identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
347B594EFFD14A2CFF43FAF9C9CCF876.text	347B594EFFD14A2CFF43FAF9C9CCF876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloneuroterus abei Melika & Tang	<div><p>Cycloneuroterus abei Melika &amp; Tang, new species</p><p>Figs 1–2, 25–42</p><p>Type material: HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN, Taichung City, Lineng logging road, Heping Dist., ex Quercus globosa, 24.III.2011 (TAI 126), 24.164114ºN, 120.957922ºE, 740m, ex integrated round leaf gall (spJPl6), adult em. 30.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. Nineteen female and 12 male PARATYPES: 6 males and 3 females with the same labels as the holotype; 4 males: TAIWAN, Taichung City, Lineng logging road, Heping Dist., ex. Quercus globosa, 24.III.2011 (TAI 126), 24.164114ºN, 120.957922ºE, 740m, ex integrated round leaf gall (spJPl6), adult em. 29.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 2 males and 1 female: TAIWAN, Taichung City, Lineng logging road, Heping Dist., ex Quercus globosa, 24.III.2011 (TAI 126), 24.164114ºN, 120.957922ºE, 740m, ex integrated round leaf gall (spJPl6), adult em. 1.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 7 females: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex Quercus glauca, 25.III.2011 (TAI 118), 24.967203ºN, 121.619744ºE, 678m, ex swollen roundish leaf gall projects on both sides of leaf, adult em. 27.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 5 females: TAIWAN: New Tiapei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex Quercus glauca, 25.III.2011 (TAI 118), 24.967203ºN, 121.619744ºE, 678m, ex swollen roundish leaf gall projects on both sides of leaf, adult em. 30.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 1 female paratype: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex Quercus glauca, 25.III.2011 (TAI 118), 24.967203ºN, 121.619744ºE, 678m, ex swollen roundish leaf gall projects on both sides of leaf, adult em. 31.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 2 females: TAIWAN: New Tiapei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex Quercus glauca, 25.III.2011 (TAI 118), 24.967203ºN, 121.619744ºE, 678m, ex swollen roundish leaf gall projects on both sides of leaf, adult em. 1.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse.</p><p>The female holotype, 5 female and 3 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 6 female and 4 male paratypes in PHMB, 2 female and 1 male paratypes in USNM, 6 female and 4 male paratypes in NCHU.</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour of the Japanese cynipidologist, Prof. Yoshihisa Abe (Biosystematics Laboratory, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cycloneuroterus abei most closely resembles C. gilvus and C. fortuitusus in the body coloration (black to dark brown) and the body length (female usually&gt; 2.0 mm) but can be distinguished by characters as below. In C. abei inner margins of eyes slightly converge ventrally in females (Fig. 25), parallel in males (Fig. 28); the diameter of male lateral ocellus 1.2× as long as in female (Figs 26, 29); the lower face, vertex and occiput delicately alutaceous, frons smooth and glabrous (Figs 25–27, 28–30); F1–F4 nearly equal in length (Fig. 31); the mesopleuron smooth (Fig. 33). In C. gilvus the eye of male is larger than in female (Figs 56, 59); the male eye distinctly broader than the gena in dorsal view (Fig. 60); diameter of the male lateral ocellus 1.4× as long as in the female (Figs 57, 60); the head of male and female smooth, glabrous; F 1 1.2 × as long as F2 (Fig. 62); the mesopleuron smooth (Fig. 64). In C. fortuitusus inner margins of eyes parallel in the male and female (Fig. 16); the diameter of male lateral ocellus 1.27× as long as in female; the lower face, frons, vertex and occiput are coriaceous, matt (Fig. 16); F2 slightly shorter than F1; the mesopleuron with delicate sculpture medially (Fig. 17). The postocciput and postgena of C. abei and C. gilvus are smooth, glabrous (Figs 27, 58), while in C. fortuitusus coriaceous and matt. Radial cell of the fore wing in C. abei and C. gilvus 4.0× as long as wide (Figs 38, 68), while C. fortuitusus 4.5× as long as wide.</p><p>Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head dark brown to black, except for light brown clypeus; mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape and pedicel light brown, flagellomeres progressively darker till last one; mesosoma and metasoma black to dark brown, except lighter tegula; legs yellow, base of coxae slightly darker.</p><p>Head 2.28× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.3× as long as broad in frontal view, slightly narrower than mesosoma. Gena delicately alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, 0.5× as long as cross diameter of eye. Malar area alutaceous, without striae and malar sulcus, 0.2× as high as height of eye. Eyes converging ventrally. POL nearly 1.4× as long as OOL; OOL 1.6× as long as lateral ocellus and 1.5× as long as LOL; ocelli ovate, elongated, central one thinner. Transfacial distance 1.2× as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.3× as long as distance between toruli, distance between torulus and eye 1.5× as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face alutaceous, setose; median elevated area narrow, delicately coriaceous. Clypeus elevated above lower face, quadrangular, flat, alutaceous, ventrally emarginate, with slight median ventral incision. Anterior tentorial pit small, distinct; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area uniformly alutaceous, interocellar area with few white setae. Vertex and occiput alutaceous. Postocciput and postgena smooth, without setae. Posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below not impressed. Postgenal bridge higher than height of occipital foramen, shorter than oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, shorter than length of body; pedicel subglobose, longer than wide, nearly equal in length to broadened part of scape; F1 nearly as long as F2–F4, 1.8× as long as pedicel; F5 to F11 progressively shorter; F 12 1.6 × as long as F11; placoid sensilla on F1–F12.</p><p>Mesosoma 1.15× as long as high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, short dorsally, without parallel striae laterally; strongly impressed along anterior rim; propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, with few setae and smooth area centrally. Mesoscutum smooth, with few white setae, 1.2× as broad as long (largest width measured across mesoscutum on the level of the base of tegulae). Notaulus, anterior parallel line, parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line absent, rows of setae do not indicate them; parascutal carina broad. Mesoscutellum trapezoid, longer than wide, broadest in posterior 1/3, smooth, with few setae, foveolate laterally and posteriorly, slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae absent, semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with smooth and glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, without setae, impressed along acetabular carina; mesopleural triangle alutaceous, glabrous, without setae. Dorsoaxillar area reticulate, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area alutaceous, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, posteriorly as high as height of metanotal trough. Postalar process with parallel delicate striae. Metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in 1/2 of its height. Metascutellum uniformly coriaceous, metanotal trough smooth, glabrous; ventral impressed area smooth, without striae, nearly 2.0× as high as height of metascutellum. Central propodeal area broad, glabrous, with few delicate, longitudinal rugae; lateral propodeal carina strong, high, strongly curved outwards in middle height; lateral propodeal area with rugae, dense setae. Nucha without irregular rugae.</p><p>Radial cell of fore wing 4.0× as long as wide. Rs+M distinct, lighter at apex, reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Areolet large, triangular, distinct. Wing margin with long cilia. Rs and R1 reach wing margin.