taxonID	type	description	language	source
3414244A6D0BED04FF13C9071432F903.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex Persea americana cv. not determined, 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca Villa del Sol, 04 ° 42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75 ° 450 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (MECP); El Cerrito: Finca Alvecia, 03 ° 38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76 ° 06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (MECP); Same data except ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth, 1 ’ (UVCO); Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (MECP); Same data, except, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D0BED04FF13C9071432F903.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nearctic: Mexico, USA. Neotropical: Brazil, Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad), Venezuela. Palaearctic: Ukraine, United Kingdom (England) (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D0BED04FF13C9071432F903.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was found on the underside of leaves of ‘ Booth 8 ’, ‘ Lorena’ and an undetermined native cultivar. This is the first record of this species from Colombia.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D0AED05FF13C9FF117DF928.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: El Cerrito: Finca La Alvecia, 03 ° 38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76 ° 06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 UVCO), 2 (MECP); Toro: Finca Toluca, 04 ° 40 ′ 24.9 ″ N, 76 ° 02 ′ 43.0 ″ W, 932 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D0AED05FF13C9FF117DF928.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D0AED05FF13C9FF117DF928.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was collected on the underside of leaves of the ‘ Lorena cultivar’. Known as the coconut scale, this species attacks many crops in tropical and subtropical regions. It has been recorded on 76 genera and 46 plant families (Borchsenius 1966). Aspidiotus destructor is commonly found on coconut palm, but is often found on other palms, fruit trees and ornamental plants (Miller Davidson and 2005).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D0AED06FF13CB7F13D9FEE3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Antioquia: Amagá: found on fruits sold at the “ III Congreso Latinoamericano del Aguacate ” held in Medellin, 12. xi. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Hass’, 4 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D0AED06FF13CB7F13D9FEE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D0AED06FF13CB7F13D9FEE3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. It is not a common species on avocado in Colombia. Aulacaspis tubercularis has been previously recorded on avocados (including Persea sp.) from Brazil and Mexico (Evans et al. 2009; Miller and Davidson 2005). See also comments for Hemiberlesia cyanophylli.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D09ED06FF13CD071422FC60.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Polonia, 04 ° 40 ′ 09.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 14.1 ″ W, 1369 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 17 ′ 56.0 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. not determined, 2 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 56.0 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 7 ’, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Same data except, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 2 (MECP); Same data except, 4. xi. 2008, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP); Same data except 28. x. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO); Finca Las Margaritas, 04 ° 17 ′ 37.1 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 18.0 ″ W, 1352 m, 26. v. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca El Chaquiro, 04 ° 17 ′ 00.0 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 24.7 ″ W, 1651 m, 02. iii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 2 (UVCO), 4 (MECP); Same data except ex avocado cv. ‘ Hass’, 1 (UVCO); El Cerrito: Finca La Alvecia, 03 ° 38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76 ° 06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D09ED06FF13CD071422FC60.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D09ED06FF13CD071422FC60.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi was found on the twigs of the following cultivars: ‘ Booth 7 ’, ‘ Booth 8 ’, ‘ Hass’, ‘ Lorena’, and an undetermined cultivar. This species is a serious pest of citrus, avocados and many tropical and subtropical plants (Miller and Davidson 2005).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D09ED07FF13CF871539FEA3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Caldas: Belalcazar: Peñitas, 1400 m, coll. A. Ramos, ex avocado cv. ‘ Hass’, 1 (MECP). Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Esmeralda, 04 ° 39 ′ 58.4 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 27.4 ″ W, 1223 m, 16. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO); Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado ‘ Booth 8 ’, 2 (UVCO); 2 (MECP); Same data except coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Same data except 28. x. 2008, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO); Same data except 28. x. 2008, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO); Same data, except no coordinates nor elevation given, 9. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 1 (MECP); Finca Villa del Sol, 04 ° 42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cultivar ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca El Chaquiro, 04 ° 17 ′ 00.0 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 24.7 ″ W, 1651 m, 02. iii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Hass’, 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Same data except ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO); Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 56 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Same data except, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP); Same data except coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO); Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 9. