identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
357D87B89A549571FC3AF9DEFA889270.text	357D87B89A549571FC3AF9DEFA889270.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylogyrus skrjabini Achmerow 1954	<div><p>Dactylogyrus skrjabini Achmerow, 1954</p><p>[New Japanese name: Dai-yubigata-mushi]</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Dactylogyrus skrjabini Achmerow, 1954: 167–168, fig. 1; Bogdanova 1957: 1391–1393; Long and Lee 1960: 218–219, fig. 2; Akmetov 1963: 462; Lee 1963: 76; Yamaguti 1963a: 30; Musselius 1969: 237–238, 240; Bauer and Hoffman 1976: 165; Gvozdev and Agapova 1977: 109; Rohde 1979: 655; Hoffman and Schubert 1984: 238; Ali et al. 1989: 152–153; Gibson et al. 1996: 29; Blanc 1997: 497; Xia et al. 2000: 152; Grigorovich et al. 2002: 1208; Johnson and Lunde 2005: 132; Al-Saadi et al. 2010: 3, 4; Karabekova 2008: 331, 333; Mhaisen et al. 2012: 107, 116; Zhang 2012: 123; Al-Jawda and Asmar 2015: 129; Mhaisen and Al-Rubaie 2016: 5, 7.</p><p>Copepods were removed from the gills using small needles and forceps and fixed in 70 or 99% ethanol. Copepods were cleared and dissected in lactic acid. The whole body was examined using the wooden slide method (Humes and Gooding 1964). The removed appendages and parts of the body were dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, cleared in xylene, mounted in Canada balsam, and examined for morphological characters.</p><p>Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube fitted on an Olympus BX51 light microscope. Measurements, in micrometers, are expressed as the range. The monogenean and copepod specimens are deposited in the Platyhelminthes and Crustacea collections of the National Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT-Pl and NSMT-Cr), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, respectively.</p><p>DNA was extracted from two specimens of D. skrjabini using the DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer pair C1 (5′ -ACC CGC TGA ATT TAA GCA T- 3′) and D2 (5′ -TGG TCC GTG TTT CAA GAC- 3′) to amplify partial 28S rDNA (Vân Le et al. 1993). A total of 25 µL PCR reaction consisted of 1 µL of DNA template, 10×Titanium Taq PCR Buffer (Clonetech), 0.2 mM of each dNTP, 1 μ M of each primer, and 1×Titanium Taq DNA Polymerase (Clonetech). PCR was carried out with the following protocol: 94°C for 5 min followed by 35 cycles of 94°C for 60 sec, 56°C for 60 sec and 72°C for 60 sec, and 5 min of final hold at 72°C. PCR product was purified using NucleoSpin Gel and PCR Clean-up kit (Macherey-Nagel) and sequenced with a 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) with the same primers that generated the PCR product. The newly generated 28S rDNA sequence was aligned with sequences for 14 Dactylogyrus species and two Pseudodactylogyrus species collected in East Asia retrieved from the GenBank database (Fig. 3). Alignment was performed with ClustalW using the default parameters. Phylogenic trees were constructed for maximum likelihood methods under the GTR+G+I model selected as the best-fit model using AICc, and with the neighbor-joining (NJ) method under the K2 model, with the phylogeny tested by 1,000 bootstrap repeats using MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016).</p><p>Dactylogyrus scrjabini [lapsus]: Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. 