identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3B23EE16CE3DFF84D2979C51B3AFF862.text	3B23EE16CE3DFF84D2979C51B3AFF862.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conchopus Takagi 1965	<div><p>Conchopus Takagi, 1965: 49 .</p><p>(Type species: Conchopus rectus Takagi, 1965, by original designation)</p><p>Diagnosis. The following diagnosis is for the rectus group. Small- to medium-sized dolichopodid flies (2.0– 5.5 mm). Body black in ground color, tinged with green. Mesonotum with inverted Y-shaped black marking on dense gray-white pollinose ground. Proboscis shorter than eye height. Conspicuous black and white markings on male mesoscutum. Thoracic pleura with setulae just in front of posterior spiracle. Wing venation not very modified in both sexes, middle section of vein M1+2 thickened in male except in C. acrosticalis, C. ciliatus sp. nov., and C. rectus . Fore femur with small subapical tubercle on ventral surface, and fore tarsomere 2 with some long anterodorsal setae in male.</p><p>Re-description. Head: Vertex not concave; occiput convex; ocellar tubercle distinct with 2 strong ocellar bristles and 2 minute postocellar setae. Frons with 2 strong frontal bristles. Face wider in females than in males. Face and clypeus divided by frontoclypeal suture. Face, clypeus, and palpus densely covered by grayish pollinosity in male. Apical epipharyngeal sclerite divided into two plates. Postocular ciliation black, erect, thick, and long. Gena absent. Palpus long, 2 times as long as wide, touching ventral margin of eye, and with many non-erect setae. Postgena with many long fine setae. Proboscis short, about 0.4–0.6 times as long as eye height. Eyes widely dichoptic, covered with minute white pubescence. Antenna: scape bare; pedicel with short setae subapically; 1st flagellomere tapered apically, 1.5–2.0 times as long as wide, with several short setulae; arista apical without any ornament. Thorax: Mesonotum with dense white pollinosity and mesoscutum marked with inverted Y-shaped, dull black pollinose marking with pair of long and narrow prongs in male; mesonotum somber in female. Thoracic bristles black. Chaetotaxy: acrostichals minute, biserial anteriorly and uniserial posteriorly, 6 dorsocentrals, several proepisternals, 1 each of humeral, posthumeral, prosutural, sutural, postsutural, supra-alar, and post-alar bristles, 2 (rarely 1) notopleurals. One to 5 setae in front of posterior spiracle. Scutellum with pair of strong inner marginal bristles and 2 short outer bristles (outer pair rarely absent). Mesopleurals usually present. Legs: Coxae concolorous with pleura; fore coxa with many setae on anterior apical margin; middle and hind coxae with prominent outer bristle. Male fore femur with small subapical tubercle on posteroventral surface. Fore tarsomere 1 much modified in male, with weak ventral tubercle bearing l–2 setulae between apical swelling and basal lobe. Fore tarsomere 2 with some long setae. Hind tibia with short apical process in male. Wing: None or very slight secondary sexual characters apparent in wing shape, venation, and markings, except M1+2 thickened in middle portion in males of some species. Abdomen: First tergum with long marginal setae. In male, sternum 4 with pair of strong bristles in center; sternum 5 with pair of strong, flat bristles on each posterior corner, and with pair of clusters of several spine-like bristles; and 6th sternum with midventral process posteriorly (called the pedunculate process in Takagi (1965)). In female, abdominal segments 6 and 7 telescoped, polished, and bearing pair of posterolateral setae on each tergum and sternum. Hypopygium oval, directed forward beneath tip of abdomen. Cercus elongate with many long setae, ventral lobe with several long setae at tip, hypandrium robust with bristle. Female terminalia with cercus strongly sclerotized; abdominal tergum 10 divided medially into 2 sclerites, each bearing 4 curved setae (acanthophorites); paraproct well developed and lobate, strongly sclerotized.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Is., Japan, China, and Taiwan. There is an introduced species, Conchopus borealis Takagi, in North America (Masunaga et al. 1999) and in South America (Brooks &amp; Cumming 2009).