taxonID	type	description	language	source
3B798795FD16B51658C3FCAFD78AFA9D.taxon	discussion	We conducted a series of multivariate analyses on six biometrics: bill width, bill depth at gonys; and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths. The sample (n = 261) comprised adults collected at colonies, held at museums worldwide, and measured by VB. Mean measurements are shown in Fig. 3. Analyses were conducted using the packages FACTORMINE and MASS from R software. Biometric characters were centred and scaled prior to analyses. Principal Component Analyses. — Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed as a descriptive multivariate analysis. In the first PCA, specimens from breeding archipelagos were grouped and averaged, including F. tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large F. [g.] titan (from Rapa Island), and F. maoriana (from New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens ‘ lineata ’ from Samoa and ‘ guttata ’ from Ua Pou were treated individually. Results are shown in Fig. 4 A. The first principal component (Dim 1; Fig. 4 A) was a body size axis (especially wing length; see Fig. 5). Dim 1 clearly separates the smallest F. maoriana (purple) from the largest F. [g.] titan (blue). F. tropica (green) and F. grallaria (orange and red) were fairly evenly spread, with F. grallaria having an overall smaller size and notably shorter tarsi, although some individuals (mainly from the western Pacific, but also the South Atlantic) had tarsi nearly as long as F. tropica (Fig. 3). QM 31216 (light green) clumped with F. tropica (dark green), whilst QM 14391 clumped with ‘ lineata ’ and ‘ guttata ’ (black). All three were at the small end of the size range of F. grallaria, having slightly shorter wings, a shorter tail than other Fregetta (but longer than F. maoriana), and tarsus length intermediate between F. tropica and F. grallaria (Fig. 3). This morphometric analysis supports the separation of F. maoriana, highlights the distinctiveness of the ‘ lineata, guttata, QM 14391 ’ specimens within F. grallaria, and aligns QM 31216 with F. tropica. These results were confirmed by two further PCAs run on individual specimens. For the F. maoriana, ‘ lineata ’ and ‘ guttata ’ specimens, we used measurements taken by various researchers, as if they were independent samples, yielding, respectively, seven and 11 ‘ specimens’ (complete list and measurements in Appendix 2). In the PCAs, individuals were grouped by breeding locality (Fig. 4 B) or by taxonomy (Fig. 4 C). Both PCAs indicated that ‘ lineata ’, ‘ guttata ’ and QM 14391 clumped between F. grallaria and F. tropica, overlapping slightly with both. Also, many F. grallaria specimens overlapped with F. tropica. Lastly, once again, F. maoriana and F. [g.] titan map as extreme opposites (Figs. 4 B ‒ C). Discriminant Analyses. — Discriminant Analysis (DA) maximises multivariate differences between groups (taxa). It establishes classification of individuals from their biometrics based on canonical discriminant functions. DA was performed on individuals grouped by nine breeding localities (Fig. 4 D), five taxa (Fig. 4 E), and a reduced set of three taxa (Fig. 4 F). The five taxa were ‘ F. lineata ’ (a regrouping of ‘ lineata, guttata, and QM 14391 ’), F. grallaria, F. tropica (including QM 31216), F. maoriana, and F. [g.] titan. Error-classification rates are derived as apparent rates when using all individuals as a train dataset, or more robust estimates of error rates when using the cross-validation and leave one out procedure. The same six centred and scaled variables from PCA were used in DA. First, a stepwise DA indicated that all six variables entered the model (with threshold significance level for dropping a variable established at 0.01), thus all six variables were retained (data not shown). Then, using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), we found apparent classification-error rate was only 10.34 % (n = 261) when applied to all breeding localities as groups (Fig. 4 D). Five of seven F. lineata were correctly assigned, as were all F. maoriana and all F. [g.] titan, and nearly all F. tropica and F. g. segethi. Using a cross-validation procedure for error-rate estimation led to a slight increase, as expected, of 13.0 % error rate. A second LDA was run on the five taxa as a priori groups (Fig. 4 E). Apparent error-rate classification was lower, at 8 %, but just two F. lineata were correctly classified. Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) was also used, as it is less conservative (permitting different variance matrices for different groups), while using a quadratic classification decision boundary. QDA significantly improved the apparent error rate (3.8 %), notably with all seven F. lineata specimens now being correctly assigned to their group. However, using the cross-validation calibration, the error rate was 8.8 %. Restricting DA to F. lineata, F. grallaria and F. tropica did not significantly alter the results, but placed F. lineata between F. grallaria and F. tropica in multivariate space (Fig. 4 F), notably due to intermediate values in tarsus length (Figs. 3 and 6). The three F. lineata specimens are larger than F. maoriana in all measurements (Fig. 3, Appendix 2), albeit with very slight overlap in bill width. Within each taxon, measurements vary to some extent between individuals, as reported by relatively high standard error values in wing and tail measurements (Appendix 2). Intra-taxon variation, however, is particularly pronounced for the three F. lineata specimens. Part of this variation is due to observer measurement error, and possibly also to specimen age. The within-individual range of variation (i. e., measurements made by three or four different observers) is actually higher than the within-population variation of F. maoriana. For example, the two specimens of F. maoriana held at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, were measured by four different observers, and standard errors in measurements vary between 0.13 mm (culmen length in one specimen) and 2.25 mm (tail length in the other). Tarsus length also varies both within and between the three F. lineata specimens. Streaks on their bellies are also quite variable, as in F. maoriana (e. g., Flood 2003, Stephenson et al. 2008 b), but are completely unique to F. lineata and F. maoriana. Neither taxon shows an absence of streaks, but their extent and arrangement are variable and distinctive (see below).	en	Bretagnolle, Vincent, Flood, Robert L., Gaba, Sabrina, Shirihai, Hadoram (2022): Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 142 (1): 111-130, DOI: 10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-british-ornithologists-club/volume-142/issue-1/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6/Fregetta-lineata-Peale-1848-is-a-valid-extant-species-endemic/10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6.full
3B798795FD15B51858BCFA8FD5CDFBFC.taxon	description	Recent genetic work shed light on the Fregetta complex, but also added uncertainties and confusion. These have confirmed that live F. maoriana and the three F. maoriana specimens are the same taxon (Robertson et al. 2011). They are distinct from and not close to Oceanites and lie within Fregetta (Robertson et al. 2011, 2016). This is supported by evidence from Mallophaga: Philoceanus fasciatus, a species found on both F. tropica and F. grallaria, has been collected on F. maoriana, and is morphologically very different from both Philoceanus robertsi, parasitic on Oceanites oceanicus, and Philoceanus garrodiae, parasitic on Grey-backed Storm Petrel Garrodia nereis (Stephenson et al. 2008 b). Three studies provide Fregetta phylogenetic trees; based on either short (c. 500 bp; Cibois et al. 2015), long (960 bp; Robertson et al. 2016), or complete cyt- b sequences (Robertson et al. 2011); as well as seventh intron of beta Fib (Robertson et al. 2011, 2016). This diversity of genetic material led to contrasting conclusions. F. maoriana was closer to F. tropica than F. grallaria in both complete cyt- b and nuclear intron (Robertson et al. 2011), closer to F. tropica than F. grallaria in short cyt- b (Cibois et al. 2015), but closer to F. grallaria in long cyt- b and closer to F. tropica in nuclear intron (Robertson et al. 2016). In addition, F. lineata AMNH 194110 was sequenced and results indicate that it diverges from F. maoriana and, based on partial cyt- b sequence (557 bp), is more closely related to F. grallaria, especially F. [g.] titan, than to F. tropica (Cibois et al. 2015, Robertson et al. 2016). A matter of note, Robertson et al. (2016) commented that Cibois et al. (2015) were wrong to include NHMUK 1953.55.101 (collected on Gough Island, South Atlantic, held at the Natural History Museum, Tring) as F. grallaria. However, the sequence was taken from Robertson et al. (2011), as recorded in GenBank, so the original error is owned by the latter. Our findings show that USNM 15713 and AMNH 194110 are the same taxon, F. lineata, based on morphometrics, although no genetic data are available for the USNM specimen. Interestingly, the Brisbane specimen QM 14391 was sequenced and clumped with F. [g.] titan (Robertson et al. 2011), as did the Ua Pou specimen AMNH 194110 (Cibois et al. 