</p><p>Metasoma shorter than length of head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergite occupy 0.44 length of metasoma in dorsal view, with few white setae laterally; all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part 2.04× as long as wide in ventral view, with sparse white setae, extending beyond apex of spine.</p><p>Body length 2.3–2.4 mm (n=5).</p><p>MALE. Similar to female. Head and mesosoma light brown to dark brown, with mesoscutum and mesoscutellum much darker; metasoma black to dark brown; antenna light brown. Eye larger. Diameter of lateral ocellus 1.2× as long as in female. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, nearly equal to body length; F1 curved and swollen apically, 1.1× as long as F2; F1–F12 progressively shorter; F 13 1.3 × as long as F12; placoid sensilla on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.8–2.1 mm (n=4).</p><p>Gall (Figs 39–42). The gall is an integral young leaf swelling, protruding on both sides of the leaf blade (on Q. globosa galls were found to grow on the leaf petiole; Fig. 42); 2.5–6.0 mm in diameter, with a single or multiple larval chambers. Sometimes the gall growth causes distortion of leaves. Tissues outside of larval chamber are succulent during larval development.</p><p>Biology. Gall growth coincides with the point of host sprouting in mid-February. Galls develop to largest size when the host leaves wholly expanded, and remain on the host until defoliation. Wasps emerged from galls at room temperature immediately after collection (late March till mid-April). Asexual generation is unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Taiwan: Shihding District, New Taipei City; Fuhsing Township, Taoyuan County; Heping District, Taichung City.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347B594EFFD14A2CFF43FAF9C9CCF876	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Chang-Ti;Sinclair, Frazer;Hearn, Jack;Yang, Man-Miao;Stone, Graham N.;Nicholls, James A.;Schwéger, Szabina;Melika, George	Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George (2016): Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 4088 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
347B594EFFD84A28FF43F947CD50F86E.text	347B594EFFD84A28FF43F947CD50F86E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloneuroterus ergei Tang & Melika	<div><p>Cycloneuroterus ergei Tang &amp; Melika, new species</p><p>Figs 3–4, 43–55</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex Quercus salicina, 25.III.2011 (TAI 116), 24.967203ºN, 121.619744ºE, 678m, ex small pinkish pimple at bud base (AGWP- Morpho44), adult em. 1.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. Ten female and 10 male PARATYPES: 5 males and 5 females with the same labels as holotype; 5 males and 1 female: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex small pinkish pimple leaf gall on Quercus salicina (AGWP-Morpho44), 24.58193ºN, 121.371108ºE, 678m, gall collected 22.III.2012 (TWT608), adult emerged 28.III.2012, leg. C. T. Tang, C. Y. Tuan; 4 females: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding Dist., ex small pinkish pimple leaf gall on Quercus salicina (AGWP-Morpho44), 24.58193ºN, 121.371108ºE, 678m, gall collected 22.III.2012 (TWT608), adult emerged 29.III.2012, leg. C. T. Tang, C. Y. Tuan.</p><p>The female holotype, 3 female and 3 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 3 female and 3 male paratypes in PHMB, 4 female and 4 male paratypes in NCHU.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the mountain, Mt. Erge, where it was collected for the first time.</p><p>Diagnosis. Cycloneuroterus ergei closely resembles C. globosus and C. uraianus described herein with a dark brown to black body. However, in the female and male C. ergei and C. uraianus the clypeus ventrally incised (Figs 43, 125), while in C. globosus the clypeus is not incised ventrally (Fig. 71). In C. ergei and C. globosus the mesopleuron has transverse striae going across the whole mesopleuron (Figs 51, 79), while in C. uraianus the transverse striae extend only to about half width of the mesopleuron (Fig. 135). In C. ergei the metascutellum is not overhanging the propodeum (Figs 51, 53), while in C. globosus and C. uraianus the mesoscutellum overhangs the propodeum (Figs 79, 81, 135–136). In C. ergei and C. globosus the mesoscutellum with few white setae, while in C. uraianus with denser white setae.</p><p>Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Color. Head dark brown; antenna, mandibles, mouthparts, labial and maxillary palps light brown; mesosoma dark brown to black, metasoma slightly darker than mesosoma; legs yellowish.</p><p>Head 2.2× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.2× as broad as high in frontal view and as broad as mesosoma. Gena delicately alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, 0.54× as broad as cross diameter of eye; malar area alutaceous, without striae, 0.26× as long as height of eye. Eyes converging ventrally. POL 1.3× as long as OOL; OOL 2.1× as long as length of lateral ocellus and 1.5× as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, central ocellus thinner than lateral ocellus. Transfacial distance 1.1× as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.4× as long as distance between toruli, distance between torulus and eye 1.1 as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face alutaceous, with dense white setae and piliferous points; median elevated area narrow, delicately coriaceous. Clypeus elevated above lower face, quadrangular, flat, alutaceous to glabrous; ventrally emarginate, with indistinct median incision; anterior tentorial pit large, distinct; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area delicately uniformly alutaceous, interocellar area with few white setae. Vertex and occiput delicately alutaceous. Postocciput and postgena smooth, glabrous, without setae, with few delicate parallel and longitudinal striae, extending from occipital foramen and reach upper level of hypostoma; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below impressed; height of postgenal bridge 1.3× as long as occipital foramen, 1.07× as long as oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; slightly longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel 1.2× as long as broad; F 1 1.1 × as long as F2, 1.9× as long as pedicel; F2–F6 progressively shorter; F 7 0.83 × as long as F6 and 0.88× as long as F8; F8–F11 progressively shorter; F 12 1.2 × as long as F11; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, very short dorsally, without parallel striae laterally and without white setae; strongly impressed along anterior rim; propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, with smooth central area. Notaulus, anterior parallel and parapsidal lines absent, even rows of setae do not indicate them; median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina broad, extending to the point where notaulus reaches pronotum. Mesoscutellum ovate, longer than wide, widest in posterior 1/4, smooth, glabrous, with very few setae, not overhanging metanotum; foveolate along lateral and posterior margins. Scutellar foveae absent, semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with smooth glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, without setae, with several parallel striae at lower part, impressed along acetabular carina; mesopleural triangle alutaceous. Dorsoaxillar area smooth, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area alutaceous, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, posteriorly as high as height of metanotal trough; postalar process with parallel delicate striae; metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in the upper 1/3 of its height. Metascutellum uniformly coriaceous, metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without white setae; ventral impressed area equal in height to metascutellum, smooth, without striae; central propodeal area broad, smooth, glabrous, with few delicate, longitudinal and mainly parallel rugae, lateral propodeal carinae strong, high, strongly curved outwards in lower half; lateral propodeal area with rugae, glabrous, with few setae and piliferous points. Nucha without irregular rugae.