm tip. (g–h) Ophiocypris cf tuberculosus MNHN IE.2016.1365 (g) dorsal disc, (h) ventral disc. (i) Ophiomyces grandis MNHN IE.2016.1372, ventral disc (some abrasion damage on proximal jaws).	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFE6A844FF1AA7A15D4CF98B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891333/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891333	FIGURE 24. (a–c) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.59: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm. (d–g) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062: (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) dorsal view of (dried) arm piece showing the thin perforated DAPs overlying the vertebrae, (g) ventral view of (dried) arm piece. (h) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, live colour (shipboard).	FIGURE 24. (a–c) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.59: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm. (d–g) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062: (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) dorsal view of (dried) arm piece showing the thin perforated DAPs overlying the vertebrae, (g) ventral view of (dried) arm piece. (h) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, live colour (shipboard).	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFE6A844FF1AA7A15D4CF98B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891335/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891335	FIGURE 25. (a–e) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) arm spine, (d) ventral arm plate, (e) vertebra, distal view; (f–j) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062, (f) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (g) lateral arm plate, interior view, (h) arm spine, (i) ventral arm plate, (j) vertebra, distal view; (k–n) Ophiomyxa tenuispina MNHN IE.2016.1344, (k) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (l) arm spine, (m) ventral arm plate, (n) vertebra, distal view; (o–s) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.60, (o) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (p) lateral arm plate, interior view, (q) arm spine, (r) ventral arm plate, (s) vertebra, distal view.	FIGURE 25. (a–e) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) arm spine, (d) ventral arm plate, (e) vertebra, distal view; (f–j) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062, (f) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (g) lateral arm plate, interior view, (h) arm spine, (i) ventral arm plate, (j) vertebra, distal view; (k–n) Ophiomyxa tenuispina MNHN IE.2016.1344, (k) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (l) arm spine, (m) ventral arm plate, (n) vertebra, distal view; (o–s) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.60, (o) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (p) lateral arm plate, interior view, (q) arm spine, (r) ventral arm plate, (s) vertebra, distal view.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFFE4A83AFF1AA5A158F3FE2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891335/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891335	FIGURE 25. (a–e) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) arm spine, (d) ventral arm plate, (e) vertebra, distal view; (f–j) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062, (f) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (g) lateral arm plate, interior view, (h) arm spine, (i) ventral arm plate, (j) vertebra, distal view; (k–n) Ophiomyxa tenuispina MNHN IE.2016.1344, (k) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (l) arm spine, (m) ventral arm plate, (n) vertebra, distal view; (o–s) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.60, (o) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (p) lateral arm plate, interior view, (q) arm spine, (r) ventral arm plate, (s) vertebra, distal view.	FIGURE 25. (a–e) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) arm spine, (d) ventral arm plate, (e) vertebra, distal view; (f–j) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062, (f) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (g) lateral arm plate, interior view, (h) arm spine, (i) ventral arm plate, (j) vertebra, distal view; (k–n) Ophiomyxa tenuispina MNHN IE.2016.1344, (k) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (l) arm spine, (m) ventral arm plate, (n) vertebra, distal view; (o–s) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.60, (o) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (p) lateral arm plate, interior view, (q) arm spine, (r) ventral arm plate, (s) vertebra, distal view.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF9AA83AFF1AA17D5B76F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891333/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891333	FIGURE 24. (a–c) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.59: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm. (d–g) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062: (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) dorsal view of (dried) arm piece showing the thin perforated DAPs overlying the vertebrae, (g) ventral view of (dried) arm piece. (h) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, live colour (shipboard).	