2015), supporting the case for aggregating them. Incidentally, whilst QM 14391 is labelled F. tropica, Robertson et al. (2016) treated it as F. grallaria, presumably because sequences clade with F. grallaria rather than F. tropica. However, systematics of the group are complicated by the opaque taxonomy of the genus Fregetta itself (Howell 2010, 2012), with more than 20 different names proposed for these birds, and the complex situation in Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic (Brooke 2004, Howell 2012, Flood & Fisher 2013). In particular, taxonomy of the F. grallaria and F. tropica complexes are not resolved (Crochet 2008, Howell 2010, 2012, Robertson et al. 2016). That said, there is consensus that the four Fregetta taxa (F. grallaria, F. tropica, F. lineata and F. maoriana) form a monophyletic clade, based on mtDNA and nuclear DNA, albeit a single gene in both cases (Robertson et al. 2011, Cibois et al. 2015, Robertson et al. 2016). This clade is distinct from Oceanites and supports the generic denomination Fregetta.	en	Bretagnolle, Vincent, Flood, Robert L., Gaba, Sabrina, Shirihai, Hadoram (2022): Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 142 (1): 111-130, DOI: 10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-british-ornithologists-club/volume-142/issue-1/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6/Fregetta-lineata-Peale-1848-is-a-valid-extant-species-endemic/10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6.full
3B798795FD1BB51F5964F9FFD5AFFD9C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. — The oldest of the three F. lineata specimens (USNM 15713; Fig. 2) was collected on Upolu, Samoa, in 1839 by T. R. Peale and described in detail by Mathews (1933). It is the type specimen of Thalassidroma lineata Peale (1848, Deignan 1961). However, the specimen has not been sequenced, unlike the other two. Probably, the specimen was collected in November 1839, perhaps during 23 – 25 November, when Peale visited the island. The species was said to be nesting in holes high in the mountains (Mathews 1933), ‘ very high up in the mountains’ (Murphy & Snyder 1952), possibly the highest point Mt. Fito (c. 1,100 m). Historic records state that a native collected the specimen for Peale, and the latter mentioned these birds were from the mountains. However, the precise circumstances are unclear and it is possible that the storm petrel breeding in the mountains was Polynesian Storm Petrel Nesofregetta fuliginosa (Bourne 2008), and that the specimen was collected at sea, as Peale mentioned these birds were commonly observed there. Murphy & Snyder’s (1952) conclusion that the specimen is F. tropica, which is not known to breed in the tropics, led Bourne (2008) to propose that it was collected by Peale in the southern seas and accidentally exchanged with the holotype of Collared Petrel Pterodroma brevipes (USNM 15459; also collected by Peale). As it is not F. tropica (see above), there is no reason to doubt the locality. USNM 15713 has not been genetically sequenced, its age is unknown, and the skin is damaged.	en	Bretagnolle, Vincent, Flood, Robert L., Gaba, Sabrina, Shirihai, Hadoram (2022): Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 142 (1): 111-130, DOI: 10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-british-ornithologists-club/volume-142/issue-1/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6/Fregetta-lineata-Peale-1848-is-a-valid-extant-species-endemic/10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6.full
3B798795FD1BB51F5964F9FFD5AFFD9C.taxon	description	Measurements. — Wing length 163 mm; tail length 70 mm; culmen (bill length from feathers) 14.5 mm; bill depth (top of maxillary unguis to base of mandibular unguis) 4.8 mm; bill width at base 6.6 mm; tarsus length 37.3 mm. Second oldest specimen. — AMNH 194110 from the Marquesas (Fig. 2) was described in detail by Murphy (1924) and is a female collected on 15 September 1922 by R. H. Beck, off Ua Pou, Marquesas. It is currently labelled Fregetta guttata (Mathews 1933, LeCroy 2017) and is the holotype of F. guttata (LeCroy 2017). Murphy (1924) initially considered the specimen to be the same taxon as F. lineata (Peale 1848), and noted an intermediate structure (foot, nails, rectrices, etc.) between F. grallaria and F. tropica. Mathews (1933) misinterpreted Murphy (1924), confusing F. lineata and F. [g.] titan, and concluded AMNH 194110 represented a new species, even proposing a new genus. However, contra Mathews (1933), Murphy & Snyder (1952) found the differences insufficient to recognise a new taxon and assigned it to F. grallaria, considering ‘ lineata ’ to be a synonym of ‘ grallaria ’ (see also LeCroy 2017). Measurements are given in Appendix 2. Description. — Consult Figs. 7 – 9. Foreparts Head, neck and throat to upper breast blackish brown (old feathers brownish and new ones glossed black). Throat of worn birds may show central pale mottling. Underparts Lower breast, belly to upper ventral region, and flanks contrastingly white with characteristic oval-shaped blackish streaking (feather centres). Streaking somewhat variable in size and shape, but typically each streak broadens at feather tip. Streaks on flanks widest and densest, those on central belly narrowest, and form rows of oval dapples. Dark upper breast border tends to form triangular extensions into sides of white breast. Underwing Striking pattern with following specific characteristics. Broad blackish-brown leading edge, its border contiguous with dark upper breast. Dark leading edge of inner wing involves lesser secondary-coverts, and on outer wing the lesser and central median primary-coverts. Greater primary-coverts mostly greyish black. Median and greater primary-coverts narrowly tipped and edged white. Flight feathers essentially uniform greyish black. Resultant pattern is dark with restricted white underwing panel, which mostly involves median and greater secondary-coverts. However, some greater secondary-coverts can be dark centred, further restricting area of white panel. Upperparts Mantle to back and scapulars essentially blackish brown, shiny greenish / greyish on catching the light. Some mantle and scapular feathers narrowly tipped whitish. Small uppertail-coverts browner, rest white forming a well-defined wide U shape that wraps onto white underside. Upperwing Colour as upperparts, but upperwing-coverts a shade browner, forming an indistinct paler panel. Tail Blackish brown with white basal area on underside mostly concealed by blackish-brown lateral undertail-coverts (with thin white edges) but visible on spread tail. Bare parts Essentially black. In-hand identification. — F. lineata is distinct from F. grallaria in structure and measurements. Only a few F. grallaria are flecked / streaked on belly (Fig. 8). Murphy & Snyder (1952) stated that such markings are commonly found in F. grallaria. However, they are found on just eight of 68 adults collected near the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile), and seven of 35 adult F. [g.] titan. Similar statistics occur for F. tropica (AMNH). Our experience of F. grallaria and F. [g.] titan in the South Pacific, and c. 35 F. tropica specimens from New Zealand, leads to the conclusion that streaking is scarce and irregular, and variable in width and density, unlike the three F. lineata specimens (see Flood 2003, Stephenson et al. 2008 b). Variation in intermediate-morph F. g. grallaria from Lord Howe and Kermadec Islands amounts to gradual darkening on the axillaries and flanks, not streaking on the belly, and all but the darkest individuals have a pale belly (Marchant & Higgins 1990, Stephenson et al. 2008 b). Identification at sea and plumage variation. — F. lineata can reliably be identified at sea with good views and, ideally, in sharp photographs on which it is possible to evaluate details. Separation from Fregetta storm petrels. — Usually, F. tropica has a thick dark central belly-stripe, sometimes narrow, scarcely broken, and a different structure and behaviour (see below). Usually, F. grallaria has a pure white belly, but a few have irregular thinly distributed flecks / streaks. Scarcely, individuals from all populations of F. grallaria have flanks streaking, narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of F. lineata, or straighter lines characteristic of F. maoriana (Fig. 8). A few extreme examples of F. g. grallaria from Lord Howe display broader flanks streaking, but never across the whole belly (Fig. 8). Also, unlike F. grallaria, F. lineata (and F. maoriana) have a narrower white ‘ rump patch’ on the long uppertail-coverts and a more restricted white underwing panel. Lastly, F. lineata (and F. maoriana) lack extensive and broad white fringing on fresh upperparts as in most populations of F. tropica and F. grallaria. Separation from F. maoriana. — Consult Figs. 8 ‒ 9. Similar-looking but individually variable F. lineata is larger, longer winged and longer legged, with different belly streaking and underwing pattern. Belly streaking of F. lineata is typically denser and bolder. White underwing panel of F. lineata typically narrower and less clean-looking (more underwing-coverts have broad dark centres). Border of dark on breast rounder in F. lineata, curving from sides of