taxonID	type	description	language	source
3B61EB1FFF94FF97CDB3381FF6BAFD1A.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Branchiosyllis oculata Ehlers, 1887	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF94FF97CDB3381FF6BAFD1A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body slender with medium to large size, with numerous segments, subcylindrical, dorsoventrally flattened or, in a few species, laterally compressed. Palps totally free from each other or partially free along half of their length. Prostomium with four eyes, some species also with two anterior eyespots, and three antennae. Two pairs of peristomial cirri. Antennae, peristomial, dorsal and anal cirri distinctly articulated. Parapodial lobes dorsally provided with branchiae in some species. Modified falciger chaetae with blades rotated 90 °, claw-shaped (‘ ungulae’). Simple chaetae absent. Pharynx with anterior tooth, trepan absent, with soft papillae on opening in some species. Proventricle usually as long as pharynx. Reproduction by acephalous stolon (cf. San Martín 2005).	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF94FF93CDB33C37F144F9A7.taxon	description	Figures 2 – 5; Table 1	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF94FF93CDB33C37F144F9A7.taxon	materials_examined	Type series. Holotype: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, state of Bahia, Todos os Santos Bay, Ilha dos Frades (12 ° 46 ’ 47 ” S, 38 ° 37 ’ 11 ” W), 3 m depth, associated with Haliclona caerulea: (MNRJP 1430). Paratypes: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, state of Bahia, Todos os Santos Bay, Ilha dos Frades (12 ° 46 ’ 47 ” S, 38 ° 37 ’ 11 ” W), 3 m depth, associated with Haliclona caerulea: four paratypes (MNRJP 1431 – MNRJP 1434) coll. R. Dias, 16. Nov. 2015. Morphological data from specimens of the type series provided in Table 1. Additional Material. Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, state of Bahia, Todos os Santos Bay, Ilha dos Frades (12 ° 46 ’ 47 ” S, 38 ° 37 ’ 11 ” W), 3 m depth, associated with Haliclona caerulea: 6 specimens (MNRJP 1436), coll. R. Dias, 16. Nov. 2015; state of Pernambuco, Fernando de Noronha Island, Buraco da Raquel (3 ° 50 ’ 11 ” S, 32 ° 20 ’ 34 ” W), 0.5 m depth, associated with Haliclona caerulea: 2 specimens (MNRJP 1437), coll. R. Nascimento, 21. April. 2016.	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF94FF93CDB33C37F144F9A7.taxon	description	Description. Holotype complete, 4 mm long, 0.32 mm wide, with 42 segments (Figs 2 A – B; 3 A; Table 1). Longest specimen analysed paratype 1, 5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, with 48 segments (Table 1). Body subcylindrical (Figs. 2 A – B; 3 A). Live specimens pigmented, dorsally with brownish spots on prostomium and alternating chaetigers with no pigmentation and chaetigers with brown transverse stripes interrupted in the center, forming dark spots on each side (Figs 2 A – B, D – E; 3 A); orange colored in ventral view, organized in thin bands more concentrated in the mouth region and becoming sparser and clearer towards proventricle (Fig. 2 C). Color pattern preserved in specimens maintained in 92 % ethanol. Distally rounded palps, fused only at bases (Figs 2 A – C; 3 A). Prostomium subpentagonal to ovate, with two pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Figs 2 B; 3 A). Lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, with 10 – 11 articles each; median antenna inserted between and slightly anteriorly to anterior pair of eyes, slightly posteriorly to lateral ones, of similar size as lateral antennae, longer than combined length of prostomium and palps, with 9 – 12 articles (Figs 2 B; 3 A). Peristomium dorsally inconspicuous, covered by chaetiger 1 (Fig. 3 A); dorsal peristomial cirri longer than median antenna, with 19 – 23 articles each (Figs 2 A – B; 3 A), proportionally longer in juveniles (Fig. 2 E); ventral peristomial cirri shorter than dorsal ones, with 10 – 12 articles each (Fig. 3 A; Table 1). Chaetiger 1 with a mid-dorsal projection over peristomium and prostomium (Fig. 3 A). Dorsal cirri on chaetiger 1 with 15 – 17 articles each; on chaetiger 2 with 12 – 15, on chaetiger 3 with 17 – 20 articles, on chaetiger 4 with 10 – 13 articles, and on chaetiger 5 with 13 – 16 articles each (Fig. 3 A); dorsal cirri slightly alternating in length in remaining chaetigers, longer cirri with 17 articles, shorter cirri with 12 articles (Figs 2 A – B; 3 A; 5 A). Ventral cirri digitiform, inserted at midlength of