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Same data, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (MECP); Finca Linares, 04 ° 17 ′ 53.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 50.9 ″ W, 1490 m, 2. iii. 2009, coll. A. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO); El Cerrito: Finca La Alvecia, 03 ° 38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76 ° 06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’, 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Same data except, 03 ° 38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76 ° 06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP); Ulloa: Finca La Catalina, 04 ° 41 ′ 38.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 10.4 ″ W, 1301 m, 4. v. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Santana’, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D09ED07FF13CF871539FEA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D09ED07FF13CF871539FEA3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was found on the underside of avocado leaves on the following cultivars: ‘ Booth 8 ’, ‘ Choquette’, ‘ Hass’, ‘ Lorena’ and an undetermined cultivar. The Cyanophyllum scale, H. cyanophylli is highly polyphagous and has been recorded on 75 genera in 18 plant families (Borchsenius 1966). Hemiberlesia cyanophylli, A. tubercularis and C. dictyospermi are frequently found on the fruit of ‘ Hass’ avocado, although their damage appears to be only cosmetic. It should be noted that we did not find any other diaspidid species on fruits of other avocado cultivars. This could be due to the rugose texture of the fruit of ‘ Hass’ avocados, which provides a perfect place for feeding and settling. These three diaspidid species are here considered of quarantine importance because they can be found on fruit.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CDC712D8FD23.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO); Same data except 04 ° 17 ′ 56.0 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO); Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 56 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00 ″ W, 1376 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 3 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 9. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CDC712D8FD23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CDC712D8FD23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The latania scale, H. lataniae is a highly polyphagous cosmopolitan species. It has been recorded on 278 genera in 78 plant families (Borchsenius 1966). In the present study we found this species only on twigs of the ‘ Lorena’ cultivar.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CF4714A9FB60.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, ex avocado cv. ‘ Lorena’, coll. J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO); Same data except 04 ° 17 ′ 56 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO); Same data except, coordinates and altitude not given, 9. xii. 2008, ex avocado ‘ Booth’ 8, 1 (UVCO); Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 56 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Same data, except 4. xi. 2008, 1 (MECP); El Cerrito: Finca La Alvecia, 03 ° 38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76 ° 06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CF4714A9FB60.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CF4714A9FB60.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We found H. palmae on the twigs of ‘ Lorena’ and ‘ Booth 8 ’ cultivars. Originally described from Jamaica and reported from many tropical countries on numerous host plants (Williams and Watson 1988 a). This diaspidid species has been considered a pest of oil palm and banana in Malaysia where it can be found in large numbers on the leaves of these plants (Borchsenius 1966).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13C8871471FA00.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 56 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (MECP); Same data except 31. x. 2008, 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13C8871471FA00.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13C8871471FA00.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hemiberlesia rapax was found on the leaves of the ‘ Booth 8 ’ cultivar. This species has been recorded on 117 species in 60 plant families (Borchsenius 1966) and is considered one of the 43 most damaging diaspidid species to agriculture (Beardsley and González 1975).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CA67159FF900.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia: Valle del Cauca: Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 56.0 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP); Same data except, 31. x. 2008, 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CA67159FF900.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs in tropical areas around the world (Miller and Davidson 2005).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED07FF13CA67159FF900.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the present study, H. biclavis was found on twigs of the ‘ Lorena’ cultivar. The mining scale, H. biclavis is highly polyphagous and has been recorded on 41 plant families (Borchsenius 1966).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED08FF13CB6714AEFD83.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca Santacruz, 04 ° 39 ′ 47.1 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 20.7 ″ W, 1223 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 09. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Same data except 03 ° 38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76 ° 06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED08FF13CB6714AEFD83.