</p><p>Radial cell of fore wing 4.1× as long as broad; Rs+M distinct on all distance to basalis and its projection reaches basalis in lower half of its height.</p><p>Metasoma slightly shorter than head+mesosoma, as high as long in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergite with very few white setae laterally, occupying about 1/3 length of metasoma in dorsal view, all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part 1.78× as long as broad in ventral view, with sparse white subapical setae, not extending beyond apex of spine. Body length 1.4–1.6 mm (n=5).</p><p>MALE. Similar to female. Eye and ocelli larger, antenna with 13 flagellomeres, slightly longer than length of body, F1 curved and swollen apically, slightly longer than F2 and scape+pedicel; F13 nearly equal in length to F12; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.3–1.5 mm (n=5).</p><p>Gall (Fig. 55). Galls are monolocular, pinkish or yellowish, 2.0– 2.5 mm in length, develop on sprouts.</p><p>Biology. Only the sexual generation is known, inducing galls on Q. salicina . Mature galls were collected in late March. Adults emerged from galls immediately after field collection.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Taiwan: Mt. Erge, Shihding District, New Taipei City.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347B594EFFD84A28FF43F947CD50F86E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Chang-Ti;Sinclair, Frazer;Hearn, Jack;Yang, Man-Miao;Stone, Graham N.;Nicholls, James A.;Schwéger, Szabina;Melika, George	Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George (2016): Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 4088 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
347B594EFFC44A34FF43FF55C93CFCC7.text	347B594EFFC44A34FF43FF55C93CFCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloneuroterus gilvus Melika & Tang	<div><p>Cycloneuroterus gilvus Melika &amp; Tang, new species</p><p>Figs 56–70</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, Fuhsing Township, ex Quercus gilva, 25.III.2011 (TAI 109), 24.797997ºN, 121.416308ºE 977m, ex clusters of red integrated leaf galls (AGWP- Morpho41), adult em. 30.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. Four female and 3 male PARATYPES: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, Fuhsing Township, ex Quercus gilva, 25.III.2011 (TAI 109), 24.797997ºN, 121.416308ºE, 977m, ex clusters of red integrated leaf galls (AGWP-Morpho41), adult em. 31.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse.</p><p>The female holotype, 1 female and 1 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 2 female and 1 male paratypes in PHMB, 1 female and 1 male paratypes in NCHU.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the host plant, Quercus gilva .</p><p>Diagnosis. See the Diagnosis to C. abei .</p><p>Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head dark brown to black, except for yellowish mandibles, mouthparts, maxillary and labial palps; scape and pedicel light brown, flagellomeres progressively darker till last one, mesosoma and metasoma black to dark brown except lighter tegulae; legs yellow, tibia and tarsi of hind legs darker.</p><p>Head 1.96× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.2× as high as broad in frontal view, slightly narrower than mesosoma. Gena delicately alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, 0.5× as broad as cross diameter of eye. Malar area alutaceous, without striae, 0.17× as high as height of eye. Eyes converging ventrally. POL 1.2× as long as OOL; OOL 1.7× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, elongated, same size and shape. Transfacial distance nearly as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.7× as long as distance between toruli, 1.5× as long as distance between torulus and eye; area between torulus and eye with sparse white setae. Lower face alutaceous, setose, median area alutaceous, slightly higher than lateral part. Clypeus alutaceous, elevated above lower face, trapezoid, flat; ventrally emarginate, with slight median incision. Anterior tentorial pit distinct; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area delicately alutaceous, smooth, glabrous; interocellar area with few white setae. Vertex and occiput delicately alutaceous. Postocciput and postgena smooth, glabrous, with few white setae. Posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below not impressed. Height of postgenal bridge shorter than height of occipital and oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel subglobose, 1.5× as long as broad, nearly equal in length to scape; F 1 1.2 × as long as F2, 2.2×as long as pedicel, F2=F3; F4–F11 progressively shorter; F 12 1.7 × as long as F11; placoid sensillae on F1–F12.</p><p>Mesosoma 1.2× as long as high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, short dorsally; without parallel striae laterally; strongly impressed along anterior rim. Propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, with smooth central area. Mesoscutum smooth, with few white setae; 1.2× as broad as long (largest width measured across mesoscutum on the level of the base of tegulae). Notaulus distinct in anterior 1/3 of mesoscutum length, anterior notaular pit present. Anterior parallel and parapsidal lines absent, even rows of setae do not indicate them; median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina broad, extending to the point where notaulus reaches pronotum. Mesoscutellum trapezoid, longer than wide, broadest in posterior 1/4, smooth, with few setae; foveolate along lateral and posterior margins, slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae absent, semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with smooth, glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, without setae, impressed along acetabular carina; mesopleural triangle smooth, glabrous, without setae. Dorsoaxillar area reticulate, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area alutaceous, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, posteriorly as high as height of metanotal trough. Postalar process with parallel delicate striae. Metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus slightly above 1/2 of its height. Metascutellum uniformly coriaceous, metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without setae; ventral impressed area equal in height to metascutellum, smooth, without striae. Central propodeal area broad, glabrous, with few strong rugae radiating from nucha; lateral propodeal carina strong, high, strongly curved outwards in middle height; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with few setae and piliferous points. Nucha with irregular rugae.</p><p>Radial cell of fore wing 4.0× as long as broad. Rs+M distinct along 2/3 of its length, its projection reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Areolet large, triangular, distinct. Wing margin with long cilia. Rs and R1 reach wing margin.</p><p>Metasoma shorter than length of head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view; second metasomal tergite with few white setae laterally, occupying nearly half of metasoma length in dorsal view; all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part nearly 2.5× as long as broad in ventral view, with few white setae, slightly extending beyond apex of spine. Body length 1.9–2.1 mm (n=2).</p><p>MALE. Similar to female but head and mesosoma light brown to dark brown, with much darker mesoscutum and mesoscutellum; metasoma black to dark brown; antennae light brown. Eye larger than female; cross diameter of eye 7.8× as broad as width of gena. Diameter of lateral ocellus 1.4× as long as in female. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, nearly equal to body length; F1 curved and slightly swollen apically, 1.2× as long as F2; F2–F12 progressively shorter, F12=F13; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.8–2.1 mm (n = 2).</p><p>Gall (Figs 69–70). Galls with a single larval chamber, hollow or blister-like on folded or unfolded young leaves. Usually numerous galls develop on one leaf, pinkish or rusty in color. Galls are 3.0– 4.7 mm in diameter and 2.2–4.8 mm in height (n =16).</p><p>Biology. Only the sexual generation is known. The gall development coincides with host sprouting in mid- March, followed by the mature gall stage when the host leaves are wholly expanded. Adult wasps emerge immediately after collection, from late March to early April under laboratory conditions.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Taiwan: Hsinchu County, Jianshih Township, and Taoyuan County, Fuhsing Township.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347B594EFFC44A34FF43FF55C93CFCC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Chang-Ti;Sinclair, Frazer;Hearn, Jack;Yang, Man-Miao;Stone, Graham N.;Nicholls, James A.;Schwéger, Szabina;Melika, George	Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George (2016): Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 4088 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