1962: 254–255, fig. 603; Babayev 1964: 51; Gussev 1967: 56, 58, figs 1ge, 2ze; Osmanov 1971: 104; Yukhimenko 1972: 155, 156; Anonymous 1973a: 139, pl. 78, figs 157–158; Musselius 1973: 20–21, fig. 6be; Anonymous 1978: 50; Chen 1981: 115; Ji et al. 1982: 20; Molnár 1984: 154; Gussev 1985: 22, 122–123, figs 9-8, 157; Huang 1986: 16; Salih et al. 1988: 371, 378, 381–382, fig. 7; Gerasev 1989: 39–40, fig.1-1; Gerasev 1990: 367; Gerasev 1991: 224–226, fig. 5-18; Hoffman 1999: 128; Urazbaev and Kurbanova 2006: 537; Long 2000: 95–96, fig. 42; Zonn et al. 2009: 125; Gussev et al. 2010: 23, 187–188, figs 4-8, 213; Zhao 2011: 22–23, fig. 2-10; Davydov et al. 2012: 141.</p><p>Material examined. Five specimens stained in alum carmine and three fixed in modified picrate glycerin (NSMT-Pl 6393).</p><p>Description. Body elongate (Fig. 2A), 1208–2618 long including haptor and long peduncle, width at mid-body. Three pairs of head organs. Two pairs of eye-spots. Pharynx subspherical, 80–103 long, 82–104 wide; esophagus followed by bifurcated intestine with branches confluenting posterior to testis. Testis ovate to pyriform, posterodorsal to germarium, 128–298 long, 115–158 wide. Vas deferens arising from anterior end of testis, looping dorsoventrally around left intestine, forming seminal vesicle. Two saccate prostatic reservoirs. Male copulatory organ sclerotized, consisting of penis and accessory piece, length 104–128 (Fig. 2M). Penis slightly curved tube, length 68–84. Accessory piece rod-shaped, its widened tip holding distal end of penis, length 104–127. Germarium ovate, in mid-body, 60–229 long, 82–120 wide. Oviduct arising from anterior margin of germarium, continuing to oötype. Mehlis’ gland surrounds base of oötype. Vagina unsclerotized, opening on right lateral side, midlength of body, leading to right side of oviduct. Vitellaria approximately co-extensive with intestine.</p><p>Haptor 185–250 long, 180–250 wide. Dorsal anchor (Fig. 2B), total length 71–76; length to notch 28–35; outer root well developed, length 38–45, inner root length 11–18, point length 9–11. Dorsal bar plate-shaped, total length 17–25, total width 11–23, median width (Fig. 2C). Ventral bar broadly V-shaped with notched edge, total length 14–20 (16, n =4), total width 7–10, median width 3–4 (Fig. 2D). Marginal hooks 7 pairs; hook length: pair I (Fig. 2E) 40–47; pair II (Fig. 2F) 30–34; pair III (Fig. 2G) 31–37; pair IV (Fig. 2H) 36–45; pair V (Fig. 2I) well developed, 60–64, pair VI (Fig. 2J) 37–43; pair VII (Fig. 2K) 39–48. Pair of needles (Fig. 2L) located near fifth hooks, length 10–13 (12, n =3).</p><p>Host. Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ( Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)</p><p>Site of infection. Gill rakers.</p><p>Molecular analysis. The partial 28S rDNA (731 bp) sequences from the two specimens were identical and submitted to the DNA Data Bank of Japan Centre (DDBJ) (LC414156). Two species of Pseudodactylogyrus were used as the outgroup for the phylogenetic analysis, the tree agree with the part of analysis by Nitta and Nagasawa (2016), and Dactylogyrus skrjabini forms a sister group with D. hypophthalmichthys (Fig. 3).</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described from the gills of H. molitrix in the Amur River Basin, Far-East Russia (Achmerow 1954). It was subsequently reported from the gills of the same host in the natural distribution range of the host: Lake Taihu, and Anhui, Hubei, Fujian, Beitun, Habahe, and Burqin provinces in China (Long and Lee 1960; Lee 1963; Anonymous 1973a; Huang 1986; Zhao 2011). The dorsal anchor shape and well developed fifth marginal hook are characters to distinguish D. skrjabini from the other congeneric species, and the specimens examined in this study agree with the descriptions by Achmerow, (1954), Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. (1962), Long (2000), and Gussev et al. (2010). The detailed internal anatomy of the species was firstly described herein and showed the common dactylogyrid form.