identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3B5C87F3FFBA9A4FFF2AFC51FBFD1E8F.text	3B5C87F3FFBA9A4FFF2AFC51FBFD1E8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterolepidoderma Remane 1927	<div><p>Genus Heterolepidoderma Remane, 1927 (a)</p><p>Typus generis: Heterolepidoderma ocellatum (Mečnikow, 1865) Terra typica: Russia</p><p>Locality Geographic Site Date Salinity Species Number of coordinates individuals</p><p>οf Gdans, Sοpοt 54ο27'10'' N 28 09⁄2012 7.49PSU Halichaetonotus balticus Kisielewski, 1975 2 18ο34'02'' E Halichaetonotus lamellatus Kisielewski, 1975 1 Halichaetonotus schromi Kisielewski, 1975 1 Xenotrichula intermedia Remane, 1934 50 Turbanella cornuta Remane, 1925 12</p><p>οf Gdansk, 54°27'10'' N, 29 10⁄2013 7.49PSU Xenotrichula intermedia Remane, 1934 1</p><p>Sοpοt 18°34'06'' E</p><p>Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853 28 Turbanella cornuta Remane, 1925 2</p><p>οf Gdansk, 54ο29'58'' N 27 09⁄2012 7.99PSU Halichaetonotus balticus Kisielewski, 1975 1</p><p>Gdynia 18ο34'78'' E Xenotrichula intermedia Remane, 1934 17 Turbanella cornuta Remane, 1925 55 Bay, Hel 54°36'22"N 19 09⁄2012 7.69PSU Xenotrichula velox Remane, 1927 (c) 110 18°47'58"E Turbanella cornuta Remane, 1925 130</p><p>Seashοre, Hel 54ο36'31'' N 18 09⁄2012 8.29PSU Halichaetonotus balticus Kisielewski, 1975 1 18ο49'65'' E</p><p>Xenotrichula velox Remane, 1927 (c) 27 Turbanella cornuta Remane, 1925 49</p><p>Seashοre, Οsetnik 54°48'84'' N, 10 09⁄2013 8.13PSU Xenotrichula intermedia Remane, 1934 1 17°50'63'' E</p><p>Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853 2 Turbanella cornuta Remane, 1925 6</p><p>Seashοre, Lubiatοwο 54°47'72'' N, 11 09⁄2013 7.88PSU Xenotrichula intermedia Remane, 1934 5 17°43'79'' E Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853 5 Turbanella cornuta Remane, 1925 3 25 20 es</p><p>!</p><p>spec 15</p><p>ºf ΜDʗɼodDsγ!dDe Νumber 10 ʗhDetonot!dDe 5 0</p><p>ˈ ˈˈ ˈˈˈ ˈV V Vˈ</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C87F3FFBA9A4FFF2AFC51FBFD1E8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kolicka, Małgorzata;Kisielewski, Jacek;Kotwicki, Lech;Zawierucha, Krzysztof;Grzelak, Katarzyna	Kolicka, Małgorzata, Kisielewski, Jacek, Kotwicki, Lech, Zawierucha, Krzysztof, Grzelak, Katarzyna (2014): Checklist of Gastrotricha of the Polish Baltic Sea with the first reports of Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kånneby, 2011, and Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853. Zootaxa 3869 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.2.1
3B5C87F3FFB49A54FF2AFC3CFE151B94.text	3B5C87F3FFB49A54FF2AFC3CFE151B94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kanneby 2011	<div><p>Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kånneby, 2011</p><p>(Figs 4–10; Table 4)</p><p>Localities: Sites 20, 25</p><p>Material: 9 specimens (6 adults and 3 juveniles), 8 photographed. The micro-photographs are available at the Natural History Collections at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and in the collection of the first author.</p><p>Short description: Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kånneby, 2011, is a small-sized species. The body is stocky with a slightly marked neck constriction. The five-lobed head has a semicircular shape with a developed cephalion (U1–U2) and two pairs of pleuria (U3–U6). The cephalion and hypopleuria are well visible in the body outline, while the epipleuria are barely visible. The hypopleuria are approximately two times longer than the epipleuria. Two pairs of cephalic ciliary tufts are present. The first pair (four cilia per tuft) is located between the cephalion and the epipleuria (at U2); the second pair of ciliary tufts (five cilia per tuft) arises between the epipleuria and hypopleuria (at U4). In each ciliary tuft one cilium is considerably longer than the rest. Ocellar granules are absent. The mouth ring is situated subterminally at U2–U3 and possesses leaf-like reinforcements. The hypostomium is kidney-shaped and located at U4. There are weak transverse cuticular bars near the anterior hypostomium edges. The head is slightly delimited from the trunk by a neck constriction that gradually widens into the trunk. The trunk’s greatest width is found approximately two-thirds down the length of the body (ca. U68), then tapers into the furca (U88). The furcal branches are unparallel with thin, slightly tapering, adhesive tubes pointing somewhat outward at their distal ends.