taxonID	type	description	language	source
3B2587CE984CFC6B9FADFB77FD2C0FBD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BMNH 1866.6. 19.9, 263.0 mm SL, Sydney market, Australia; no collection data. Paratypes. Holotype of Otolithus teraglin, AMS I. 9773, 515.0 mm SL, Sydney market, New South Wales, Australia, no collection date; AMS I. 26027 - 009 (207.0 mm SL), New South Wales, Australia (29 ° 39 ' S, 153 ° 23 ' E), caught by demersal prawn trawl, 24 Mar 1985, collected by FRV Kapala; AMS I. 27322 - 008 (210.0 mm SL), New South Wales, Australia (32 ° 08 ' S, 152 ° 31 ' E), caught by demersal prawn trawl, 1 Oct 1985, collected by FRV Kapala; AMS I. 43816 - 002 (170.0 mm SL), New South Wales, Australia (32 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 53 ' E), caught by demersal trawl, 2000, collected by NSW Fisheries; AMS I. 46169 - 001 (107.0 mm SL), New South Wales, Australia (29 ° 05 ' 53 " S, 153 ° 26 ' 30 " E), caught by demersal trawl, 26 Mar 2013, collected by NSW Fisheries.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE984CFC6B9FADFB77FD2C0FBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal fin soft rays, 31 – 34 (31); gill rakers 7 + 1 + 7 – 9 in first gill arch; lateral line 70 – 73 pored scales; no canines in adults; caudal fin emarginate; distribution south-eastern Australia.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE984CFC6B9FADFB77FD2C0FBD.taxon	description	Description. D XI, 31 – 34 (31); A II, 9; P 1 18 – 19; P 2 I, 5; C 9 + 5; GR 7 + 1 + 7 – 9; vertebrae 25. The counts and measurements for two specimens are given in Tables 2 and 3. Largest examined specimen was 515.0 mm SL. Overall view of the body is shown in Figure 2. Body compressed. Head small; eye large, its diameter shorter than snout length, preorbital length longer than postorbital region. Two pair of nostrils, anterior nostrils circular, posterior nostrils an elongated ellipse; posterior nostrils larger than anterior nostrils. Mouth large; lower jaw located in front of upper jaw; posterior margin of upper jaw slightly extending to posterior margin of eye diameter; posterior margin of maxillary slightly angular. Both jaws with teeth; tips of teeth hook-like, curving toward inner oral cavity; anterior of upper jaw with 2 – 3 rows of teeth, and posterior of jaw with one row; anterior of lower jaw with 2 rows of teeth, and posterior with one row; inner teeth larger than outer teeth; teeth on vomer or palatines absent. Dorsal margin of snout forming slightly convex ridge. Interorbital region slightly concave. No sensory pores around eyes or jaws. Gill opening large; margin of the preopercle with a spine covered by thin membrane; upper margin of opercle with two spines covered by thin membrane. Gill rakers of first gill arch short, dentate, sparse; 7 on upper limb, 8 – 10 on lower limb. Isthmus located vertically below posterior margin of eye. Dorsal fin composed of 11 spines and 31 – 34 rays. Origin of dorsal fin located above and behind gill opening, with its posterior base extending in front of caudal peduncle. Origin of anal fin located below 21 st to 23 rd dorsal-fin soft rays, its posterior tip not extending beyond the posterior margin of dorsal fin. Anal-fin base short; soft rays longer than spines. Pectoral fin slightly short, its origin located vertically below origin of dorsal fin; tip of pectoral fin not extending to tip of pelvic fin. Origin of pelvic fin located directly below or slightly behind origin of pectoral fin; tip of pelvic fin extending to directly below or slightly behind tip of pectoral fin. Caudal peduncle length longer than its depth. Caudal fin emarginate, fin shorter than the head length. Body covered with scales, except for jaws; scales on base of caudal fin. Lateral line from upper region of gill opening to margin of caudal fin, lateral line pored scales from upper region of gill opening to base of caudal fin. Colouration of holotype when fixed: body overall silver; dorsal region bluish-brown; dorsal-fin base darkish; ventral surface, head, cheek, operculum, below lower jaw, preorbital and suborbital region silver; snout tip dark drown; inside of the mouth and gill cover yellow to pinkish-yellow; around anterior nostrils blackish; dark-brown pattern behind the base of pectoral fin; membrane of dorsal fin light brown; anal, pectoral and pelvic fins pale yellow; margin of caudal fin yellow, centrally dark brown. Geographic distribution. Endemic to south-eastern coast of Australia.