</p><p>Remarks. As discussed in the Introduction, Conchopus is herein restricted to the rectus -group of Conchopus Takagi s. lat. Conchopus s. str . is closely similar to the species of Conchopus exclusive of the rectus group in general appearance, but differs from them by the posterosubapical process of the male fore femur, the presence of setae on the thoracic pleura in front of the posterior spiracle, the lack of an auriform process on sternum 5, the short proboscis, the almost identical wing in both sexes, and the long setae on the fore tibia. The first character is considered to be the most prominent autapomorphy of this genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B23EE16CE3DFF84D2979C51B3AFF862	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Masunaga, Kazuhiro;Saigusa, Toyohei	Masunaga, Kazuhiro, Saigusa, Toyohei (2010): A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 2729: 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200114
3B23EE16CE3CFF85D297996BB269F83C.text	3B23EE16CE3CFF85D297996BB269F83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conchopus acrosticalis (Parent 1937) Parent 1937	<div><p>Conchopus acrosticalis (Parent, 1937)</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2, 3, 18 a)</p><p>Cymatopus acrosticalis Parent, 1937: 69 . Williams, 1939: 314; McKay, 1945: 206; Hardy, 1952: 454; Dyte, 1959: 140; Sunose &amp; Satô, 1994: 655.</p><p>Paraphyrosylus acrosticalis (Parent): Hardy &amp; Kohn, 1964: 251.</p><p>Conchopus acrosticalis (Parent): Takagi, 1965: 52; Masunaga et al., 2005: 439.</p><p>Thambemyia acrosticalis (Parent): Meuffels &amp; Grootaert, 1984: 152; Bickel &amp; Dyte, 1989: 406; Nishida, 1992: 98, 1994: 92, 1997: 78, 2002: 95; Yang et al., 2006: 255.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small-sized species (2.9–3.2 mm in body length) characterized by 1st flagellomere twice as long as thickness; halter yellow. In male, M1+2 not thickened, apical section of M3+4 2.4 times as long as discal crossvein; fore tarsomere 1 with small basal lobe 1/3 as long as tarsomere 1, rather weak ventral bristle at midlength, and weak apical swelling; longer dorsal bristle of fore tarsomere 2 at middle; mid tibia flattened, and with long erect bristles and setae on anterior and posterior surfaces; mid tarsomere 1 short setose; ventral lobe of hypopygium very broad on apical 1/2 and slightly longer than cercus.</p><p>Material examined (BPBM, LBM, BLKU): Hawai’i: 1ɗ, Hilo, 23.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 4ɗ, Karapana Pk., 24.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 4ɗ4Ψ, Wailoku, wet rocks, 30.v.1970, J.H. Tenorio leg.; 15ɗ, Honaunau, 14.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Maui: 2ɗ, Lahaina, 24.ix.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 28ɗ2Ψ, Kahana, 11.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. L ā na‘i: 60ɗ, Kaiolohia Bay, 16.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 9ɗ, Hulopoe Beach, 16.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 13ɗ15Ψ, Hulopoe Beach, 17.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 147ɗ120Ψ, Kaiolohia Bay, 17.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Moloka‘i: 10ɗ5Ψ, Waialua, 4.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Hawai‘i, Maui, Läna‘i, Moloka‘i).</p><p>Remarks. This species is most closely related to Conchopus ciliatus sp. nov. in having simple M1+2 and M 1 in both sexes, and the male of the latter has the following combination of characters different from those of C. acrosticalis: thicker pollinosity of mesonotum; basal lobe of fore tarsomere 1 larger and with many shorter marginal setulae; ventral lobe of hypopygium much shorter than cercus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B23EE16CE3CFF85D297996BB269F83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Masunaga, Kazuhiro;Saigusa, Toyohei	Masunaga, Kazuhiro, Saigusa, Toyohei (2010): A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 2729: 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200114