</p><p>The present finding represents the first record of D. skrjabini from Japan. This monogenean is established along with H. molitrix in the European region of Russia (Musselius 1969, 1973; Osmanov 1971), Turkmenistan (Babayev 1964), Kazakhstan (Gvozdev and Agapova 1977), Hungary (Hoffman and Schubert 1984; Molnár 1984), Iraq (Salih et al. 1988; Ali et al. 1989; Mhaisen et al. 2012; Al-Jawda and Asmar 2015), and the Aral Sea (Urazbaev and Kurbanova 2006; Zonn et al. 2009).</p><p>Japanese name. The species is one of the biggest species in the genus, and the new Japanese name refers it: “dai” and “yubigata-mushi” mean large and the genus, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/357D87B89A549571FC3AF9DEFA889270	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nitta, Masato;Nagasawa, Kazuya	Nitta, Masato, Nagasawa, Kazuya (2020): Alien Gill Parasites of the Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Tochigi Prefecture, Central Japan. Species Diversity 25 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.25.61, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.25.61
357D87B89A569577FCFFF801FDDD97AC.text	357D87B89A569577FCFFF801FDDD97AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys Achmerow 1952	<div><p>Dactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys Achmerow, 1952</p><p>[New Japanese name: Hakuren-yubigata-mushi]</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Dactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys Achmerow, 1952: 190, fig. 3ka; Gussev 1955: 395; Long and Yu 1958: 10–11, fig. 3; Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. 1962: 292, 294–295, fig. 683; Akmetov 1963: 462; Lee 1963: 76; Wu 1963: 112; Babayev 1964: 51; Agapova 1966: 134; Akmetov 1966: 258; Osmanov and Yusupov 1967: 212; Musselius 1969: 238, 240; Chentsov and Kirichenko 1970: 119; Osmanov 1971: 106; Kirichenko 1972: 115; Yukhimenko 1972: 154–156; Anonymous 1973a: 139, pl. 78, figs 155–156; Musselius 1973: 19–21, fig. 6a; Volovic 1973: 130–141, figs 1–3; Bauer and Hoffman 1976: 165; Belova 1977: 38–42; Gvozdev and Agapova 1977: 109; Musselius 1977: 146; Anonymous 1978: 41; Chang and Ji 1978: 355; Chen 1981: 115; Zhang 1981: 72; Ji et al. 1982: 13; Molnár 1984: 154; Gussev 1985: 166–168, fig. 241; Margaritov and Van Than 1985: 52–54, fig. 2; Huang 1986: 15; Mhaisen et al. 1988: 893; Salih et al. 1988: 371, 378, 380, fig. 6; Ali et al. 1989: 152–153; Jalali and Molnár 1990: 241; Ma and Li 1991: 3; Wu and Wang 1991: 18, 71–72, fig. 46; Li and Zhang 1992: 91; Zhang et al. 1992: 129; Jin et al. 1993: 327–328, fig. 99; Pojmańska 1995: 81; Gibson et al. 1996: 17; Blanc 1997: 497; Gelnar and Špakulová 1997: 189; Xia and Wang 1998: 19, 20; Hoffman 1999: 126; Long 2000: 92–93, fig. 40; Yao 2000: 25; Moravec 2001: 17; Xu et al. 2001: 715; Grigorovich et al. 2002: 1208; Yao and Nie 2004: 664–665; Johnson and Lunde 2005: 131; Šefrová and Laštůvka 2005: 157; Jalali and Barzegar 2006: 50–51, fig. 9; Molodozhnikova and Zhokhov 2006: 328, 334; Urazbaev and Kurbanova 2006: 537; Ký and Tề 2007: 121, 124, fig. 91; Wu et al. 2007: 653, 655, 657; Karabekova 2008: 331, 333; Zonn et al. 2009: 125; Gussev et al. 2010: 243–244, fig. 296; Singh and Chaudhary 2010: 123–126; Mhaisen et al. 2010: 96, 99–100; Tan et al. 2011: 133–134; Zhang et al. 2011: 30–34; Bozorgnia et al. 2012: 251; Davydov et al. 2012: 141; Mhaisen et al. 2012: 106, 116; Zhang 2012: 123; Pazooki and Masoumian 2012: 575; Fedorovych 2013: 242–244; Mhaisen et al. 2013: 31; Zhatkanbayeva et al. 2013: 149; Zhou et al. 2014: 18, 20, figs 2I, J; Zaichenko 2015: 73, 77; Mhaisen and Al-Rubaie 2016: 5, 7.