taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
361087A7FFCCFFAC55ABFDE35340CB44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450934/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450934	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFCCFFAC55ABFDE35340CB44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450938/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450938	FIGURE 3. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 08199 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a–e, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III, e, sigma I, f–f1, light microscopic images of ectosomal skeleton, f, overview showing aegogropila-type tangential skeleton, f1, detail showing rosettes of anisochelae I, sigmas, and anisochela II (arrow).	FIGURE 3. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 08199 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a–e, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III, e, sigma I, f–f1, light microscopic images of ectosomal skeleton, f, overview showing aegogropila-type tangential skeleton, f1, detail showing rosettes of anisochelae I, sigmas, and anisochela II (arrow).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFCCFFAC55ABFDE35340CB44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFC9FFB255ABF90750ABCDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450940/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450940	FIGURE 4. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01604 from Indonesia (with photo from slide of type specimen MHNG C12/4, fig. b), a, pseudo-ramose habitus, in reality encrusting a dead octocoral (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype MNG C12/4 from Ambon Bay, c–i, SEM images of spicules of ZMA 01604, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, robust sigma I, g1, thin form of sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxas of various sizes.	FIGURE 4. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01604 from Indonesia (with photo from slide of type specimen MHNG C12/4, fig. b), a, pseudo-ramose habitus, in reality encrusting a dead octocoral (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype MNG C12/4 from Ambon Bay, c–i, SEM images of spicules of ZMA 01604, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, robust sigma I, g1, thin form of sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxas of various sizes.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFC9FFB255ABF90750ABCDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450942/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450942	FIGURE 5. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01612 from Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting coral rubble (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in back view (compare with anisochelae II of M. (A.) sulevoidea), e, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), f, robust sigma I, g, sigma II, h, toxa.	FIGURE 5. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01612 from Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting coral rubble (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in back view (compare with anisochelae II of M. (A.) sulevoidea), e, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), f, robust sigma I, g, sigma II, h, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFC9FFB255ABF90750ABCDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450944/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450944	FIGURE 6. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 17254 from Oman (with photo from slide of ZMA Por. 17025 from Oman, fig. b), a, habitus, encrusting (arrow) a dead oyster shell (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 17025 from Oman, c–i, SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17254, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, robust anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III in front view (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, robust sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxa.	FIGURE 6. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 17254 from Oman (with photo from slide of ZMA Por. 17025 from Oman, fig. b), a, habitus, encrusting (arrow) a dead oyster shell (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 17025 from Oman, c–i, SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17254, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, robust anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III in front view (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, robust sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFC9FFB255ABF90750ABCDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFC9FFB255ABF90750ABCDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450948/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450948	FIGURE 7. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), approximate distribution of specimens studied (dark purple squares) and literature records (pale purple dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities. Question marks indicate uncertain literature records possibly concerning the similar species M. (Ae.) sulevoidea.	FIGURE 7. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), approximate distribution of specimens studied (dark purple squares) and literature records (pale purple dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities. Question marks indicate uncertain literature records possibly concerning the similar species M. (Ae.) sulevoidea.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFC9FFB255ABF90750ABCDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451028/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451028	FIGURE 38. Mycale (Carmia) lissochela Bergquist, 1965, ZMA Por. 09632 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus encrusting an octoral (dark color caused by discoloration from verongid collected simultaneously) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of the skeleton, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	FIGURE 38. Mycale (Carmia) lissochela Bergquist, 1965, ZMA Por. 09632 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus encrusting an octoral (dark color caused by discoloration from verongid collected simultaneously) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of the skeleton, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD7FFB355ABFEEF51D3CDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450952/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450952	FIGURE 8. Mycale (Aegogropila) aff. phillipensis (Dendy, 1896), ZMA Por. 13404 from the Seychelles, a, habitus, encrusting coral rubble, b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton, c–f, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, sigma I, f, sigma II.	FIGURE 8. Mycale (Aegogropila) aff. phillipensis (Dendy, 1896), ZMA Por. 13404 from the Seychelles, a, habitus, encrusting coral rubble, b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton, c–f, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, sigma I, f, sigma II.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD7FFB355ABFEEF51D3CDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD6FFB655ABFA85528DCC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450954/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450954	FIGURE 9. Mycale (Aegogropila) prognatha sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15822 from Mauritius, a, massively lobate habitus encrusting coral debris (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton including rosettes of anisochelae I, c, light microscopical view of cross section of choanosomal skeleton and spicules showing strong presence of algal tissue, d, light microscopical view of spicules, including anisochela II, numerous prognath anisochelae III, numerous sigmas II of smaller and larger sizes, and toxodragma.	FIGURE 9. Mycale (Aegogropila) prognatha sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15822 from Mauritius, a, massively lobate habitus encrusting coral debris (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton including rosettes of anisochelae I, c, light microscopical view of cross section of choanosomal skeleton and spicules showing strong presence of algal tissue, d, light microscopical view of spicules, including anisochela II, numerous prognath anisochelae III, numerous sigmas II of smaller and larger sizes, and toxodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD6FFB655ABFA85528DCC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450956/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450956	FIGURE 10. Mycale (Aegogropila) prognatha sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15822 from Mauritius, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochelae II showing size range of larger robust and smaller spicules, d, ‘prognath’ anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), d1, a range of shapes found in the ‘prognath’ anisochelae III, e, sigma I, f, size range of sigma II, g, size range of toxas, g1, size and shape range of toxodragmas.	FIGURE 10. Mycale (Aegogropila) prognatha sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15822 from Mauritius, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochelae II showing size range of larger robust and smaller spicules, d, ‘prognath’ anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), d1, a range of shapes found in the ‘prognath’ anisochelae III, e, sigma I, f, size range of sigma II, g, size range of toxas, g1, size and shape range of toxodragmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD6FFB655ABFA85528DCC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD3FFBA55ABFECB5455CA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450960/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450960	FIGURE 11. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), a–c, habitus (preserved) (scale bars 1 mm), a, ZMA Por. 01594 from Indonesia, b, ZMA Por. 09555 from Singapore, c, ZMA Por. 17808 from Kenya, d–e, light microscopic images of surface skeleton of ZMA Por. 09555 from Singapore, d, aegogropila-type of surface skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae I, e, enlarged view of surface skeleton with anisochelae I, II and III, sigmas and toxas.	FIGURE 11. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), a–c, habitus (preserved) (scale bars 1 mm), a, ZMA Por. 01594 from Indonesia, b, ZMA Por. 09555 from Singapore, c, ZMA Por. 17808 from Kenya, d–e, light microscopic images of surface skeleton of ZMA Por. 09555 from Singapore, d, aegogropila-type of surface skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae I, e, enlarged view of surface skeleton with anisochelae I, II and III, sigmas and toxas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD3FFBA55ABFECB5455CA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450962/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450962	FIGURE 12. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 01594 from Indonesia, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochelae II in lateral view showing characteristic duck-bill shape, c1, ditto in back view showing ‘guitar-shaped’ outline, c2, ditto in front view, d, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g, toxa.	FIGURE 12. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 01594 from Indonesia, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochelae II in lateral view showing characteristic duck-bill shape, c1, ditto in back view showing ‘guitar-shaped’ outline, c2, ditto in front view, d, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD3FFBA55ABFECB5455CA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD3FFBA55ABFECB5455CA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450964/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450964	FIGURE 13. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17808 from Kenya, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in lateral view, c, anisochelae II in lateral view, d, anisochela III, larger spicule in front view, d1, smaller spicule in lateral view (all anisochelae in same magnification), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g, toxa.	FIGURE 13. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17808 from Kenya, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in lateral view, c, anisochelae II in lateral view, d, anisochela III, larger spicule in front view, d1, smaller spicule in lateral view (all anisochelae in same magnification), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD3FFBA55ABFECB5455CA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450934/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450934	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD3FFBA55ABFECB5455CA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450968/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450968	FIGURE 14. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), approximate distribution of specimens studied (blackish green squares) and literature records (pale green dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities. Question marks indicate uncertain literature records possibly concerning the similar species M. (Ae.) orientalis (cf. above).	FIGURE 14. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), approximate distribution of specimens studied (blackish green squares) and literature records (pale green dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities. Question marks indicate uncertain literature records possibly concerning the similar species M. (Ae.) orientalis (cf. above).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFD3FFBA55ABFECB5455CA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450942/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450942	FIGURE 5. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01612 from Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting coral rubble (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in back view (compare with anisochelae II of M. (A.) sulevoidea), e, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), f, robust sigma I, g, sigma II, h, toxa.	FIGURE 5. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01612 from Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting coral rubble (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in back view (compare with anisochelae II of M. (A.) sulevoidea), e, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), f, robust sigma I, g, sigma II, h, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFDEFFBB55ABFF3250A7C967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450970/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450970	FIGURE 15. Mycale (Aegogropila) cavernosa Bergquist, 1965, holotype (fragment) USNM 23703 from Palau, a, habitus of fragment available to us (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, holotype and paratype in USNM (photo L.E. Becking), b, light microscopic view of ectosomal skeleton, c–h, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, d, anisochela I (not detected and mentioned by Bergquist (1965) but presumed to be proper), e, anisochela II in side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, e2, anisochela II in back view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma I, g1 thin sigma I, h, sigma II.	FIGURE 15. Mycale (Aegogropila) cavernosa Bergquist, 1965, holotype (fragment) USNM 23703 from Palau, a, habitus of fragment available to us (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, holotype and paratype in USNM (photo L.E. Becking), b, light microscopic view of ectosomal skeleton, c–h, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, d, anisochela I (not detected and mentioned by Bergquist (1965) but presumed to be proper), e, anisochela II in side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, e2, anisochela II in back view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma I, g1 thin sigma I, h, sigma II.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFDEFFBB55ABFF3250A7C967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFDEFFBB55ABFF3250A7C967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450964/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450964	FIGURE 13. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17808 from Kenya, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in lateral view, c, anisochelae II in lateral view, d, anisochela III, larger spicule in front view, d1, smaller spicule in lateral view (all anisochelae in same magnification), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g, toxa.	FIGURE 13. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17808 from Kenya, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in lateral view, c, anisochelae II in lateral view, d, anisochela III, larger spicule in front view, d1, smaller spicule in lateral view (all anisochelae in same magnification), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFDEFFBB55ABFF3250A7C967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450934/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450934	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFDBFFBF55ABFC545261CA6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450972/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450972	FIGURE 16. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Aegogropila) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 16. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Aegogropila) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFDBFFBF55ABFC545261CA6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451247	FIGURE 130. Global diversity and distribution of the genus Mycale based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 130. Global diversity and distribution of the genus Mycale based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE5FF8455ABFAA45269CDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450974/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450974	FIGURE 17. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911, habitus, a, RMNH Por. 9628 from reefs near Jeddah (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, the same preserved (scale bar = 1 cm), c, the same from above showing vent, d, ZMA Por. 16989 on deck freshly collected in the Gulf of Aqaba (photo Iris K̂tter).	FIGURE 17. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911, habitus, a, RMNH Por. 9628 from reefs near Jeddah (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, the same preserved (scale bar = 1 cm), c, the same from above showing vent, d, ZMA Por. 16989 on deck freshly collected in the Gulf of Aqaba (photo Iris K̂tter).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE5FF8455ABFAA45269CDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450978/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450978	FIGURE 18. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911, a–c, RMNH Por. 9628 from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, skeleton and spicules, a, light microscopic image of cross section of skeleton, b–c, SEM images of the spicules of the same, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, b2, details of trifid head of mycalostyle, c, sigma, d–e, ZMA Por. 10996 from Gulf of Aqaba, d, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), e, SEM image of mycalostyle, e1, detail of the same, f, holotype of Mycale euplectellioides Row, 1911, BMNH 12.2.1.58, light microscopic images of spicules, including sigmas and anisochelae.	FIGURE 18. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911, a–c, RMNH Por. 9628 from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, skeleton and spicules, a, light microscopic image of cross section of skeleton, b–c, SEM images of the spicules of the same, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, b2, details of trifid head of mycalostyle, c, sigma, d–e, ZMA Por. 10996 from Gulf of Aqaba, d, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), e, SEM image of mycalostyle, e1, detail of the same, f, holotype of Mycale euplectellioides Row, 1911, BMNH 12.2.1.58, light microscopic images of spicules, including sigmas and anisochelae.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE5FF8455ABFAA45269CDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450980/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450980	FIGURE 19. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911, ZMA Por. 19757 from the Egyptian Red Sea, a–b habitus, a, on deck (photo Tarek Temraz), b, preserved (scale bar = 1 cm), c, light microscopic view of skeletal fibre showing coring of mycalostyles and foreign material, d–e, SEM images of spicules, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, d2, various head shapes of mycalostyles, e, sigma.	FIGURE 19. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911, ZMA Por. 19757 from the Egyptian Red Sea, a–b habitus, a, on deck (photo Tarek Temraz), b, preserved (scale bar = 1 cm), c, light microscopic view of skeletal fibre showing coring of mycalostyles and foreign material, d–e, SEM images of spicules, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, d2, various head shapes of mycalostyles, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE5FF8455ABFAA45269CDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE5FF8455ABFAA45269CDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450934/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450934	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE5FF8455ABFAA45269CDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451004/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451004	FIGURE 28. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911 and M. (Ar.) regularis Wilson, 1925, approximate distribution of specimens studied (squares) and literature records (dots); blue = M. (Ar.) euplectellioides, red = M. (Ar.) regularis. Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 28. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911 and M. (Ar.) regularis Wilson, 1925, approximate distribution of specimens studied (squares) and literature records (dots); blue = M. (Ar.) euplectellioides, red = M. (Ar.) regularis. Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE1FF8955ABFEEF513CCCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450982/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450982	FIGURE 20. a–b, Preserved type specimens of Mycale fistulata Hentschel, 1911, ZMB 4398 (a) and Mycale fistulata var. macrochela Hentschel, 1911, ZMB 4399 (b) from Southwest Australia (both are considered junior synonyms of Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906) (photos N.J. de Voogd), c–g, Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, c–d, habitus of preserved specimens, c, ZMA Por. 13728 from the Seychelles (scale bar = 1 cm), d, ZMA Por. 12657 from the Seychelles (scale bar = 1 cm), e–g, light microscopic images of skeleton tracts (e and f) and rosette of anisochelae (g), e, ZMA Por. 13728 from the Seychelles, f–g, ZMA Por. 12657 from the Seychelles.	FIGURE 20. a–b, Preserved type specimens of Mycale fistulata Hentschel, 1911, ZMB 4398 (a) and Mycale fistulata var. macrochela Hentschel, 1911, ZMB 4399 (b) from Southwest Australia (both are considered junior synonyms of Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906) (photos N.J. de Voogd), c–g, Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, c–d, habitus of preserved specimens, c, ZMA Por. 13728 from the Seychelles (scale bar = 1 cm), d, ZMA Por. 12657 from the Seychelles (scale bar = 1 cm), e–g, light microscopic images of skeleton tracts (e and f) and rosette of anisochelae (g), e, ZMA Por. 13728 from the Seychelles, f–g, ZMA Por. 12657 from the Seychelles.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE1FF8955ABFEEF513CCCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450998/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450998	FIGURE 26. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, a, syntype of Mycale euplectellioides var. regularis Wilson, 1925, USNM 21273 (photo L.E. Becking), b,b1, light microscopic views of choanosomal skeleton showing thick spicule-filled fibre tracts, c, ZMA Por. 14515 from Indonesia, light microscopic view of rosette of anisochelae.	FIGURE 26. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, a, syntype of Mycale euplectellioides var. regularis Wilson, 1925, USNM 21273 (photo L.E. Becking), b,b1, light microscopic views of choanosomal skeleton showing thick spicule-filled fibre tracts, c, ZMA Por. 14515 from Indonesia, light microscopic view of rosette of anisochelae.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE1FF8955ABFEEF513CCCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450986/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450986	FIGURE 21. Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, ZMA Por. 12656 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela, d, sigma.	FIGURE 21. Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, ZMA Por. 12656 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela, d, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE1FF8955ABFEEF513CCCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450988/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450988	FIGURE 22. Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, ZMA Por. 01611 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, detailed view of surface crust, b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae, d, sigmas.	FIGURE 22. Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, ZMA Por. 01611 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, detailed view of surface crust, b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae, d, sigmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE1FF8955ABFEEF513CCCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFE1FF8955ABFEEF513CCCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450990/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450990	FIGURE 23. Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, approximate distribution of specimens studied (brown squares) and literature records (purple dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 23. Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, approximate distribution of specimens studied (brown squares) and literature records (purple dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFECFF8E55ABFDBF521AC8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450994/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450994	FIGURE 24. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, ZMA Por. 14515, a, habitus in situ in Indonesia (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, preserved fragment (scale bar 1 cm), c–e, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1 details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	FIGURE 24. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, ZMA Por. 14515, a, habitus in situ in Indonesia (photo B.W. Hoeksema), b, preserved fragment (scale bar 1 cm), c–e, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1 details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFECFF8E55ABFDBF521AC8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450988/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450988	FIGURE 22. Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, ZMA Por. 01611 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, detailed view of surface crust, b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae, d, sigmas.	FIGURE 22. Mycale (Arenochalina) imperfecta Baer, 1906, ZMA Por. 01611 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, detailed view of surface crust, b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae, d, sigmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFECFF8E55ABFDBF521AC8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450996/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450996	FIGURE 25. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, ZMA Por. 08883 from Indonesia, a, habitus on deck, b, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), c–e, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	FIGURE 25. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, ZMA Por. 08883 from Indonesia, a, habitus on deck, b, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), c–e, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFECFF8E55ABFDBF521AC8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451000/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451000	FIGURE 27. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, a–d, ZMA Por. 02906 from Indonesia, a, preserved fragment (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela, d, sigma, e, habitus in situ of RMNH Por. 3928 from Rajah Ampat, (West) Papua (photo W. Renema), f, habitus in situ of unregistered specimen from Papua New Guinea (photo M.C. Díaz).	FIGURE 27. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, a–d, ZMA Por. 02906 from Indonesia, a, preserved fragment (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela, d, sigma, e, habitus in situ of RMNH Por. 3928 from Rajah Ampat, (West) Papua (photo W. Renema), f, habitus in situ of unregistered specimen from Papua New Guinea (photo M.C. Díaz).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFECFF8E55ABFDBF521AC8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450998/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450998	FIGURE 26. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, a, syntype of Mycale euplectellioides var. regularis Wilson, 1925, USNM 21273 (photo L.E. Becking), b,b1, light microscopic views of choanosomal skeleton showing thick spicule-filled fibre tracts, c, ZMA Por. 14515 from Indonesia, light microscopic view of rosette of anisochelae.	FIGURE 26. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, a, syntype of Mycale euplectellioides var. regularis Wilson, 1925, USNM 21273 (photo L.E. Becking), b,b1, light microscopic views of choanosomal skeleton showing thick spicule-filled fibre tracts, c, ZMA Por. 14515 from Indonesia, light microscopic view of rosette of anisochelae.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFECFF8E55ABFDBF521AC8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFECFF8E55ABFDBF521AC8BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451004/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451004	FIGURE 28. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911 and M. (Ar.) regularis Wilson, 1925, approximate distribution of specimens studied (squares) and literature records (dots); blue = M. (Ar.) euplectellioides, red = M. (Ar.) regularis. Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 28. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911 and M. (Ar.) regularis Wilson, 1925, approximate distribution of specimens studied (squares) and literature records (dots); blue = M. (Ar.) euplectellioides, red = M. (Ar.) regularis. Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFEBFF9255ABFA5E5335CB8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451006/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451006	FIGURE 29. Mycale (Arenochalina) aff. tenuispiculata (Dendy, 1905), a–d, RMNH Por. 9145, specimens from Jordan part of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (photos Laura Rix), a–b, in situ on dead coral, b, in situ not collected and with scyphozoan polyps, c, ditto on deck, d, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), e–f, specimens from Jordan part of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (photos Iris K̂tter), e, ZMA Por. 16926 in situ among Acropora corals, f, ZMA Por. 16953 on deck, on Lobophyllia coral.	FIGURE 29. Mycale (Arenochalina) aff. tenuispiculata (Dendy, 1905), a–d, RMNH Por. 9145, specimens from Jordan part of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (photos Laura Rix), a–b, in situ on dead coral, b, in situ not collected and with scyphozoan polyps, c, ditto on deck, d, preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), e–f, specimens from Jordan part of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (photos Iris K̂tter), e, ZMA Por. 16926 in situ among Acropora corals, f, ZMA Por. 16953 on deck, on Lobophyllia coral.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFEBFF9255ABFA5E5335CB8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451008/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451008	FIGURE 30. Mycale (Arenochalina) aff. tenuispiculata (Dendy, 1905), a–d, RMNH Por. 9145 from the Gulf of Aqaba, a, light microscopic view of peripheral skeleton, b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, rare partially damaged anisochela, d, sigmas.	FIGURE 30. Mycale (Arenochalina) aff. tenuispiculata (Dendy, 1905), a–d, RMNH Por. 9145 from the Gulf of Aqaba, a, light microscopic view of peripheral skeleton, b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, rare partially damaged anisochela, d, sigmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFEBFF9255ABFA5E5335CB8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451010/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451010	FIGURE 31. Mycale (Arenochalina) aff. tenuispiculata (Dendy, 1905), ZMA Por. 14598 from Oman, a–c, habitus, a, in situ (scale bar = 1 cm) (photo R. Gómez), b, detail in situ of specimen not collected (photo R. Gómez), c, specimen on deck (photo R. Moolenbeek), d, light microscopic image of choanosomal skeleton showing thick spicule tracts and sandy tissue, e–g, SEM images of spicules, e, mycalostyle, e1 details of mycalostyle, f, anisochela, g, sigma.	FIGURE 31. Mycale (Arenochalina) aff. tenuispiculata (Dendy, 1905), ZMA Por. 14598 from Oman, a–c, habitus, a, in situ (scale bar = 1 cm) (photo R. Gómez), b, detail in situ of specimen not collected (photo R. Gómez), c, specimen on deck (photo R. Moolenbeek), d, light microscopic image of choanosomal skeleton showing thick spicule tracts and sandy tissue, e–g, SEM images of spicules, e, mycalostyle, e1 details of mycalostyle, f, anisochela, g, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFEBFF9255ABFA5E5335CB8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF6FF9555ABFEEF5223CC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451014/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451014	FIGURE 32. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Arenochalina) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 32. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Arenochalina) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF0FF9855ABFD405106CCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451016/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451016	FIGURE 33. Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09737 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section, b1, ditto twice enlarged, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, d1, ditto in side view, e, anisochela II, f, anisochelae III, g, sigma I, h, sigma II (both sigmas in same magnification).	FIGURE 33. Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09737 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section, b1, ditto twice enlarged, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, d1, ditto in side view, e, anisochela II, f, anisochelae III, g, sigma I, h, sigma II (both sigmas in same magnification).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF0FF9855ABFD405106CCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451018/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451018	FIGURE 34. Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., ZMA Por. 07966 (non-type) from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in front view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in front view, e, anisochelae III, f, sigma I, g, sigma II (both sigmas in same magnification), h, light microscopic view of surface showing thin tracts, rosette of anisochela I, sigmas, and a dense mass of filamentous cyanobacteria.	FIGURE 34. Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., ZMA Por. 07966 (non-type) from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in front view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in front view, e, anisochelae III, f, sigma I, g, sigma II (both sigmas in same magnification), h, light microscopic view of surface showing thin tracts, rosette of anisochela I, sigmas, and a dense mass of filamentous cyanobacteria.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF0FF9855ABFD405106CCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF0FF9855ABFD405106CCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451000/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451000	FIGURE 27. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, a–d, ZMA Por. 02906 from Indonesia, a, preserved fragment (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela, d, sigma, e, habitus in situ of RMNH Por. 3928 from Rajah Ampat, (West) Papua (photo W. Renema), f, habitus in situ of unregistered specimen from Papua New Guinea (photo M.C. Díaz).	FIGURE 27. Mycale (Arenochalina) regularis Wilson, 1925, a–d, ZMA Por. 02906 from Indonesia, a, preserved fragment (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, SEM images of the spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela, d, sigma, e, habitus in situ of RMNH Por. 3928 from Rajah Ampat, (West) Papua (photo W. Renema), f, habitus in situ of unregistered specimen from Papua New Guinea (photo M.C. Díaz).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF0FF9855ABFD405106CCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451004/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451004	FIGURE 28. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911 and M. (Ar.) regularis Wilson, 1925, approximate distribution of specimens studied (squares) and literature records (dots); blue = M. (Ar.) euplectellioides, red = M. (Ar.) regularis. Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 28. Mycale (Arenochalina) euplectellioides Row, 1911 and M. (Ar.) regularis Wilson, 1925, approximate distribution of specimens studied (squares) and literature records (dots); blue = M. (Ar.) euplectellioides, red = M. (Ar.) regularis. Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFDFF9A55ABFE5B5187C968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451020/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451020	FIGURE 35. Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16645 from Indonesia, a, overview of dead Fungia fragments bearing the specimen, b, detail of the same showing brown crusts (arrows) between the septae of the Fungia fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), c, light microscopic view of the spicules including the fusiform trichodragmas, d, light microscopic view of thick bundles of trichodragmas.	FIGURE 35. Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16645 from Indonesia, a, overview of dead Fungia fragments bearing the specimen, b, detail of the same showing brown crusts (arrows) between the septae of the Fungia fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), c, light microscopic view of the spicules including the fusiform trichodragmas, d, light microscopic view of thick bundles of trichodragmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFDFF9A55ABFE5B5187C968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451024/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451024	FIGURE 36. Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16645 from Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, sigma, e, fusiform trichodragma, e1, detail of fusiform trichodragma, f, bundled fusiform trichodragmas.	FIGURE 36. Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 16645 from Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, sigma, e, fusiform trichodragma, e1, detail of fusiform trichodragma, f, bundled fusiform trichodragmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFDFF9A55ABFE5B5187C968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFFFF9B55ABFB6B546DCACB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451026/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451026	FIGURE 37. Mycale (Carmia) lissochela Bergquist, 1965, holotype USNM 23702 from the Palau Islands, a, habitus (photo L.E. Becking), b, light microscopic view of a section of the skeleton, showing wispy spicule tracts, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, detail of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, c, sigma.	FIGURE 37. Mycale (Carmia) lissochela Bergquist, 1965, holotype USNM 23702 from the Palau Islands, a, habitus (photo L.E. Becking), b, light microscopic view of a section of the skeleton, showing wispy spicule tracts, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, detail of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, c, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFFFF9B55ABFB6B546DCACB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451028/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451028	FIGURE 38. Mycale (Carmia) lissochela Bergquist, 1965, ZMA Por. 09632 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus encrusting an octoral (dark color caused by discoloration from verongid collected simultaneously) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of the skeleton, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	FIGURE 38. Mycale (Carmia) lissochela Bergquist, 1965, ZMA Por. 09632 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus encrusting an octoral (dark color caused by discoloration from verongid collected simultaneously) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of the skeleton, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFFFF9B55ABFB6B546DCACB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF9FF9F55ABF9C3509ACB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451030/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451030	FIGURE 39. Mycale (Carmia) monomicrosclera sp.nov., a–d, holotype RMNH Por. 7288 from Taiwan, a, habitus of preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of peripheral skeleton, c–d, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, ZMA Por. 08405 from Indonesia, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton.	FIGURE 39. Mycale (Carmia) monomicrosclera sp.nov., a–d, holotype RMNH Por. 7288 from Taiwan, a, habitus of preserved fragments (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of peripheral skeleton, c–d, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, ZMA Por. 08405 from Indonesia, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF9FF9F55ABF9C3509ACB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451034/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451034	FIGURE 40. Mycale (Carmia) monomicrosclera sp.nov., ZMA Por. 16354 from New Caledonia, a, habitus (dried) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton, c–d, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyles in various curvature conditions, c1, detail of mycalostyle, d, anisochelae in front view (left) and side view (right).	FIGURE 40. Mycale (Carmia) monomicrosclera sp.nov., ZMA Por. 16354 from New Caledonia, a, habitus (dried) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral skeleton, c–d, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyles in various curvature conditions, c1, detail of mycalostyle, d, anisochelae in front view (left) and side view (right).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF9FF9F55ABF9C3509ACB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451028/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451028	FIGURE 38. Mycale (Carmia) lissochela Bergquist, 1965, ZMA Por. 09632 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus encrusting an octoral (dark color caused by discoloration from verongid collected simultaneously) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of the skeleton, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	FIGURE 38. Mycale (Carmia) lissochela Bergquist, 1965, ZMA Por. 09632 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus encrusting an octoral (dark color caused by discoloration from verongid collected simultaneously) (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of the skeleton, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF9FF9F55ABF9C3509ACB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF9FF9F55ABF9C3509ACB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451016/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451016	FIGURE 33. Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09737 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section, b1, ditto twice enlarged, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, d1, ditto in side view, e, anisochela II, f, anisochelae III, g, sigma I, h, sigma II (both sigmas in same magnification).	FIGURE 33. Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09737 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section, b1, ditto twice enlarged, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, d1, ditto in side view, e, anisochela II, f, anisochelae III, g, sigma I, h, sigma II (both sigmas in same magnification).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFF9FF9F55ABF9C3509ACB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451018/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451018	FIGURE 34. Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., ZMA Por. 07966 (non-type) from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in front view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in front view, e, anisochelae III, f, sigma I, g, sigma II (both sigmas in same magnification), h, light microscopic view of surface showing thin tracts, rosette of anisochela I, sigmas, and a dense mass of filamentous cyanobacteria.	FIGURE 34. Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., ZMA Por. 07966 (non-type) from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in front view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in front view, e, anisochelae III, f, sigma I, g, sigma II (both sigmas in same magnification), h, light microscopic view of surface showing thin tracts, rosette of anisochela I, sigmas, and a dense mass of filamentous cyanobacteria.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFAFFE555ABF9FF51BECDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451036/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451036	FIGURE 41. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, RMNH Por. 6583 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus on mangrove roots (scale bar = 1 cm), b–e, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I, d, anisochela II (same magnification), e, sigma.	FIGURE 41. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, RMNH Por. 6583 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus on mangrove roots (scale bar = 1 cm), b–e, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I, d, anisochela II (same magnification), e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFAFFE555ABF9FF51BECDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451040/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451040	FIGURE 43. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, type specimens ZMB 4401 from SW Australia, growing on brown algae.	FIGURE 43. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, type specimens ZMB 4401 from SW Australia, growing on brown algae.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFAFFE555ABF9FF51BECDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451038/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451038	FIGURE 42. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, ZMA Por. 13100 from Indonesia, a–c, light microscopic views of skeleton and spicules, a, cross section of peripheral skeleton, b, detail of the same, showing brushed ending of skeletal tracts and spicule complement, c, microscleres including anisochela I and II (arrows).	FIGURE 42. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, ZMA Por. 13100 from Indonesia, a–c, light microscopic views of skeleton and spicules, a, cross section of peripheral skeleton, b, detail of the same, showing brushed ending of skeletal tracts and spicule complement, c, microscleres including anisochela I and II (arrows).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFAFFE555ABF9FF51BECDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFAFFE555ABF9FF51BECDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451046/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451046	FIGURE 44. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, SEM images of anisochelae I (upper row) and anisochelae II (lower row), to show variation in morphology in five different specimens, a, RMNH Por. 6583, b, ZMA Por. 01615, c, ZMA Por. 01614, d, ZMA Por. 08820, e, ZMA Por. 06523.	FIGURE 44. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, SEM images of anisochelae I (upper row) and anisochelae II (lower row), to show variation in morphology in five different specimens, a, RMNH Por. 6583, b, ZMA Por. 01615, c, ZMA Por. 01614, d, ZMA Por. 08820, e, ZMA Por. 06523.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFFAFFE555ABF9FF51BECDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451048/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451048	FIGURE 45. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, approximate distribution of specimens studied (black squares) and literature records (pink dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 45. Mycale (Carmia) phyllophila Hentschel, 1911, approximate distribution of specimens studied (black squares) and literature records (pink dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF80FFE555ABFEEF5382CABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451050/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451050	FIGURE 46. Mycale (Carmia) raphidiophora Hentschel, 1911, ZMA Por. 11176, from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus encrusting a bivalve shell (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, b1, ditto of choanosomal skeleton, c–i, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigmas I, h, sigma II, i, raphidotoxa, i1, details of ends and middle part of raphidotoxa.	FIGURE 46. Mycale (Carmia) raphidiophora Hentschel, 1911, ZMA Por. 11176, from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus encrusting a bivalve shell (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, b1, ditto of choanosomal skeleton, c–i, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigmas I, h, sigma II, i, raphidotoxa, i1, details of ends and middle part of raphidotoxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF80FFE555ABFEEF5382CABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF82FFE855ABFF325549C818.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451052/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451052	FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas.	FIGURE 47. Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa Hentschel, 1912, ZMA Por. 08838 from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus, thinly encrusting on limestone substratum (scale bar = 1 cm), b, cross section of peripheral skeleton showing spicule brushes and grainy interior, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, e1, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas grading into thin toxas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF82FFE855ABFF325549C818.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF8DFFEA55ABFAFB557FC8D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056	FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma.	FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF8DFFEA55ABFAFB557FC8D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF8FFFED55ABF9B7508FCEB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451058/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451058	FIGURE 49. Mycale (Carmia) tubiporicola sp.nov., in situ images at Komodo, Indonesia, a, whole specimen, b, detail showing sphincter-like pseudoscules (previously published as black & white images in Van Soest & Verseveldt 1987: figs 1–2).	FIGURE 49. Mycale (Carmia) tubiporicola sp.nov., in situ images at Komodo, Indonesia, a, whole specimen, b, detail showing sphincter-like pseudoscules (previously published as black & white images in Van Soest & Verseveldt 1987: figs 1–2).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF8FFFED55ABF9B7508FCEB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451060/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451060	FIGURE 50. Mycale (Carmia) tubiporicola sp.nov., a, holotype ZMA Por. 09621, photographed on deck, b, light microscopic image of skeleton and spicules, c, drawing of section of Tubipora tube enclosed in sponge tissue (reproduced from Van Soest & Verseveldt 1987, where additional information is provided).	FIGURE 50. Mycale (Carmia) tubiporicola sp.nov., a, holotype ZMA Por. 09621, photographed on deck, b, light microscopic image of skeleton and spicules, c, drawing of section of Tubipora tube enclosed in sponge tissue (reproduced from Van Soest & Verseveldt 1987, where additional information is provided).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF8FFFED55ABF9B7508FCEB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451062/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451062	FIGURE 51. Mycale (Carmia) tubiporicola sp.nov., a–c, SEM images of spicules made from paratype ZMA Por. 09820, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochelae, c, sigma.	FIGURE 51. Mycale (Carmia) tubiporicola sp.nov., a–c, SEM images of spicules made from paratype ZMA Por. 09820, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochelae, c, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF8FFFED55ABF9B7508FCEB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF8BFFF055ABFF325373CF75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451066/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451066	FIGURE 52. Mycale (Carmia) tydemani sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02886, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus encrusting hydroids (scale bar = 1cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, b1, ditto of cross section of entire sponge, c–k, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, g, sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxa, j, raphidotoxa, j1, details of raphidotoxa, k, trichodragma.	