</p><p>The head, neck, and trunk on the dorsal, dorsolateral, lateral, ventrolateral, and ventral sides are covered with scales with pronounced keels and visible edges. The scales are arranged in 36–40 longitudinal alternating rows, with 23–24 scales in each row. The longitudinal rows of scales begin directly after the cephalion and pleuria. The median longitudinal row of dorsal scales is straight, except in the neck constriction, where it is replaced by two longitudinal rows of diagonally arranged scales, while the longitudinal rows on either side of the median converge toward the narrower parts of the body. A pair of large rounded keeled scales is present just at the base of the furcal branches at U87. Just posterior to these scales, an additional pair of keeled scales is situated on the inner edge of each furcal branch. The head and neck scales have a rounded rhomboidal shape and prominent keels. In the trunk, the dorsal, dorsolateral and lateral scales are hemi-elliptical in shape with prominent keels. Two pairs of sensory bristles are present: the anterior pair anchored by papillae (at U23) and the posterior pair anchored by doublekeeled scales (at U85).</p><p>On the ventral surface, the longitudinal ciliary bands start directly after the hypostomium (from U4). The pharynx section (from U4 to U24) of the interciliary field is naked, without any scales. The intestinal section of interciliary field (from U25 to U87) is covered with one-lobed keeled scales arranged alternately, close and next to one another. These scales have the shape of elongated, narrow ovals (Figs. 4 C, 8C, 9E). The sizes of interciliary field scales increase from the beginning to the end of intestinal section. Only the keels are clearly visible, and they are situated in alternating longitudinal rows of 9–10 scales. The ventral terminal scales of the interciliary field are arranged in two pairs and consist of scales that are significantly longer than the other interciliary scales. They are of an oval, elongated shape and are situated at U87. The ventral terminal scales possess keels and straight spines extending beyond the furcal indentation.</p><p>The pharynx has a well-developed anterior dilatation and a posterior dilatation that is wider than the anterior dilatation. Cuticular reinforcements are present in the anterior dilatation. These reinforcements are composed of two weakly developed merged rods. The pharynx is connected via the pharyngeal intestinal junction to the straight intestine without a separate enzymatic section.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks: The specimens found in the Baltic Sea correspond well with the morphological features from the original description (Kånneby 2011). However, adult individuals are noticeably larger than the Swedish specimens (121.2–124.9 Μm vs. 94–105 Μm), which could have been caused by specific living conditions (e.g., lower temperature fluctuations in a large basin, a different structure of the habitat, feeding conditions, or adaptation to brackish water). The sizes of the identified juvenile specimens (94.5–106.9 Μm) corresponded to the values given in the original description. Additionally, the number of scales in a single longitudinal row and the total number of longitudinal rows of scales was higher (23–24 scales vs. 22–23 scales and 36–40 scales vs. 34–38 scales, respectively).</p><p>This species was originally described from a freshwater habitat; thus, new records of H. joermungandri are based solely on morphological traits. However, if molecular data reveal great and discontinuous genetic variance between different populations of this taxon, the current opinion that the species is widely distributed may be refuted in favor of a species complex hypothesis.</p><p>Differential diagnosis: H. joermungandri most closely resembles H. macrops Kisielewski, 1981, H. jureiense Kisielewski, 1991, H. dimentmani Kisielewski, 1999, and H. caudosquamatum Grilli, Kristensen &amp; Balsamo, 2009, but differs from:</p><p>H. macrops in terms of: body shape (the head of H. macrops is more rectangular, has clearly visible epipleuria and hypopleuria, and has more pronounced neck constriction and H. macrops has less marked furca base), body length ( H. macrops measures 127–148 Μm), and the type, shape, position, and number of scales (the scales have uniform shape on the whole body and lower keel, run nonparallel, i.e., they converge in the neck and trunk areas in H. macrops and are distributed in 45–52 longitudinal rows).</p><p>smallest and the largest structure found among all specimens measured, SD – standard deviation.</p><p>…… continued on the next page H. jureiense in terms of: body shape (the head of H. jureiense has three lobes with one pair of laterally protruding pleuria and a single pair of cephalic cilia, and it reaches the greatest width in the posterior section from ca. U75 to U85), the type and number of scales (the scale edges are barely visible, the scales have lower keel, and the first ventral row of the cuticular formations located near to the locomotory ciliary bands consists of delicate lamellae; scales are distributed in 35 longitudinal rows of 19–24 scales each in H. jureiense), shape and type of posteriormost interciliary field scale (only one pair of terminal, spineless scales is in the ventral interciliary field in H. jureiense), and the structure of the pharynx (the anterior pharynx dilatation is wider than the posterior dilatation in H. jureiense).