347B594EFFC74A31FF43FC6DCDCFFACF.text	347B594EFFC74A31FF43FC6DCDCFFACF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloneuroterus globosus Melika & Tang	<div><p>Cycloneuroterus globosus Melika &amp; Tang, new species</p><p>Figs 71–84</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa, 21.III.2011 (TAI 74), AGWP-Morpho18, ex small pimple gall of buds, adult em. 22.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. Ten female and 7 male PARATYPES: 2 males and 3 females with the same labels as the holotype; 1 female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa, 21.III.2011 (TAI 74), 24.087567ºN, 121.035467ºE, 853m, ex small pimple gall of bud (AGWP-Morpho18), adult em. 23.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 1 female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa, 21.III.2011 (TAI 74), 24.087567ºN, 121.035467ºE, 853m, ex small pimple gall of bud (AGWP-Morpho18), adult em. 24.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 4 males and 4 females: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa, 21.III.2011 (TAI 73), AGWP-Morpho18, ex small pimple gall of stem, adult em. 22.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 1 male: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa, 21.III.2011 (TAI 73), 24.087567ºN, 121.035467ºE, 853m, ex small pimple gall of bud (AGWP-Morpho18), adult em. 24.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 1 female: TAIWAN: Nantou Co., Huisun Forest Station, Renai Township, ex Cyclobalanopsis globosa, 21.III.2011 (TAI 73), 24.087567ºN, 121.035467ºE, 853m, ex small pimple gall of bud (AGWP-Morpho18), adult em. 23.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse.</p><p>The female holotype, 2 female and 2 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 3 female and 2 male paratypes in PHMB, 1 female and 1 male paratypes in USNM, and 3 female and 2 male paratypes in NCHU.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the host plant, Quercus globosa .</p><p>Diagnosis. See the diagnosis to C. ergei .</p><p>Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head dark brown to black; mandibles, labial and maxillary palps yellowish; scape and pedicel light brown, flagellomeres progressively darker until last one; mesosoma and metasoma black to dark brown except lighter tegulae; legs yellow, proximal end of coxae darker.</p><p>Head 2.04× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.3× as long as broad in frontal view, slightly narrower than mesosoma. Gena delicately alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, 0.43× as broad as cross diameter eye. Malar space alutaceous, with some striae reach eye; 0.3× as high as height of eye. Eyes converging ventrally. POL 0.97× as long as OOL; OOL 3.0× as long as length of lateral ocellus, 2.3× as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, elongated, similar size. Transfacial distance 1.4× as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.3× as long as distance between toruli; distance between torulus and eye 1.5× as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face alutaceous, with sparse setae; median elevated area narrow, coriaceous. Clypeus elevated above lower face, quadrangular, flat, alutaceous, emarginate, without median incision ventrally. Anterior tentorial pit small, distinct; epistomal sulcus and clypeopleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area delicately alutaceous, interocellar area with few white setae. Vertex and occiput delicately coriaceous. Postocciput and postgena smooth, without setae. Posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below not impressed. Postgenal bridge higher than height of occipital foramen, shorter than oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, shorter than body length; pedicel subglobose, 1.1× as long as broad. F1 nearly equal to F2, 1.7× as long as pedicel; F2–F11 progressively shorter; F 12 1.2 × as long as F11; placoid sensillae on F1–F12.</p><p>Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, short dorsally, without parallel striae laterally; strongly impressed along anterior rim; propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, smooth centrally, with few setae. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, with few white setae; 1.3× as broad as long. Notaulus, anterior parallel, parapsidal and median mesoscutal lines absent; parascutal carina broad, extending to the point where notaulus reaches pronotum. Mesoscutellum ovate, smooth, glabrous, with few setae; about as broad as long, broadest in the middle; foveolate along lateral and posterior margins, slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae absent, only semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with smooth and glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, without setae, impressed along acetabular carina, with few transverse striae in lower half. Mesopleural triangle alutaceous, glabrous, without setae. Dorsoaxillar area smooth, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area alutaceous, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous. Metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in upper 1/3 of its height. Metascutellum smooth; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous. Ventral impressed area smooth, without striae, 1.4× as high as height of metascutellum. Lateral propodeal area without rugae, with few setae; central propodeal area broad, smooth, glabrous; lateral propodeal carina distinct, strongly curved outwards in the middle. Nucha with longitudinal rugae.</p><p>Radial cell of fore wing 4.7× as long as broad. Rs+M distinct, reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Areolet small, triangular, distinct. Wing margin with long cilia. Rs and R1 reach wing margin.</p><p>Metasoma slightly shorter than length of head + mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view; second metasomal tergite occupying 1/3 length of metasoma in dorsal view, without white setae laterally; all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part of ventral spine nearly as long as broad in ventral view, with sparse white setae, not extending beyond apex of spine. Body length 1.4–1.5 mm (n = 3).</p><p>MALE. Similar to female but eye larger than in female, antenna with 13 flagellomeres, nearly equal to body length; F1 curved and swollen apically, F2 nearly equal to F1; F2–F13 progressively shorter; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.3–1.4 mm (n=3).</p><p>Gall (Figs 82–84). Galls are monolocular, red pimples on midribs or lateral veins of young leaves; on occasion the galls can also develop on male catkins. In some cases the gall development disrupts the sprouting of leaves and the galls form a tuft on a bud. The gall is 1.0– 1.7 mm in width and 1.6–3.3 mm in length.</p><p>Biology. Only the sexual generation is known which induces galls on Q. globosa . The gall development coincides with sprouting from mid- to late-March. Adults emerged under laboratory conditions immediately after the galls had been collected in the field and transferred to the laboratory.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Taiwan: Renai Township, Nantou County, and Heping District, Taichung City. The host-plant Q. globosa is endemic to Taiwan, thus C. globosus might be also endemic to Taiwan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347B594EFFC74A31FF43FC6DCDCFFACF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Chang-Ti;Sinclair, Frazer;Hearn, Jack;Yang, Man-Miao;Stone, Graham N.;Nicholls, James A.;Schwéger, Szabina;Melika, George	Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George (2016): Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 4088 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
