identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3B5C5972FFF4FFE85CE937AFBDC704D1.text	3B5C5972FFF4FFE85CE937AFBDC704D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicyemidae van Beneden 1882	<div><p>Family Dicyemidae van Beneden, 1882 Genus Dicyema von Kölliker, 1849</p> <p>Dicyema bacterocephalum Furuya, sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Marubō-nihaichū] (Figs 2, 3; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small sized dicyemid, body length reaching 1120 µm. Calotte cap- or disc-shaped. Vermiform stages with 20, 22 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+10 or 12 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 37 cells; refringent bodies solid; and 2 nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 2a–d, 3a, c–e). Body length 510–1110 µm, width 60–75 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 20 or 22 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+8 or 10 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte cap- or disc-shaped, rounded anteriorly; cilia about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells equal or larger than metapolar cells, their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cell nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 30–40% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Fig. 2a, b). Cytoplasm of propolar cells more darkly stained by hematoxylin than that of other peripheral cells (Fig. 2a, b). Axial cell cylindrical, pointed anteriorly, extending forward to the base of propolar cells (Fig. 2a, b). About 19 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 2c, 3d, e). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 47–72 µm, and 17–20 µm in width. Peripheral cell number 20 or 22 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte rounded. Axial cell rounded anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Figs 2c, 3e). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with 2 agametes.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 2d, 3f, g). Body similar in length to nematogens, 750–1120 µm in length and 45–120 µm in width. Peripheral cell number typically 20 or 22 (Table 2). Calotte, axial cell shape and anterior extent similar to nematogens. A maximum of 9, usually 3–5 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 70 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 2e, 3h; n =10). Mature infusorigens medium-sized; composed of 6–8 (mode 6) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+3–4 (mode 3) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+4–8 (mode 6) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 11.7 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.2 µm. Axial cell round or ovoid, diameter 11–12 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 2f, g, 3i–k; n =10). Full-grown embryos large, length 26.8±1.8 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.81: 0.73; shape ovoid, bluntly rounded and pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 30–40% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Fig. 2g). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 3k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Fig. 3k). Mature embryos with 37 cells: 33 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryo (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 pairs of dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+ 2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells), external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell contains 2 nuclei and germinal cell (Fig. 3k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Dicyema bacterocephalum sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in Sepia kobiensis and is similar to D. balamuthi McConnaughey, 1949, D. clavatum Furuya and Koshida, 1992, D. colurum Furuya, 1999, D. hadrum Furuya, 1999, and D. schulzianum van Beneden, 1876 in the calotte shape of vermiform stages and peripheral cell numbers (Beneden 1876; McConnaughey 1949; Furuya et al. 1992b; Furuya 1999). However, D. bacterocephalum sp. nov. is distinguishable from D. balamuthi, D. clavatum, D. colurum, and D. hadrum in the cell number of infusoriform embryos (37 vs. 39). Dicyema bacterocephalum sp. nov. shares the cellular composition and cell number of infusoriform embryos with D. schulzianum but there is a marked difference in the number of peripheral cells; D. bacterocephalum sp. nov. has 20 or 22 peripheral cells, while D. schulzianum is consistently 22. Both individuals having 20 and 22 peripheral cells are found in a single axial cell in D. bacterocephalum sp. nov.</p> <p>* Type I, conical; Type II, cap-shaped; Type III, disc-shaped. # See text for explanation.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name is an adjective composed of two Ancient Greek roots, bact and - kephalos, meaning “rod” and “-headed” in reference to the characteristic shape of the body of vermiform stages.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-58) collected on 10 April 2016; additional syntypes on slide series No. SK3517 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.133335)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°08′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 150 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: None.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia kobiensis Hoyle, 1855 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (immature), 64 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85901).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) attach to surfaces of the renal appendages or inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 1 of 30 host specimens examined (3.3%).</p> <p>Dicyema conocephalum Furuya, sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Kono-nihaichū] (Figs 4, 5; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized dicyemid; body length reaching 1540 µm. Calotte conical in shape. Vermiform stages with 28–32 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+18–22 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 37 cells; refringent bodies solid; and two nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 4a, b, 5a). Body length 700–1540 µm, width 45–60 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 28–32 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+ 2 parapolar cells+16–20 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte conical in shape, rounded anteriorly; cilia on calotte about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells and their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cells and their nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 40–50% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Fig. 4a, b). Cytoplasm of propolar and parapolar cells contains fibrous structure, more darkly stained by hematoxylin than cytoplasm of other peripheral cells (Fig. 4a, b). Axial cell cylindrical, pointed anteriorly; cell extending forward to base of metapolar cells (Fig. 5a). About 30 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 4c, 5d, e). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 54–70 µm, width 13–15 µm. Peripheral cell number 28–32 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte pointed acutely. Axial cell is pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of metapolar cells (Figs 4c, 5d, e). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with one agamete.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 4d, 5b, c). Body length 700–1100 µm, similar to that of nematogens, width 60–72 µm. Peripheral cell number typically 28–32 (Table 2). Calotte shape, axial cell shape, and anterior extent similar to those of nematogens. A maximum of 2 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 30 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 4e, 5h; n =10). Mature infusorigens medium-sized, composed of 6–15 (mode 7) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+3–6 (mode 4) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+4–26 (mode 8) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 13.7 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.5 µm. Axial cell ovoid or round, diameter 12–17µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 4f, g, 5i–k; n =20). Full-grown embryos large, length 26.7±1.8 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.87: 0.81; ovoid, bluntly rounded to pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies, solid, occupying anterior 30–40% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Fig. 4g). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 5k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Fig. 5k). Mature embryos with 37 cells: 33 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryos (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 paired dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+ 2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell contains two nuclei and a single germinal cell (Fig. 5k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Dicyema conocephalum sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in Sepia kobiensis. It is characterized by an acutely pointed calotte of vermiform embryos, a large number of peripheral cells variable number from 28 to 32 (Table 1). Dicyema ganapatti Kalavati, Narasimhamurti, and Suseela, 1984 and D. oxycephalum Furuya, 2009, are very similar to D. conocephalum sp. nov. in the shape of the calotte in vermiform stages and the number of peripheral cells (Kalavati et al. 1984; Furuya 2009). However, D. conocephalum sp. nov. differs from D. oxycephalum in the cell number of infusoriform embryos (37 vs. 39; cf. Furuya 2009). The axial cells of D. conocephalum sp. nov. extend forward to the middle of the metapolar cells, whereas those of D. ganapatii end forward to the middle of metapolar cells. In addition, D. conocephalum sp. nov. can be distinguished from D. ganapatii based on the typical number of agametes (1 vs. 2) in full-grown vermiform embryos (Kalavati et al. 1984).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ conocephalum ” is an adjective composed of two Ancient Greek roots, konikós and - kephalos, meaning “conical” and “-headed” in reference to the characteristic anterior part of vermiform embryos.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a slide of syntypes (NSMT-Me-61) collected on 30 November 2015; additional syntypes on slide series No. ST3303 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.133335)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°08′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 260 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. ST3505 (5 slides) collected off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.133335)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°08′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 260 m, 10 April 2016, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia tenuipes Sasaki, 1929 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), male (mature), 107 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85904).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 28 of 91 host specimens examined (30.8%).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C5972FFF4FFE85CE937AFBDC704D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furuya, Hidetaka;Moritaki, Takeya	Furuya, Hidetaka, Moritaki, Takeya (2022): Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (1): 181-226, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.181
3B5C5972FFFDFFEB5E6A34CBBD1B0341.text	3B5C5972FFFDFFEB5E6A34CBBD1B0341.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicyema gozaense Furuya & Moritaki 2022	<div><p>Dicyema gozaense Furuya, sp. nov.</p> <p>[New Japanese name: Goza-nihaichū] (Figs 6, 7; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized dicyemid; body length reaching 3200 µm. Calotte conical in shape. Vermiform stages with 26–31 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+16–21 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and two nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 6a, 7c, d). Body length 600–3020 µm, width 40–85 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 26–31 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+ 2 parapolar cells+14–19 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte conical in shape, rounded anteriorly; cilia on calotte about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells and their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cells and their nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 40–50% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Figs 6a, 7c, d). Axial cell cylindrical, rounded anteriorly; cell extending from middle of metapolar cells to base of propolar cells (Fig. 7c, d). About 16 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 6b, 7e, f). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 53–108 µm, width 13–18 µm. Peripheral cell number 26–31 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte pointed acutely. Axial cell tapered anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Fig 7f). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with one agamete.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 6c, d 7g). Body length 500–1500 µm in length, similar to that of nematogens, width 50–65 µm. Peripheral cell number typically 28–30 (Table 2). Calotte shape, axial cell shape, and anterior extent similar to those of nematogens. A maximum of 2 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 25 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 6e, 7h; n =10). Mature infusorigens medium-sized, composed of 4–9 (mode 5) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+3–6 (mode 3) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+4–10 (mode 7) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 13.0 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.1 µm. Axial cell ovoid or round, diameter 12–17µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 6f, g, 7i–k; n =20). Full-grown embryos large, length 28.6±1.7 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.83: 0.81; ovoid, bluntly rounded to pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 30–40% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Fig. 6g). Cilia projected from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 7k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Figs 6g, 7k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 35 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryos (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 paired dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells), external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+ 2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell contains two nuclei and a single germinal cell (Fig. 7k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Dicyema gozaense sp. nov. is characterized by an acutely pointed calotte of vermiform embryos, a large and a variable number of peripheral cells that ranges from 26 to 31 (Table 2). Dicyema conocephalum sp. nov. and D. oxycephalum are very similar to D. gozaense sp. nov. in the shape of the calotte in vermiform stages and the number of peripheral cells (Furuya 2009). However, D. gozaense sp. nov. differs from D. conocephalum sp. nov. in the cell number of infusoriform embryos (39 vs. 37). The number of peripheral cells of D. oxycephalum ranges from 28 to 34 (Furuya 2009), which is a few more than that of D. gozaense sp. nov. In addition, D. oxycephalum has two agametes in full-grown vermiform embryos (Furuya 2009). Therefore, D. gozaense sp. nov. can be distinguished from D. oxycephalum.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ gozaense ” refers to the westernmost tip of the Shima Peninsula, Mie Prefecture. The Goza-misaki lighthouse there watches over the safety of ships across the Kumano Sea.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-59) collected on 10 April 2016; additional syntypes on slide series No. SK3514 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.133335)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°08′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 150 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. SK3515, 3516 (each 5 slide) collected off Minami-Ise (34°08′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.133335)">Honshu</a>, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 150 m, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia kobiensis Hoyle, 1855 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (immature), 62 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85902).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C5972FFFDFFEB5E6A34CBBD1B0341	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furuya, Hidetaka;Moritaki, Takeya	Furuya, Hidetaka, Moritaki, Takeya (2022): Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (1): 181-226, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.181