3B23EE16CE3CFF85D2979DD9B4C6FC3B.text	3B23EE16CE3CFF85D2979DD9B4C6FC3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conchopus rectus	<div><p>Key to species of the rectus group of Conchopus Takagi (males)</p><p>1. Middle section of M1+2 not thickened (Figs. 18 a,b)........................................................... 2</p><p>- Middle section of M1+2 thickened (Figs. 18 c–f)............................................................. 4</p><p>2. Middle tarsomere 1without remarkably long anterior fine setae (Fig. 19 a)......................................... 3</p><p>- Middle tarsomere 1with remarkably long fine anterior setae (Japan, China).............................. rectus Takagi</p><p>3. Basal lobe of fore tarsomere 1 with 3–4 rather long marginal setulae (Figs. 1 a,b); ventral lobe as long as cercus, distinctly extended ventrally beyond tip of cercus (Fig. 3 a) (Hawai‘i, Maui, Lāna‘i, Moloka‘i)................ acrosticalis (Parent)</p><p>- Basal lobe of fore tarsomere 1 with 4–5 rather short marginal setulae (Figs. 4 a,b); ventral lobe shorter than 2/3 length of cercus (Figs. 6 a,b) (Hawai‘i, Maui, O‘ahu, Lisianski).................................................. ciliatus sp. nov.</p><p>4. Middle tibia and tarsomere 1 with remarkably long anterior setae (Fig. 19 b)...................................... 5</p><p>- Middle tibia and tarsomere 1 without remarkably long anterior setae............................................ 6</p><p>5. Ventral bristle of fore tarsomere 1 weak (Figs. 7 a,b) (Kaua‘i)................................... crassinervis sp. nov.</p><p>- Ventral bristle of fore tarsomere 1 strong (Japan, N. America, Peru)............................ borealis Takagi, 1965</p><p>6. Fore tarsomere 1 without strong ventral bristle (Japan)..................................... sikokianus Takagi, 1965</p><p>- Fore tarsomere 1 with strong ventral bristle................................................................ 7</p><p>7. Ventral bristle of fore tarsomere 1situated 1/3 of way from base (Figs. 13 a,b) (Kaua‘i, Nihoa).......... menehune sp. nov.</p><p>- Ventral bristle of fore tarsomere 1 situated halfway from base................................................. 8</p><p>8. Fore tarsomere 1 with raised keel ciliated with 2–4 setulae between basal lobe and ventral bristle (Figs. 15 a,b) (Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Kaua‘i, Wake)................................................................... .. pacificus sp. nov.</p><p>- Fore tarsomere 1 without raised keel between basal lobe and ventral bristle (Figs. 10 a,b)............................ 9</p><p>9. Discal crossvein strongly oblique (Fig. 18 d) (Hawai‘i, Maui, Lāna‘i, Moloka‘i, O‘ahu, French Frigate Shoals)................................................................................................... minutus sp. nov.</p><p>- Discal crossvein slightly oblique........................................................................ 10</p><p>10. First flagellomere 1.5 times as long as wide, fore tarsomere 2 with two or more erect anterodorsal bristles (Japan, Taiwan).................................................................................... taivanensis Takagi, 1967</p><p>- First flagellomere 2.0 times as long as wide, fore tarsomere 2 with one erect anterodorsal bristle (Japan)...................................................................................................... pudicus Takagi, 1965</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B23EE16CE3CFF85D2979DD9B4C6FC3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Masunaga, Kazuhiro;Saigusa, Toyohei	Masunaga, Kazuhiro, Saigusa, Toyohei (2010): A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 2729: 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200114
3B23EE16CE38FF8AD2979DD9B55BFA65.text	3B23EE16CE38FF8AD2979DD9B55BFA65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conchopus ciliatus	<div><p>Conchopus ciliatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 4, 5, 6, 18 b, 19a)</p><p>Diagnosis. Small-sized species (2.7–3.3 mm in body length) characterized by 1st flagellomere twice as long as its basal thickness; halter yellow. In male, M1+2 not thickened, apical section of M3+4 2.4 times as long as discal crossvein; fore tarsomere 1with large basal lobe 2/5 as long as tarsomere 1, weak ventral bristle beyond midlength, and moderately large apical swelling; longer dorsal bristle of fore tarsomere 2 slightly before middle; mid tibia flattened, and with long erect bristles and setae on anterior and posterior surfaces; mid tarsomere 1 short setose; ventral lobe of hypopygium narrow on apical 1/2 and shorter than cercus.