</p><p>Neodactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys: Yamaguti, 1963a: 38, fig. 659.</p><p>Material examined. Eleven specimens fixed in modified picrate glycerin (NSMT-Pl 6394).</p><p>Description. Body elongate, 384–554 long including haptor, width at mid-body 73–117 (104, n =5). Pharynx spherical, 14–24 long, 15–24 wide. Male copulatory organ (Fig. 4L) sclerotized, consisting of penis and accessory piece, length 32–34. Penis tapered, sigmoid tube, length 31–35. Accessory piece (Fig. 4L) rod-shaped, its tip holding middle of penis, length 28–32. Vagina unsclerotized.</p><p>Haptor 55–77 long, 88–125 wide. Dorsal anchor (Fig. 4A) total length 33–40; length to notch 29–34; outer root length 4–6, inner root length 11–18 (13, n =6), point length 9–11 (10, n =6). Dorsal bar (Fig. 4B) broadly V-shaped, total length 24–27, total width 4–9, median width 3–5. Ventral bar (Fig. 4C) T-shaped, total length, total width 8–12, median width 5–11. Marginal hooks 7 pairs; hook length: pair I (Fig. 4D) 27–31; pair II (Fig. 4E) 31–38; pair III (Fig. 4F) 28–35; pair IV (Fig. 4G) 26–33; pair V (Fig. 4H), 30–34, pair VI (Fig. 4I) 33–44; pair VII (Fig. 4J) 26–43. Pair of needles (Fig. 4K) located near second hooks, length 9–11.</p><p>Host. Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ( Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)</p><p>Site of infection. Gill filaments.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described by Achmerow (1952) from the gills of H. molitrix in Lake Petropavlovsk, Lakes Bolon and Udyl, Far-East Russia. Subsequently, Yamaguti (1963a) transferred the species to the genus Neodactylogyrus Price, 1938, but this genus had already been synonymized with Dactylogyrus by Mizelle and Donahue (1944). As a native parasite, D. hypophthalmichthys was reported from the same host in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Zhejiang, Wuzhou, Chongqing, Liaoning, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Heilongjiang provinces, and Shanghai, China (Long and Yu 1958; Lee 1963; Wu 1963; Anonymous 1973a; Chang and Ji 1978; Zhang 1981; Huang 1986; Ma and Li 1991; Wu and Wang 1991; Li and Zhang 1992; Xia and Wang 1998; Yao 2000; Wu et al. 2007; Zhou et al. 2014) and the Amur River, Russia (Gussev 1955; Chentsov and Kirichenko 1970). Yao (2000) reported this monogenean from the gills of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes, 1844) (Cyprinidae) in Jiangxi Province, China. The life cycle and development of D. hypophthalmichthys were described by Volovic (1973).</p><p>The specimens examined in this study conform to the descriptions and illustrations of D. hypophthalmichthys by Achmerow (1952), Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. (1962), Long (2000), and Gussev et al. (2010): the tip of accessory piece holding the middle of the sigmoid penis is one of the features in D. hypophthalmichthys .</p><p>The present collection represents the first record of D. hypophthalmichthys from Japan. This monogenean has been reported from H. molitrix in its invading areas: the European region of Russia (Musselius 1969), Turkmenistan (Babayev 1964; Osmanov 1971), Hungary (Molnár 1984), Iraq (Salih et al. 1988; Ali et al. 1989), Iran (Jalali and Molnár 1990; Jalali and Barzegar 2006), Czech and Slovak Republics (Gelnar and Špakulová 1997), Warszawa (Pojmańska 1995), the Aral Sea (Urazbaev and Kurbanova 2006), Vietnam (Ký and Tề 2007), Kyrgyzstan (Karabekova 2008), Kazakhstan (Zhatkanbayeva et al. 2013), and Ukraine (Fedorovych 2013; Zaichenko 2015).