3B5C5972FFF8FFF25CEF3282BAAF03A4.text	3B5C5972FFF8FFF25CEF3282BAAF03A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicyema lorigeroeceum Furuya & Moritaki 2022	<div><p>Dicyema lorigeroeceum Furuya, sp. nov.</p> <p>[New Japanese name: Usubeni-nihaichū]</p> <p>(Figs 10, 11; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized dicyemid; body length reaching 1590 µm. Calotte conical in shape. Vermiform stages with 23–30 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+13–20 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and two nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 10a, b, 11a, c, d). Body length 500–1100 µm, width 40–52 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 23–30 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+11–18 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte conical in shape, rounded anteriorly; cilia on calotte about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells and their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cells and their nuclei. Propolar cells occupying anterior 30–40% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Fig. 10a, b). Cytoplasm of propolar and metapolar cells contain small granules, more darkly stained by hematoxylin than cytoplasm of other peripheral cells (Fig. 10a, b). Axial cell cylindrical, pointed anteriorly; cell extending forward to base of metapolar cells (Fig. 11d). About 10 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 10c, d, 11f, g). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 45–68 µm, width 10–13 µm. Peripheral cell number 23–30 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte acutely pointed. Axial cell pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Figs 10d, 11f, g). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with one agamete.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 10e, f, 11b, e). Body length 500– 1590 µm, similar to that of nematogens, width 50–70 µm. Peripheral cell number typically 23–29 (Table 2). Calotte shape, axial cell shape, and anterior extent similar to those of nematogens. Cytoplasm of propolar and metapolar cells contain small granules (Fig. 10e, f). A maximum of 2 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 30 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 10g, 11h; n =20). Mature infusorigens medium-sized, composed of 6–14 (mode 8) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+3–5 (mode 4) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+4–12 (mode 8) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 12.7 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.4 µm. Axial cell ovoid or round, diameter 13–17 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 10c, h, 11i–k; n =50). Fullgrown embryos large, length 28.3±2.1 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.84: 0.83; ovoid, bluntly rounded to pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 30–35% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Fig. 11k). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 11k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Fig. 11k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 35 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryos (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 paired dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+ 2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell contains two nuclei and single germinal cell (Fig. 11k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Dicyema lorigeroeceum sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in Sepia lorigera. This new species is characterized by an acutely pointed calotte of vermiform embryos, numbers of peripheral cells, and a variable number of peripheral cells that ranges from 23 to 30 (Table 2). This new species is very similar to D. conocephalum sp. nov., D. gozaense sp. nov. and D. oxycephalum, in the shape of the calotte in vermiform stages and the number of peripheral cells (Furuya 2009). However, D. lorigeroeceum sp. nov. differs from D. conocephalum sp. nov. in the cell number of infusoriform embryos (39 vs. 37). Dicyema lorigeroeceum sp. nov. can be distinguished from D. oxycephalum in the number of agamete in full-grown vermiform embryos (1 vs. 2) and a smaller number of peripheral cells (28 vs. 30, 32) (Furuya 2009), and is very similar to D. gozaense sp. nov., from which it differs in the number of peripheral cells (28 vs. 29) and in the anterior extent of adult vermiform stages (metapolar cells vs. propolar cells).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ lorigeroeceum ” is composed of the epithet of the host, Sepia lorigera, and the Ancient Greek word oiceon, meaning “inhabiting”.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-64) collected on 14 February 2018; additional syntypes on slide series No. SL5779 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.06667/lat 34.133335)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°08′N, 136°04′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 180 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: None.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia lorigera Wülker, 1910 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), male (mature), 157 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85907).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 10 of 10 host specimens examined (100%).</p> <p>Dicyema miense sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Mie-nihaichū] (Figs 12, 13; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized dicyemid; body length reaching 1210 µm. Calotte conical in shape. Vermiform stages with 26–34 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+16–24 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and two nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 12a, b, 13a, c, d). Body length 800–1180 µm, width 32–40 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 26–34 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+14–22 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte conical in shape, rounded anteriorly; cilia on calotte about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells and their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cells and their nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 30–40% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Fig. 13c, d). Axial cell cylindrical, rounded anteriorly; cell extending forward to middle of metapolar cells (Fig. 13d). About 10 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei present in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 12c, d, 13e, f). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 40–57 µm, width 12–14 µm. Peripheral cell number 26–34 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte acutely pointed. Axial cell pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Fig. 13f). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with one agamete.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 12d, 13g). Body length 900–1210 µm, similar to that of nematogens, in length, width 60–75 µm. Peripheral cell number typically 26–34 (Table 2). Calotte shape, axial cell shape, and anterior extent similar to those of nematogens. A maximum of 3 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 30 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 12e, 13h; n =10). Mature infusorigens medium-sized, composed of 5–8 (mode 6) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+2–4 (mode 2) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+4–8 (mode 4) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 13.3 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.5 µm. Axial cell ovoid or round, diameter 13–15 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 12f, g, 13i–k; n =20). Fullgrown embryos large, length 28.3±2.1 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.84: 0.81; ovoid, bluntly rounded to pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 35–40% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Fig. 13k). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 13k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Fig. 13k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 35 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryos (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 paired dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells), external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+ 2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell contains two nuclei and a single germinal cell (Fig. 13k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Dicyema miense sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in Sepia subtenuipes and is characterized by an acutely pointed calotte of vermiform embryos and numbers of peripheral cells, and a variable number of peripheral cells that ranges from 26 to 34 (Table 2). It is very similar to D. gozaense sp. nov., D. lorigeroeceum sp. nov. and D. oxycephalum in the shape of the calotte in vermiform stages, the number of peripheral cells, and the number of infusoriform embryos (Furuya 2009). However, D. miense sp. nov. can be distinguished from D. gozaense sp. nov. and D. oxycephalum in an anterior extent of adult vermiform stages (metapolar cells vs. propolar cells). Dicyema miense sp. nov. can also be distinguished from D. lorigeroeceum sp. nov. by the maximum number of peripheral cells (34 vs. 30): it has no clear maximum in its distribution of peripheral cells, while D. lorigeroeceum sp. nov. has a maximum of 28 peripheral cells.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ miense ” refers to the location of the Mie-Island off Minami-Ise, Mie Prefecture, in Kumano Sea.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-68) collected on 25 October 2016; additional syntypes on slide series No. SS3618 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.65/lat 34.016666)">Kii-Nagashima</a> (34°01′N, 136°39′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 150 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. SS3614- 3617 (each 5 slide) collected off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.65/lat 34.016666)">Kii-Nagashima</a> (34°01′N, 136°39′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 150 m, 25 October 2016, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia subtenuipes Okutani and Horikawa, 1987 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (immature), 68 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85910).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 19 of 30 host specimens examined (63.3%).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C5972FFF8FFF25CEF3282BAAF03A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furuya, Hidetaka;Moritaki, Takeya	Furuya, Hidetaka, Moritaki, Takeya (2022): Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (1): 181-226, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.181