</p><p>H. dimentmani in terms of: body shape (the head of H. dimentmani has five clearly visible lobes with overlapping, protruding epipleuria and hypopleuria of equal sizes, and has the head much wider than the neck; the furcal branches run nonparallel and the tips of the adhesive tubes are located widely apart in H. dimentmani), body length ( H. dimentmani measures 78–87 Μm), and the type, shape, position, and number of scales (the scale edges are unclear, the scales have lower keel and are distributed in 28 longitudinal rows in H. dimentmani), the structure of the pharynx (the anterior dilatation is wider than the posterior dilatation in H. dimentmani), and the structure of the cuticular reinforcement of the pharynx (the cuticular reinforcement of the pharynx comprises two pairs of strong, cuticular rods and two cuticular granules located near the bars in H. dimentmani).</p><p>H. caudosquamatum in terms of: head shape (the head of H. caudosquamatum is shorter and more rectangular, has clearly visible epipleuria and hypopleuria), body length ( H. caudosquamatum measures 114–118 Μm), shape of hypostomium (trapezoidal shaped hypostomium is in H. caudosquamatum), the type, shape, position, and number of scales (scales with spiny process (with short spines) are in H. caudosquamatum; H. caudosquamatum has ventral longitudinal rows of scales with smaller scales with a lamellar expansion (hydrofoils scales); H. caudosquamatum has one unpaired, large, subrectrangular, smooth plate that lies at the furca indentation and has two small keeled scales located on the dorsal base of each furcal branch; the scales are distributed in 27–29 longitudinal rows with 25–27 scales in each row in H. caudosquamatum), and shape and type of posteriormost interciliary field scale (narrow scales with keels, without spines are in H. caudosquamatum).</p><p>Distribution: Previously recorded only in freshwater habitat from the Sphagnum spp. rock pool in small island Skarvesäter, Sweden (Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C87F3FFB49A54FF2AFC3CFE151B94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kolicka, Małgorzata;Kisielewski, Jacek;Kotwicki, Lech;Zawierucha, Krzysztof;Grzelak, Katarzyna	Kolicka, Małgorzata, Kisielewski, Jacek, Kotwicki, Lech, Zawierucha, Krzysztof, Grzelak, Katarzyna (2014): Checklist of Gastrotricha of the Polish Baltic Sea with the first reports of Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kånneby, 2011, and Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853. Zootaxa 3869 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.2.1
3B5C87F3FFAE9A55FF2AFEACFE711DEE.text	3B5C87F3FFAE9A55FF2AFEACFE711DEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turbanella Schultze 1853	<div><p>Genus Turbanella Schultze, 1853</p><p>Typus generis: Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853 Terra typica: North Sea</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C87F3FFAE9A55FF2AFEACFE711DEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kolicka, Małgorzata;Kisielewski, Jacek;Kotwicki, Lech;Zawierucha, Krzysztof;Grzelak, Katarzyna	Kolicka, Małgorzata, Kisielewski, Jacek, Kotwicki, Lech, Zawierucha, Krzysztof, Grzelak, Katarzyna (2014): Checklist of Gastrotricha of the Polish Baltic Sea with the first reports of Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kånneby, 2011, and Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853. Zootaxa 3869 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.2.1
3B5C87F3FFAE9A50FF2AFE64FD021EA5.text	3B5C87F3FFAE9A50FF2AFE64FD021EA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turbanella hyalina Schultze 1853	<div><p>Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853</p><p>(Figs 11–14; Table 5)</p><p>Localities: Sites 27, 28, and 29</p><p>Materials: 35 specimens (19 adults, 12 subadults, and 4 juvenile), all photographed.</p><p>The micro-photographs are available in the Natural History Collections at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and in the collection of the first author.</p><p>Short description: Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853, is a medium body-sized species in comparison to other Macrodasyida . The body is slender and tapers towards the posterior end. The head is without distinctly marked conical appendages (palpal organs) and with only a very flat protrusion with a group of sensory cilia on the top and sculptured in front, and a snout-like oral protuberance, bearing a circumcephalic band of cilia. Neck constriction is slight, starting just above the anterior adhesive tubes at U4 and ending at U5. Trunk with a slightly wavy appearance, protruding with every lateral adhesive tube and of approximately uniform width, gradually tapering towards caudal lobes. The caudum is small and narrower than the trunk, with a short medial cone. Epidermal glands are from small to medium (1.1–12.2 Μm), usually distributed in two columns. The anterior adhesive tubes are located on the back of the head on short fleshy hands (at U4). The lateral and dorsal adhesive tubes are predominantly symmetrically distributed around the body on both sides over its entire length. Long sensory cilia and, near the dorsal adhesive tubes, short sensory cilia are connected with each of the lateral adhesive tubes. Additionally, many free sensory cilia (not connected with the adhesive tubes) are located in the trunk region. Posterior adhesive tubes are located on the posterior margin of the caudal lobes. In adults, each caudal lobe bears 5 to 10 adhesive tubes of various lengths. The external tubes are the longest, and the medial tubes the shortest. Sensory cilia are located near the posterior adhesive tubes. Locomotory ciliature runs parallel in two bands from the head to the base of the caudum.