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE984CFC6B9FADFB77FD2C0FBD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Günther (1867) described Otolithus atelodus based on a single specimen from Australia, preserved in the National History Museum, London, UK (BMNH 1866.6.19.9). Original description included some meristic characteristics (dorsal fin rays X + I, 31; anal fin rays II, 9), but little additional information. Macleay (1881) reported O. teraglin (common name “ Teraglin ”) from Australia, and noted the presence of 70 lateral line pored scales, based on the holotype in the Australian Museum (AMS I. 9773). Trewavas (1977) considered that these two species were synonymous with Atractoscion aequidens. However, our results show that A. aequidens can be distinguished from the other Atractoscion species based on meristic and morphometric data. A. atelodus is clearly distinguished from A. aequidens and A. nobilis in having more dorsal-fin soft rays (31 – 34) than A. aequidens (26 – 29) and A. nobilis (21 – 22). O. teraglin was reported to have 70 lateral line pored scales (Macleay 1881). A. atelodus has 70 – 73 pored lateral line scales. In addition, our molecular data demonstrates that specimens identified as A. atelodus from Australia belong to a distinct taxon. A. atelodus is further distinguished from A. aequidens in its distribution (Australia for the former, and South Africa for the latter; Henriques et al. 2014). The 506 bp sequences of mtDNA COI from A. atelodus specimens from Australia differed considerably (5.1 – 5.3 %) in Kimura’s genetic distances from those from A. aequidens specimens from South Africa (Fig. 3, Table 4). Therefore, we conclude that A. atelodus (Günther 1867) should be resurrected.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE984BFC669FADFD95FAAA0F08.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SAIAB 187117 – 2, 284.0 mm SL, Tombua Beach, Angola (15.7795 ° S, 11.8703 ° E), caught by hook and line 20 May 2009, collected by Rominha Henriques and Jerraleigh Kruger. Paratypes. 3 specimens. SAIAB 187117 – 1 (290.0 mm SL), 187117 – 6 (270.0 mm SL), 187117 – 7 (258.0 mm SL), Tombua Beach, Angola (15.7795 ° S, 11.8703 ° E), caught by hook and line 20 May 2009, collected by Rominha Henriques and Jerraleigh Kruger.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE984BFC669FADFD95FAAA0F08.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal fin soft rays, 27 – 28 (28); pored lateral line pored scales, 71 – 74 (73); pectoral fin length 18.0 – 19.5 % of SL; caudal fin emarginate; distributed in south-western Africa, including Angola and Namibia.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE984BFC669FADFD95FAAA0F08.taxon	description	Description. D. X, 27 – 28 (28); A. II. 9; P 1. 17; P 2. I, 5; C. 9 + 5; LLp. 71 – 74 (73); Vertebrae 24; GR. 5 + 1 + 7 – 8. The counts and measurements for four specimens are given in Tables 2 and 3. Largest examined specimen was 290.0 mm SL. Overall view of body is shown in Figure 2. Body slightly compressed, large, its depth moderate, and slightly tapering towards tail; head large, its depth low; eye large and circular; interorbital region depressed, slightly concave. Two pairs of nostrils on anterior side of eyes; anterior nostrils circular, posterior nostrils an elongated ellipse, anterior nostril smaller than posterior. Snout slightly pointed; mouth terminal, large and strongly oblique; posterior margin of upper jaw extending behind margin of eye; all teeth of upper and lower jaws