</p><p>Description. Male: Body length 3.0– 3.1 mm; wing length 2.9–3.4 mm. Head: l.7–l.9 times as deep as long; frons and vertex dark brown pollinose, frons becoming grayish ventrally; occiput dark brown to blackish brown pollinose on upper half, dark gray to grayish pollinose on ventral half, with greenish coloration of occipital integument slightly apparent; face and palpus ash-gray to silvery-gray pollinose; face at narrowest part 0.17–0.18 times as wide as head, only slightly widening dorsally, widest ventral part 1.7–2.0 times as wide as narrowest part. Proboscis 0.5 times as long as eye height. Labrum brown on base, becoming grayish towards tip. Antenna blackish brown, 0.6 times as long as head; 1st flagellomere elongate, 1.3–1.5 times as long as 2 basal segments together, 2.1 times as long as thick, with dorsal margin gently constricted apically, ventral margin constricted beyond basal 2/3. Arista 1.5 times as long as 3 antennal segments combined. Thorax: Mesonotum with dense pollen; humerus ashgray to white; inverted Y-shaped mark deep brownish black to black, with borders rather sharply defined; white area fairly densely pollinose, but sometimes with slight bluish tinge in area surrounding 2nd dc, upper presutural bristle, and sutural bristle; 1st dc usually on white area, sometimes on weak dark incision from stem of Y-shaped mark, 2nd dc on border; presutural dark prolongation narrow, brown, and very obscure, not reaching to base of lower presutural bristle, more or less narrowing anteriorly, much constricted between 4th and 5th dc, then produced into acrostichal projection, this sometimes reaching to level of 3rd dc; 5th and 6th dc on border, 4th dc on blackish area; dark incision of prescutellar white area elongate-triangular, sometimes constricted near its base, then generally tapering forward and continuing to white acrostichal projection; width of dark incision at level of 6th dc equal to that of lateral white area; postalar callus brown pollinose; scutellum thinly ash-gray pollinose, showing greenish tinge of integument, but pollinosity the most whitish of any the Hawaiian species. Pleura covered with fairly dense coating of ash-gray pollen. Chaetotaxy: acrostichals 13–22, irregularly biserial in front of 1st dc, uniserial behind it, and ending between 3rd and 5th dc (usually just in front of 4th dc), l–4 posterior acrostichals usually proclinate, others reclinate. Propleurals 3–5 (mostly 4); mesopleurals 5–9, arranged in vertical row (rarely arranged partially in zigzag line) close to upper portion of posterior margin of anepisternum with l–2 uppermost setulae usually stronger than others, and lowermost setulae situated below (rarely, at) ventral extremity of basalare; metapleurals l–2. Scutellum with pair of strong inner marginal bristles and pair of weak outer marginal bristles. Legs: Coxae and femora covered with fairly dense coating of ash gray pollen, femora showing slight greenish tinge when seen from some directions. Tibiae and tarsi blackish brown, with thin coating of gray pollen. Foreleg (Figs. 4 a,b): Coxa on anterior surface enclosed with short setulae irregularly arranged in 2–3 rows on inner half, outer anterior row reduced to 1–2 strong subbasal setae and 0–2 setae on apical half, and row of rather weak marginal bristles. Femur 4.3–4.6 times as long as thick, fairly densely clothed beneath with setae (0.5 times as long as thickness of fore femur), and with row of posteroventral bristles, these being long even on apical half of femur; posteroventral preapical tubercle situated at 0.2–0.3 of way to tip of femur. Tibia slightly curved dorsally towards tip, preapical part weakly swollen, l.8 times as thick as narrowest part; Tibia with a few antero- and posterodorsal bristles somewhat different from ordinary setae, upper anterodorsal setae being distinctly lengthened and thick on apical and anteroventral setae being differentiated into erect long bristles (longest l.5–1.7 times as long as thickness of fore tibia) on apical half, but posteroventral setae being short and weaker than anteroventrals. Tarsus short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as