</p><p>The mouth ring is oval, narrow, protruding, located terminally, and surrounded by sensory cilia. The pharynx is cylindrical and expands slightly towards its posterior end. The pharyngeal pores are distinct and located at U19–U22, near the posterior end of the pharynx. The pharynx is connected via the pharyngeal intestinal junction to a straight intestine.</p><p>Taxonomic remarks: Molecular analysis conducted on the specimens from the northern coast of Europe showed that the morphospecies traditionally referred to as T. hyalina Schultze, 1853, comprises in fact two cryptic species (Kieneke et al. 2012). Considering the rather small geographic area where the specimens of T. hyalina were collected by Kieneke et al. (2012), it is plausible that a wider sampling area can yield a higher number of cryptic species. Furthermore, T. hyalina displays a wide range of morphological variability within the morphospecies. Different populations of T. hyalina may show completely reduced conical appendages (even without a distinct flat contour) or conical appendages developed to the extent that they resemble those found in T. cornuta while retaining species integrity, as was confirmed by an ultrastructural analysis of their nervous system (Rothe &amp; Schmidt-Rhaesa 2008).</p><p>Differential diagnosis: The genus Turbanella Schultze, 1853, contains 29 similar species. T. hyalina Schultze, 1853, most closely resembles T. cornuta Remane, 1925, T. wiseri Hummon, 2010, and T. lutheri Remane, 1953, but differs from:</p><p>T. cornuta in terms of: lack of clearly marked conical appendages (palpal organs), the position of the anterior adhesive tubes (the fleshy hands are triangular and longer in T. cornuta), body shape (the body is not as slender and the base of the caudum is more clearly marked in T. cornuta), and head shape (the head is shorter and has more oval shape in T. cornuta).</p><p>T. wiseri in terms of: a lack of clearly marked conical appendages (palpal organs) and pharynx shape (the pharynx is straight and equally wide along its entire length in T. wiseri); in addition, its mouth is surrounded by only one type of short sensory cilia (Hummon 2010).</p><p>T. lutheri in terms of: a lack of clearly marked conical appendages (palpal organs) ( T. lutheri has no palpal organs whatsoever), body shape (the cephalic and cervical sections are narrower than the dorsal section in T. lutheri), head shape (the head is more rectangular in T. lutheri), a greater number of regularly distributed lateral adhesive tubes (ca. ten pairs of adhesive tubes are in T. lutheri), a smaller number of posterior adhesive tubes (10–11 adhesive tubes in one caudal lobe are in T. lutheri), the distribution and length of adhesive tubes in the caudal lobes (the adhesive tubes are located at the end and on the sides of the caudal lobe, and are of equal length in T. lutheri), and the number and length of the lateral sensory cilia (the lateral sensory cilia are shorter and less numerous in T. lutheri) (Remane 1953; Kisielewski 1975; Rothe &amp; Schmidth- Rhaesa 2008).</p><p>Distribution: T. hyalina morphospecies is widely distributed in Europe and has been reported in: Belgium (Jouk et al. 1992), Denmark (Karling 1954; Kieneke et al. 2012), France (Müller 2004, Kieneke et al. 2012), Germany (Kieneke et al. 2012; Schultze 1853), Italy (Balsamo &amp; Tongiorgi 1995), the Netherlands (Boaden 1976), Norway (Kieneke et al. 2012), Romania (Rudescu 1967), Sweden (Jansson 1968; Karling 1954; Kieneke et al. 2012), and the United Kingdom (Howson &amp; Picton 1997; Kieneke et al. 2012).</p><p>found among all specimens measured, SD – standard deviation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C87F3FFAE9A50FF2AFE64FD021EA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kolicka, Małgorzata;Kisielewski, Jacek;Kotwicki, Lech;Zawierucha, Krzysztof;Grzelak, Katarzyna	Kolicka, Małgorzata, Kisielewski, Jacek, Kotwicki, Lech, Zawierucha, Krzysztof, Grzelak, Katarzyna (2014): Checklist of Gastrotricha of the Polish Baltic Sea with the first reports of Heterolepidoderma joermungandri Kånneby, 2011, and Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853. Zootaxa 3869 (2): 101-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.2.1