depressible, cardiform or pluriserial, and well-developed; teeth in outer row larger than those in inner row in upper jaw; teeth on lower jaw equal; teeth on vomer or palatines absent. Barbels and sensory pores on lower jaw absent. Operculum board, large; opercle with two spines on margin. Gill rakers of first gill arch short, blunt, dentate; 5 on upper limb and 8 – 9 on lower limb. Origin of dorsal fin above hind pectoral fin; dorsal fin with X slender spiny rays, followed by a deep notch and 27 – 28 soft rays, spines higher than soft rays. End of dorsal-fin base located beyond posterior base of anal-fin. Pectoral fin small with pointed tip extending below the 7 th to 8 th dorsal fin spine. Origin of pelvic-fin slightly behind origin of pectoral fin, fin with an axillary scale. Origin of anal-fin located below and between dorsal-fin soft rays 19 – 20. Lateral line starting from above gill opening and extending to margin of caudal fin, and comprising 71 – 74 (mode 73) relatively large pored scales. Caudal fin concave in mid region; upper lobe longer than lower lobe. Anus located closer to origin of anal fin than to pelvic fin. Body covered with scales except for preorbital region; overall body covered with small ctenoid (rough) scales, head with cycloid (smooth) scales. Swim bladder well developed with thick wall; carrotshaped, with a pair of horn-like anterior appendages; not entering head. Sagittal otoliths thick, large with a tadpoleshaped impression; sulcus head broad, tail short, J-shaped. Colouration when fixed: body overall light brown; dorsal region dark brown; ventral part of body light brown; snout tip dark drown; around anterior nostrils blackish; dorsal and caudal fin margins blackish; pectoral fin filament dark yellowish, pectoral fin base dark; behind base of pectoral fin intangible dark brown pattern; membrane of dorsal fin light brown; anal fin, pelvic fins pale yellow; margin of caudal fin yellow, its central region dark brown. Geographic distribution. Angola to Namibia, west – southern Africa. TABLE 2. Comparison of meristic and morphometric characters among congeneric species in genus Atractoscion (in current). Atractoscion aequidens Atractoscion nobilis Atractoscion atelodus Atractoscion macrolepis sp. nov. Atractoscion microlepis sp. nov. 1 Dorsal fin rays Counts n 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 Atractoscion aequidens (South 2 1 1 Africa) * Otolithus aequidens 1 (South 1 1 Africa) Atractoscion nobilis (California) 3 2 1 Atractoscion atelodus (Australia) 5 4 1 ** Otolithus teraglin 2 (Australia) 1 1 Atractoscion macrolepis sp. nov. 4 1 3 (Angola) Atractoscion microlepis sp. nov. 16 9 6 (1) 3 (Oman) continued. continued. Lateral line pored scales Counts n 7 0 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 7 9 8 0 8 1 8 2 Atractoscion aequidens (South Africa) 2 2 Atractoscion atelodus (Australia) 4 1 1 1 * Otolithus teraglin 2 (Australia) 1 1 Atractoscion macrolepis sp. nov. 4 1 1 1 1 (Angola) Atractoscion microlepis sp. nov. 1 5 1 2 5 2 2 1 2 (Oman) Parenthese indicate sampling location. One asterisk was original description of A. aequidens and two asterisk is synonymized with A. atelodus. 1 Cuvier (1830), 2 Macleay (1880), 3 Jawad et al. (2012).	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE984BFC669FADFD95FAAA0F08.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, macrolepis, refers to the large scales. Comparisons. The new species A. macrolepis sp. nov. can be distinguished from A. aequidens by the following combination of characters: the mode number of lateral line pored scales (73 for A. macrolepis sp. nov.; 76 for A. aequidens), its distribution (Angola and Namibia for A. macrolepis sp. nov.; South Africa for A. aequidens) (Figs 1 – 2, Table 3). Based on molecular markers, Henriques et al. (2014) reported that A. aequidens from southern Africa comprises two populations (South Africa and Angola / Namibia), and also noted differences in meristic characters including the mode number of pored