parapodial lobes, extending until tip of parapodial lobes or slightly beyond (Fig. 3 C). Parapodia distally bilobed, pre-chetal lobe larger than post-chaetal one, both digitiform (Figs 3 B, C; 5 D). Single branchia per parapodium, dorsally inserted close to base of parapodial lobes, well developed; ovate to pyriform, slightly flattened (Figs 3 B – C; 4 A – B; 5 A). Compound chaetae as ungulae only, regular falcigers absent; anterior body with 3 – 4 ungulae per parapodium; midbody with 3 – 5, posterior body with 2 – 3 ungulae per parapodium (Table 1); ungulae with shafts subdistally slightly spinulated (Fig. 5 C – D), shafts progressively thicker ventralwards throughout body (Fig. 3 D – F); blades unidentate with dorsoventral gradation in length, ventralmost ungulae larger and slightly thicker than dorsalmost ones throughout (Figs 3 D – F; 5 B – D). Parapodia with only one acicula each, straight, slightly inflated and oblique subdistally, with acute, rounded tip slightly protruding from parapodial lobes; aciculae progressively thicker towards posterior body (Fig. 3 G – I). Pygidium semicircular, with two articulated anal cirri slightly longer than posterior dorsal cirri (Fig. 2 D, E), lost in most examined specimens. Pharynx slightly thinner than proventricle, through 3.5 segments (Table 1); conical pharyngeal tooth close to anterior border (Fig. 3 A). Proventricle through three segments, with 24 – 26 rows of muscle cells (Figs 2 A – C; 3 B; Table 1). Reproduction. One specimen with 40 chaetigers was found with attached pigmented acephalous stolon, 0.61 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, with 6 – 7 chaetigers (Fig. 2 D). In addition, some juveniles were found (Fig. 2 E), suggesting that the species completes its life cycle, or spends most of it, within the sponge.	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF94FF93CDB33C37F144F9A7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Branchiosyllis belchiori sp. nov. resembles B. australis Hartmann-Schröder, 1981, B. lamellifera Verrill, 1900, B. oculata Ehlers, 1887, B. pacifica Rioja, 1941, and B. tamandarensis by the presence of branchiae and only ungulae as compound chaetae throughout the body. Branchiosyllis australis has been reported from Western Australia and the Philippines; B. pacifica has been reported from the Eastern Tropical Pacific (Mexico), whereas both B. lamellifera and B. oculata occur in the North Atlantic region, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, respectively (Table 2). Branchiosyllis tamandarensis is the only of those species described from the South Atlantic, specifically from the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, and to date is only known from the original description. Branchiosyllis belchiori sp. nov. differs from all species mentioned above in the characteristic color pattern, in the size and shape of body, length of pharynx and proventricle, in the unique shape of branchiae, and the number of ungulae per parapodium (Table 2). Branchiosyllis pacifica lacks distinctive color pattern, B. oculata, B. tamandarensis, B. lamellifera and B. australis have uniform color pattern; in contrast, B. belchiori sp. nov. has brownish spots dorsally on the prostomium, and alternates chaetigers with no pigmentation and chaetigers with brown transverse stripes interrupted in the center, forming dark spots on each side (Table 2). Specimens of B. australis, B. lamellifera, B. oculata, B. pacifica, and B. tamandarensis have longer and wider bodies than B. belchiori sp. nov., including larger pharynx and proventricle (Table 2). Branchiosyllis lamellifera, B. pacifica, and B. tamandarensis have multilobed branchiae with up to three, four, and six lobes, respectively; B. oculata branchiae are dome-shaped or slightly flattened, and in B. australis, branchiae are small, nearly inconspicuous.	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF94FF93CDB33C37F144F9A7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Atlantic, Brazil: states of Bahia (Todos os Santos Bay) and Pernambuco (Fernando de Noronha Island).	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF94FF93CDB33C37F144F9A7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after Antônio Carlos Belchior (stage name Belchior), a remarkable Brazilian popular singer and songwriter (02. Oct. 1946 — 30. April. 2017) who has amazed and inspired generations with his talent, and who is the first author’s favorite artist.	