3B5C5972FFE7FFFA5CA133FFBDD003A4.text	3B5C5972FFE7FFFA5CA133FFBDD003A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicyema shimaense Furuya & Moritaki 2022	<div><p>Dicyema shimaense sp. nov.</p> <p>[New Japanese name: Shima-nihaichū] (Figs 14, 15; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized dicyemid; body length reaching 1190 µm. Calotte conical in shape. Vermiform stages with 28–30 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+18–20 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and two nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 14a, b, 15a, c, d). Body length 640–1190 µm, width 38–48 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 28–30 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+16–18 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte conical in shape, rounded anteriorly; cilia on calotte about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells and their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cells and their nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 30–40% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Fig. 15c, d). Cytoplasm of propolar, metapolar, and parapolar cells contain small granules, more darkly stained by hematoxylin than cytoplasm of other peripheral cells (Fig. 14a). Axial cell cylindrical, rounded anteriorly; cell extending forward to base of metapolar cells (Fig. 15d). About 15 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 14c, 15f, g). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 56–105µm, width 12–16 µm. Peripheral cell number 28–30 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte acutely pointed. Axial cell pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Figs 14c, 15f, g). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with one agamete.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 14d–f, 15e). Body length similar 285– 650 µm, similar that of nematogens, in length, and width 41–51 µm. Peripheral cell number typically 28–29 (Table 2). Calotte shape, axial cell shape, and anterior extent similar to those of nematogens. Cytoplasm of propolar cells, metapolar cells, and parapolar cells contains small granules (Fig. 14d–f). A maximum of 2 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 10 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 14g, 15h; n =20). Mature infusorigens medium-sized, composed of 5–12 (mode 7) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+3–4 (mode 4) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+2–12 (mode 6) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 12.0 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.1 µm. Axial cell ovoid or round, diameter 13–17 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 14h, i, 15i–k; n =12). Fullgrown embryos large, length 26.5±2.5 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.79: 0.85; ovoid, bluntly rounded to pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 30–35% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Fig. 15k). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 15k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Figs 14i, 15k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 35 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryos (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 paired dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+ 2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell contains two nuclei and a single germinal cell (Fig. 15k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Dicyema shimaense sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in Sepia madokai. It is very similar to D. gozaense sp. nov., D. lorigeroeceum sp. nov., and D. oxycephalum in the shape of the calotte in vermiform stages, an acutely pointed calotte of vermiform embryos, and the cell number of infusoriform embryos (Furuya 2009). However, D. shimaense sp. nov. differs from D. gozaense sp. nov. and D. oxycephalum in the anterior extent of adult vermiform stages (metapolar cells vs. propolar cells). Dicyema shimaense sp. nov. has 28–29 peripheral cells, while D. lorigeroeceum sp. nov. has a variable number of peripheral cells ranging from 26 to 34 (Table 2).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ shimaense ” refers to the Shima Peninsula type locality, famous for its beautiful landscape in the Ise-Shima National Park at the northern end of the Kumano Sea.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-70) collected on 8 March 2019; additional syntypes on slide series No. SM4024 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.61667/lat 34.016666)">Kii-Nagashima</a> (34°01′N, 136°37′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 180 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. SM3312 (5 slides) collected off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.2)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°12′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 200 m, 30 November 2015, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia madokai Adam, 1939 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (immature), 54 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85912).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 5 of 21 host specimens examined (23.8%).</p> <p>Dicyema tenuipoeceum Furuya, sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Udeboso-nihaichū] (Figs 16, 17; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small-sized dicyemid, body length reaching 1540 µm. Calotte cap- or disc-shaped. Vermiform stages with 22 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+12 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 37 cells; refringent bodies solid; and 2 nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 16a, c, d, 17a, b). Body length 550–1540 µm, width 50–83 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 22 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+ 2 parapolar cells+10 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte cap- or disc-shaped, rounded anteriorly; cilia about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells equal to or larger than metapolar cells, their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cell nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 50% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Fig. 17d). Axial cell cylindrical, pointed anteriorly, extending forward to base of propolar cells (Fig. 17c, d). About 15 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 16c, 17e, f). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 60–80 µm, 15–16 µm in width. Peripheral cell number 22 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte rounded. Axial cell pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Fig. 17f). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with 2 agametes.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 16d, 17g). Body length 950–1450 µm, similar to that of nematogens, in length and 70–90 µm in width. Peripheral cell number typically 22 (Table 2). Calotte, axial cell shape and anterior extent similar to nematogens. Maximum of 4 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 40 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 16f, 17h; n =10). Mature infusorigens medium-sized; composed of 6–14 (mode 8) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+3–6 (mode 3) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+4–15 (mode 6) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 12.8 µm; that of spermatozoa 3.0 µm. Axial cell round or ovoid, diameter 12–15 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 16g, h, 17i–k; n =20). Fullgrown embryos large, length 26.2±1.5 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.90: 0.88; shape ovoid, and pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 50–60% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Fig. 16h). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 17k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Figs 16h, 17k). Mature embryos with 37 cells: 33 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryo (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 pairs of dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+ 2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell containing 2 nuclei and a germinal cell (Fig. 17k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Dicyema tenuipoeceum sp. nov. is similar to D. balamuthi, D. clavatum, D. colurum, D. hadrum, D. japonicum Furuya and Tsuneki, 1992, and D. schulzianum in the calotte shape of vermiform stages and peripheral cell numbers (Beneden 1876; McConnaughey 1949; Furuya et al. 1992b; Furuya 1999). However, D. tenuipoeceum sp. nov. is distinguishable from D. balamuthi, D. clavatum, D. colurum, and D. hadrum in the cell number of infusoriform embryos (37 vs. 39). It also shares the same cell number of infusoriform embryos with D. japonicum and D. schulzianum. However, D. tenuipoeceum sp. nov. infusoriform embryos lack anterior lateral cells, which distinguished this species from D. japonicum. Dicyema schulzianum was recorded from Sepia elegans Blainville, 1827, and Rondeletiola minor (Naef, 1912) in the western Mediterranean (Beneden 1876; Nouvel 1947). Rhombogens of D. schulzianum have at most two infusorigens, while those of D. tenuipoeceum sp. nov. have four. Thus, D. tenuipoeceum sp. nov. can be distinguished from D. schulzianum in the maximum number of infusorigens and geographical distribution.