lateral line scales: 72 for the northern clade (AaA) of A. aequidens in Angola, and 75 for the southern clade (AaSA) in South Africa (Henriques et al. 2016). These meristic counts correspond closely to those of A. macrolepis sp. nov. in the present study. The neighbour joining tree based on mtDNA COI sequences identified four clades. Among these, the K 2 P distances clearly distinguished A. macrolepis sp. nov. from A. aequidens (3.7 – 4.4 %) (Table 4). These results are consistent with the molecular data of Henriques et al. (2014). A. macrolepis sp. nov. also differs from A. aequidens in terms of the pectoral-fin length as a percentage of the SL (18.0 – 19.5 % for A. macrolepis sp. nov. and 12.4 – 16.9 % for A. aequidens) (Table 2).	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE9846FC659FADFE46FA8F0A9F.taxon	description	Atractosion aequidens (not of Cuvier, 1830): Jaward et al., 2012: 13, OMMSFC 1087, 671.0 mm SL, caught by fisherman using a deep gill net off the city of Salalah, Southern Oman, Arabian Sea, 7 June 2011.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE9846FC659FADFE46FA8F0A9F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. PKU 9315, 280.0 mm SL, Gulf of Oman, caught by local fishermen, July 2013. Paratypes. PKU 9312 – 9314, 9316, 279.4 – 355.0 mm SL, Gulf of Oman, caught by local fishermen, July 2013; PKU 10774 – 10783, 269.0 – 340.0 mm SL, Gulf of Oman, caught by local fishermen, July 2014.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE9846FC659FADFE46FA8F0A9F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal fin soft rays, 25 – 26 (26); pored lateral line pored scales, 76 – 82 (78); body depth 20.0 – 27.3 % of SL; head depth 17.7 – 20.1 % of SL; teeth cardiform or pluriserial; margin of caudal fin emarginate; swim bladder with an anterior pair of horn-like appendages; distributed in Omani region of Arabian Sea.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE9846FC659FADFE46FA8F0A9F.taxon	description	Description. D. X – XI, 25 – 26 (26); A. II. 9; P 1. 18; P 2. I, 5; C. 9 + 5; LLp. 76 – 82 (78); Vertebrae 24 – 25; GR. 5 + 1 + 8. The counts and measurements for 15 specimens are given in Tables 2 and 3. Largest examined specimen was 355.0 mm SL. Overall view of body is shown in Figure 2. Body large, moderately compressed, relatively deep and tapering slightly toward tail; head large; eye large, interorbital region depressed. Two pairs of nostrils anterior to eyes; anterior nostrils circular, posterior nostrils an elongated ellipse; anterior nostril smaller than posterior. Snout acutely pointed; mouth large, terminal, strongly oblique; upper jaw shorter than lower jaw; upper jaw extending backward below posterior margin of eye, or a little behind; teeth on both jaws depressible and well-developed, without large canine-like teeth; 3 – 4 irregular rows of cardiform or pluriserial teeth; outer teeth larger than inner on upper jaw, equal in size on lower jaw; teeth on vomer and palatines absent. Barbels and sensory pores on lower jaw absent. Operculum large, broad; margin of opercle with two spines covered by membrane. Gill rakers short, dentate, 5 on upper limb, 8 – 9 on lower limb of first gill arch. Origin of dorsal fin above behind origin of pectoral fin; dorsal fin with X – XI slender spiny-rayed regions, followed by deep notch, and 25 – 26 soft rays, spines higher than soft rays. Posterior of dorsal-fin base posterior to base of anal fin. Pectoral fin small, pointed, its tip extending below 7 th – 8 th dorsal-fin spine. Origin of pelvic fin slightly behind origin of pectoral fin, fin with an axillary scale. Origin of anal fin below and between 18 th and 19 th dorsal-fin soft rays. Caudal fin emarginate to lunate, upper lobe longer than lower. Lateral line from above operculum to margin of caudal fin; lateral line pored scales very small, 76 – 82 (mode 78). Anus closer to origin of anal fin than to origin of pelvic fin. Body covered with scales except for preorbital region; body scales small, ctenoid (rough), head scales cycloid (smooth). Swim bladder well developed with thick wall; carrot-shaped with an anterior pair of horn-like appendages, not entering head. Sagittal otoliths thick, large with a tadpole-shaped impression; sulcus head of otolith broad, tail short, J-shaped. Colouration when fresh: dorsal surface of body dark grey; head silvery-white; head from orbital region to nape blackish; upper and lower jaw tips blackish; margin of maxilla pale dark; around eyes dark red and / or brown; dorsal and pelvic fins mostly clear or hyaline; dorsal-fin soft rays and anal fin pale yellow, its bases light red; pectoral-fin base spot dark brown; caudal fin dark yellow with blackish its margin. Colouration when fixed: dorsal surface of body dark brown, ventral surface silvery-white; snout tip blackish; around nostrils dark; dorsal and caudal fin margins blackish; pectoral-fin filament pale, its base dark brown; lateral line scales white. Geographic distribution. Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea.	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE9846FC659FADFE46FA8F0A9F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, microlepis, refers to the small scales. Comparisons. The 15 specimens were very similar to two congeneric species, but in some characteristics were clearly differentiated. Morphologically, A. microlepis sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from A. aequidens by the mode number of lateral line pored scales (78 for A. microlepis sp. nov., 76 for A. aequidens) and from A. nobilis by the number of dorsal-fin soft rays (25 – 26 for A. microlepis sp. nov., 20 – 23 for A. nobilis) (Figs 1 – 2, Table 3). A. microlepis sp. nov. differs from A. aequidens and A. nobilis in the body depth as a percentage of the SL (20.0 – 27.3 % for A. microlepis sp. nov., 19.4 – 22.4 % for A. aequidens, 23.8 – 26.1 % for A. nobilis), the head depth as a percentage of the SL (17.7 – 20.1 %, 15.7 – 17.5 % and 18.6 – 18.9 %, respectively), the pectoral-fin length as a percentage of the SL (14.9 – 17.4 %, 12.4 – 15.5 % and 19.9 – 21.5 %, respectively), and the snout length as a percentage of the head length (23.9 – 28.7 %, 25.1 – 30.1 % and 18.1 – 22.5 %, respectively) (Table 2). The original description of A. aequidens gave no description of the lateral line pored scales (Cuvier 1830). Sasaki (1996) provided a simple record of A. aequidens from the Gulf of Aden. According to Jawad et al. (2012), the first record of A. aequidens from Oman was based on a single specimen. Reference to the study of Jawad et al. (2012) shows that there are no meristic or quantitative morphological differences between A. microlepis sp. nov. and A. aequidens, and in the present study they are considered to be the same species. To clarify the taxonomic status of A. microlepis sp. nov. we compared 506 bp sequences of mtDNA COI from A. microlepis sp. nov. with those of other Atractoscion species. The neighbour joining tree showed that, based on K 2 P distances, the specimens of A. microlepis sp. nov. differed from A. aequidens by 4.8 – 5.0 %, and from A. nobilis by 8.6 – 11.2 % (Fig. 3, Table 4). (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Atractoscion aequidens (1) South Africa	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
3B2587CE9846FC659FADFE46FA8F0A9F.taxon	description	Atractoscion nobilis (2) California 0.089 Atractoscion atelodus (3) Australia 0.052 0.101 Atractoscion macrolepis Angola and Namibia 0.044 0.086 0.056 sp. nov. (4) Atractoscion microlepis Oman 0.048 0.110 0.036 0.061 sp. nov. (5) Miichthys miiuy (6) – 0.161 0.159 0.151 0.163 0.158 Larimichthys polyactis (7) – 0.229 0.222 0.239 0.221 0.238 0.211	en	Song, Young Sun, Kim, Jin-Koo, Kang, Jung-Ha, Kim, Seong Yong (2017): Two new species of the genus Atractoscion, and resurrection of the species Atractoscion atelodus (Günther 1867) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Zootaxa 4306 (2): 223-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4306.2.3