347B594EFFC24A3EFF43FA65CD54F8B2.text	347B594EFFC24A3EFF43FA65CD54F8B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloneuroterus jianwui Tang & Melika	<div><p>Cycloneuroterus jianwui Tang &amp; Melika, new species</p><p>Figs 5–6, 85–98</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE female: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Mt. Xinghou 3, ex Quercus sp.3, 12.IV.2011 (CHI68), 22.073200ºN, 100.184450ºE, 1329m, ex young leaves binding together like candyfloss (AGWP-Morpho83), adult em. 14.IV.2011, leg. C.T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn. Two female and 4 male PARATYPES with the same labels as the holotype.</p><p>The female holotype and 2 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 2 female and 2 male paratypes in PHMB.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honour of Mr. Jian-Wu Lee (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China), who was our guide during the collecting trip in China.</p><p>Diagnosis. Cycloneuroterus jianwui females closely resembles C. akagashiphilus, C. lohsei, and C. longinuxus by the black or dark brown metasoma, however, in C. jianwui is 2.62:2:1 (Fig. 86), in C. lohsei POL:OOL:LOL = 2.6:2.6:1 (Fig. 100), while in C. longinuxus is 2.33:2.56:1, and in C. akagashiphilus is 2.3:2.2:1. In C. jianwui female the head is uniformly light brown, while in the male the frons, interocellar area, and occiput are darker (Figs 85–90). In Cycloneuroterus lohsei female the head is dark brown to black with lighter lower face, gena, postgena, and mouth parts, while the male head is uniformly yellow, with darker interocellar area (Figs 99– 101, 102–103). In C. akagashiphilus and C. longinuxus male and female the head is dark brown to black, with lighter lower face, clypeus, gena, and mouthparts. In C. lohsei the mesopleuron is light brown (Fig. 107), while C. longinuxus, C. jianwui, and C. akagashiphilus the mesopleuron is uniformly yellow (Fig. 93).</p><p>Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head reddish brown; mandibles, mouthparts, labial and maxillary palps reddish brown; scape, pedicel, F1 and F2 reddish brown, rest flagellomeres progressively darker till last one; mesosoma reddish brown, mesoscutum partially dark brown; metasoma black to dark brown; legs yellowish.</p><p>Head 1.9× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.2× as broad as high in frontal view, slightly narrower than mesosoma. Gena delicately alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, 0.42× as broad as cross diameter of eye; malar space alutaceous, without striae, 0.34× as long as height of eye. Eyes parallel. POL 1.3× as long as OOL; OOL 1.8× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 2.0× as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, elongated, same size and shape. Transfacial distance only 1.2× as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.2× as long as distance between toruli, distance between torulus and eye equal to diameter of torulus; lower face alutaceous, with dense white setae and piliferous points; median elevated area narrow, delicately coriaceous. Clypeus not elevated above lower face, quadrangular, flat, alutaceous, glabrous; ventrally emarginate, with median incision; anterior tentorial pit small, distinct, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area delicately uniformly coriaceous, without setae. Vertex and occiput delicately alutaceous, with several rows of white setae. Postocciput and postgena smooth, glabrous, postgena with dense white setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below not impressed; height of postgenal bridge shorter than occipital foramen and 0.38 as high as oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel longer than broad; F 1 1.06 × as long as F2, 2.4× as long as pedicel; F3–F11 progressively shorter; F 12 1.4 × as long as F11; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, short dorsally, without parallel striae laterally, with few white setae; strongly impressed along anterior rim; propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, with smooth central area. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, without setae; 0.8× as broad as long (largest width measured across mesoscutum on the level of the base of tegulae). Notaulus, anterior parallel, parapsidal and median mesoscutal lines absent; parascutal carina broad, extending to the point where notaulus reaches pronotum. Mesoscutellum ovate, longer than broad, broadest in middle, smooth, glabrous, with few setae, foveolate along lateral and posterior margins, slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae absent, semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with smooth glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, without setae, impressed along acetabular carina; mesopleural triangle alutaceous. Dorsoaxillar area smooth, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area smooth, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous; metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in upper 1/3 of its height. Metascutellum uniformly coriaceous, metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, with few short white setae; ventral impressed area narrower than height of metascutellum, smooth, without striae; central propodeal area broad, smooth, glabrous, with few delicate irregular rugae; lateral propodeal carina strong, high, strongly curved outwards in middle height; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous with few setae and piliferous points. Nucha without irregular rugae.</p><p>Radial cell of fore wing 4.3× as long as broad; Rs+M distinct along entire length, reaches basalis at lower 1/3 of its height. Areolet large, triangular, distinct; wing margin with long cilia; Rs and R1 reach wing margin.</p><p>Metasoma shorter than head+mesosoma, as high as long in lateral view; second metasomal tergite occupying nearly half of metasoma length in dorsal view, with few white setae laterally, all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part 1.72× as long as broad in ventral view, with sparse, white subapical setae, extending beyond apex of spine. Body length 1.7–1.8 mm (n = 3).</p><p>MALE. Similar to female but body slightly lighter, legs dirty yellowish, frons and interocellar area dark brown. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, slightly longer than body; F1 curved and swollen apically, equal to F2, 2.7× as long as pedicel; F13 nearly equal in length to F12; placoid sensilla on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.7–1.8 mm (n = 2).</p><p>Gall (Fig. 98). Galls are multilocular, the gall growth causes great distortion to young leaves; those leaves usually occur on the tip of twigs. Galls are surrounded by pink hairs similar to candyfloss. Galls are 2.0– 2.5 cm in diameter and 1.5–2.0 cm in height.</p><p>Biology. Galls appear on the host-plant during the period of active sprouting. Adults emerged from galls immediately after field collection in April. We were unable to identify the host plant species except to the level of Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis .</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from China: Yunnan Province, Lan Cang Co., Mt. Xinghou.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347B594EFFC24A3EFF43FA65CD54F8B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Chang-Ti;Sinclair, Frazer;Hearn, Jack;Yang, Man-Miao;Stone, Graham N.;Nicholls, James A.;Schwéger, Szabina;Melika, George	Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George (2016): Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 4088 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