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ tenuipoeceum ” is composed of the epithet of the host, tenuipes, and the Ancient Greek word oiceon, meaning “inhabiting” in reference to its host.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-62) collected on 10 April 2016; additional syntypes on slide series No. ST3503 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.6/lat 34.066666)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°04′N, 136°36′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 260 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. ST3763 (5 slide) collected off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.55/lat 34.066666)">Owase</a> (34°04′N, 136°33′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 300 m, 22 January 2018, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia tenuipes Sasaki, 1929 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (mature), 85 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85905).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) attach to surfaces of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 36 of 91 host specimens examined (39.6%).</p> <p>Dicyema tympanocephalum Furuya, sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Taiko-nihaichū] (Figs 18, 19; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small-sized dicyemid, body length reaching 1540 µm. Calotte disc-shaped. Vermiform stages with 22 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+12 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 37 cells; refringent bodies solid; and 2 nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 18a, b, 19a, c, d). Body length 450–1420 µm, width 42–105 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 22 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+ 2 parapolar cells+10 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte disc-shaped, rounded anteriorly; cilia about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells equal to or larger than metapolar cells, their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cell nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 40–50% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Fig. 19c). Axial cell cylindrical, pointed anteriorly, extending forward to base of propolar cells (Figs 18b, 19c). About 20 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 18d, 19e, f). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 51–79 µm, 12–20 µm in width. Peripheral cell number 22 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte rounded. Axial cell pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Fig. 19f). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with 2 agametes.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 18c, 19g). Body length 550–1380 µm, similar to that of nematogens, in length and 50–95µm in width. Peripheral cell number typically 22 (Table 2). Calotte, axial cell shape and anterior extent similar to nematogens. Maximum of 2 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 25 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 18e, 19h; n =20). Mature infusorigens medium-sized; composed of 10–20 (mode 12) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+3–6 (mode 4) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+3–7 (mode 4) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 12.7 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.6 µm. Axial cell round or ovoid, diameter 12–20 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 18f, g, 19i–k; n =20). Fullgrown embryos large, length 26.7±2.3 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0:0.87: 0.84; shape ovoid, pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 50–60% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Figs 18f, 19k). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 19k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Figs 18g, 19k). Mature embryos with 37 cells: 33 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryo (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 pairs of dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+ 2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells), external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell containing 2 nuclei and a germinal cell (Fig. 19k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Dicyema tympanocephalum sp. nov. is similar to D. balamuthi, D. clavatum, D. colurum, D. hadrum, D. japonicum, and D. schulzianum, and D. tenuipoeceum sp. nov. in the calotte shape of vermiform stages and peripheral cell numbers (Beneden 1876; McConnaughey 1949; Furuya et al. 1992a; Furuya 1999). However, D. tympanocephalum sp. nov. is distinguishable from D. balamuthi, D. clavatum, D. colurum, and D. hadrum in the cell number of infusoriform embryos (37 vs. 39).</p> <p>Dicyema tympanocephalum sp. nov. shares the same cell number of infusoriform embryos with D. japonicum, D. schulzianum, and D. tenuipoeceum sp. nov., but D. tympanocephalum sp. nov. infusoriform embryos have third ventral cells instead of the anterior lateral cells. The rhombogens of D. tympanocephalum sp. nov. have at most two infusorigens, while those of D. tenuipoeceum sp. nov. have four. Therefore, D. tympanocephalum sp. nov. can be distinguishable from D. japonicum and D. tenuipoeceum sp. nov.</p> <p>Dicyema tympanocephalum sp. nov. is very similar to D. schulzianum in morphological characters except in the maximum size of adult vermiform stages. Large adult individuals of D. tympanocephalum sp. nov. reach nearly 1500 µm in length, while those of D. schulzianum are at most 1000 µm. Dicyema schulzianum is recorded from S. elegans and R. minor in the western Mediterranean (Beneden 1876; Nouvel 1947). In dicyemids, differences found in host species and geographical distribution represent empirically distinct species. Thus, D. tympanocephalum sp. nov. can be separated confidently from D. schulzianum by differences in the maximum size of adult vermiform stages, host species and geographical distribution.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ tympanocephalum ” is an adjective composed of two Ancient Greek roots, tympa and - kephalos, meaning “drum” and “-headed” in reference to the characteristic anterior part of adult vermiform stages.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-65) collected on 14 February 2018; additional syntypes on slide series No. SL5779 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.06667/lat 34.133335)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°08′N, 136°04′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 180 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: None.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia lorigera Wülker, 1910 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), male (mature), 157 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85907).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) attach to surfaces of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 1 of 10 host specimens examined (10.0%).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C5972FFE7FFFA5CA133FFBDD003A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furuya, Hidetaka;Moritaki, Takeya	Furuya, Hidetaka, Moritaki, Takeya (2022): Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (1): 181-226, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.181