tibia. Tarsomere 1 short, with dorsal margin weakly bent ventrally at middle; basal lobe well developed, nearly straight on basal margin, gently rounded from ventral margin to posterior margin, 0.7–0.8 times as thick as long, 0.4 times as long as tarsomere 1, with 8–10 submarginal and 4–5 marginal setulae, these setulae short, and with only a few scattered minute setulae on posterior surface; very weak ventral tubercle between apical swelling and basal lobe, bearing l–2 setulae; a few strong setulae appearing between apical swelling and ventral tuber (thickness of tarsomere 1 at apical swelling, 0.6 times as thick as at basal lobe); anterior preapical cluster of setulae close to tip of tarsomere 1, but center of mass situated slightly basally of posterior preapical bristle. Second tarsomere with strong anterodorsal bristle 0.5–0.6 times as long as tarsomere 2 and situated 0.4–0.5 of way from base of this tarsomere, and usually with additional bristle 0.2–0.3 times as long as tarsomere 1 and situated 0.6 from base; 2–3 dorsal setae of tarsomere 2 longer than other setae. Tarsomeres 3–5 simple and slender. Midleg (Figs. 4 c, 19a): Coxa with strong discal bristle on outside, from which row of several weaker setae extends to anterodistal corner of coxa, this corner being densely clothed with strong bristles. Femur depressed dorsoventrally, almost straight in dorsal view, distinctly curved ventrally and tapering beyond midlength in profile; basal portion l.5 times as thick as apical portion; ventral surface flattened and broad; anterosubventral row of setae irregularly doubled on basal half; anteroventral row of setae much reduced, represented by 3–4 weak erect bristles (most apical one strongest, nearly 0.5 times as long as thickness of middle femur) on basal l/3, and 0–3 weak setae on preapical part; posteroventral row of setae well developed, differentiated into row of 8–12 (usually 9) strong, erect bristles, these being rather evenly distributed and short on basal part, longest on middle third (longest bristles nearly as long as thickness of middle femur), and gradually shortening apically, ending in l–2 inclined preapical bristles; femur also with 4–6 strong anterior bristles on apical l/3–2/5, and subventral bristle on each side. Tibia straight, compressed dorsoventrally, l.4–1.5 times as thick as width at middle, but almost cylindrical preapically. Chaetotaxy of tibia: Upper anterodorsal row of normally short setae; anterodorsal row of 4–7 strong suberect bristles (longest one l.8–2.5 times as long as width of tibia); lower anterodorsal row of normally short setae; anterior row consisting of short setae and 5–9 (usually 6–7) long, fine hairs (longest one 2.5–3.0 times as long as width of middle tibia) on apical 3/5–4/5; anteroventral row of short setae and 10–14 (usually 10) long, fine hairs (longest one 2.8–3.4 times as long as width of middle tibia) all of these either erect or weakly directed basally; posteroventral row of short setae and 8–10 long fine setae (longest one 2.6–3.0 times as long as width of middle tibia) on apical 1/2; apically suberect posterior row consisting basally of setae but with 4–6 strong, spine-like, suberect bristles (longest one 2.5–3.0 times as long as width of middle tibia); upper and lower posterodorsal rows of short setae; posterodorsal row of 3 short bristles (1.0–1.5 times as long as width of middle tibia), of which basal one at 1/5 from base, middle one at 1/2 from base, apical one at 4/5 from base, apical one sometimes absent, additional one rarely present 1/7 of way from tip; tibia also with preapical circlet of a few setae and strong bristles (an upper anterodorsal seta 2.0 times as long as width of middle tibia, posterior or posteroventral seta 2.1–2.2 times as long as width of middle tibia, lower posterodorsal seta 1.4–l.5 times as long as width of middle tibia, upper posterodorsal seta 1.2– 1.3 times as long as width of middle tibia). Tarsus slender, tarsomere 1 with l–3 anteroventral short bristles (as long as thickness of tarsomere 2), preapical circlet of stiff setae, and very rarely 2 ventral and 1 posteroventral short bristles. Hindleg: Coxa with fine, long anterodistal seta and row of 3 outer bristles, of which basal one strongest. Femur almost straight along ventral margin, slightly