347B594EFFCD4A3BFF43F8B2C906F80F.text	347B594EFFCD4A3BFF43F8B2C906F80F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloneuroterus lohsei Melika & Tang	<div><p>Cycloneuroterus lohsei Melika &amp; Tang, new species</p><p>Figs 10–11, 99–115</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding District, ex Quercus sessilifolia, 25.III.2011 (TAI 115), 24.967203ºN, 121.619744ºE, 678m, ex furry multilocular young leaf swellings (AGWP-Morpho43), adult em. 31.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. Twenty six female and 18 male PARATYPES: 8 males and 23 females with the same labels as the holotype; 3 females: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding District, ex Quercus sessilifolia, 25.III.2011 (TAI 115), 24.967203ºN, 121.619744ºE, 678m, ex furry multilocular young leaf swellings (AGWP-Morpho43), adult em. 30.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 10 males: TAIWAN: New Taipei City, Mt. Erge, Shihding District, ex Quercus sessilifolia, 10.IV.2011, 24.967203ºN, 121.619744ºE, 678m, ex furry multilocular young leaf swellings (AGWP-Morpho43), adult em. 13.IV.2011, leg. Yi-Chuan Lee.</p><p>The female holotype, 8 female and 5 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 8 female and 5 male paratypes in PHMB, 3 female and 2 male paratypes in USNM, and 7 female and 6 male paratypes in NCHU.</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour of Dr. Konrad Lohse (Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland), who collected the galls from which the new species was reared.</p><p>Diagnosis. See the diagnosis to C. jianwui .</p><p>Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head light brown to dark brown, with darker stripes along inner margin of eye and darker frons, interocellar area, vertex area between torulus and eye; lower face light brown, mandibles, maxillary and labial palps much lighter; scape and pedicel light brown, flagellomeres progressively darker till last one; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum dark brown to black, other parts of mesosoma with various intensity of brown; legs yellow, metasoma dark brown.</p><p>Head 2.05× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.2× as broad as high in frontal view. Gena delicately alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, 0.56× as broad as cross diameter of eye; malar space alutaceous, without striae, 0.35× as high as height of eye. Eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL nearly as long as OOL; OOL 2.6× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and LOL; all ocelli ovate, elongated, same size and shape. Transfacial distance 1.2× as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.5× as long as distance between toruli and equal to distance between torulus and eye; lower face alutaceous, with sparse white setae and piliferous points; median elevated area narrow, delicately coriaceous. Clypeus elevated above lower face, hexagonal, flat, emarginate, with straight margin ventrally, alutaceous; anterior tentorial pit small but distinct, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area delicately uniformly alutaceous, glabrous, frons microreticulate, interocellar area with few white setae. Vertex and occiput delicately alutaceous. Postocciput and postgena smooth, glabrous, with few white setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below not impressed; height of postgenal bridge shorter than occipital and oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel subglobose, 1.2× as long as broad. F 1 1.3 × as long as F2, 2.2× as long as pedicel; F2–F4 equal in length; F5–F8 equal in length and slightly shorter than F2–F4; F8–F11 progressively shorter; F 12 1.27 × as long as F11; placoid sensillae on F2–F12, absent on F1.</p><p>Mesosoma 1.2× as long as high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, short dorsally, with parallel striae laterally; strongly impressed along anterior rim; propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, with sparse white setae and piliferous point. Mesoscutum smooth, without setae; 1.2× as broad as long (largest width measured across mesoscutum on the level of the base of tegulae). Notaulus, anterior parallel and parapsidal lines absent, even rows of setae do not indicate them; median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina broad, extending to the point where notaulus usually reaches pronotum. Mesoscutellum hexagonal, shorter than broad, broadest at middle part, smooth, glabrous, with few setae, foveolate along lateral and posterior margins, slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae absent, semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with smooth glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, without setae, with numerous parallel striae anterolaterally, impressed along acetabular carina; mesopleural triangle smooth, glabrous, without setae. Dorsoaxillar area reticulate, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area smooth, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, at posterior end slightly higher than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in upper 3/4 of its height. Metascutellum alutaceous, metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without setae; ventral impressed area 2.0× as high as height of metascutellum, smooth, without striae; central propodeal area broad, glabrous, without rugae, lateral propodeal carinae strong, high, strongly curved outwards in middle part; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with few setae and piliferous points. Nucha without irregular rugae.</p><p>Radial cell of fore wing 4.6× as long as broad; Rs+M distinct on 1/2 of distance to basalis, its projection reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Areolet large, triangular, distinct; wing margin with long cilia; Rs and R1 reach wing margin.</p><p>Metasoma shorter than length of head+mesosoma; longer than high in lateral view; second metasomal tergite occupying 1/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view, with few white setae laterally, all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part 2.25× as long as broad in ventral view, with sparse, white subapical setae, not extending beyond apex of spine. Body length 1.8–2.0 mm (n=5).</p><p>MALE. Similar to female but eye and ocelli slightly larger. Mesosoma yellow, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum slightly darker. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, slightly longer than body, F1 curved and swollen apically, 1.25× as long as F2; F2=F3; F4–F6 equal in length but slightly shorter than F3; F7 slightly shorter than F6; F8–F11 equal in length but slightly shorter than F7; F 12 0.77 × as long as F11; F 13 1.14 × as long as F12; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.73–1.86 mm (n=5).</p><p>Gall (Figs 112–115). Galls of the sexual generation are multilocular, fully covered with pink or white hairs, and on young leaves (Figs 112–114). The gall growth sometimes causes the deformation of the whole leaf (Fig. 114). The swollen parts on leaves are 10.0–20.0 mm long and 4.0–6.0 mm broad (n = 10). Asexual generation galls are multilocular, rounded clusters on the midrib on the lower surface of mature leaves, and densely covered in brown hairs 4-5 mm long (Fig. 115).</p><p>Biology. Only the sexual generation is described herein. Sexual generation galls appear on the host-plant in March, and adults emerged from galls from late-March to mid-April, soon after the field collection. Sexual generation galls have been found on Q. sessilifolia . Asexual generation galls have not been reared successfully, so asexual adults are unknown. However, DNA sequences obtained from larvae dissected from asexual galls match those from sexual generation adults. Asexual generation galls have been collected from Q. gilva in August.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Taiwan: Shihding District, New Taipei City; Jianshih Township, Hsinchu County.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347B594EFFCD4A3BFF43F8B2C906F80F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Chang-Ti;Sinclair, Frazer;Hearn, Jack;Yang, Man-Miao;Stone, Graham N.;Nicholls, James A.;Schwéger, Szabina;Melika, George	Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George (2016): Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 4088 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