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Afrotropical: Angola, Cameroon, Guinea, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe. Australasian: Australia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Western Samoa. Nearctic: Mexico, USA. Neotropical: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru. Oriental: India, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan. Palaearctic: Azores, China, Egypt, Japan, Madeira Islands, Portugal, Sicily, Spain (Ben-Dov et al. 2015). The araucaria black scale, L. rossi was originally described on araucaria in Australia, but since then it has been recorded from many tropical countries and temperate regions (Williams and Watson 1988 a).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D08ED08FF13CB6714AEFD83.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lindingaspis rossi was found on the underside of leaves of the ‘ Lorena’ variety. This species has been recorded on a wide range of plants, often causing chlorosis and in some cases defoliation (Williams and Watson 1988 a). This is the first record of L. rossi from Colombia.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED08FF13CEE71499FC63.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Same data except 19. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED08FF13CEE71499FC63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED08FF13CEE71499FC63.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We found M. personata on the upper surface of avocado leaves of the ‘ Lorena’ cultivar. This species is very small, only measuring about 1 mm in diameter (Evans et al. 2009). The species is fairly polyphagous and has been recorded on 17 plant families (Ben-Dov et al. 2015). In Colombia, M. personata is commonly found on the leaves of mango and Ficus spp., but in small numbers and it is not considered of economic importance in Colombia (T. Kondo, personal observation).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED08FF13CF87118AFB23.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED08FF13CF87118AFB23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015). Its origin is probably southern Asia where it is common, but it has spread onto Africa, the Malagasian area and tropical America (Williams and Watson 1988 a).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED08FF13CF87118AFB23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We found P. trilobitiformis on the underside of the main vein of the leaf of the ‘ Booth’ cultivar. It has been found in great numbers on plants; however, they seem to cause little damage (Williams and Watson 1988 a).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED09FF13C94715A9FD63.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca Campoalegre, 04 ° 38 ′ 26.6 ″ N, 75 ° 47 ′ 27.1 ″ W, 1257 m, 23. ii. 2009, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca La Esmeralda, 04 ° 39 ′ 58.4 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 27.4 ″ W, 1223 m, 16. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO); Finca La Giralda, 04 ° 17 ′ 44.2 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 32.8 ″ W, 1717 m, 09. ii. 2009, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca Santacruz, 04 ° 39 ′ 47.1 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 20.7 ″ W, 1223 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 7 (MECP); Finca El Edén, 04 ° 39 ′ 38.4 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 33.1 ″ W, 1421 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 2 (MECP); Finca Villa del Sol, 04 ° 42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 2 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 56.0 ″ N, 75 º 53 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, Coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca El Jardín, 04 ° 18 ′ 18.4 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1622 m, 16. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 3 (MECP); Finca Linares, 04 ° 17 ′ 53.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 50.9 ″ W, 1490 m, 02. iii. 2009, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 2 (MECP); Finca Las Margaritas, 04 ° 17 ′ 37.1 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 18.0 ″ W, 1352 m, 26. v. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 3 (MECP); Cali: Portada: 03 ° 27 ′ 16.1 ″ N, 76 ° 33 ′ 06.5 ″ W, 1068 m, 31. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 5 (MECP); El Cerrito: Finca La Alvecia, 03 ° 38 ′ 51.1 ″ N, 76 ° 06 ′ 14.7 ″ W, 1925 m, 19. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cultivar not determined, 2 (MECP); Ulloa: Finca La Catalina, 04 ° 41 ′ 38.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 10.4 ″ W, 1301 m, 04. v. 2009, coll. A Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Choquette’, 1 (UVCO); Same data except, ex avocado cv. ‘ Santana’, 2 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED09FF13C94715A9FD63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Afrotropical: Tanzania. Australasian: Hawaiian Islands (Oahu), New Zealand (North Island). Nearctic: Mexico, USA. Neotropical: Argentina, Bahamas, Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, U. S. Virgin Islands. Oriental: India, Sri Lanka. Palaearctic: Belgium (in greenhouses.), Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Madeira Islands, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (England) (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D07ED09FF13C94715A9FD63.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides commonly known as the false parlatoria scale is probably native to tropical America (Miller and Davidson 2008). We found it at different altitudes ranging between 967 to 1925 m, on avocados of the following cultivars: ‘ Booth 8 ’, ‘ Choquette’, ‘ Santana’ and ‘ Trinidad’. This species is found on the underside of the leaves and live crowded in large groups up to 600 individuals per leaf, and in this situation it causes chlorosis symptoms (J. Muñoz, personal observation).