FIGURE 52. Mycale (Carmia) tydemani sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02886, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus encrusting hydroids (scale bar = 1cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, b1, ditto of cross section of entire sponge, c–k, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, g, sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxa, j, raphidotoxa, j1, details of raphidotoxa, k, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF8BFFF055ABFF325373CF75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF95FFF055ABFD2B5334C887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451068	FIGURE 53. Mycale (Carmia) cockburniana Hentschel, 1911, holotype ZMH S1665 (slide ZMB 4397), from WestAustralia, a, preserved habitus (scale = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton, c, label of type specimen ZMH S1665, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, anisochela I, f, anisochela II, g, sigma, h, trichodragma.	FIGURE 53. Mycale (Carmia) cockburniana Hentschel, 1911, holotype ZMH S1665 (slide ZMB 4397), from WestAustralia, a, preserved habitus (scale = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of skeleton, c, label of type specimen ZMH S1665, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, anisochela I, f, anisochela II, g, sigma, h, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF90FFF555ABFF32509ACF2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450956/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450956	FIGURE 10. Mycale (Aegogropila) prognatha sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15822 from Mauritius, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochelae II showing size range of larger robust and smaller spicules, d, ‘prognath’ anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), d1, a range of shapes found in the ‘prognath’ anisochelae III, e, sigma I, f, size range of sigma II, g, size range of toxas, g1, size and shape range of toxodragmas.	FIGURE 10. Mycale (Aegogropila) prognatha sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 15822 from Mauritius, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochelae II showing size range of larger robust and smaller spicules, d, ‘prognath’ anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), d1, a range of shapes found in the ‘prognath’ anisochelae III, e, sigma I, f, size range of sigma II, g, size range of toxas, g1, size and shape range of toxodragmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF90FFF655ABFD2C554FC972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451070/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451070	FIGURE 54. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Carmia) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 54. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Carmia) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF90FFF655ABFD2C554FC972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451247/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451247	FIGURE 130. Global diversity and distribution of the genus Mycale based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 130. Global diversity and distribution of the genus Mycale based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF92FFF755ABFBA054FFCAA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451074/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451074	FIGURE 55. Mycale (Grapelia) ancorina (Whitelegge, 1906), ZMA Por. 10908 (fragment of neotype AMS Z1440), a, habitus reproduced from Whitelegge (1906), b–e, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I, c1, reduced incipient anisochela I, d, anisochela II, d1, ditto enlarged, e, spurred anisochelae III in side and front view.	FIGURE 55. Mycale (Grapelia) ancorina (Whitelegge, 1906), ZMA Por. 10908 (fragment of neotype AMS Z1440), a, habitus reproduced from Whitelegge (1906), b–e, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I, c1, reduced incipient anisochela I, d, anisochela II, d1, ditto enlarged, e, spurred anisochelae III in side and front view.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF92FFF755ABFBA054FFCAA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF9DFFFA55ABF9D451F8C9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451078/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451078	FIGURE 56. Mycale (Grapelia) australis (Gray, 1867), ZMA Por. 10712, from Tasmania, S Australia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of subsurface skeleton and rosette of anisochelae I, c–f, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, e1, details of upper (left) and lower (right) alae of anisochela II, f, spurred anisochelae III.	FIGURE 56. Mycale (Grapelia) australis (Gray, 1867), ZMA Por. 10712, from Tasmania, S Australia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of subsurface skeleton and rosette of anisochelae I, c–f, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, e1, details of upper (left) and lower (right) alae of anisochela II, f, spurred anisochelae III.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF9DFFFA55ABF9D451F8C9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056	FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma.	FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF9DFFFA55ABF9D451F8C9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF9FFFFC55ABFAB35440CC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451080/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451080	FIGURE 57. Mycale (Grapelia) menylloides Hajdu, 1995, holotype ZMA Por. 01597, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae I, d, globular anisochela II, e, spurred anisochelae III, f, sigma.	FIGURE 57. Mycale (Grapelia) menylloides Hajdu, 1995, holotype ZMA Por. 01597, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae I, d, globular anisochela II, e, spurred anisochelae III, f, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF9FFFFC55ABFAB35440CC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF99FFFE55ABFECB5342CEB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451082/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451082	FIGURE 58. Mycale (Grapelia) vansoesti Hajdu, 1995, holotype ZMA Por. 10711, from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of subsurface skeleton and multiple rosettes of anisochelae I, c, light microscopic view of rosette of anisochelae II.	FIGURE 58. Mycale (Grapelia) vansoesti Hajdu, 1995, holotype ZMA Por. 10711, from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic view of subsurface skeleton and multiple rosettes of anisochelae I, c, light microscopic view of rosette of anisochelae II.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF99FFFE55ABFECB5342CEB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451084/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451084	FIGURE 59. Mycale (Grapelia) vansoesti Hajdu, 1995, holotype ZMA Por. 10711, from the Seychelles, a–e, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochelae I, b1, reduced incipient anisochela I, c, bipocilla-like anisochelae II with serrated upper and lower alae, c1, ditto with multiple-teethed lower alae, c2, detail of multi-teethed lower ala, d, spurred anisochelae III, e, sigma.	FIGURE 59. Mycale (Grapelia) vansoesti Hajdu, 1995, holotype ZMA Por. 10711, from the Seychelles, a–e, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochelae I, b1, reduced incipient anisochela I, c, bipocilla-like anisochelae II with serrated upper and lower alae, c1, ditto with multiple-teethed lower alae, c2, detail of multi-teethed lower ala, d, spurred anisochelae III, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF99FFFE55ABFECB5342CEB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF99FFFE55ABFECB5342CEB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450934/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450934	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF9AFFC155ABFD06521CCFE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451086/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451086	FIGURE 60. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Grapelia) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 60. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Grapelia) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA4FFC655ABFCE753CDCA14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451088/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451088	FIGURE 61. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), in situ and preserved images from Indonesia, a–b, ZMA Por. 14523, from Bunaken Island, N Sulawesi, (photos B.W. Hoeksema), c, RMNH Por. 2617 from SW Sulawesi (photo N.J. de Voogd), d, ZMA Por. 08953 from Bahuluang Island, Salayar, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm).	FIGURE 61. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), in situ and preserved images from Indonesia, a–b, ZMA Por. 14523, from Bunaken Island, N Sulawesi, (photos B.W. Hoeksema), c, RMNH Por. 2617 from SW Sulawesi (photo N.J. de Voogd), d, ZMA Por. 08953 from Bahuluang Island, Salayar, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA4FFC655ABFCE753CDCA14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451094/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451094	FIGURE 63. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), ZMA Por. 08564, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–g, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae I, d, anisochelae II, e, sigma, f, toxodragma, f1, individual toxa, g, trichodragma.	FIGURE 63. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), ZMA Por. 08564, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–g, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae I, d, anisochelae II, e, sigma, f, toxodragma, f1, individual toxa, g, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA4FFC655ABFCE753CDCA14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451092/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451092	FIGURE 62. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), a–d, light microscopic images from histological slides of the holotype of Biemna humilis, ZMB 3203, from Ternate, Indonesia, a, algal strand encrusted by skeletal tracts and microscleres, b, detail of a, c, massed presence of toxodragmas in the tissue, d, microscleres, including sigmas, toxodragmas, anisochelae I (arrow I) and anisochelae II (arrow II), e–f, light microscopic images of ZMA Por. 16382 from Ambon, Indonesia, e, skeletal structure of algal strands and interconnecting spicule tracts, f, detail of e.	FIGURE 62. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), a–d, light microscopic images from histological slides of the holotype of Biemna humilis, ZMB 3203, from Ternate, Indonesia, a, algal strand encrusted by skeletal tracts and microscleres, b, detail of a, c, massed presence of toxodragmas in the tissue, d, microscleres, including sigmas, toxodragmas, anisochelae I (arrow I) and anisochelae II (arrow II), e–f, light microscopic images of ZMA Por. 16382 from Ambon, Indonesia, e, skeletal structure of algal strands and interconnecting spicule tracts, f, detail of e.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA4FFC655ABFCE753CDCA14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA4FFC655ABFCE753CDCA14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451096/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451096	FIGURE 64. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), approximate distribution of specimens studied (green squares) and literature records (pale green dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 64. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), approximate distribution of specimens studied (green squares) and literature records (pale green dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA2FFC955ABFF3253A0C9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451098/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451098	FIGURE 65. Mycale (Kerasemna) tenuityla (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982a), a–c, holotype MSNG 46937 from Heron Island, NE Australia, a, habitus of small fragment available to us (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, habitus holotype reproduced from Pulitzer-Finali’s fig. 17, b–c, light microscopic images of slide made from the holotype fragment, b, overview of skeleton with spongin encased spicule tracts, c, groundmass of toxodragmas and sigmas.	FIGURE 65. Mycale (Kerasemna) tenuityla (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982a), a–c, holotype MSNG 46937 from Heron Island, NE Australia, a, habitus of small fragment available to us (scale bar = 1 cm), a1, habitus holotype reproduced from Pulitzer-Finali’s fig. 17, b–c, light microscopic images of slide made from the holotype fragment, b, overview of skeleton with spongin encased spicule tracts, c, groundmass of toxodragmas and sigmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA2FFC955ABFF3253A0C9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA2FFC955ABFF3253A0C9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451100/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451100	FIGURE 66. Mycale (Kerasemna) tenuityla (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982a), a–e, RMNH Por. 8328 from Mayotte, a, habitus in situ (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, sigma, d1, detail of sigma apex showing spines, e, toxodragma, e1, detail of centre of toxodragma.	FIGURE 66. Mycale (Kerasemna) tenuityla (Pulitzer-Finali, 1982a), a–e, RMNH Por. 8328 from Mayotte, a, habitus in situ (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, sigma, d1, detail of sigma apex showing spines, e, toxodragma, e1, detail of centre of toxodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA2FFC955ABFF3253A0C9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451102/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451102	FIGURE 67. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Kerasemna) based on data provided in our study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007). Question marks indicate uncertain records (cf. text).	FIGURE 67. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Kerasemna) based on data provided in our study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007). Question marks indicate uncertain records (cf. text).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFAFFFCD55ABFB485245CCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451104/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451104	FIGURE 68. Mycale (Mycale) asigmata sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09321, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, ectosomal skeleton, c, small cluster (pseudorosette) of anisochelae I, d, a string of pseudorosettes along a subectosomal skeletal tract, e, a cluster of trichodragma I, f. clusters of tiny trichodragmas II (arrows).	FIGURE 68. Mycale (Mycale) asigmata sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09321, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, ectosomal skeleton, c, small cluster (pseudorosette) of anisochelae I, d, a string of pseudorosettes along a subectosomal skeletal tract, e, a cluster of trichodragma I, f. clusters of tiny trichodragmas II (arrows).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFAFFFCD55ABFB485245CCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451106/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451106	FIGURE 69. Mycale (Mycale) asigmata sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09321, from Indonesia, a–g, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I with characteristic broadly extended upper and lower alae, c, anisochela II in front view, d, anisochelae III in front and side view, e, large trichodragma, f, small middle sized trichodragma, g, tiny (micro-)trichodragma.	FIGURE 69. Mycale (Mycale) asigmata sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 09321, from Indonesia, a–g, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I with characteristic broadly extended upper and lower alae, c, anisochela II in front view, d, anisochelae III in front and side view, e, large trichodragma, f, small middle sized trichodragma, g, tiny (micro-)trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFAFFFCD55ABFB485245CCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA8FFD355ABFE5B5349CEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451108/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451108	FIGURE 70. Mycale (Mycale) crassissima (Dendy, 1905), a, RMNH Por. 1835 from Bali, Indonesia, habitus in situ (photo N.J. de Voogd), a1, RMNH Por. 11766 habitus of tidal zone specimen from Taiwan, b–d, RMNH Por. 2538 from Singapore, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral choanosomal skeleton, c, tangential ectosomal skeleton, d, crowded trichodragmas in peripheral skeleton.	FIGURE 70. Mycale (Mycale) crassissima (Dendy, 1905), a, RMNH Por. 1835 from Bali, Indonesia, habitus in situ (photo N.J. de Voogd), a1, RMNH Por. 11766 habitus of tidal zone specimen from Taiwan, b–d, RMNH Por. 2538 from Singapore, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral choanosomal skeleton, c, tangential ectosomal skeleton, d, crowded trichodragmas in peripheral skeleton.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA8FFD355ABFE5B5349CEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA8FFD355ABFE5B5349CEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451110/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451110	FIGURE 71. Mycale (Mycale) crassissima (Dendy, 1905), RMNH Por. 1835 from Bali, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I, d, anisochela II, e, anisochela III, f, sigma I, g, sigma II, h, trichodragma.	