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF90FF98CDB33FC6F675FE28.taxon	description	Figures 6 – 8; Table 3	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF90FF98CDB33FC6F675FE28.taxon	materials_examined	Type series. Holotype (MNRJP 1912): Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Fernando de Noronha Island, Buraco da Raquel (3 ° 50 ’ 11 ” S, 32 ° 24 ’ 34 ” W), 1 m depth, on Plakortis insularis, coll. R. Nascimento, 21. April. 2016. Paratypes: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Rocas Atoll, Piscina das Tartarugas (3 ° 52 ’ 20.5 ” S, 33 ° 48 ’ 31.4 ” W), 1 m depth, on sponges: Paratype 1 (MZUSP 3533), coll. 21. Oct. 2000; Canal da Barretinha (3 ° 51 ’ 35.3 ” S, 33 ° 49 ’ 04.6 ” W), 1 m depth, on sponges: Paratype 2 (MZUSP 3534), Paratype 3 (MNRJP 1913), coll. 10. Oct. 2000; state of Pernambuco, Fernando de Noronha Island, Buraco da Raquel (3 ° 50 ’ 11 ” S, 32 ° 24 ’ 34 ” W), 1 m depth, on Aiolochroia crassa: Paratype 4 (MNRJP 1914), Paratype 5 mounted for SEM (MNRJP 1983) coll. R. Nascimento, 21. April. 2016. Morphological data from specimens of the type series provided in Table 3.	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF90FF98CDB33FC6F675FE28.taxon	description	Description. Holotype complete, with 4.6 mm long, 0.40 mm wide, with 52 segments (Figs 6 A; 7 A; Table 3). Longest specimen analyzed paratype 1 (MZUSP 3533), 6.6 mm long, 0.47 mm wide, with 55 segments (Table 3). Subcylindrical to slightly flattened body (Figs 6 A; 7 A; 8 A). Holotype pigmented, dorsally with brownish spots on prostomium and dark spots on each side of the segments, close to bases of cirrophores (Fig. 6 A). Distally rounded palps fused only at bases (Figs 6 A, D; 7 A; 8 B). Prostomium subpentagonal to rectangular, with two pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Figs 6 A; 7 A); antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium; median antenna with 13 – 17 articles, lateral antennae with 13 – 17 articles each (Figs 6 A; 7 A; 8 A; Table 3). Nuchal organs as pair of densely ciliated rows dorso-laterally located on posterior border of prostomium (Fig. 8 C). Peristomium dorsally inconspicuous, covered by chaetiger 1 (Figs 7 A; 8 C); dorsal peristomial cirri longer than median antenna, with 25 – 31 articles each (Table 3); ventral peristomial cirri shorter than dorsal ones, with 12 – 15 articles each (Table 3). Chaetiger 1 with dorsal projections as rounded swollen areas at bases of cirrophores, and a mid-dorsal, triangular projection over peristomium and prostomium (Figs 7 A; 8 C). Dorsal cirri on chaetiger 1 with 18 – 25 articles each; on chaetiger 2 with 16 – 26, on chaetiger 3 with 26 – 36 articles, on chaetiger 4 with 15 – 20 articles, and on chaetiger 5 with 17 – 24 articles each; dorsal cirri slightly alternating in length in remaining chaetigers, longer cirri with up to 34 articles, shorter cirri with up to 20 articles (Figs 6 A; 7 A; 8 A). Ventral cirri digitiform, inserted at midlength of parapodial lobes, not reaching tip of parapodial lobes (Figs 6 C; 8 B). Parapodia distally bilobate, pre-chaetal lobe larger than post-chaetal one, both digitiform (Fig. 8 G). A single branchia per parapodium, dorsally inserted, welldeveloped, multilobulated (Fig. 8 A, D – F), with up to five lobes (Fig. 8 E), and granular appearance internally. Compound chaetae as ungulae only, regular falcigers absent; anterior body with 4 – 5 ungulae per parapodium; midbody with 4 – 6, posterior body with 4 – 6 ungulae per parapodium (Table 3); ungulae with shafts subdistally slightly spinulated, shafts progressively thicker ventralwards throughout body (Figs 7 C – E; 8 G, H); blades unidentate with dorsoventral gradation in length, ventralmost ungulae larger and thicker than dorsalmost ones throughout (Figs 7 C – E; 8 H). Aciculae straight, with acute tip, progressively slightly thicker towards posterior body; anterior parapodia with two aciculae each (Fig. 7 F); midbody and posterior parapodia with only one acicula each (Fig. 7 G, H; Table 3), sometimes slightly protruding from parapodial lobes (Figs 7 F – H; 8 H). Pygidium semicircular, with two articulated anal cirri approximately as long as posterior dorsal cirri (not considering cirri of growth region). Pharynx thinner than proventricle (Figs. 6 A; 7 B), through 5 – 5.5 segments (Table 3), with opening surrounded by 11 soft papillae (Figs 6 B, D; 8 B); conical pharyngeal tooth close to anterior border (Fig. 7 B). Proventricle through 4 – 5 segments, with 21 – 24 rows of muscle cells (Fig. 7 B; Table 3). Variation. Branchiosyllis gonzaguinhai sp. nov. shows some variation in pigmentation: the holotype has dark brown spots on prostomium and dorsally on each side of segments, in the bases of cirrophores; in some segments there is a thin and sparse line of these dark brown spots, however, in Paratype 1 (MZUSP 3533, there is only a thin and sparse line present. In Paratype 5 (MNRJ 1983), the median antenna is originated slightly posteriorly than lateral ones. The dorsal projection on first chaetiger is slightly shorter in some specimens analyzed. We consider these variations as intraspecific.	