</p><p>Japanese name. In the new Japanese name, “hakuren” means the host, silver carp in Japanese, and “yubigatamushi” means the genus Dactylogyrus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/357D87B89A569577FCFFF801FDDD97AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nitta, Masato;Nagasawa, Kazuya	Nitta, Masato, Nagasawa, Kazuya (2020): Alien Gill Parasites of the Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Tochigi Prefecture, Central Japan. Species Diversity 25 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.25.61, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.25.61
357D87B89A509577FEBEFD2DFADE933A.text	357D87B89A509577FEBEFD2DFADE933A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dactylogyrus wuhuensis Lee 1960	<div><p>Dactylogyrus wuhuensis Lee, 1960</p><p>[New Japanese name: Buko-yubigata-mushi] (Fig. 5)</p><p>Dactylogyrus wuhuensis Lee, 1960: 33–36, figs A, B; Lee 1963: 76; Yukhimenko 1972: 155; Anonymous 1973a: 138, pl. 77, figs 153–154; Musselius 1973: 20, 22, fig. 6ge; Gvozdev and Agapova 1977: 109; Anonymous 1978: 52–53; Chen 1981: 116; Ji et al. 1982: 22; Gussev 1985: 125–126, fig. 161; Huang 1986: 15; Wu and Wang 1991: 18, 102–103, fig. 90; Long 2000: 94–95, fig. 41; Xia et al. 2000: 152; Urazbaev and Kurbanova 2006: 537; Ký and T ề 2007: 136, 139, fig. 116; Gussev et al. 2010: 189–190, 192, fig. 217; Davydov et al. 2012: 141; Zhang 2012: 123.</p><p>Dactylogyrus chenshuchenae Gussev in Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al., 1962: 294–296, fig. 685; Babayev 1964: 51; Osmanov and Yusupov 1967: 212; Musselius 1969: 238; Osmanov 1971: 107; Hoffman and Schubert 1984: 238; Gibson et al. 1996: 11.</p><p>Material examined. One specimen fixed in modified picrate glycerin (NSMT-Pl 6395).</p><p>Description. Male copulatory organ (Fig. 5L) screlotized, consisting of penis and accessory piece, composition of male copulatory organ of our specimen damaged during preparation. Penis long, length 138. Accessory piece (Fig. 5L) rodshaped with bifurcated base and widened tip, length 60. Vagina unsclerotized.</p><p>Dorsal anchor (Fig. 5A) total length 40; length to notch 35; outer root length 5, inner root length 9, point length 1. Dorsal bar (Fig. 5B) bow-shaped, total length 22, total width 6, median width 3. Ventral bar (Fig. 5C) broadly M-shaped, total length 35, total width 5, median width 3. Marginal hooks 7 pairs; hook length: pair I (Fig. 5D) 29; pair II (Fig. 5E) 30; pair III (Fig. 5F) 30; pair IV (Fig. 5G) 30; pair V (Fig. 5H), 27, pair VI (Fig. 5I) 29; pair VII (Fig. 5J) 32. Pair of needles (Fig. 5K) length 11.</p><p>Host. Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ( Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)</p><p>Site of infection. Gill filaments.</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described by Lee (1960) from the gills, oral cavity, and nasal cavity of H. molitrix in Wuhu, Anhui Province, China. Subsequently, it was reported from the same host in Hubei, Fujian, and Zhejiang provinces, China (Anonymous 1973a; Huang 1986; Wu and Wang 1991) and Far-East Russia (Yukhimenko 1972; Musselius 1973). Dactylogyrus chenshuchenae Gussev in Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al., 1962 described from the gill filaments of the same host in the Liao River, Liaoning Province, China, has been synonymized with D. wuhuensis (Anonymous 1973a) . The haptoral structures and the accessory piece of the specimen examined in this study conform to those of Lee (1960), Wu and Wang (1991), Long (2000), and Gussev et al. (2010).