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13CE8711D6FC23.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Lorena’, 1 (UVCO); same data except ex avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 1 (MECP); Same data except 19. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13CE8711D6FC23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nearctic: Mexico. Neotropical: Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13CE8711D6FC23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We found the species near the main veins on the upper leaf surface of leaves of the ‘ Lorena’ and ‘ Trinidad’ cultivars.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Esmeralda, 04 ° 39 ′ 58.4 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 27.4 ″ W, 1223 m, 16. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO); Caicedonia, Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 09. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nearctic: Mexico, USA. Neotropical: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, U. S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13C84715A6FAA3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was found on the upper surface of leaves of the ‘ Lorena’ and ‘ Trinidad’ cultivars. It is similar to P. acephala but it has a broader pygidium and a less pointed apex (Evans et al. 2009).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13C9C714F3F9A3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Pastora, 04 ° 39 ′ 41.6 ″ N, 75 ° 47 ′ 46.6 ″ W, 1240 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, 4 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Ulloa: Finca La Catalina, 04 ° 41 ′ 38.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 10.4 ″ W, 1301 m, 16. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Santana’, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13C9C714F3F9A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED09FF13C9C714F3F9A3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Selenaspidus articulatus is a tropicopolitan species (Williams and Watson 1988 a). This species was found on the upper surface of leaves of the ‘ Lorena’ and ‘ Santana’ cultivars.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED0AFF13CB67110BFC83.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca El Jardín, 04 ° 18 ′ 18.4 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1622 m, 16. ii. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED0AFF13CB67110BFC83.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from Colombia (Kondo 2010).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED0AFF13CB67110BFC83.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The Cottony avocado scale, B. aguacatae was originally collected in Anserma, department of Caldas, Colombia, on ‘ Booth 8 ’ and ‘ Hass’ cultivars (Kondo 2010). In the present study we additionally collected the species from the ‘ Lorena’ cultivar in the department of Valle del Cauca. The insects have been found on tree branches and twigs of three avocado cultivars. Tiny parasitic wasps have been found emerging from the body of old females and the larvae of a species of syrphid fly (Diptera: Syrphidae) have been found feeding on the coccid nymphs (Kondo 2010). The ant Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) has been found tending the soft scale, and sooty moulds regularly grow on their produced honeydew covering branches, leaves and fruit (Kondo 2010). Ceroplastes fl oridensis Comstock	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED0AFF13CB67110BFC83.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia: Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 17 ′ 56.0 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (UVCO); Finca Villa del Sol, 04 ° 42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02. xii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED0AFF13CB67110BFC83.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D06ED0AFF13CB67110BFC83.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ceroplastes floridensis was found on the upper surface of leaves of ‘ Booth 8 ’ and ‘ Lorena’ cultivars.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D05ED0AFF13CFE715BBF923.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Same data except cv. ‘ Booth 7 ’, 1 (UVCO); same data except coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 17 ′ 56.0 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (UVCO); Same data, except coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP); Finca Villa del Sol, 04 ° 42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02. xii. 2009, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Same data, except avocado cv. ‘ Trinidad’, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca La Pastora, 04 ° 39 ′ 41.6 ″ N, 75 ° 47 ′ 46.6 ″ W, 1240 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca La Esmeralda, 04 ° 39 ′ 58.4 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 27.4 ″ W, 1223 m, 02. xii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Las Margaritas, 04 ° 17 ′ 37.1 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 18.0 ″ W, 1352 m, 26. v. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); same data except coll. avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’); Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Same data except 19. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO); Ulloa: Finca La Catalina, 04 ° 41 ′ 38.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 10.4 ″ W, 1301 m, 04. v. 2009, coll., T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D05ED0AFF13CFE715BBF923.