FIGURE 24. (a–c) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.59: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm. (d–g) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062: (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) dorsal view of (dried) arm piece showing the thin perforated DAPs overlying the vertebrae, (g) ventral view of (dried) arm piece. (h) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, live colour (shipboard).	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF9AA83AFF1AA17D5B76F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891335/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891335	FIGURE 25. (a–e) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) arm spine, (d) ventral arm plate, (e) vertebra, distal view; (f–j) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062, (f) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (g) lateral arm plate, interior view, (h) arm spine, (i) ventral arm plate, (j) vertebra, distal view; (k–n) Ophiomyxa tenuispina MNHN IE.2016.1344, (k) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (l) arm spine, (m) ventral arm plate, (n) vertebra, distal view; (o–s) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.60, (o) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (p) lateral arm plate, interior view, (q) arm spine, (r) ventral arm plate, (s) vertebra, distal view.	FIGURE 25. (a–e) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) arm spine, (d) ventral arm plate, (e) vertebra, distal view; (f–j) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062, (f) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (g) lateral arm plate, interior view, (h) arm spine, (i) ventral arm plate, (j) vertebra, distal view; (k–n) Ophiomyxa tenuispina MNHN IE.2016.1344, (k) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (l) arm spine, (m) ventral arm plate, (n) vertebra, distal view; (o–s) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.60, (o) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (p) lateral arm plate, interior view, (q) arm spine, (r) ventral arm plate, (s) vertebra, distal view.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF9AA839FF1AA51D5A5EFD33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891333/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891333	FIGURE 24. (a–c) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.59: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm. (d–g) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062: (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) dorsal view of (dried) arm piece showing the thin perforated DAPs overlying the vertebrae, (g) ventral view of (dried) arm piece. (h) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, live colour (shipboard).	FIGURE 24. (a–c) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.59: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of mid arm. (d–g) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062: (d) dorsal, (e) ventral, (f) dorsal view of (dried) arm piece showing the thin perforated DAPs overlying the vertebrae, (g) ventral view of (dried) arm piece. (h) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, live colour (shipboard).	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF9AA839FF1AA51D5A5EFD33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891335/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891335	FIGURE 25. (a–e) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) arm spine, (d) ventral arm plate, (e) vertebra, distal view; (f–j) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062, (f) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (g) lateral arm plate, interior view, (h) arm spine, (i) ventral arm plate, (j) vertebra, distal view; (k–n) Ophiomyxa tenuispina MNHN IE.2016.1344, (k) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (l) arm spine, (m) ventral arm plate, (n) vertebra, distal view; (o–s) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.60, (o) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (p) lateral arm plate, interior view, (q) arm spine, (r) ventral arm plate, (s) vertebra, distal view.	FIGURE 25. (a–e) Ophiomyxa neglecta MNHN IE.2016.1343, (a) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (b) lateral arm plate, interior view, (c) arm spine, (d) ventral arm plate, (e) vertebra, distal view; (f–j) Ophiomyxa pedicula sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1062, (f) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (g) lateral arm plate, interior view, (h) arm spine, (i) ventral arm plate, (j) vertebra, distal view; (k–n) Ophiomyxa tenuispina MNHN IE.2016.1344, (k) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (l) arm spine, (m) ventral arm plate, (n) vertebra, distal view; (o–s) Ophiomyxa vivipara NHMUK 2025.60, (o) lateral arm plate, exterior view, (p) lateral arm plate, interior view, (q) arm spine, (r) ventral arm plate, (s) vertebra, distal view.