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF90FF98CDB33FC6F675FE28.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Branchiosyllis gonzaguinhai sp. nov. differs from all its congeners in having a pair of dorsal swollen areas close to bases of cirrophores on first chaetiger (Fig. 8 A, C), however, the new species herein described resembles B. lamellifera Verril, 1900, B. pacifica Rioja, 1941, and B. tamandarensis Paresque, Fukuda & Nogueira, 2016 by having multi-lobed branchiae and only ungulae on all parapodia (Álvarez-Campos et al., 2012; Paresque et al., 2016). Branchiosyllis tamandarensis is the most similar species to B. gonzaguinhai sp. nov. B. tamandarensis has a yellowish to orange color, whereas B. gonzaguinhai sp. nov. has dark brown spots dorsally, on each side of each segment (Table 2). Furthermore, B. tamandarensis presents wider bodies, branchiae with up to six lobes and median antenna inserted between or slightly anteriorly to anterior pair of eyes, whereas B. gonzaguinhai sp. nov. has branchiae with up to five lobes and median antenna inserted in line with the lateral ones (Table 2).	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF90FF98CDB33FC6F675FE28.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype MNRJP Paratype 1 MZUSP Paratype 2 MZUSP 3534 Paratype 3 MNRJP Paratype 4 MNRJP Paratype 5 MNRJP 1983 1912 3533 1913 1914 Number of chaetigers / 27 / 3.7 x 0.48 (incomplete) 39 / 4.5 x 0.50	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF90FF98CDB33FC6F675FE28.taxon	description	Total length x width at 36 / 4.5 x 0.42 Whole body with dark 52 / 4.6 x 0.40 55 / 6.6 x 0.47 56 / 5.25 x 0.42 Whole body with dark proventricle (mm) incomplete purple pigmentation. purple pigmentation Mounted for SEM Length of pharynx 5 5.5 5.5 5 not visible not visible (chaetigers) Length of proventricle (chaetigers x number of 4 x 24 4 x 21 5 x 23 4.5 x 22 not visible not visible muscle cell rows) Number of articles Median antenna 16 13 14 14 17 17 Lateral antennae 15, 13 16, 17 14, 14 13, lost lost, 14 13, 14 Dorsal peristomial cirri 25, 30 28, 29 31, 21 incomplete. 27, lost 26, 27 31, 30 (left, right) Ventral peristomial lost, 13 lost, 13 13, lost 15, 13 13, 13 12, 13 cirri (left, right) Number of ungulae per parapodium Anterior body 4 – 5 4 – 5 4 – 5 4 – 5 4 – 5 4 – 5 Midbody 4 – 5 5 – 6 4 – 5 4 – 5 4 – 5 4 – 6 Posterior body 4 – 6 5 - 6 4 – 5 lost 4 – 5 lost Number of aciculae per parapodium 2 / 1 – 2 / 1 2 / 1 – 2 / 1 2 / 1 – 2 / 1 2 / 1 – 2 / lost 2 / 1 – 2 / 1 2 / 1 – 2 / lost (anterior / midbody / posterior body) Habitat. Species found in association with sponges. The holotype was collected in Plakortis insularis Moraes & Muricy, 2003, and the paratype 4 in Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) from the Fernando de Noronha Island. The paratypes 1, 2, 3 and 5, from Rocas Atoll, were “ on and within sponges ”, without more information about these sponges. Moraes (2011) reported both Plakortis insularis and Aiolochroia crassa from Rocas Atoll.	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF90FF98CDB33FC6F675FE28.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Atlantic, Brazil: states of and Pernambuco (Fernando de Noronha Island) and Rio Grande do Norte (Rocas Atoll).	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
3B61EB1FFF90FF98CDB33FC6F675FE28.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento Júnior (stage name Gonzaguinha), a remarkable Brazilian popular songwriter and singer (22. Sept. 1945 – 29. April. 1991) who has amazed and inspired generations with his talent, especially for his artistic production during the last period of military dictatorship in Brazil.	en	Nascimento, Rodolfo Leandro, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De (2019): Two new sponge-associated Branchiosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4568 (2): 307-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.6