</p><p>The present collection represents the first record of D. wuhuensis from Japan. This monogenean has been reported as an alien species parasitic on H. molitrix from Turkmenistan (Babayev 1964; Osmanov 1971), the Amu Darya River (Osmanov and Yusupov 1967), the European region of Russia (Musselius 1969), Kazakhstan (Gvozdev and Agapova 1977), the Aral Sea (Urazbaev and Kurbanova 2006), and Vietnam (Ký and T ề 2007).</p><p>Japanese name. In the new Japanese name, “buko” means Wuhu, the type locality of D. wuhuensis, in Japanese, and “yubigata-mushi” means the genus Dactylogyrus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/357D87B89A509577FEBEFD2DFADE933A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nitta, Masato;Nagasawa, Kazuya	Nitta, Masato, Nagasawa, Kazuya (2020): Alien Gill Parasites of the Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Tochigi Prefecture, Central Japan. Species Diversity 25 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.25.61, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.25.61
357D87B89A509575FC79F8A3FBD591C6.text	357D87B89A509575FC79F8A3FBD591C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinergasilus lieni Yin 1949	<div><p>Sinergasilus lieni Yin, 1949</p><p>[New Japanese name: Chūka-era-jirami]</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Pseudergasilus polycolpus (not of Markewitsch, 1940): Markewitsch, 1946: 233. (in part, incorrect subsequent spelling for Pseudergasilus undulatus Markewitsch, 1940)</p><p>Sinergasilus lieni Yin, 1949: 36–39, figs 10–19; Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. 1962: 760–761, fig. 1567; Musselius 1969: 238; Yukhimenko 1972: 155–156; Mirzoeva 1972: 253–258, fig. S. lieni; Mirzoeva 1973: 143–158, figs 1–11; Musselius 1973: 33–36, fig. 10a; Gussev 1987: 404–406, fig. 487; Molnár and Székely 2004: 53–59, figs 1–8; Zhokhov and Molodozhnikova 2006: 478; Ký and T ề 2007: 282, 284, fig. 2981; Davydov et al. 2012: 139.</p><p>Sinergasilus polycolpus (not of Markewitsch, 1940): Yin, 1956: 257–258, pl. XVII, figs 1–9; Wang 1959: 25; Yamaguti 1963b: 40, 478–479, pl. 44, fig. 1; Anonymous 1973b: 235–236, 432, figs 108–116; Song and Kuang 1980: 15, figs 1–5; Kuang 1991: 344; Kuang and Qian 1991: 97–98, fig. 62; Kuang and Liu 1992: 353, figs 16–17; Jin et al. 1993: 382–383: fig. 254; Nie and Yao 2000: 241–244; Wang et al. 2002: 237–239; Cakic et al. 2004: 265–266; Song et al. 2008: 302–305; Peng et al. 2010: 178–181; Zhu et al. 2010: 1192, pl. 1; Delibaier et al. 2014: 93; Wang et al. 2014: 180; Dimovska and Stojanovski 2015: 33–37, figs 1–7.</p><p>Pseudergasilus undulatus (not of Markewitsch, 1940): Markewitsch 1956: 64–66 (in part); Markewitsch 1976: 98–100 (in part).</p><p>Material examined. Six whole and three dissected females (NSMT-Cr 26718).</p><p>Description of adult female. Body (Fig. 6A) elongate, cylindrical, length 1760–2066. Prosome length 1334–1775, width, 394–494, depth 181–340, 2.5–3.2 times as long as urosome, pseudosegments present. Cephalothorax triangular in dorsal view, length 437–549, width 412–518. First to fourth pedigers approximately equal in length. Urosome (Fig. 6J) consisting of fifth pedigerous and genital doublesomite, length 513–630, width, 130–184 and indistinctly three segmented abdominal somites. Anal somite deeply incised posteromedially. Caudal ramus length 115–135, width 30–40 (ratio 3.0–4.2: 1), with 4 caudal setae.