347B594EFFC94A07FF43FAE1CC36FDFA.text	347B594EFFC94A07FF43FAE1CC36FDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloneuroterus tumiclavus Tang & Melika	<div><p>Cycloneuroterus tumiclavus Tang &amp; Melika, new species</p><p>Figs 116–124</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Taichung City, Lineng logging road, Heping District, ex Quercus glauca, 26.III.2011 (TAI 123), 24.164114ºN, 120.957922ºE, 740m, ex small catkin swelling cause catkin to bend (AGWP-Morpho48), adult em. 29.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. Three female and 1 male PARATYPES: 1 male and 2 females with the same labels as the holotype; 1 female: TAIWAN: Taichung City, Lineng logging road, Heping District, ex Quercus glauca, 26.III.2011 (TAI 123), 24.164114ºN, 120.957922ºE, 740m, ex small catkin swelling cause catkin to bend (AGWP-Morpho48), adult em. 31.III.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse.</p><p>The female holotype is deposited in NMNS, 2 female and 1 male paratypes in PHMB, 1 female paratype in NCHU.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the swelling, which the gallwasp induces on the catkin spike.</p><p>Diagnosis. Cycloneuroterus tumiclavus resembles C. globosus; however, in C. tumiclavus the entire head is coriaceous, while in C. globosus vertex and occiput delicately coriaceous, and postocciput and postgenae smooth. In C. tumiclavus POL 1.29× as long as LOL, OOL 2.1× as long as length of lateral ocellus, 1.7× as long as LOL (Fig. 117); female F 1 0.9 × as long as F2. In C. globosus POL 0.97× as long as OOL, OOL 3.0× as long as length of lateral ocellus, 2.3× as long as LOL (Fig. 72); female F1 nearly equal to F2 (Fig. 75).</p><p>Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head, mesosoma, and metasoma dark brown; mandibles, mouthparts, labial and maxillary palps light brown; antenna yellow to dark brown; legs yellowish.</p><p>Head 2.0× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.26× as broad as high in frontal view, as broad as mesosoma. Gena delicately alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, invisible in frontal view behind eye, 0.62× as broad as cross diameter of eye; malar space alutaceous, without striae, 0.3× as long as height of eye. Eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL 1.29× as broad as OOL; OOL 2.1× as long as length of lateral ocellus and 1.7× as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, similar in size. Transfacial distance 1.28× as long as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.1× as long as distance between toruli, distance between torulus and eye 1.4× as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face alutaceous, with dense white setae and piliferous points; median elevated area narrow, delicately coriaceous. Clypeus elevated above lower face, quadrangular, flat, alutaceous to glabrous; ventrally emarginate, median incision absent; anterior tentorial pit large and distinct, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area delicately uniformly alutaceous, without white setae. Vertex and occiput coriaceous. Postocciput and postgena coriaceous, with some delicate rugae; postgena with few setae and few parallel longitudinal striae, extending from occipital foramen and reach hypostoma; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below not impressed; height of postgenal bridge slightly shorter than occipital foramen and height of oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, slightly longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel subglobose, as long as broad; F 1 0.9 × as long F2, 1.67× as long as pedicel; F2–F8 progressively shorter; F 9 1.06 × as long as F8, F9 = F10; F 11 0.9 × as long as F10, F 12 1.35 × as long as F11; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres.</p><p>Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, short dorsally, without parallel striae and setae laterally; strongly impressed along anterior rim; propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, with smooth central area. Notaulus, anterior parallel and parapsidal lines absent, even rows of setae do not indicate them; median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina broad, extending to the point where notaulus reaches pronotum. Mesoscutellum ovate, longer than broad, with nearly parallel sides, smooth, glabrous, with few setae, foveolate along lateral and posterior margins; slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae absent, semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with smooth glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, without setae and transverse striae, impressed along acetabular carina; mesopleural triangle alutaceous, glabrous. Dorsoaxillar area reticulate, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area alutaceous, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, most posterior part as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in upper 1/3 of its height. Metascutellum uniformly alutaceous, metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without white setae; ventral impressed area equal in height to height of metascutellum, smooth, without striae; central propodeal area broad, smooth, glabrous, lateral propodeal carinae strong, high, strongly curved outwards in middle part; lateral propodeal area alutaceous, glabrous, with white setae and piliferous points. Nucha without irregular rugae.</p><p>Radial cell of forewing 4.4× as long as broad; Rs+M distinct and reaches basalis in lower half of its height, wing margin with long cilia.</p><p>Metasoma shorter than head + mesosoma, as high as long in lateral view; second metasomal tergite occupying 0.4 of metasoma length in dorsal view, without setae laterally, all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part 1.2× as long as broad in ventral view, with sparse, white subapical setae, extending beyond apex of spine. Body length 1.7–1.8 mm (n=3).</p><p>MALE. Similar to female but eye and ocelli larger; antenna with 13 flagellomeres, slightly longer than body length, F1 curved and swollen apically, slightly longer than F2, and longer than pedicel; F13 nearly equal in length to F12; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.3 mm (n=1).</p><p>Gall (Fig. 124). Galls are yellow green, oval-shaped swellings densely covered with hairs at adaxial end of the catkin spike, 3.0– 3.5 mm in length and 1.5–2.0 in width (n=3). Galls are monolocular.</p><p>Biology. Only the sexual generation of this species is known, inducing galls on Q. glauca . Mature galls were collected in late March. Adults emerged under laboratory conditions immediately after the galls were transferred to the laboratory for rearing.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Taiwan: Heping District, Taichung City.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347B594EFFC94A07FF43FAE1CC36FDFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Chang-Ti;Sinclair, Frazer;Hearn, Jack;Yang, Man-Miao;Stone, Graham N.;Nicholls, James A.;Schwéger, Szabina;Melika, George	Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George (2016): Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 4088 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