lower breast to central upper breast, but clearly straighter in F. maoriana. White ‘ rump patch’ on long uppertail-coverts averages narrower and rounder in F. lineata. Both species show variation in belly streaking. For example, F. lineata score 4 (16.7 % of birds) shows narrower less coalescing streaking, suggesting most heavily streaked F. maoriana score 1 (9.3 % of birds). F. lineata score 1 (23.3 % of birds) uniquely patterned, with continuous and dense rows of oval dapples, rather than the more straight-lined streaks of F. maoriana (for explanation of scoring see Fig. 9). Borderline cases of belly streaking separated when underwing pattern diagnostic. Underwing of F. lineata diagnostic when shows partially dark row of longest lesser secondary-coverts, creating characteristic ragged border to dark leading edge, and has dark centres to greater secondary-coverts. Conversely, a clear-cut border and all-white greater secondary-coverts are diagnostic of F. maoriana (e. g., as evidenced by the first proven record of F. maoriana away from New Zealand, off Fiji; Flood & Wilson 2017). Also consider jizz and behaviour as follows. Jizz and behaviour. — Once learnt, F. lineata is readily identifiable by jizz, flight and feeding behaviour. Compared to other Fregetta storm petrels, including F. maoriana, note the slimmer build, with proportionately longer and narrower wings, elongated rear body, and long squarer-ended tail. F. lineata has a less square, more angular forehead profile, longer neck, and quite long and thick bill that curves downward. It also has long legs, notably the tibia, which can approach the very long legs of White-faced Storm Petrel Pelagodroma marina, best appreciated when foot-pattering (Fig. 7). Feet relatively ‘ huge’, accentuating impression of ‘ walking on water’. Unlike other Fregetta that freely ‘ ski’ using one foot, this species only occasionally performs short ‘ skis’. Rather, it employs both feet simultaneously, occasionally followed by a short ‘ ski’. F. maoriana ‘ skis’ on one foot in travelling flight, but not habitually like F. tropica and F. grallaria. Travelling flight striking, comprising glides and flaps on stiff wings, close to the sea surface. Collects prey from sea surface like other Fregetta. A bird once dived c. 30 cm to collect small pieces of fish. On several occasions, foraging birds challenged Tahiti Petrel Pseudobulweria rostrata and Gould’s Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera, quickly snatching fish pieces, then escaping. F. lineata may associate with P. leucoptera as they often arrive simultaneously at chum, and F. lineata is always present at large feeding aggregations of P. leucoptera. Also, F. lineata constantly follows feeding Copper Sharks Carcharhinus brachyurus.	en	Bretagnolle, Vincent, Flood, Robert L., Gaba, Sabrina, Shirihai, Hadoram (2022): Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 142 (1): 111-130, DOI: 10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-british-ornithologists-club/volume-142/issue-1/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6/Fregetta-lineata-Peale-1848-is-a-valid-extant-species-endemic/10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6.full
3B798795FD1CB50158ADFD8FD5D5FB5D.taxon	description	First confirmed breeding in New Caledonia. — On 26 September 2014, a juvenile F. lineata was caught by inhabitants of New Caledonia. Information is sparse, but it was found on the shore of mainland New Caledonia, in an inhabited area (Fig. 1), and the juvenile probably was disoriented by street lights, as happens elsewhere with petrels, shearwaters and storm petrels (Rodríguez et al. 2017). Photographs were taken that day at Port Bouraké, in front of Îlot Leprédour (Fig. 10). In 2009, this islet became a nature reserve of the Province Sud. Eradication of European Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus from the islet is underway. The photographs were first sent to L. Renaudet (of the Société Calédonienne d’Ornithologie), who forwarded them to VB for identification. The bird had down on its head and nape, indicating a recent fledgling and confirming breeding on New Caledonia. No feather or blood samples were taken, and the bird was released. This is the only definite record of F. lineata on land and the only one indicative of breeding. What is the breeding season in New Caledonia? — A fledgling in September points to winter breeding in the Southern Hemisphere. A six-month season is expected given the size of F. lineata. Thus, based on the fledgling, March – April is the likely egg-laying period. This corresponds with the majority of sightings in March and April