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Afrotropical: Kenya, Reunion, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zanzibar. Australasian: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia (Tahiti), Guam, Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii), Indonesia (Java), Kiribati; New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau; Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Western Samoa. Nearctic: USA. Neotropical: Colombia, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico. Oriental: China, India, Malaysia, Maldives, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam. Palaearctic: China, Egypt, Hungary, Japan, South Korea (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D05ED0AFF13CFE715BBF923.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We found the red wax scale, C. rubens on the upper surface of leaves of ‘ Booth 7 ’, ‘ Booth 8 ’, ‘ Choquette’, ‘ Lorena’ and ‘ Trinidad’ cultivars. This species was recorded for the first time in Colombia on leaves of the ornamental plants Philodendron sp. and Aglaonema sp. (Araliaceae) (Kondo 2008).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D05ED0BFF13CB4714C2FE63.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO), Same data except, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP); 3 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Las Margaritas, 04 ° 17 ′ 37.1 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 18.0 ″ W, 1352 m, 26. v. 2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D05ED0BFF13CB4714C2FE63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D05ED0BFF13CB4714C2FE63.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A tropicopolitan species commonly found on leaves and twigs (Hamon and Williams 1984). We found this species on the underside of leaves of ‘ Booth’, ‘ Hass’ and ‘ Lorena’ cultivars.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D04ED0BFF13CD871401FC63.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Caicedonia: Finca Linares, 04 ° 17 ′ 53.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 50.9 ″ W, 1490 m, 02. iii. 2009, coll. J. Ramos, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D04ED0BFF13CD871401FC63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Afrotropical: Agalega Islands, Angola, Cape Verde, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Saint Helena, Sao Tome, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Australasian: American Samoa, Australia, Bonin Islands, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii); Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Western Samoa. Nearctic: Mexico, USA. Neotropical: Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Puerto Rico, U. S. Virgin Islands. Oriental: Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand. Palaearctic: Canary Islands; China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia; United Kingdom (England) (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D04ED0BFF13CD871401FC63.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Of tropicopolitan distribution. Coccus longulus was found on the underside of the leaves of avocado alongside the secondary veins on avocado of the ‘ Booth’ cultivar.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D04ED0BFF13CF87148FF8C3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca El Edén, 04 ° 39 ′ 38.4 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 33.1 ″ W, 1421 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. T. Kondo, 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca La Polonia, 04 ° 40 ′ 09.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 14.1 ″ W, 1369 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP); Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias., J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca Villa del Sol, 04 ° 42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP). Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 55.9 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.2 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 09. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 4 (MECP); Finca El Jardín, 04 ° 18 ′ 18.4 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1622 m, 16. ii. 2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca La Giralda, 04 ° 17 ′ 44.2 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 32.8 ″ W, 1717 m, 09. ii. 2009, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 4 (MECP); Finca Las Margaritas, 04 ° 17 ′ 37.1 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 18.0 ″ W, 1352 m, 26. v. 2009, coll. A. Arias, T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 3 (UVCO), 4 (MECP); Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP). Ulloa: Finca La Catalina, 04 ° 41 ′ 38.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 10.4 ″ W, 1301 m, 04. v. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, H. Rodríguez, ex avocado cv. ‘ Santana’, 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D04ED0BFF13CF87148FF8C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Afrotropical: Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion, South Africa, Zimbabwe. Nearctic: USA. Neotropical: Argentina, Bermuda, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trinidad, U. S. Virgin Islands. Oriental: Taiwan, Vietnam. Palaearctic: Azores, Canary Islands, Crete, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Madeira Islands, Malta, Portugal, Spain (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D04ED0BFF13CF87148FF8C3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was found on the underside of leaves of ‘ Booth 8 ’, ‘ Lorena’, ‘ Santana’ and ‘ Trinidad’ cultivars. Protopulvinaria pyriformis was one of the most common soft scales on avocado in the studied area. It was found associated with sootymolds in trees with high populations of the insect. In the field, larvae of a species of Syrphidae were observed feeding on the soft scales.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0CFF13CE2411EBFC03.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 17 ′ 56 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 1 (UVCO); Hacienda La Polonia, 04 ° 40 ′ 09.