347B594EFFF44A04FF43FD71CC38FBCD.text	347B594EFFF44A04FF43FD71CC38FBCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycloneuroterus uraianus Tang & Melika	<div><p>Cycloneuroterus uraianus Tang &amp; Melika, new species</p><p>Figs 125–138</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, Fuhsing Township, ex Castanopsis uraiana, 25.III.2011 (TAI 112), AGWP-Morpho42, ex small green chamber within bud, em. IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse. Ten female and 6 male PARATYPES: 4 females with the same labels as the holotype; 1 male and 1 female: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, Fuhsing Township, ex Castanopsis uraiana, 25.III.2011 (TAI 112), 24.797997ºN, 121.416308ºE, 977m, ex small green chamber within bud (AGWP-Morpho42), em. IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn, K. Lohse; 3 females and 1 male: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, Fuhsing Township, ex multilocular bud gall on Castanopsis uraiana (AGWP-Morpho42), 24.475244ºN, 121.25127ºE, 937 m, gall collected 27.III.2012 (TWT593), adult emerged 1.IV.2012, leg. C. T. Tang, Y. K. Zuo; 2 females: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, Fuhsing Township, ex multilocular bud gall on Castanopsis uraiana (AGWP-Morpho42), 24.475244ºN, 121.251271ºE, 937 m, gall collected 27.III.2012 (TWT593), adult emerged IV.2012, leg. C. T. Tang, Y. K. Zuo; 4 males: TAIWAN: Taoyuan Co., Xiaowulai, Fuhsing Township, ex multilocular bud gall on Castanopsis uraiana (AGWP-Morpho42), 24.475244ºN, 121.251271ºE, 937 m, gall collected 27.III.2012 (TWT593), adult emerged 4.IV.2012, leg. C. T. Tang, Y. K. Zuo. The female holotype, 3 female and 2 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 3 female and 2 male paratypes in PHMB, 4 female and 2 male paratypes in NCHU.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the host plant, Castanopsis uraiana .</p><p>Diagnosis. Cycloneuroterus uraianus closely resembles C. globosus and C. ergei with its dark brown to black body. However, in the female and male C. uraianus and C. ergei the clypeus is ventrally incised (Figs 43, 125), while in C. globosus the clypeus is not incised ventrally (Fig. 71). In C. ergei and C. globosus the mesopleuron with transverse striae going across the whole mesopleuron (Figs 51, 79), while in C. uraianus the transverse striae extending only to about half width of the mesopleuron (Fig. 135). In C. ergei the metascutellum is not overhanging the propodeum (Figs 51, 53), while in C. globosus and C. uraianus the metascutellum overhanging the propodeum (Figs 79, 81, 135–136).</p><p>Description. SEXUAL FEMALE. Head dark brown to black; clypeus, mandibles, mouthparts, labial and maxillary palps light brown; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres progressively darker till last one, mesosoma and metasoma black to dark brown, tegulae lighter; legs yellow, base of coxae darkish brown.</p><p>Head 1.7× as broad as long in dorsal view, 1.2× as broad as high in frontal view. Gena delicately alutaceous, slightly broadened behind eye, 0.58× as broad as cross diameter of eye; malar space alutaceous, without striae, 0.26× as long as height of eye. Eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL nearly 1.3× as broad as OOL; OOL 2.2× as long as length of lateral ocellus and 1.6× as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, elongated, same size and shape. Transfacial distance only 1.07× as broad as height of eye; diameter of torulus 1.13× as long as distance between toruli, distance between torulus and eye 1.4× as long as diameter of torulus; lower face alutaceous, with scattered white setae and piliferous points; median elevated area narrow, delicately coriaceous. Clypeus elevated above lower face, quadrangular, flat, glabrous; ventrally emarginate, without median incision; anterior tentorial pit small, distinct, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, deep. Frons and interocellar area delicately alutaceous, with few white setae. Vertex and occiput alutaceous to delicately coriaceous. Postocciput smooth, glabrous, without setae, impressed around occipital foramen; postgena coriaceous, with few white setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, deep, area below not impressed; height of postgenal bridge equal to height of occipital foramen but shorter than height of oral foramen. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres; slightly longer than head + mesosoma; pedicel subglobose, 1.26× as long as broad. F 1 1.35 × as long as pedicel, 1.1× as long as F2; F2=F3; F3–F11 progressively shorter; F 12 1.52 × as long as F11; placoid sensillae on F2–F12, absent on F1.</p><p>Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous; dorsally short, with few white setae; without parallel striae laterally; strongly impressed along anterior rim. Propleuron alutaceous, glabrous, with smooth central area. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous, with few white setae, 1.24× as broad as long. Notaulus, anterior parallel, parapsidal and median mesoscutal lines absent; parascutal carina broad, extending to the point where notaulus reaches pronotum. Mesoscutellum ovate, longer than broad, broadest in posterior 1/3, smooth, glabrous, with few setae, foveolate along lateral and posterior margins, slightly overhanging metanotum. Scutellar foveae absent, semilunar transverse depression present anteriorly, with glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, glabrous, with few setae; mesopleural triangle alutaceous, smooth, with few setae. Dorsoaxillar area smooth, glabrous, with few white setae; lateroaxillar area alutaceous, without setae. Subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, in most posterior part shorter than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in upper 1/3 of its height. Metascutellum coriaceous; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without white setae; ventral impressed area smooth, without striae, higher than height of metascutellum; central propodeal area broad, smooth, glabrous, with few delicate, longitudinal rugae extending from nucha to 1/3 height of central propodeal area; lateral propodeal carina high, strongly curved outwards in mid-height; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with few setae and piliferous points. Nucha with irregular rugae.</p><p>Radial cell of fore wing 4.1× as long as broad; Rs+M distinct on 3/4 of distance to basalis and reaches basalis in lower 1/3 of its height. Areolet large, triangular, closed and distinct; wing margin with long cilia; Rs and R1 reach wing margin.</p><p>Metasoma as long as length of head+mesosoma, as high as long in lateral view; second metasomal tergite occupying nearly half of metasoma length in dorsal view, with few white setae laterally, all subsequent tergites without setae, smooth, glabrous. Ventral spine of hypopygium short, prominent part nearly 2.5–3.0× as long as broad in ventral view, with sparse, white subapical setae, extending beyond apex of spine; 4–5 long white setae present along ventral part of hypopygium. Body length 1.4–1.6 mm (n=5).</p><p>MALE. Similar to female. Eye and ocelli larger; antenna with 13 flagellomeres, slightly longer than length of body, F1 curved and swollen apically, 1.14× as long as F2, slightly longer than scape+pedicel; F2–F4 equal in length, 1.16× as long as F5–F8; F10 slightly longer than F9; F11=F12, F 13 1.1 × as long as F12; placoid sensillae on all flagellomeres. Body length 1.3–1.5 mm (n=5).</p><p>Gall (Fig. 138). Galls are cryptic and embedded in buds with 2–15 (n=10) cells clustered together. Infected buds remain their intact appearance; the presence of galls can only be determined through dissections or observation of emergence holes.</p><p>Biology. Only the sexual generation is known, which induces galls on Castanopsis uraiana . Mature galls were collected in late March, and adults emerged under laboratory conditions immediately after collecting and through until early April.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known only from Taiwan: Taoyuan County, Fushing Township.</p><p>Comments. All previously described Cycloneuroterus species are associated with Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis species with the exception of C. formosanus Tang &amp; Melika that galls Lithocarpus (Tang et al. 2011a, Ide et al. 2012, Abe et al. 2014b). The herein described C. uraianus induces galls on the genus Castanopsis, expanding the host range for Cycloneuroterus to three host genera within the Fagaceae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/347B594EFFF44A04FF43FD71CC38FBCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Chang-Ti;Sinclair, Frazer;Hearn, Jack;Yang, Man-Miao;Stone, Graham N.;Nicholls, James A.;Schwéger, Szabina;Melika, George	Tang, Chang-Ti, Sinclair, Frazer, Hearn, Jack, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A., Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George (2016): Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa 4088 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