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF9FA83EFF1AA5765D54FE2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891339/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891339	FIGURE 26. (a–c) Amphiura cf. glabra NHMUK 2025.20 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–g) Amphiura cf. natalensis NHMUK 2025.22 (d) basal lateral arm plate exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view, (f) vertebra ventrodistal view, (g) arm spine (tip broken); (h–j) Ophiactis abyssicola NHMUK 2025.56 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base; (k–m) Ophiactis plana NHMUK 2025.58 (k) dorsal, (l) ventral, (m) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 26. (a–c) Amphiura cf. glabra NHMUK 2025.20 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–g) Amphiura cf. natalensis NHMUK 2025.22 (d) basal lateral arm plate exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view, (f) vertebra ventrodistal view, (g) arm spine (tip broken); (h–j) Ophiactis abyssicola NHMUK 2025.56 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base; (k–m) Ophiactis plana NHMUK 2025.58 (k) dorsal, (l) ventral, (m) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF9EA83DFF1AA14558CAFF07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891339/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891339	FIGURE 26. (a–c) Amphiura cf. glabra NHMUK 2025.20 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–g) Amphiura cf. natalensis NHMUK 2025.22 (d) basal lateral arm plate exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view, (f) vertebra ventrodistal view, (g) arm spine (tip broken); (h–j) Ophiactis abyssicola NHMUK 2025.56 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base; (k–m) Ophiactis plana NHMUK 2025.58 (k) dorsal, (l) ventral, (m) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 26. (a–c) Amphiura cf. glabra NHMUK 2025.20 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–g) Amphiura cf. natalensis NHMUK 2025.22 (d) basal lateral arm plate exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view, (f) vertebra ventrodistal view, (g) arm spine (tip broken); (h–j) Ophiactis abyssicola NHMUK 2025.56 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base; (k–m) Ophiactis plana NHMUK 2025.58 (k) dorsal, (l) ventral, (m) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF9DA83DFF1AA2F558A8FA83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891339/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891339	FIGURE 26. (a–c) Amphiura cf. glabra NHMUK 2025.20 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–g) Amphiura cf. natalensis NHMUK 2025.22 (d) basal lateral arm plate exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view, (f) vertebra ventrodistal view, (g) arm spine (tip broken); (h–j) Ophiactis abyssicola NHMUK 2025.56 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base; (k–m) Ophiactis plana NHMUK 2025.58 (k) dorsal, (l) ventral, (m) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 26. (a–c) Amphiura cf. glabra NHMUK 2025.20 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–g) Amphiura cf. natalensis NHMUK 2025.22 (d) basal lateral arm plate exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view, (f) vertebra ventrodistal view, (g) arm spine (tip broken); (h–j) Ophiactis abyssicola NHMUK 2025.56 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base; (k–m) Ophiactis plana NHMUK 2025.58 (k) dorsal, (l) ventral, (m) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF93A832FF1AA4065875F96B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891339/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891339	FIGURE 26. (a–c) Amphiura cf. glabra NHMUK 2025.20 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–g) Amphiura cf. natalensis NHMUK 2025.22 (d) basal lateral arm plate exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view, (f) vertebra ventrodistal view, (g) arm spine (tip broken); (h–j) Ophiactis abyssicola NHMUK 2025.56 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base; (k–m) Ophiactis plana NHMUK 2025.58 (k) dorsal, (l) ventral, (m) lateral view of arm base.	FIGURE 26. (a–c) Amphiura cf. glabra NHMUK 2025.20 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) lateral view of arm base; (d–g) Amphiura cf. natalensis NHMUK 2025.22 (d) basal lateral arm plate exterior view, (e) lateral arm plate, interior view, (f) vertebra ventrodistal view, (g) arm spine (tip broken); (h–j) Ophiactis abyssicola NHMUK 2025.56 (h) dorsal, (i) ventral, (j) lateral view of arm base; (k–m) Ophiactis plana NHMUK 2025.58 (k) dorsal, (l) ventral, (m) lateral view of arm base.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
3724530AFF91A836FF1AA7CD5B0EFAAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17891343/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17891343	FIGURE 27. (a–d) Ophionereis (Ophiotriton) boucheti sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1342 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) whole body, (d) lateral view of arm base; (e–h) paratype MNHN IE.2023.4170 (e) exterior view of lateral arm plate, (f) interior view of lateral arm plate, (g) distal view of vertebra, (h) arm spine.	FIGURE 27. (a–d) Ophionereis (Ophiotriton) boucheti sp. nov. holotype MNHN IE.2016.1342 (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) whole body, (d) lateral view of arm base; (e–h) paratype MNHN IE.2023.4170 (e) exterior view of lateral arm plate, (f) interior view of lateral arm plate, (g) distal view of vertebra, (h) arm spine.	2025-11-10	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben		Zenodo	biologists	O’Hara, Timothy D.;Thuy, Ben			