FIGURE 71. Mycale (Mycale) crassissima (Dendy, 1905), RMNH Por. 1835 from Bali, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I, d, anisochela II, e, anisochela III, f, sigma I, g, sigma II, h, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA8FFD355ABFE5B5349CEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451112/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451112	FIGURE 72. Mycale (Mycale) crassissima (Dendy, 1905), SEM images of anisochelae of various specimens showing variability of shapes. Registration numbers of specimens are indicated below each image (cf. Material examined section in the text for locality of the specimens). Please note that some images showing different shapes may be from the same specimen. First row, anisochelae I with rounded lower ends, second row, anisochelae I with pointed lower ends, third row anisochelae II, fourth row anisochelae III.	FIGURE 72. Mycale (Mycale) crassissima (Dendy, 1905), SEM images of anisochelae of various specimens showing variability of shapes. Registration numbers of specimens are indicated below each image (cf. Material examined section in the text for locality of the specimens). Please note that some images showing different shapes may be from the same specimen. First row, anisochelae I with rounded lower ends, second row, anisochelae I with pointed lower ends, third row anisochelae II, fourth row anisochelae III.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFA8FFD355ABFE5B5349CEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451114/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451114	FIGURE 73. Mycale (Mycale) crassissima (Dendy, 1905), approximate distribution of specimens studied (dark blue squares) and literature records (pale blue dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 73. Mycale (Mycale) crassissima (Dendy, 1905), approximate distribution of specimens studied (dark blue squares) and literature records (pale blue dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFB6FFD855ABFADC5370C8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451116/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451116	FIGURE 74. Mycale (Mycale) dendyi (Row, 1911), habitus in situ (photos N.J. de Voogd), a, RMNH Por. 11767, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, b, RMNH Por. 5226, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, c, ditto, detail of surface.	FIGURE 74. Mycale (Mycale) dendyi (Row, 1911), habitus in situ (photos N.J. de Voogd), a, RMNH Por. 11767, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, b, RMNH Por. 5226, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, c, ditto, detail of surface.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFB6FFD855ABFADC5370C8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451118/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451118	FIGURE 75. Mycale (Mycale) dendyi (Row, 1911), RMNH Por. 2582 from Singapore, light microscopic images of the skeleton, a, cross section of choanosomal skeleton, b, tangential ectosomal skeleton, c, rosette of anisochela I and crowded trichodragmas, d, small rosettes.	FIGURE 75. Mycale (Mycale) dendyi (Row, 1911), RMNH Por. 2582 from Singapore, light microscopic images of the skeleton, a, cross section of choanosomal skeleton, b, tangential ectosomal skeleton, c, rosette of anisochela I and crowded trichodragmas, d, small rosettes.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFB6FFD855ABFADC5370C8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451120/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451120	FIGURE 76. Mycale (Mycale) dendyi (Row, 1911), ZMA Por. 15216, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I, d, anisochela II, e, anisochela III, e1, ditto enlarged to visualize indented lower alae, f, sigma I, g, large trichodragma, h, smaller trichodragmas.	FIGURE 76. Mycale (Mycale) dendyi (Row, 1911), ZMA Por. 15216, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I, d, anisochela II, e, anisochela III, e1, ditto enlarged to visualize indented lower alae, f, sigma I, g, large trichodragma, h, smaller trichodragmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFB6FFD855ABFADC5370C8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFB6FFD855ABFADC5370C8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451122/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451122	FIGURE 77. Mycale (Mycale) dendyi (Row, 1911), approximate distribution of specimens studied (black squares) and literature records (grey dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 77. Mycale (Mycale) dendyi (Row, 1911), approximate distribution of specimens studied (black squares) and literature records (grey dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFB6FFD855ABFADC5370C8F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451094/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451094	FIGURE 63. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), ZMA Por. 08564, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–g, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae I, d, anisochelae II, e, sigma, f, toxodragma, f1, individual toxa, g, trichodragma.	FIGURE 63. Mycale (Kerasemna) humilis (Thiele, 1903), ZMA Por. 08564, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–g, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochelae I, d, anisochelae II, e, sigma, f, toxodragma, f1, individual toxa, g, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFBCFF2055ABFF32515DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451124/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451124	FIGURE 78. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, a–f, habitus, a–d, in situ, a–b, RMNH Por. 11769, two specimens in situ from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (photos N.J. de Voogd), c, ZMA Por. 18837, from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), d, ZMA Por. 18727, from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), e, RMNH Por. 11769, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, on deck (photo N.J. de Voogd), f, holotype of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954, USNM 22937 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis), from Ailing-Lap-Lap Atoll, Micronesia (photo L.E. Becking), g, lectotype slide BMNH 1867.3.11.60, labeled ‘Esperia sp. Ind.Oc.’ made by Schmidt, 1864 named Mycale grandis by Gray, 1867.	FIGURE 78. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, a–f, habitus, a–d, in situ, a–b, RMNH Por. 11769, two specimens in situ from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (photos N.J. de Voogd), c, ZMA Por. 18837, from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), d, ZMA Por. 18727, from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), e, RMNH Por. 11769, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, on deck (photo N.J. de Voogd), f, holotype of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954, USNM 22937 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis), from Ailing-Lap-Lap Atoll, Micronesia (photo L.E. Becking), g, lectotype slide BMNH 1867.3.11.60, labeled ‘Esperia sp. Ind.Oc.’ made by Schmidt, 1864 named Mycale grandis by Gray, 1867.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFBCFF2055ABFF32515DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451128/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451128	FIGURE 80. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, ZMA Por. 11157 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus on coral fragment (arrow) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–j, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela Ia, d, anisochela Ib, e, anisochela II, e1, ditto enlarged, f, anisochela III, f1, ditto enlarged, g, sigma I, h, sigma II, i, long trichodragma, j, short trichodragma.	FIGURE 80. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, ZMA Por. 11157 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus on coral fragment (arrow) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–j, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela Ia, d, anisochela Ib, e, anisochela II, e1, ditto enlarged, f, anisochela III, f1, ditto enlarged, g, sigma I, h, sigma II, i, long trichodragma, j, short trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFBCFF2055ABFF32515DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451126	FIGURE 79. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, a–c, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 2896 from Singapore, a, tangential ectosomal skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral choanosomal skeleton, c, spicule tract ‘echinated’ by anisochelae I, d–k, ZMA Por. 07979 from Indonesia, SEM images of spicules, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, anisochela Ia, f, anisochela Ib, g, anisochela II, h, anisochela III, i, sigma I, j, sigma II, k, trichodragma.	FIGURE 79. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, a–c, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 2896 from Singapore, a, tangential ectosomal skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral choanosomal skeleton, c, spicule tract ‘echinated’ by anisochelae I, d–k, ZMA Por. 07979 from Indonesia, SEM images of spicules, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, anisochela Ia, f, anisochela Ib, g, anisochela II, h, anisochela III, i, sigma I, j, sigma II, k, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFBCFF2055ABFF32515DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFBCFF2055ABFF32515DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451131/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451131	FIGURE 81. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), color not known (except Fig. d) but presumed red, spicules from lectotype and junior synonyms, a–c, light microscopic images, a, anisochela I from lectotype slide BMNH 1867.3.11.60, labeled ‘Esperia sp. Ind.Oc.’ made by Schmidt, 1864 named Mycale grandis by Gray, 1867, b, anisochela I from holotype slide BMNH 1882.2.23.224 of Esperia pellucida Ridley, 1884 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis), c, anisochela I from holotype slide BMNH 1887.6.1.2 of Esperia indica Carter, 1887 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis) (a–c in same magnification), d–k, SEM images of spicules, d, anisochela I from fragment of holotype USNM 22937 of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis ‘red’), e–k, spicules made from fragment of holotype of Mycale armata Thiele, 1903, ZMB 3157, e, mycalostyle, f, anisochela I, g, anisochela II (not reported by Thiele), h, anisochela III (please note scale of figs g and h different from fig. f), i sigma I, j, sigma II, k, trichodragma.	FIGURE 81. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), color not known (except Fig. d) but presumed red, spicules from lectotype and junior synonyms, a–c, light microscopic images, a, anisochela I from lectotype slide BMNH 1867.3.11.60, labeled ‘Esperia sp. Ind.Oc.’ made by Schmidt, 1864 named Mycale grandis by Gray, 1867, b, anisochela I from holotype slide BMNH 1882.2.23.224 of Esperia pellucida Ridley, 1884 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis), c, anisochela I from holotype slide BMNH 1887.6.1.2 of Esperia indica Carter, 1887 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis) (a–c in same magnification), d–k, SEM images of spicules, d, anisochela I from fragment of holotype USNM 22937 of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis ‘red’), e–k, spicules made from fragment of holotype of Mycale armata Thiele, 1903, ZMB 3157, e, mycalostyle, f, anisochela I, g, anisochela II (not reported by Thiele), h, anisochela III (please note scale of figs g and h different from fig. f), i sigma I, j, sigma II, k, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FFBCFF2055ABFF32515DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451141/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451141	FIGURE 86. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867) s.l., approximate distribution of specimens studied (red and open squares) and literature records (pink dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities. Solid red squares = M. (M.) grandis ’red’, open squares = M. (M.) aff. grandis ‘white’.	FIGURE 86. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867) s.l., approximate distribution of specimens studied (red and open squares) and literature records (pink dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities. Solid red squares = M. (M.) grandis ’red’, open squares = M. (M.) aff. grandis ‘white’.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF45FF2655ABF9CD5123CC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451133/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451133	FIGURE 82. Mycale (Mycale) aff. grandis (Gray, 1867), white colored specimens, habitus in situ, a, ZMA Por. 14549 from N Sulawesi, Indonesia, b, detail of same, c, RMNH Por. 3699 from N Sulawesi, Indonesia, d, RMNH Por. 6595 from N Sulawesi, Indonesia, e, detail of same, f, ZMA Por. 18757 from Thailand.	FIGURE 82. Mycale (Mycale) aff. grandis (Gray, 1867), white colored specimens, habitus in situ, a, ZMA Por. 14549 from N Sulawesi, Indonesia, b, detail of same, c, RMNH Por. 3699 from N Sulawesi, Indonesia, d, RMNH Por. 6595 from N Sulawesi, Indonesia, e, detail of same, f, ZMA Por. 18757 from Thailand.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF45FF2655ABF9CD5123CC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451135/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451135	FIGURE 83. Mycale (Mycale) aff. grandis (Gray, 1867), white colored specimens, a, preserved habitus of ZMA Por. 14549 from N Sulawesi, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), b–e, light microscopic images of skeleton from ZMA Por. 08996 (b,e) and RMNH Por. 6595 (c–d) both from Indonesia, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, cross section of choanosomal skeleton, d, tangential ectosomal skeleton, e, peripheral skeletal tracts with ‘echinating’ anisochelae Ib.	FIGURE 83. Mycale (Mycale) aff. grandis (Gray, 1867), white colored specimens, a, preserved habitus of ZMA Por. 14549 from N Sulawesi, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), b–e, light microscopic images of skeleton from ZMA Por. 08996 (b,e) and RMNH Por. 6595 (c–d) both from Indonesia, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, cross section of choanosomal skeleton, d, tangential ectosomal skeleton, e, peripheral skeletal tracts with ‘echinating’ anisochelae Ib.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF45FF2655ABF9CD5123CC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451137/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451137	FIGURE 84. Mycale (Mycale) aff. grandis (Gray, 1867), white colored specimen, RMNH Por. 5434 from Ternate, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela Ia, d, anisochela II, d1, enlarged anisochela II, e, anisochela III, e1, enlarged anisochela III, f, sigma I, g, sigma II, h, trichodragma.	FIGURE 84. Mycale (Mycale) aff. grandis (Gray, 1867), white colored specimen, RMNH Por. 5434 from Ternate, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela Ia, d, anisochela II, d1, enlarged anisochela II, e, anisochela III, e1, enlarged anisochela III, f, sigma I, g, sigma II, h, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF45FF2655ABF9CD5123CC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF45FF2655ABF9CD5123CC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451139/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451139	FIGURE 85. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), comparison of anisochelae Ia to demonstrate similarity of red and white specimens. Upper row red specimens, lower row white specimens; at the upper right, anisochela I of holotype of Mycale armata Thiele, 1903, ZMB 3157 (= Mycale (M.) grandis) of which no live color is known, and the holotype of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954 (= Mycale (M.) grandis’red’).	FIGURE 85. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), comparison of anisochelae Ia to demonstrate similarity of red and white specimens. Upper row red specimens, lower row white specimens; at the upper right, anisochela I of holotype of Mycale armata Thiele, 1903, ZMB 3157 (= Mycale (M.) grandis) of which no live color is known, and the holotype of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954 (= Mycale (M.) grandis’red’).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF45FF2655ABF9CD5123CC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451141/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451141	FIGURE 86. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867) s.l., approximate distribution of specimens studied (red and open squares) and literature records (pink dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities. Solid red squares = M. (M.) grandis ’red’, open squares = M. (M.) aff. grandis ‘white’.	FIGURE 86. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867) s.l., approximate distribution of specimens studied (red and open squares) and literature records (pink dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities. Solid red squares = M. (M.) grandis ’red’, open squares = M. (M.) aff. grandis ‘white’.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF45FF2655ABF9CD5123CC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451126	FIGURE 79. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, a–c, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 2896 from Singapore, a, tangential ectosomal skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral choanosomal skeleton, c, spicule tract ‘echinated’ by anisochelae I, d–k, ZMA Por. 07979 from Indonesia, SEM images of spicules, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, anisochela Ia, f, anisochela Ib, g, anisochela II, h, anisochela III, i, sigma I, j, sigma II, k, trichodragma.	FIGURE 79. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, a–c, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 2896 from Singapore, a, tangential ectosomal skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral choanosomal skeleton, c, spicule tract ‘echinated’ by anisochelae I, d–k, ZMA Por. 07979 from Indonesia, SEM images of spicules, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, anisochela Ia, f, anisochela Ib, g, anisochela II, h, anisochela III, i, sigma I, j, sigma II, k, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF45FF2655ABF9CD5123CC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451128/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451128	FIGURE 80. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, ZMA Por. 11157 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus on coral fragment (arrow) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–j, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela Ia, d, anisochela Ib, e, anisochela II, e1, ditto enlarged, f, anisochela III, f1, ditto enlarged, g, sigma I, h, sigma II, i, long trichodragma, j, short trichodragma.	FIGURE 80. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, ZMA Por. 11157 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus on coral fragment (arrow) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–j, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela Ia, d, anisochela Ib, e, anisochela II, e1, ditto enlarged, f, anisochela III, f1, ditto enlarged, g, sigma I, h, sigma II, i, long trichodragma, j, short trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF43FF2855ABFCF452F7CF74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451143/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451143	FIGURE 87. Mycale (Mycale) grandoides sp.nov., a, preserved habitus of holotype ZMA Por. 02904, from Sapeh Strait, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved habitus of paratype ZMA Por. 01613, from the same region, c–d, light microscopic images of the skeleton of the holotype, c, cross section of peripheral skeleton, d, tangential ectosomal crust.	FIGURE 87. Mycale (Mycale) grandoides sp.nov., a, preserved habitus of holotype ZMA Por. 02904, from Sapeh Strait, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), b, preserved habitus of paratype ZMA Por. 01613, from the same region, c–d, light microscopic images of the skeleton of the holotype, c, cross section of peripheral skeleton, d, tangential ectosomal crust.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF43FF2855ABFCF452F7CF74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451145/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451145	FIGURE 88. Mycale (Mycale) grandoides sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02904, from Sapeh Strait, Indonesia, a–b, light microscopic images of anisochelae clusters, a, rosette-like cluster of anisochelae I, b, clusters of anisochelae II, c–i, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, compact globular anisochela II, f, spurred anisochela III (please note anisochelae not at same scale), g, sigma I, h, sigma II, i, trichodragma.	FIGURE 88. Mycale (Mycale) grandoides sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02904, from Sapeh Strait, Indonesia, a–b, light microscopic images of anisochelae clusters, a, rosette-like cluster of anisochelae I, b, clusters of anisochelae II, c–i, SEM images of the spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, compact globular anisochela II, f, spurred anisochela III (please note anisochelae not at same scale), g, sigma I, h, sigma II, i, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF43FF2855ABFCF452F7CF74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF4CFF2C55ABFF32535CCC9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451147/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451147	FIGURE 89. Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01603 from E of Sumbawa, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, tangential ectosomal skeleton, d, pseudorosettes of anisochelae I attached to peripheral skeletal tracts.	FIGURE 89. Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01603 from E of Sumbawa, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, tangential ectosomal skeleton, d, pseudorosettes of anisochelae I attached to peripheral skeletal tracts.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF4CFF2C55ABFF32535CCC9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451151/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451151	FIGURE 90. Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01603 from E of Sumbawa, Indonesia, a–h, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle I, a1, details of mycalostyle I, b, mycalostyle II, c, anisochela I, d, anisochela II, e, anisochela III (please note anisochelae not at same scale), f, sigma I, g, sigma II, h, smaller and larger trichodragmas.	FIGURE 90. Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01603 from E of Sumbawa, Indonesia, a–h, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle I, a1, details of mycalostyle I, b, mycalostyle II, c, anisochela I, d, anisochela II, e, anisochela III (please note anisochelae not at same scale), f, sigma I, g, sigma II, h, smaller and larger trichodragmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF4CFF2C55ABFF32535CCC9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF4CFF2C55ABFF32535CCC9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451153/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451153	FIGURE 91. Habitus fotos of Mycale specimens collected by the Murray Expedition from the Western Indian Ocean, a, Mycale massa var. oceanica sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Topsent), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., b, Mycale murrayi sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Ridley & Dendy, 1886), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., c, holotype of Mycale topsenti Burton, 1959.	FIGURE 91. Habitus fotos of Mycale specimens collected by the Murray Expedition from the Western Indian Ocean, a, Mycale massa var. oceanica sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Topsent), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., b, Mycale murrayi sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Ridley & Dendy, 1886), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., c, holotype of Mycale topsenti Burton, 1959.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF4AFF3155ABFF32526CCCE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451153/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451153	FIGURE 91. Habitus fotos of Mycale specimens collected by the Murray Expedition from the Western Indian Ocean, a, Mycale massa var. oceanica sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Topsent), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., b, Mycale murrayi sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Ridley & Dendy, 1886), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., c, holotype of Mycale topsenti Burton, 1959.	FIGURE 91. Habitus fotos of Mycale specimens collected by the Murray Expedition from the Western Indian Ocean, a, Mycale massa var. oceanica sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Topsent), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., b, Mycale murrayi sensu Burton, 1959 (not: Ridley & Dendy, 1886), reassigned to Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., c, holotype of Mycale topsenti Burton, 1959.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF4AFF3155ABFF32526CCCE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451157/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451157	FIGURE 92. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Mycale) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 92. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Mycale) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF57FF3655ABFE7F5510CA5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451161/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451161	FIGURE 93. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, habitus, a, RMNH Por. 1904 in situ, from Bali, Indonesia (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, ditto preserved, c, ZMA Por. 15126 preserved, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm).	FIGURE 93. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, habitus, a, RMNH Por. 1904 in situ, from Bali, Indonesia (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, ditto preserved, c, ZMA Por. 15126 preserved, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF57FF3655ABFE7F5510CA5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451163/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451163	FIGURE 94. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, RMNH Por. 1904 from Bali, Indonesia, skeleton and spicules, a–b, light microscopic images of the skeleton, a, aegogropila-type ectosomal skeleton, b, detail of a, showing a.o. flagellated sigmas, c–j, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochelae II showing slightly different sides, f, anisochela III (anisochela II and III at same scale), g, flagellated sigma Ib, h, normal sigma Ia, i, sigma II, j, toxas.	FIGURE 94. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, RMNH Por. 1904 from Bali, Indonesia, skeleton and spicules, a–b, light microscopic images of the skeleton, a, aegogropila-type ectosomal skeleton, b, detail of a, showing a.o. flagellated sigmas, c–j, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochelae II showing slightly different sides, f, anisochela III (anisochela II and III at same scale), g, flagellated sigma Ib, h, normal sigma Ia, i, sigma II, j, toxas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF57FF3655ABFE7F5510CA5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF57FF3655ABFE7F5510CA5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451165/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451165	FIGURE 95. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, ZMA Por. 08917a, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, SEM images of spicules (flagellated sigmas lacking), a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III (all anisochelae at same scale), e, normal sigmas Ia (sigmas Ib absent), f, sigma II, g, toxas.	FIGURE 95. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, ZMA Por. 08917a, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, SEM images of spicules (flagellated sigmas lacking), a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III (all anisochelae at same scale), e, normal sigmas Ia (sigmas Ib absent), f, sigma II, g, toxas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF57FF3655ABFE7F5510CA5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451167/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451167	FIGURE 96. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, approximate distribution of specimens studied (light blue squares) and literature records (pale blue dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 96. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, approximate distribution of specimens studied (light blue squares) and literature records (pale blue dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF52FF3955ABFF325148CE94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451169/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451169	FIGURE 97. Mycale (Naviculina) cliftoni (Gray, 1867), habitus and skeleton, a, ZMA Por. 12659, preserved encrustation on oyster shell, from Amirantes, Seychelles, b–c, ZMA Por. 11188, from Aride Island, Seychelles, b, habitus on deck of branched specimen, c, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton.	FIGURE 97. Mycale (Naviculina) cliftoni (Gray, 1867), habitus and skeleton, a, ZMA Por. 12659, preserved encrustation on oyster shell, from Amirantes, Seychelles, b–c, ZMA Por. 11188, from Aride Island, Seychelles, b, habitus on deck of branched specimen, c, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF52FF3955ABFF325148CE94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451171/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451171	FIGURE 98. Mycale (Naviculina) cliftoni (Gray, 1867), ZMA Por. 12659, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, naviculichelae I from front and side, c, naviculichelae II in various stages of closure (all naviculichelae same scale), d, sigma.	FIGURE 98. Mycale (Naviculina) cliftoni (Gray, 1867), ZMA Por. 12659, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, naviculichelae I from front and side, c, naviculichelae II in various stages of closure (all naviculichelae same scale), d, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF52FF3955ABFF325148CE94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF5CFF3B55ABFC7755F9CAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451173/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451173	FIGURE 99. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., habitus in situ, a, holotype RMNH Por. 11689 from Rodrigues, b, paratype RMNH Por. 11723, also from Rodrigues, c, detail of holotype showing punctate surface (photos N.J. de Voogd).	FIGURE 99. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., habitus in situ, a, holotype RMNH Por. 11689 from Rodrigues, b, paratype RMNH Por. 11723, also from Rodrigues, c, detail of holotype showing punctate surface (photos N.J. de Voogd).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF5CFF3B55ABFC7755F9CAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451175/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451175	FIGURE 100. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., habitus and skeleton of holotype RMNH Por. 11689, from Rodrigues, a, on deck, b, detail of preserved specimen (scale bar = 1 cm), c, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton showing intercrossing spicule tracts and rosettes of anisochelae I, d, details of skeleton with flagellated sigma, rosettes of anisochelae and scattered naviculichelae.	FIGURE 100. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., habitus and skeleton of holotype RMNH Por. 11689, from Rodrigues, a, on deck, b, detail of preserved specimen (scale bar = 1 cm), c, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton showing intercrossing spicule tracts and rosettes of anisochelae I, d, details of skeleton with flagellated sigma, rosettes of anisochelae and scattered naviculichelae.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF5CFF3B55ABFC7755F9CAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451179/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451179	FIGURE 101. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., SEM images of spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 11723, from Rodrigues, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochelae II, d, anisochela III (anisochela II and III same scale), e, flagellated sigmas.	FIGURE 101. Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., SEM images of spicules of holotype RMNH Por. 11723, from Rodrigues, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochelae II, d, anisochela III (anisochela II and III same scale), e, flagellated sigmas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF5CFF3B55ABFC7755F9CAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF5CFF3B55ABFC7755F9CAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451161/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451161	FIGURE 93. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, habitus, a, RMNH Por. 1904 in situ, from Bali, Indonesia (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, ditto preserved, c, ZMA Por. 15126 preserved, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm).	FIGURE 93. Mycale (Naviculina) cleistochela Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971, habitus, a, RMNH Por. 1904 in situ, from Bali, Indonesia (photo N.J. de Voogd), b, ditto preserved, c, ZMA Por. 15126 preserved, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF59FF0055ABF966532ECCB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451181/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451181	FIGURE 102. Mycale (Naviculina) obscura (Carter, 1882), preserved habitus (a–d) and skeleton (e–f), a, ZMA Por 13894 from Oman (scale bar = 1 cm), b, ZMA Por. 01602 from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), c, ZMA Por. 02888 from Timor Leste (scale bar = 1 cm), d, ZMA Por. 08912 from Take Bone Rate, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), e, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 13705 from the Seychelles, f, ditto of choanosomal skeleton.	FIGURE 102. Mycale (Naviculina) obscura (Carter, 1882), preserved habitus (a–d) and skeleton (e–f), a, ZMA Por 13894 from Oman (scale bar = 1 cm), b, ZMA Por. 01602 from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), c, ZMA Por. 02888 from Timor Leste (scale bar = 1 cm), d, ZMA Por. 08912 from Take Bone Rate, Indonesia (scale bar = 1 cm), e, light microscopic image of ectosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 13705 from the Seychelles, f, ditto of choanosomal skeleton.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF59FF0055ABF966532ECCB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451183/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451183	FIGURE 103. Mycale (Naviculina) obscura (Carter, 1882), SEM images of the spicules, a–f, ZMA Por. 01602 from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II front view, d, anisochela III dorsalside view (anisochela II and III at same scale), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g–i, ZMA Por. 02888 from Timor Leste, g, anisochela I, h, anisochelae II showing slightly different sides, i, anisochelae III.	FIGURE 103. Mycale (Naviculina) obscura (Carter, 1882), SEM images of the spicules, a–f, ZMA Por. 01602 from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II front view, d, anisochela III dorsalside view (anisochela II and III at same scale), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g–i, ZMA Por. 02888 from Timor Leste, g, anisochela I, h, anisochelae II showing slightly different sides, i, anisochelae III.