off New Caledonia (Appendix 1). Further, numerous sightings as early as January off New Caledonia in 2020 suggest that egg laying may occur over an extended period, possibly January – April. In January 2020, off New Caledonia, birds were in rather fresh plumage, but tail and breast feathers were worn. The lack of primary moult and feather condition indicate that at least some were engaged in pre-breeding or breeding activities. (Primary moult of successful breeding storm petrels generally commences post-breeding.) Sightings off Australia perhaps correspond mainly to non-breeders. Indeed, birds there in March often had rather worn plumage and in April 2014 active wing moult was noted, which would not be expected in breeding adults. That said, some did not show obvious wear or moult. Where exactly does it breed? — All islets in the southern lagoon of New Caledonia have been visited and carefully searched, with several nights spent on most of them (Benoit & Bretagnolle 2002). No storm petrel was ever seen, no Fregetta whistling call was heard and, as far as we know, none of the many ornithologists who subsequently visited the islets has reported storm petrels. The only known storm petrel colony in New Caledonia was located in December 1999 in the interior of an islet off northern New Caledonia (VB pers. obs.). Seven to nine burrows with entrances of c. 5 – 7 cm width were located in sand. No particular smell was detected and nothing was observed in the burrows. They were not disturbed as burrows in sand are easily and irreparably damaged. It was not possible to spend the night on the islet, but during several nights on neighbouring islets no storm petrel was seen or heard. Polynesian Storm Petrel Nesofregetta fuliginosa, a long-suspected breeder in New Caledonia, was believed to be the burrow owner. In May 2000, M. Pandolfi spent a night at the colony, heard whistling calls, but did not see or catch any storm petrels. Winter breeding supported the assumption that N. fuliginosa was involved. However, the following summer rats Rattus rattus were found on the islet. Although successfully eradicated in 2008, no one has located storm petrels on subsequent visits and no burrow has been found (J. Baudat & P. Villard pers. comm. 2008 – 18). The species of storm petrel involved remains unknown. F. lineata may breed either inland or on islets in Bouloupari Lagoon (not visited). These islets are atypical and quite unlike southern lagoon islets. Some are rocky and most are surrounded by mangroves. The most suitable location would be Leprédour Islet where introduced mammals were recently eradicated. Any storm petrel population on the islet would likely have recovered somewhat, leading to at-sea sightings, as suggested for F. maoriana which breeds on Little Barrier Island where cats were recently eradicated. Alternatively, breeding may occur on mainland New Caledonia; a likely location is the Tontouta River valley where Pterodroma leucoptera breeds. High forested peaks along the coast, such as Dent de Saint Vincent, are also suitable search locations. Apart from New Caledonia, the Marquesas Islands, where AMNH 194110 was collected, could hold a breeding population. The presence of subfossil bones attributed to Fregetta on Ua Huka and Tahuata (Steadman 2006) might evidence the past presence of F. lineata. In addition, on 30 September 2013, one or two streaked storm petrels were seen south-west of Fatu Hiva, which provides hope that the streaked storm petrel survives in the Marquesas (Flood & Wilson 2017). However, in September – October 2021, an 18 - day seabird survey circumnavigating the islands recorded numerous storm petrels, but no streaked birds (Flood et al. 2022). Perhaps seas around the Marquesas form part of the non-breeding range, given that the AMNH specimen and the recent sightings were in September, at the end of the likely breeding season in New Caledonia discussed above. Also, F. lineata could breed and survive on Samoa, where USNM 15713 was collected (especially if the bird was collected on land, see above). Mt. Fito would be a likely breeding locality, although again, the seas around Samoa could form part of the non-breeding range, as the specimen was collected in November.	en	Bretagnolle, Vincent, Flood, Robert L., Gaba, Sabrina, Shirihai, Hadoram (2022): Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 142 (1): 111-130, DOI: 10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-british-ornithologists-club/volume-142/issue-1/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6/Fregetta-lineata-Peale-1848-is-a-valid-extant-species-endemic/10.25226/bboc.v142i1.2022.a6.full