</p><p>Antennule (Fig. 6B) distinctly six-segmented, length 218– 250, with armature formula: 3, 9, 5, 4, 2, 7. All setae naked. Antenna (Fig. 6C) 4-segmented; first segment shorter than long, length 121–181, width 175–220, with prominent outer expansion wider than segment itself; second segment length 220–295, width 111–126; third segment tapering, length 145–155; terminal claw short, slightly curved, length 122– 130, ratio of length of second segment and claw 1.7–2.4: 1.</p><p>Mandible (fig. 6D) with 2 blades; posterior and anterior margin of anterior blade spinulated; posterior blade bearing spinules on posterior margin. Maxillule (Fig. 6D) with 2 long terminal setae. Maxilla (Fig. 6D) two-segmented; first segment unarmed; second segment spinulated in distal half.</p><p>Egg sac (Fig. 6A) length 1372–2292, width 168–309, usually slightly curved; each egg 65–82 in diameter.</p><p>Legs 1–3 with three segmented rami (Fig. 6 E–G). Leg 4 (Fig. 6H) with two segmented exopod and three-segmented endopod. Armature formula of leg 1–4 shown in Table 1. Leg 5 (Fig. 6I) consisting of conical exopod with 1 seta on apex and conical endopod with 2 setae on apex and lateral side. Leg 6 absent. All setae naked.</p><p>Male. Undiscovered.</p><p>Host. Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ( Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)</p><p>Site of infection. Gill filaments.</p><p>Remarks. The specimens examined in this study conform to the descriptions of S. lieni by Yin (1949, 1956) from the bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) and H. molitrix in China. This species is differentiated from two congeners, Sinergasilus major (Markewitsch, 1940) and S. undulatus, based on the ratio of the length of the second segment and claw of the antenna (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al. 1962). The antennule armature of S. lieni is obscure in the past descriptions (e.g., Yin 1949, 1956; Mirzoeva 1973), but the present description almost agrees with the figure of the redescription by Yin (1956: pl. 16, fig. 2) and redefined herein the armature formula.</p><p>The present collection represents the first record of S. lieni from Japan. This copepod is natively distributed in China and Far-East Russia with H. molitrix and H. nobilis (Markewitsch 1946; Yin 1956; Wang et al. 2014). It also infects H. harmandi Sauvage, 1884 (Cyprinidae) in Vietnam (Ký and Tề 2007). Sinergasilus lieni has been reported as an alien species from the European region of Russia (Musselius 1969; Mirzoeva 1972, 1973; Zhokhov and Molodozhnikova 2006), Hungary (Molnár and Székely 2004), and Macedonia (Dimovska and Stojanovski 2015) from H. molitrix and H. nobilis; and Serbia and Montenegro from H. nobilis (Cakic et al. 2004) .</p><p>Japanese name. The new Japanese generic and specific name is a combination of “chūka” and “era-jirami”, which mean China and a gill louse in Japanese, respectively (“zoku” means a genus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/357D87B89A509575FC79F8A3FBD591C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nitta, Masato;Nagasawa, Kazuya	Nitta, Masato, Nagasawa, Kazuya (2020): Alien Gill Parasites of the Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Tochigi Prefecture, Central Japan. Species Diversity 25 (1): 61-73, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.25.61, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.25.61