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF59FF0055ABF966532ECCB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF65FF0255ABFE7F5378CCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451187/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451187	FIGURE 104. Mycale (Naviculina) microxea Vacelet, Vasseur & Lévi, 1976, fragments of the holotype MNHN DVVL 43, a, habit (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of skeleton and spicules, b, aegogropila-type of ectosomal skeleton, c, detail of b with large sigma and many naviculichelae, d, cluster of isolated microxeas, e–h, SEM images of spicules, e, mycalostyle, e1, details of mycalostyle, f, anisochelae (small naviculichelae) in side view, showing size variation g, sigmas, showing variation of shape and size, h, microxea.	FIGURE 104. Mycale (Naviculina) microxea Vacelet, Vasseur & Lévi, 1976, fragments of the holotype MNHN DVVL 43, a, habit (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of skeleton and spicules, b, aegogropila-type of ectosomal skeleton, c, detail of b with large sigma and many naviculichelae, d, cluster of isolated microxeas, e–h, SEM images of spicules, e, mycalostyle, e1, details of mycalostyle, f, anisochelae (small naviculichelae) in side view, showing size variation g, sigmas, showing variation of shape and size, h, microxea.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF65FF0255ABFE7F5378CCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF65FF0255ABFE7F5378CCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451183/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451183	FIGURE 103. Mycale (Naviculina) obscura (Carter, 1882), SEM images of the spicules, a–f, ZMA Por. 01602 from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II front view, d, anisochela III dorsalside view (anisochela II and III at same scale), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g–i, ZMA Por. 02888 from Timor Leste, g, anisochela I, h, anisochelae II showing slightly different sides, i, anisochelae III.	FIGURE 103. Mycale (Naviculina) obscura (Carter, 1882), SEM images of the spicules, a–f, ZMA Por. 01602 from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II front view, d, anisochela III dorsalside view (anisochela II and III at same scale), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g–i, ZMA Por. 02888 from Timor Leste, g, anisochela I, h, anisochelae II showing slightly different sides, i, anisochelae III.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF65FF0255ABFE7F5378CCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451189/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451189	FIGURE 105. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Naviculina) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007). Question marks concern the dubious status as a member the subgenus of the Arctic species Mycale thaumatochela Lundbeck, 1905.	FIGURE 105. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Naviculina) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007). Question marks concern the dubious status as a member the subgenus of the Arctic species Mycale thaumatochela Lundbeck, 1905.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF67FF0455ABF9D952A8CA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451191/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451191	FIGURE 106. Mycale (Oxymycale) klausjanusorum Van Soest, 2018, holotype ZMA Por. 09542 from Indonesia, a, habitus of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm) (cf. van Soest 2018 Fig. 1a), b, SEM image of cross section of peripheral skeleton, c–j, SEM images of spicules, c, larger stylote megasclere, c1, details of stylote, d, smaller oxeote megasclere, d1, details of smaller oxeote, e, anisochela I, f, anisochela II, g, anisochela III, h, sigma I, i, sigma II, j, trichodragma (all images copied from Van Soest 2018 figs 1–3) except Fig. 106b, which is newly made).	FIGURE 106. Mycale (Oxymycale) klausjanusorum Van Soest, 2018, holotype ZMA Por. 09542 from Indonesia, a, habitus of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm) (cf. van Soest 2018 Fig. 1a), b, SEM image of cross section of peripheral skeleton, c–j, SEM images of spicules, c, larger stylote megasclere, c1, details of stylote, d, smaller oxeote megasclere, d1, details of smaller oxeote, e, anisochela I, f, anisochela II, g, anisochela III, h, sigma I, i, sigma II, j, trichodragma (all images copied from Van Soest 2018 figs 1–3) except Fig. 106b, which is newly made).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF67FF0455ABF9D952A8CA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF67FF0455ABF9D952A8CA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451124/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451124	FIGURE 78. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, a–f, habitus, a–d, in situ, a–b, RMNH Por. 11769, two specimens in situ from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (photos N.J. de Voogd), c, ZMA Por. 18837, from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), d, ZMA Por. 18727, from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), e, RMNH Por. 11769, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, on deck (photo N.J. de Voogd), f, holotype of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954, USNM 22937 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis), from Ailing-Lap-Lap Atoll, Micronesia (photo L.E. Becking), g, lectotype slide BMNH 1867.3.11.60, labeled ‘Esperia sp. Ind.Oc.’ made by Schmidt, 1864 named Mycale grandis by Gray, 1867.	FIGURE 78. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), red colored specimens, a–f, habitus, a–d, in situ, a–b, RMNH Por. 11769, two specimens in situ from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia (photos N.J. de Voogd), c, ZMA Por. 18837, from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), d, ZMA Por. 18727, from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), e, RMNH Por. 11769, from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, on deck (photo N.J. de Voogd), f, holotype of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954, USNM 22937 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis), from Ailing-Lap-Lap Atoll, Micronesia (photo L.E. Becking), g, lectotype slide BMNH 1867.3.11.60, labeled ‘Esperia sp. Ind.Oc.’ made by Schmidt, 1864 named Mycale grandis by Gray, 1867.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF67FF0455ABF9D952A8CA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451131/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451131	FIGURE 81. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), color not known (except Fig. d) but presumed red, spicules from lectotype and junior synonyms, a–c, light microscopic images, a, anisochela I from lectotype slide BMNH 1867.3.11.60, labeled ‘Esperia sp. Ind.Oc.’ made by Schmidt, 1864 named Mycale grandis by Gray, 1867, b, anisochela I from holotype slide BMNH 1882.2.23.224 of Esperia pellucida Ridley, 1884 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis), c, anisochela I from holotype slide BMNH 1887.6.1.2 of Esperia indica Carter, 1887 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis) (a–c in same magnification), d–k, SEM images of spicules, d, anisochela I from fragment of holotype USNM 22937 of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis ‘red’), e–k, spicules made from fragment of holotype of Mycale armata Thiele, 1903, ZMB 3157, e, mycalostyle, f, anisochela I, g, anisochela II (not reported by Thiele), h, anisochela III (please note scale of figs g and h different from fig. f), i sigma I, j, sigma II, k, trichodragma.	FIGURE 81. Mycale (Mycale) grandis (Gray, 1867), color not known (except Fig. d) but presumed red, spicules from lectotype and junior synonyms, a–c, light microscopic images, a, anisochela I from lectotype slide BMNH 1867.3.11.60, labeled ‘Esperia sp. Ind.Oc.’ made by Schmidt, 1864 named Mycale grandis by Gray, 1867, b, anisochela I from holotype slide BMNH 1882.2.23.224 of Esperia pellucida Ridley, 1884 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis), c, anisochela I from holotype slide BMNH 1887.6.1.2 of Esperia indica Carter, 1887 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis) (a–c in same magnification), d–k, SEM images of spicules, d, anisochela I from fragment of holotype USNM 22937 of Oxymycale strongylophora De Laubenfels, 1954 (= Mycale (Mycale) grandis ‘red’), e–k, spicules made from fragment of holotype of Mycale armata Thiele, 1903, ZMB 3157, e, mycalostyle, f, anisochela I, g, anisochela II (not reported by Thiele), h, anisochela III (please note scale of figs g and h different from fig. f), i sigma I, j, sigma II, k, trichodragma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF67FF0455ABF9D952A8CA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451193/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451193	FIGURE 107. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Oxymycale) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007). The question mark concerns the dubious status as a member the subgenus of M. (O.) renieroides (Schmidt, 1870.	FIGURE 107. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Oxymycale) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007). The question mark concerns the dubious status as a member the subgenus of M. (O.) renieroides (Schmidt, 1870.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF60FF0855ABFAED541DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451197/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451197	FIGURE 108. Mycale (Paresperella) moluccensis Thiele, 1903, a, preserved holotype ZMB 3151 from Ternate, Indonesia, a1–c, habitus and skeleton of ZMA Por. 12447 from Amirantes, Seychelles, a1, habitus of preserved sponge (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the choanosomal skeleton, c, light microscopic image of the ectosomal skeleton.	FIGURE 108. Mycale (Paresperella) moluccensis Thiele, 1903, a, preserved holotype ZMB 3151 from Ternate, Indonesia, a1–c, habitus and skeleton of ZMA Por. 12447 from Amirantes, Seychelles, a1, habitus of preserved sponge (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of the choanosomal skeleton, c, light microscopic image of the ectosomal skeleton.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF60FF0855ABFAED541DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF60FF0855ABFAED541DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451199/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451199	FIGURE 109. Mycale (Paresperella) moluccensis Thiele, 1903, ZMA Por. 12447 from Amirantes, Seychelles, SEM images of the spicules, a, cladostyle like mycalostyle, a1, details of the mycalostyle, a2–a6, variation in polyaxone ending of mycalostyles, a2, two-teethed, a3, one-toothed, a4, three-teethed, a5, multiple-teethed, a6, suppressed teeths, b, anisochela, c, serrated sigma, c1, detail of serrated sigma.	FIGURE 109. Mycale (Paresperella) moluccensis Thiele, 1903, ZMA Por. 12447 from Amirantes, Seychelles, SEM images of the spicules, a, cladostyle like mycalostyle, a1, details of the mycalostyle, a2–a6, variation in polyaxone ending of mycalostyles, a2, two-teethed, a3, one-toothed, a4, three-teethed, a5, multiple-teethed, a6, suppressed teeths, b, anisochela, c, serrated sigma, c1, detail of serrated sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF60FF0855ABFAED541DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450944/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450944	FIGURE 6. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 17254 from Oman (with photo from slide of ZMA Por. 17025 from Oman, fig. b), a, habitus, encrusting (arrow) a dead oyster shell (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 17025 from Oman, c–i, SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17254, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, robust anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III in front view (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, robust sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxa.	FIGURE 6. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 17254 from Oman (with photo from slide of ZMA Por. 17025 from Oman, fig. b), a, habitus, encrusting (arrow) a dead oyster shell (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton of ZMA Por. 17025 from Oman, c–i, SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17254, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, robust anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III in front view (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, robust sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF60FF0855ABFAED541DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450938/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450938	FIGURE 3. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 08199 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a–e, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III, e, sigma I, f–f1, light microscopic images of ectosomal skeleton, f, overview showing aegogropila-type tangential skeleton, f1, detail showing rosettes of anisochelae I, sigmas, and anisochela II (arrow).	FIGURE 3. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 08199 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a–e, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III, e, sigma I, f–f1, light microscopic images of ectosomal skeleton, f, overview showing aegogropila-type tangential skeleton, f1, detail showing rosettes of anisochelae I, sigmas, and anisochela II (arrow).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF60FF0855ABFAED541DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450934/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450934	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF60FF0855ABFAED541DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450940/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450940	FIGURE 4. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01604 from Indonesia (with photo from slide of type specimen MHNG C12/4, fig. b), a, pseudo-ramose habitus, in reality encrusting a dead octocoral (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype MNG C12/4 from Ambon Bay, c–i, SEM images of spicules of ZMA 01604, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, robust sigma I, g1, thin form of sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxas of various sizes.	FIGURE 4. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01604 from Indonesia (with photo from slide of type specimen MHNG C12/4, fig. b), a, pseudo-ramose habitus, in reality encrusting a dead octocoral (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical view of ectosomal skeleton of holotype MNG C12/4 from Ambon Bay, c–i, SEM images of spicules of ZMA 01604, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I in front view, e, anisochela II in front view, f, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, robust sigma I, g1, thin form of sigma I, h, sigma II, i, toxas of various sizes.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF60FF0855ABFAED541DC968.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450942/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450942	FIGURE 5. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01612 from Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting coral rubble (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in back view (compare with anisochelae II of M. (A.) sulevoidea), e, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), f, robust sigma I, g, sigma II, h, toxa.	FIGURE 5. Mycale (Aegogropila) orientalis (Topsent, 1897), ZMA Por. 01612 from Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting coral rubble (scale bar = 1 cm), b–h, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II in side view, d1, anisochela II in back view (compare with anisochelae II of M. (A.) sulevoidea), e, anisochela III in side view (all anisochelae in same magnification), f, robust sigma I, g, sigma II, h, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6DFF0955ABFB6B50A0CA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451201/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451201	FIGURE 110. Mycale (Paresperella) sceptroides sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01739, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical image of the ectosomal skeleton, c, light microscopical image of the spicules.	FIGURE 110. Mycale (Paresperella) sceptroides sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01739, from Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopical image of the ectosomal skeleton, c, light microscopical image of the spicules.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6DFF0955ABFB6B50A0CA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451205/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451205	FIGURE 111. Mycale (Paresperella) sceptroides sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01739, from Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, a2–a3, details of the polyaxone ending, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, serrated sigma, d1, detail of serrated sigma, e, toxa.	FIGURE 111. Mycale (Paresperella) sceptroides sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01739, from Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, a2–a3, details of the polyaxone ending, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, serrated sigma, d1, detail of serrated sigma, e, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6DFF0955ABFB6B50A0CA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6DFF0955ABFB6B50A0CA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450934/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450934	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	FIGURE 2. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 07864 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a, habitus encrusting on coral rubble (arrows) (scale bar = 1 cm), b–f, SEM images of spicules, b, mycalostyle, b1, details of mycalostyle, c, anisochela I in side view, d, anisochela II, d1, anisochela II enlarged, e, anisochela III, e1, anisochela III enlarged, f, sigma I.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6DFF0955ABFB6B50A0CA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450938/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450938	FIGURE 3. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 08199 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a–e, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III, e, sigma I, f–f1, light microscopic images of ectosomal skeleton, f, overview showing aegogropila-type tangential skeleton, f1, detail showing rosettes of anisochelae I, sigmas, and anisochela II (arrow).	FIGURE 3. Mycale (Aegogropila) gravelyi Burton, 1937, ZMA Por. 08199 from Ambon Bay, Indonesia, a–e, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in front view, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III, e, sigma I, f–f1, light microscopic images of ectosomal skeleton, f, overview showing aegogropila-type tangential skeleton, f1, detail showing rosettes of anisochelae I, sigmas, and anisochela II (arrow).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6EFF0D55ABFF32531FCDA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451207/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451207	FIGURE 112. Mycale (Paresperella) seychellensis sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 12658, from Amirantes, Seychelles, a–b, light microscopic images of the skeleton, a, ectosomal skeleton, b, detail showing megascleres, rosettes of anisochelae I, and various microscleres (including toxodragmas), c–g, SEM images of spicules, c, anisotylote megasclere, c1, details of the megasclere, d, anisochelae I in front view (left) and side view (right), e, anisochela II, f, serrated sigma, f1, detail of serrated sigma, g, toxa.	FIGURE 112. Mycale (Paresperella) seychellensis sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 12658, from Amirantes, Seychelles, a–b, light microscopic images of the skeleton, a, ectosomal skeleton, b, detail showing megascleres, rosettes of anisochelae I, and various microscleres (including toxodragmas), c–g, SEM images of spicules, c, anisotylote megasclere, c1, details of the megasclere, d, anisochelae I in front view (left) and side view (right), e, anisochela II, f, serrated sigma, f1, detail of serrated sigma, g, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6EFF0D55ABFF32531FCDA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF68FF0F55ABFBD4531CCDA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451209/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451209	FIGURE 113. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Paresperella) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 113. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Paresperella) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6AFF1055ABFF7A53C2CC70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451213/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451213	FIGURE 114. Mycale (Raphidotheca) coronata (Dendy, 1926), drawings of spicules and skeletal structure of the holotype IM P.308, copied from Burton’s (1928) text-figures 4 (left) and 5 (right). Text-fig. 4a ‘normal’ mycalostyle from the main skeleton, 4b–f, exotyle and details of the opposite endings with flattened bulbous upper ending showing bi-or polydentate structures and lower variously swollen or pointed endings. Text-fig. 5A cross section of peripheral skeleton with palisade of exotyles (a) erect on the tangential surface skeleton (b) which is carried by strong spicule tracts (c), 5B showing the microsclere complement of three size categories of anisochelae (a,b, and c) and two of sigmas (d and e) (trichodragmas are also present but not figured).	FIGURE 114. Mycale (Raphidotheca) coronata (Dendy, 1926), drawings of spicules and skeletal structure of the holotype IM P.308, copied from Burton’s (1928) text-figures 4 (left) and 5 (right). Text-fig. 4a ‘normal’ mycalostyle from the main skeleton, 4b–f, exotyle and details of the opposite endings with flattened bulbous upper ending showing bi-or polydentate structures and lower variously swollen or pointed endings. Text-fig. 5A cross section of peripheral skeleton with palisade of exotyles (a) erect on the tangential surface skeleton (b) which is carried by strong spicule tracts (c), 5B showing the microsclere complement of three size categories of anisochelae (a,b, and c) and two of sigmas (d and e) (trichodragmas are also present but not figured).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6AFF1055ABFF7A53C2CC70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451199/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451199	FIGURE 109. Mycale (Paresperella) moluccensis Thiele, 1903, ZMA Por. 12447 from Amirantes, Seychelles, SEM images of the spicules, a, cladostyle like mycalostyle, a1, details of the mycalostyle, a2–a6, variation in polyaxone ending of mycalostyles, a2, two-teethed, a3, one-toothed, a4, three-teethed, a5, multiple-teethed, a6, suppressed teeths, b, anisochela, c, serrated sigma, c1, detail of serrated sigma.	FIGURE 109. Mycale (Paresperella) moluccensis Thiele, 1903, ZMA Por. 12447 from Amirantes, Seychelles, SEM images of the spicules, a, cladostyle like mycalostyle, a1, details of the mycalostyle, a2–a6, variation in polyaxone ending of mycalostyles, a2, two-teethed, a3, one-toothed, a4, three-teethed, a5, multiple-teethed, a6, suppressed teeths, b, anisochela, c, serrated sigma, c1, detail of serrated sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6AFF1055ABFF7A53C2CC70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451205/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451205	FIGURE 111. Mycale (Paresperella) sceptroides sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01739, from Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, a2–a3, details of the polyaxone ending, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, serrated sigma, d1, detail of serrated sigma, e, toxa.	FIGURE 111. Mycale (Paresperella) sceptroides sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 01739, from Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, a2–a3, details of the polyaxone ending, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, serrated sigma, d1, detail of serrated sigma, e, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF6AFF1055ABFF7A53C2CC70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451215/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451215	FIGURE 115. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Rhaphidotheca) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 115. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Rhaphidotheca) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF75FF1755ABFA485204CFE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451217/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451217	FIGURE 116. Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), habitus in situ of various specimens, a–b, RMNH Por. 7288, erect specimen from Taiwan (scale bar in a = 1 cm) (Photo Yusheng Huang), c, ZMA Por. 18758, encrusting specimen from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), d, ZMA Por. 18694, semi-erect specimen from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), e, ZMA Por. 18853, repent specimen from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), f, ZMA Por. 18691, erect specimen from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn).	FIGURE 116. Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), habitus in situ of various specimens, a–b, RMNH Por. 7288, erect specimen from Taiwan (scale bar in a = 1 cm) (Photo Yusheng Huang), c, ZMA Por. 18758, encrusting specimen from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), d, ZMA Por. 18694, semi-erect specimen from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), e, ZMA Por. 18853, repent specimen from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn), f, ZMA Por. 18691, erect specimen from Thailand (photo Sumaitt Putchakarn).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF75FF1755ABFA485204CFE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450964/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450964	FIGURE 13. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17808 from Kenya, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in lateral view, c, anisochelae II in lateral view, d, anisochela III, larger spicule in front view, d1, smaller spicule in lateral view (all anisochelae in same magnification), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g, toxa.	FIGURE 13. Mycale (Aegogropila) sulevoidea (Sollas, 1902), SEM images of spicules of ZMA Por. 17808 from Kenya, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I in lateral view, c, anisochelae II in lateral view, d, anisochela III, larger spicule in front view, d1, smaller spicule in lateral view (all anisochelae in same magnification), e, sigma I, f, sigma II, g, toxa.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF75FF1755ABFA485204CFE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451219/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451219	FIGURE 117. Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), a, preserved habitus of RMNH Por. 2473 from Singapore (scale bar = 1 cm), b, on deck specimen ZMA Por. 17214 from SW coast of India (photo Anita George), c–d, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 2473 from Singapore, c, cross section of spinous outcrop showing strongly developed choanosomal skeleton, d, aegogropila-type ectosomal skeleton.	FIGURE 117. Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), a, preserved habitus of RMNH Por. 2473 from Singapore (scale bar = 1 cm), b, on deck specimen ZMA Por. 17214 from SW coast of India (photo Anita George), c–d, light microscopic images of skeleton of RMNH Por. 2473 from Singapore, c, cross section of spinous outcrop showing strongly developed choanosomal skeleton, d, aegogropila-type ectosomal skeleton.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF75FF1755ABFA485204CFE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451221/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451221	FIGURE 118. Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), RMNH Por. 2473 from Singapore, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III (all anisochelae at same scale), e, isochela, f, sigma I, g, sigma II, h, toxa and paucispicular toxodragma, i, raphides (usually arranged in thin trichodragmas).	FIGURE 118. Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), RMNH Por. 2473 from Singapore, SEM images of spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochela II, d, anisochela III (all anisochelae at same scale), e, isochela, f, sigma I, g, sigma II, h, toxa and paucispicular toxodragma, i, raphides (usually arranged in thin trichodragmas).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF75FF1755ABFA485204CFE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF75FF1755ABFA485204CFE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451223/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451223	FIGURE 119. Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), approximate distribution of specimens studied (dark blue squares) and literature records (pale blue dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	FIGURE 119. Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), approximate distribution of specimens studied (dark blue squares) and literature records (pale blue dots). Squares and dots may represent several close collecting localities.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF72FF1A55ABFB1D53D6CE94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451225/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451225	FIGURE 120. Mycale (Zygomycale) pectinicola Hentschel, 1911, syntype ZMB 4404, from Shark Bay, W Australia, specimens encrusting both upper (a) and lower (b) valves of Mimachlamys shells (photos N.J. de Voogd).	FIGURE 120. Mycale (Zygomycale) pectinicola Hentschel, 1911, syntype ZMB 4404, from Shark Bay, W Australia, specimens encrusting both upper (a) and lower (b) valves of Mimachlamys shells (photos N.J. de Voogd).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF72FF1A55ABFB1D53D6CE94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451227/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451227	FIGURE 121. Mycale (Zygomycale) pectinicola Hentschel, 1911, ZMA Por. 07634, from Bilitung, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral choanosomal skeleton, c–l, SEM images of the spciules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, g, isochela, h, sigma I, i, sigma II, j, toxas, k, raphide/microx, l, micracanthoxeas.	FIGURE 121. Mycale (Zygomycale) pectinicola Hentschel, 1911, ZMA Por. 07634, from Bilitung, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of peripheral choanosomal skeleton, c–l, SEM images of the spciules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, g, isochela, h, sigma I, i, sigma II, j, toxas, k, raphide/microx, l, micracanthoxeas.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF72FF1A55ABFB1D53D6CE94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF7FFF1D55ABFC685333CC6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451229/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451229	FIGURE 122. Mycale (Zygomycale) sibogae sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02901 from Aru Islands, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, detail of the same, d, detail of ectosomal skeleton showing irregular intercrossing spicule tracts, a rosette of anisochelae I and a cluster of toxodragmas (arrow).	FIGURE 122. Mycale (Zygomycale) sibogae sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02901 from Aru Islands, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, cross section of peripheral skeleton, c, detail of the same, d, detail of ectosomal skeleton showing irregular intercrossing spicule tracts, a rosette of anisochelae I and a cluster of toxodragmas (arrow).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF7FFF1D55ABFC685333CC6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451233/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451233	FIGURE 123. Mycale (Zygomycale) sibogae sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02901 from Aru Islands, Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochelae II, (both anisochelae at same scale), d, isochelae, e, larger sigma, f, smaller sigmas, g, toxas and multispicular toxodragmas, the left one a characteristic ‘double’ dragma commonly found in the surface region.	FIGURE 123. Mycale (Zygomycale) sibogae sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 02901 from Aru Islands, Indonesia, SEM images of the spicules, a, mycalostyle, a1, details of mycalostyle, b, anisochela I, c, anisochelae II, (both anisochelae at same scale), d, isochelae, e, larger sigma, f, smaller sigmas, g, toxas and multispicular toxodragmas, the left one a characteristic ‘double’ dragma commonly found in the surface region.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF7FFF1D55ABFC685333CC6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF78FF1E55ABFE0E51FACCB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451235/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451235	FIGURE 124. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Zygomycale) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	FIGURE 124. Global diversity and distribution of the subgenus Mycale (Zygomycale) based on data derived from the World Porifera Database 2020 combined with the new data from the present study. The map presents the number of species found in each of the Marine Ecoregions of the World (Spalding et al. 2007).	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF7BFF6055ABFE7F51E9C819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451237/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451237	FIGURE 125. Mycale lampra (De Laubenfels, 1954), ZMA Por. 07930a from Karang Kaledupa, Banda Sea, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–c, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, cross section through peripheral region, c, tangential view of ectosomal skeleton, d–e, SEM images of the spicules, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, sigma.	FIGURE 125. Mycale lampra (De Laubenfels, 1954), ZMA Por. 07930a from Karang Kaledupa, Banda Sea, Indonesia, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b–c, light microscopic images of the skeleton, b, cross section through peripheral region, c, tangential view of ectosomal skeleton, d–e, SEM images of the spicules, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
361087A7FF7BFF6055ABFE7F51E9C819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/4451239/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451239	FIGURE 126. Mycale lampra (De Laubenfels, 1954), holotype USNM 23088 from Chuuk Lagoon, Mid Pacific, a, preserved habitus of fragment (scale bar = 1 cm), b–b1, light microscopic images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, skeletal tracts, b1, detail of surface region, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, overview of spicules showing a variable but single size of sigmas, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, sigma.	FIGURE 126. Mycale lampra (De Laubenfels, 1954), holotype USNM 23088 from Chuuk Lagoon, Mid Pacific, a, preserved habitus of fragment (scale bar = 1 cm), b–b1, light microscopic images of cross sections of the skeleton, b, skeletal tracts, b1, detail of surface region, c–e, SEM images of the spicules, c, overview of spicules showing a variable but single size of sigmas, d, mycalostyle, d1, details of mycalostyle, e, sigma.	2021-01-19	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.		Zenodo	biologists	Van, Rob W. M.;Aryasari, Ratih;De, Nicole J.			