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 14.1 ″ W, 1369 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 09. ii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Las Margaritas, 04 ° 17 ′ 37.1 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 18.0 ″ W, 1352 m, 26. v. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), (2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0CFF13CE2411EBFC03.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0CFF13CE2411EBFC03.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The hemispherical scale, S. coffeae was found on both leaf surfaces of avocados of ‘ Booth’ and ‘ Lorena’ cultivars.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0CFF13C8641355F983.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca Los Alpes, 04 ° 42 ′ 24.8 ″ N, 75 ° 49 ′ 01.0 ″ W, 1194 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca Villa del Sol, 04 ° 42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca La Pastora, 04 ° 39 ′ 41.6 ″ N, 75 ° 47 ′ 46.6 ″ W, 1240 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP). Caicedonia: Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 09. ii. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca El Chaquiro, 04 ° 17 ′ 00.0 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 24.7 ″ W, 1651 m; Finca Las Margaritas, 04 ° 17 ′ 37.1 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 18.0 ″ W, 1352 m, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO). Palmira: Rozo, Finca Brasil, 03 ° 36 ′ 36.0 ″ N, 76 ° 25 ′ 08.5 ″ W, 967 m, 10. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, 1 (MECP). Ulloa: Finca La Catalina, 04 ° 41 ′ 38.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 10.4 ″ W, 1301 m, 04. v. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0CFF13C8641355F983.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australasian: Vanuatu. Nearctic: Mexico, USA. Neotropical: Argentina, Belize, Bermuda, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Galapagos Islands, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, U. S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela. Oriental: Hong Kong (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0CFF13C8641355F983.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the present study, the Caribbean black scale, S. neglecta was commonly found on twigs of ‘ Booth 8 ’, ‘ Lorena’, ‘ Santana’ and ‘ Trinidad’ cultivars.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0DFF13CA8412EAFF23.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca Santacruz, 04 ° 39 ′ 47.1 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 20.7 ″ W, 1223 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP). Caicedonia: Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 55.9 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.2 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. T. Kondo, 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0DFF13CA8412EAFF23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tropicopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D03ED0DFF13CA8412EAFF23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The pineapple mealybug, D. brevipes is a polyphagous species. In the present study, it was found on the leaves of the ‘ Lorena’ cultivar.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13CD441330FE23.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Cali: Portada al mar, 03 ° 27 ′ 16.1 ″ N, 76 ° 33 ′ 06.5 ″ W, 1068 m, 31. xii. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex Leaf of avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13CD441330FE23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species occurs in Colombia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico and Peru (Kaydan and Gullan 2012).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13CD441330FE23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This polyphagous mealybug was recently described by Kaydan and Gullan (2012). Ferrisia kondoi is usually found on the leaves of its host.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13CE44157EFBC3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Polonia, 04 ° 40 ′ 09.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 14.1 ″ W, 1369 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, ex Avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 3 (UVCO); Finca La Porra, 04 ° 40 ′ 13.1 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 34.3 ″ W, 1395 m, 10. xi. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex Leaves of avocado cv. ‘ Booth 8 ’, 2 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca Villa del Sol, 04 ° 42 ′ 06.1 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 00.5 ″ W, 1215 m, 02. xii. 2008, coll. A. Arias, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 3 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca Santacruz, 04 ° 39 ′ 47.1 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 20.7 ″ W, 1223 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca La Pastora, 04 ° 39 ′ 41.6 ″ N, 75 ° 47 ′ 46.6 ″ W, 1240 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex Avocado cv. ‘ Choquette’, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 09. xii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO), 3 (MECP); Finca El Palmar, 04 ° 17 ′ 55.9 ″ N, 75 ° 53 ′ 00.2 ″ W, 1376 m, 28. x. 2008, coll. T. Kondo, 1 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Varsovia: Hacienda La Polonia, 04 ° 40 ′ 09.8 ″ N, 75 ° 45 ′ 14.1 ″ W, 1369 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. J. Muñoz, 1 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13CE44157EFBC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia (Kaydan and Gullan 2012).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13CE44157EFBC3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ferrisia williamsi was recently described by Kaydan and Gullan (2012) and is the most common mealybug found on avocado leaves, branches, twigs and flowers in the present study.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13C82415B3FAE3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Caicedonia: Finca El Chaquiro, 04 ° 17 ′ 00.0 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 24.7 ″ W, 1651 m, 02. iii. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Booth’, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, 2 (UVCO), 2 (MECP); Finca El Jardín, 04 ° 18 ′ 18.4 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 00.0 ″ W, 1622 m, 16. ii. 2009, coll. A. Arias, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 7 (UVCO), 2 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13C82415B3FAE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13C82415B3FAE3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Nipaecoccus nipae was found on the underside of leaves of ‘ Booth’ and ‘ Lorena’ cultivars.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13C9071438F8C3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca El Edén, 04 ° 39 ′ 38.4 ″ N, 75 ° 44 ′ 33.1 ″ W, 1421 m, 31. x. 2008, coll. A. Arias, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Finca La Pastora, 04 ° 39 ′ 41.6 ″ N, 75 ° 47 ′ 46.6 ″ W, 1240 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, 1 (UVCO); Finca Santacruz, 04 ° 39 ′ 47.1 ″ N, 75 ° 48 ′ 20.7 ″ W, 1223 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, 1 (UVCO), 1 (MECP); Caicedonia: Finca El Chaquiro, 04 ° 17 ′ 00.0 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 24.7 ″ W, 1651 m, 02. iii. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13C9071438F8C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Afrotropical: Ivory Coast, Reunion, Seychelles. Australasian: Federated States of Micronesia, Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii). Australasian: Indonesia. Australasian: Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu. Nearctic: Canada, Mexico, USA. Neotropical: Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Galapagos Islands, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Martin, Trinidad and Tobago; U. S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela. Oriental: Brunei, India, Cambodia, Malaysia, Maldives, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D02ED0DFF13C9071438F8C3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species was collected on leaves of the ‘ Hass’ cultivar.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CE4715A3FCC3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia, Valle del Cauca: Alcalá: Finca La Pastora, 04 ° 39 ′ 41.6 ″ N, 75 ° 47 ′ 46.6 ″ W, 1240 m, 27. iv. 2009, coll. J. Muñoz, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 1 (UVCO).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CE4715A3FCC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia (Kondo and Gullan 2005).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CE4715A3FCC3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. We found a single specimen of A. colombiana on the twig of a tree of the ‘ Lorena’ cultivar. Austrotachardiella colombiana was originally described by Kondo and Gullan (2005) based on specimens collected on two cultivars of guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae). This is the first record of this species on avocado worldwide. It is not considered a species of economic importance on avocados.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13C96713A1FA43.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Antioquia: Rionegro, Corpoica, Centro de Investigación La Selva, 17. ix. 2008, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 3 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13C96713A1FA43.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Neotropical: Colombia (Jakubski 1965; Kondo and Gómez 2008).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13C96713A1FA43.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first record of the species on avocado.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CA47125DF883.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Caicedonia, Finca Corinto, 04 ° 17 ′ 04.2 ″ N, 75 ° 51 ′ 53.9 ″ W, 1650 m, 20. iv. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. Papelillo (Lorena), 4 (BME); Finca La Cabaña, 04 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″ N, 75 ° 50 ′ 39.4 ″ W, 1705 m, 09. ii. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 3 (BME).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CA47125DF883.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Neotropical: Colombia (Foldi and Watson 2001).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CA47125DF883.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Specimens were kindly identified by Dr. Penny Gullan (The Australian National University, Australia) as Laurencella colombiana based on immature specimens, which were compared to immature specimens of L. colombiana collected from the type locality and collector of the type material (P. Gullan, personal communication).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CFE41441FBA3.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Colombia. Valle del Cauca: Palmira: 03 ° 32 ′ 18.9 ″ N, 76 ° 18 ′ 04.2 ″ W, 1022 m, 17. iv. 2009, coll. T. Kondo, ex avocado cv. ‘ Papelillo’ (‘ Lorena’), 3 (UVCO), 4 (MECP).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CFE41441FBA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Neotropical: Antigua, Bahamas, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, U. S. Virgin Islands, Venezuela (Ben-Dov et al. 2015).	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
3414244A6D01ED0EFF13CFE41441FBA3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Puto barberi was found in the city of Palmira, on leaves and twigs of an avocado tree planted along a sidewalk. This is the first report of P. barberi on avocado in Colombia.	en	Kondo, Takumasa, Muñoz, Jazmín Adriana (2016): Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with avocado crop, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) in Valle del Cauca and neighboring departments of Colombia. Insecta Mundi 2016 (465): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4645809