3B5C5972FFEFFFC05E6F321FBDD0097F.text	3B5C5972FFEFFFC05E6F321FBDD0097F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudicyema anemophilum Furuya & Moritaki 2022	<div><p>Pseudicyema anemophilum sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Kazeno-nihaichū] (Figs 20, 21; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small-sized dicyemid, body length reaching 1250 µm. Calotte cap-shaped. Vermiform stages with 29–34 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+ 2 parapolar cells+19–24 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and 2 nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 20a, b, 21a, c). Body length 650–1250 µm, width 65–75 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 29–34 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+17–22 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte cap-shaped, rounded anteriorly; cilia about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells equal to or larger than metapolar cells, their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cell nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 50% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Figs 20a, b, 21c). Cytoplasm of propolar cells more darkly stained by hematoxylin than that of other peripheral cells (Fig. 20a, b). Axial cell cylindrical, rounded anteriorly, extending forward to base of propolar cells (Fig. 20a, b). About 6 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 20c, 21d, e). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 52–77 µm, 17–19 µm in width. Peripheral cell number 29–34 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte rounded. Axial cell pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Figs 20c, 21d, e). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with 2 agametes.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 20d, 21f, g). Body length similar 480–1100 µm, similar to that of nematogens, in length and 40–52 µm in width. Peripheral cell number typically 29–34 (Table 2). Calotte, axial cell shape and anterior extent similar to nematogens. Maximum of 2 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 15 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 20g, 21h; n =20). Mature infusorigens medium-sized; composed of 5–12 (mode 5) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+2–4 (mode 4) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+3–9 (mode 6) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 11.7 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.5 µm. Axial cell round or ovoid, diameter 11–18 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 20e, f, 21i–k; n =20). Fullgrown embryos large, length 22.6±1.4 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.84: 0.78; shape ovoid, pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 30–40% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Fig. 20f). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 21k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Fig. 21k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 35 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryo (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 pairs of dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+ 2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+2 lateral cells+ 2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell containing 2 nuclei and a germinal cell (Fig. 21k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Pseudicyema anemophilum sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in Sepia kobiensis and only the fourth species to be described in the genus. It is distinguishable from other 2 species, P. truncatum (Whitman, 1883) and P. nakaoi Furuya, 1999, in the calotte shape (cap-shaped vs. disc-shaped) and the number of peripheral cells of vermiform stages (29–34 vs. 22) (Nouvel 1947; Furuya 1999). Pseudicyema anemophilum sp. nov. is very similar to P. cappacephalum Furuya, 2009 in the calotte shape and the number of infusoriform embryos but the new species is clearly distinguished by the maximum number of infusorigens (2 vs. 3) and the range of peripheral cells of vermiform stages (29–34 vs. 32–34) (Furuya 2009).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name is an adjective composed of two Ancient Greek roots, anemos and - philos meaning “wind” and “like”, because host specimens were all collected under windy conditions.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-60) collected on 14 April 2018; additional syntypes on slide series No. SK5792 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.58333/lat 34.016666)">Owase</a> (34°01′N, 136°35′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 150 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. SK3515, 3516 (each 5 slide) collected off Minami-Ise (34°08′N, 136°35′E), Mie Prefecture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.58333/lat 34.133335)">Honshu</a>, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 150 m, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia kobiensis Hoyle, 1855 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (immature), 79 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85903).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) attach to surfaces of the renal appendages or inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 7 of 30 host specimens examined (23.3%).</p> <p>Pseudicyema cupulacephalum sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Kupura-nihaichū] (Figs 22, 23; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small-sized dicyemid, body length reaching 1150 µm. Calotte cap-shaped. Vermiform stages with 29–35 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+ 2 parapolar cells+19–25 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and 2 nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 22a–c, 23a, c). Body length 450–980µm, width 40–60 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 29–35 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+17–23 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte cap-shaped, rounded anteriorly; cilia about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells equal to or larger than metapolar cells, their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cell nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 40–50% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Figs 22b, 23c). Cytoplasm of propolar cells more darkly stained by hematoxylin than that of other peripheral cells (Fig. 22a–c). Axial cell cylindrical, rounded anteriorly, extending forward to the base of metapolar cells (Fig. 22a, b). About 6 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 22d, 23d, e). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 57–105 µm, 14–20 µm in width. Peripheral cell number 29–35 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte rounded. Axial cell pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Figs 22d, 23e). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with 2 agametes.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 22d, 23f, g). Body length 680–1150 µm, similar to that of nematogens, in length and 35–60 µm in width. Peripheral cell number typically 29–35 (Table 2). Calotte, axial cell shape and anterior extent similar to nematogens. Maximum of 3 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 35 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 22i, 23h; n =20). Mature infusorigens medium-sized; composed of 3–9 (mode 6) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+2–4 (mode 3) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+2–11 (mode 4) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 11.2 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.0 µm. Axial cell round or ovoid, diameter 11–16 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 22e, f, 23i–k; n =20). Fullgrown embryos large, length 21.6±1.2 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0: 0.85: 0.83; shape ovoid, pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 30–40% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Figs 22h, 23k). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 23k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Fig. 23k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 35 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryo (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 pairs of dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+ 2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell containing 2 nuclei and a germinal cell (Fig. 23k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Pseudicyema cupulacephalum sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in S. lorigera and is the fifth species to be described in this genus. It is distinguishable from two other species, P. truncatum and P. nakaoi, in the calotte shape (cap-shaped vs. disc-shaped) and the number of peripheral cells of vermiform stages (29–35 vs. 22) (Whitman 1883; Nouvel 1947; Furuya 1999). Pseudicyema cupulacephalum sp. nov. is very similar to P. cappacephalum, and P. anemophilum sp. nov. in the calotte shape and the number of infusoriform embryos, but is distinguished by the maxum number of infusorigens (2 vs. 3) and the range of peripheral cells of vermiform stages (29–35 vs. 32–34 and 29–34) (Furuya 2009).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ cupulacephalum ” is an adjective composed of two Ancient Greek roots, kýpello and - kephalos, meaning “cup” and “-headed” in reference to the characteristic anterior part of vermiform embryos.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-66) collected on 14 December 2018; additional syntypes on slide series No. SL3920 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.55/lat 34.066666)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°04′N, 136°33′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 250 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. SL4118 (5 slides) collected off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.6/lat 34.15)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°09′N, 136°36′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 180 m, 5 December 2019, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia lorigero Wülker, 1910 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (mature), 211 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85908).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) attach to surfaces of the renal appendages or inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 3 of 10 host specimens examined (33.3%).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C5972FFEFFFC05E6F321FBDD0097F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furuya, Hidetaka;Moritaki, Takeya	Furuya, Hidetaka, Moritaki, Takeya (2022): Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (1): 181-226, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.181
3B5C5972FFD5FFC15CBF37CFBA550472.text	3B5C5972FFD5FFC15CBF37CFBA550472.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudicyema daioense Furuya & Moritaki 2022	<div><p>Pseudicyema daioense sp. nov.</p> <p>[New Japanese name: Daiō-nihaichū] (Figs 24, 25; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small- to medium- sized dicyemid, body length reaching 1550µm. Calotte cap-shaped. Vermiform stages with 29–35 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+19–25 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and 2 nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 24a–c, d, 25a, c). Body length 850–1550 µm, width 50–81µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 29–35 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+17–23 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte cap-shaped, rounded anteriorly; cilia about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells equal to or larger than metapolar cells, their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cell nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 50–60% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Figs 24a, b, 25a, b). Cytoplasm of propolar cells more darkly stained by hematoxylin than that of other peripheral cells (Fig. 24a, b). Axial cell cylindrical, rounded anteriorly, extending forward to base of metapolar cells (Figs 24a, b, 25a, b). About 10 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 24c, 25f, g). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 52–88µm, 15–21 µm in width. Peripheral cell number 29–35 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte rounded. Axial cell rounded anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Figs 24c, 25g). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with 2 agametes.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 24d, e, 25c, e). Body length 750– 1580 µm, similar to that of nematogens, in length and 42–75 µm in width. Peripheral cell number typically 29–35 (Table 2). Calotte, axial cell shape and anterior extent similar to nematogens. Maximum of 2 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 60 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 24e, 25h; n =10). Mature infusorigens medium-sized; composed of 7–12 (mode 8) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+3–5 (mode 4) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+4–13 (mode 4) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 11.0 µm; that of spermatozoa 3.1 µm. Axial cell round or ovoid, diameter 12–15 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 24f, g, 25i–k; n =27). Fullgrown embryos large, length 22.6±2.2 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0:0.86: 0.86; shape ovoid, pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 40–50% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Figs 24f, 25k). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 25k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Fig. 25k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 35 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryo (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 pairs of dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+ 2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell containing 2 nuclei and a germinal cell (Fig. 25k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Pseudicyema daioense sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in S. lorigera and is very similar to P. cappacephalum, P. anemophilum sp. nov., and P. cupulacephalum sp. nov. in the calotte shape and the number of infusoriform embryos. However, P. daioense sp. nov. is distinguished from P. cappacephalum and P. anemophilum sp. nov. in the anterior extent of adult vermiform stages (metapolar cells vs. propolar cells) (Furuya 2009), and from P. cupulacephalum sp. nov. by the shape of anterior axial cell of vermiform embryos (rounded vs. pointed) and the external shape of second ventral cells of infusoriform embryos (extended laterally vs. located ventrally).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ daioense ” refers to the type locality, near Cape Daio in the picturesque Ise-Shima National Park at the northern end of Kumano Sea.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-67) collected on 26 February 2016; additional syntypes on slide series No. OL3383 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.56667/lat 34.133335)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°08′N, 136°34′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 360 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. SA3382 (each 5 slide) collected off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.56667/lat 34.133335)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°08′N, 136°34′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 360 m, 26 February 2016, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia aureomaculata Okutani and Horikawa, 1987 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), male (mature), 82 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85909).</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) attach to surfaces of the renal appendages or inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 4 of 5 host specimens examined (80%).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C5972FFD5FFC15CBF37CFBA550472	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furuya, Hidetaka;Moritaki, Takeya	Furuya, Hidetaka, Moritaki, Takeya (2022): Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (1): 181-226, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.181
3B5C5972FFD4FFC45CBD3428BABB03C4.text	3B5C5972FFD4FFC45CBD3428BABB03C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudicyema jinshoae Furuya & Moritaki 2022	<div><p>Pseudicyema jinshoae sp. nov.</p> <p>[New Japanese name: Jinsho-nihaichū] (Figs 26, 27; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small-sized dicyemid, body length reaching 1210 µm. Calotte cap-shaped. Vermiform stages with 30–35 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+ 2 parapolar cells+20–25 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and 2 nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 26a, b, 27a, c, d). Body length 800–1210 µm, width 38–50 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 30–35 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+18–23 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte cap-shaped, rounded anteriorly; cilia about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells equal to or larger than metapolar cells, their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cell nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 50–60% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Figs 26a, b, 27c, d). Cytoplasm of propolar cells more darkly stained by hematoxylin than that of other peripheral cells (Fig. 26a, b). Axial cell cylindrical, rounded anteriorly, extending from middle of parapolar cells to base of propolar cells (Figs 26a, b, 27c, d). About 10 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 26c, 27f, g). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 73–97 µm, 15–20 µm in width. Peripheral cell number 30–35 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte rounded. Axial cell pointed anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Figs 26c, 27g). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with 2 agametes.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 26d, 27e). Body length 820–1260 µm, similar to that of nematogens, in length and 40–60 µm in width. Peripheral cell number typically 30–35 (Table 2). Calotte, axial cell shape and anterior extent similar to nematogens. Maximum of 5 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 40 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 26e, 27h; n =10). Mature infusorigens medium-sized; composed of 4–9 (mode 5) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+2, 3 (mode 2) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+5–14 (mode 8) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 11.9 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.5 µm. Axial cell round or ovoid, diameter 12–14 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 26f, g, 27i–k; n =20). Fullgrown embryos large, length 22.8±1.5 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0:0.87: 0.85; shape ovoid, pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 30–40% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Figs 26g, 27k). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 27k). Capsule cells contain tiny granules (Fig. 27k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 35 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryo (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 pairs of dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+ 2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell containing 2 nuclei and a germinal cell (Fig. 27k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Pseudicyema jinshoae sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in S. subtenuipes. It is very similar to P. anemophilum sp. nov., P. cappacephalum, P. cupulacephalum sp. nov. and P. daioense sp. nov. in the calotte shape and the number of infusoriform embryos (Furuya 2009). However, P. jinshoae sp. nov. is distinguished from P. anemophilum sp. nov. by the anterior extent of adult vermiform stages (metapolar cells vs. propolar cells). Pseudicyema jinshoae sp. nov. differs from P. cappacephalum and P. cupulacephalum sp. nov. in the maximum number of infusorigens (5 vs. 3). In addition, P. jinshoae sp. nov. can be separated from P. daioense sp. nov. by the external shape of second ventral cells of infusoriform embryos (extended laterally vs. located ventrally).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ jinshoae ” refers to name of the bottom trawl fishing boat “Jinsho-maru” which caught the host cephalopods.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-69) collected on 25 June 2018; additional syntypes on slide series No. SS3864 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.016666)">Kii-Nagashima</a> (34°01′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 160 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. SS3869 (5 slides) collected off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.016666)">Kii-Nagashima</a> (34°01′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 160 m, 25 June 2018, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia subtenuipes Okutani and Horikawa, 1987 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (submature), 116 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85911).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) attach to surfaces of the renal appendages or inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 8 of 30 host specimens examined (26.7%).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C5972FFD4FFC45CBD3428BABB03C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furuya, Hidetaka;Moritaki, Takeya	Furuya, Hidetaka, Moritaki, Takeya (2022): Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (1): 181-226, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.181
3B5C5972FFD1FFC65CD233DEBA47054E.text	3B5C5972FFD1FFC65CD233DEBA47054E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudicyema physocaudatum Furuya & Moritaki 2022	<div><p>Pseudicyema physocaudatum sp. nov.</p> <p>[New Japanese name: Shiribukure-nihaichū] (Figs 28, 29; Tables 1–3)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized dicyemid, body length reaching 2050 µm. Calotte cap-shaped. Vermiform stages with 31–35 peripheral cells: 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+21–25 trunk cells. Infusoriform embryos with 39 cells; refringent bodies solid; and 2 nuclei present in each urn cell.</p> <p>Description. Nematogens (Figs 28a, b, 29a, c). Body length 1100–2050 µm, width 40–55 µm; widest in region of parapolars; trunk width mostly uniform. Peripheral cell number 31–35 (Table 2): 4 propolar cells+4 metapolar cells+2 parapolar cells+19–23 diapolar cells+2 uropolar cells. Calotte cap-shaped, rounded anteriorly; cilia about 4 µm long, oriented anteriorly. Propolar cells equal to or larger than metapolar cells, their nuclei equal to or smaller than metapolar cell nuclei. Propolar cells occupy anterior 40% of calotte length when viewed laterally (Figs 28a, b, 29c). Cytoplasm of propolar cells more darkly stained by hematoxylin than that of other peripheral cells (Fig. 28a, b). Axial cell cylindrical, rounded anteriorly, extending forward to base of propolar cells (Fig. 29c). About 10 vermiform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals. Accessory nuclei seen in trunk peripheral cells.</p> <p>Vermiform embryos (Figs 28c, 29f, g). Full-grown vermiform embryos length 71–106 µm, 14–22 µm in width. Peripheral cell number 31–35 (Table 2); trunk cells arranged in opposed pairs. Anterior end of calotte rounded. Axial cell tapered anteriorly, extending to the base of propolar cells (Fig. 29g). Axial cell of full-grown embryos with 3 agametes.</p> <p>Rhombogens (Figs 28d, e, 29d, e). Body length 1140– 1650 µm, similar to that of nematogens, in length and 50–70 µm in width. Peripheral cell number typically 31–35 (Table 2). Calotte, axial cell shape and anterior extent similar to nematogens. Maximum of 5 infusorigens present in the axial cell of each parent individual. About 50 infusoriform embryos present per axial cell of large individuals.</p> <p>Infusorigens (Figs 28f, 29h; n =20). Mature infusorigens medium-sized; composed of 4–11 (mode 5) external cells (oogonia and primary oocytes)+2–6 (mode 3) internal cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes)+3–11 (mode 5) spermatozoa. Mean diameter of fertilized eggs 11.9 µm; that of spermatozoa 2.2 µm. Axial cell round or ovoid, diameter 11–16 µm.</p> <p>Infusoriform embryos (Figs 28g, h, 29i–k; n =50). Fullgrown embryos large, length 21.2±1.3 µm (mean±SD, excluding cilia); length–width–height ratio 1.0:0.89: 0.84; shape ovoid, pointed posteriorly; cilia at posterior end 7 µm long. Refringent bodies present, solid, occupying anterior 30–40% of embryo length when viewed laterally (Figs 28h, 29k). Cilia project from ventral internal cells into urn cavity (Fig. 29k). Capsule cells contain small granules (Fig. 29k). Mature embryos with 39 cells: 33 somatic+4 germinal cells. Somatic cells of several types present: external cells covering large part of anterior and lateral surfaces of embryo (2 enveloping cells); external cells with cilia on external surfaces (2 pairs of dorsal cells+1 median dorsal cell+2 dorsal caudal cells+2 lateral caudal cells+1 ventral caudal cell+ 2 lateral cells+2 posteroventral lateral cells); external cells with refringent bodies (2 apical cells); external cells without cilia (1 couvercle cell+2 anterior lateral cells+2 first ventral cells+2 second ventral cells+2 third ventral cells); internal cells with cilia (2 ventral internal cells); and internal cells without cilia (2 dorsal internal cells+2 capsule cells+4 urn cells). Each urn cell containing 2 nuclei and a germinal cell (Fig. 29k). All somatic nuclei pycnotic in mature infusoriform embryos.</p> <p>Remarks. Pseudicyema physocaudatum sp. nov. is the first species of the genus found in S. lorigera and is very similar to P. anemophilum sp. nov., P. cappacephalum, P. cupulacephalum sp. nov., P. daioense sp. nov., and P. jinshoae in the calotte shape and the number of infusoriform embryos (Furuya 2009). However, P. physocaudatum sp. nov. is distinguished from P. anemophilum sp. nov., P. cappacephalum, and P. cupulacephalum sp. nov. by the maximum number of infusorigens (5 vs. 2, 3) (Furuya 2009). It differs from P. daioense sp. nov., and P. jinshoae in the anterior extent of axial cell of adult vermiform stages (propolars vs. metapolars).</p> <p>Etymology. The species name “ physocaudatum ”is an adjective composed of two Ancient Greek roots, physa and kerkos, meaning “swelling” and “tail” in reference to the characteristic anterior part of vermiform embryos.</p> <p>Taxonomic summary. Type material: a syntype slide (NSMT-Me-71) collected on 5 December 2019; additional syntypes on slide series No. SM4117 (5 slides) in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Type locality: off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.6/lat 34.15)">Owase</a> (34°09′N, 136°36′E), Mie Prefecture, Honshu, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 180 m.</p> <p>Other materials examined: slide series No. SM3312 (5 slides) collected off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.2)">Minami-Ise</a> (34°12′N, 136°40′E), Mie Prefecture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.66667/lat 34.2)">Honshu</a>, the Kumano Sea, Japan, depth 200 m, 30 Nobember 2015, in the author’s collection.</p> <p>Host: symbiotype, Sepia madokai Adam, 1939 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Sepiida), female (mature), 92 mm ML (NSMT-Mo-85913).</p> <p>Collector of host: T. Moritaki.</p> <p>Site: anterior ends (calottes) attach to surfaces of the renal appendages or inserted into crypts of the renal appendages within the renal sacs.</p> <p>Prevalence: in 2 of 21 host specimens examined (9.5%).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C5972FFD1FFC65CD233DEBA47054E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Furuya, Hidetaka;Moritaki, Takeya	Furuya, Hidetaka, Moritaki, Takeya (2022): Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan. Species Diversity 27 (1): 181-226, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.181, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.181