curved posteriorly, thick for basal l/3, then gradually tapering apically (at basal 1/3 femur l.6–1.8 times as thick as at preapical portion), antero- and posteroventral rows of setae somewhat reduced, former consisting of about 10 setae (longest one 1/3 as long as thickness of hind femur) and latter of about 15 setae (longest one 2/5 as long as thickness of hind femur), these becoming shorter and sparser towards tip; row of several strong anterodorsal bristles on apical 1/3–2/5. Tibia slender and straight, with weak posteroventral preapical process, this being slightly longer than thickness of hind tibia and tip only slightly exceeding tip of tibia; 2 each (rarely 3) antero- and posterodorsal short bristles (basal ones at 1/4 of way from base, apical one slightly beyond middle); anteroventral setae inclined, slightly shorter than thickness of hind tibia, posteroventral setae curved and closely pressed against leg integument, and mixed with 4–5 short inclined bristles (as long as antero- and posterodorsal bristles); among preapical setae, anteroventral and lower anterodorsal bristles strong, the former being weakly curved. Tarsus slender and simple. Wing (Fig. 18 b): Entirely pale gray, with brownish tinge on basal l/3 of space C and basal cell l. Veins blackish brown, somewhat elongate, 3.0–3.1 times as long as wide, with costa weakly arched; basal parts of R2+3 and R4+5 slender, as thick as middle of Sc; R2+3 gently diverging from R4+5 towards level of discal crossvein, then almost parallel with R4+5 beyond it, evenly slender and not overlapped by wing membrane as in female; discal crossvein almost perpendicular to posterior margin of discal cell; ratio of M1 to apical section of M1+2 (from r-m crossvein to discal crossvein) 1.3–1.4; ratio of basal section of M3+4 (from fork of M3+4 and Cu to discal crossvein) to apical section of M3+4 1.9–2.7. Halter yellow. Bristles and hairs all black. Abdomen (Figs. 5 a-c): Abdominal terga covered with fairly dense coating of ash-gray pollen, showing slight greenish tinge when seen from some directions. Terga evenly clothed with short setae; hind marginal setae of anterior terga lengthened. First sternum widely and strongly emarginate anteriorly, fused with sternum 2 for middle 1/2 of hind margin; sternum 4 with pair of spine-like discal subventral bristles and with stiff long seta at each posterolateral corner. Sternum 5 with pair of subventral clusters of 1–2 spine-like bristles; subventral row of setae irregularly biserial and continued to 3–4 strong, almost straight hind marginal bristles. Sternum 6 as wide as long, narrowly expanding anterolaterally, with moderately large discal membranous area, and with pair of apodemal processes, these being long, somewhat slender to broad, and diverging from each other. Pedunculate process of sternum 6 long; its membranous club also long, 0.5 times as long as process itself, and in profile its anterior margin convex in basal half, posterior margin almost straight, distal margin oblique, weakly produced posterodistally; spinules of anterolateral surfaces prominent, those of anterior surface prominent and more or less roughly napped posterior surface densely but minutely spinulate. Hypopygium (Figs. 6 a-e): Cercus 1.3 times as long as height of epandrium capsule, slender and elongate, broadly and rather shallowly emarginate on inner margin, apical portion rather narrow, short, weakly produced outward into bluntly rounded tip. Ventral lobe shorter than 2/3 length of cercus, flattened rather laterally, narrow at base, much dilated apically, weakly produced anterodistally, well produced posterodistally into triangular process; distal margin ciliated with strong setulae, apical half of inner surface clothed with fine setulae. Hypandrium slightly longer than 2/3 length of cercus, with its anterior margin straight; anterior process long and curved posteriorly at apical 2/3, ending bluntly; posterior processes short, 0.5 times as long as anterior ones, in profile parallel-sided to preapical part, then strongly constricted to anterodorsal sharp point; posterior process without lamella dentation, but with weak lateral keel. Female: Similar to male, but face at narrowest part 0.25 times as long as head. Proboscis 0.65 times as long as eye height. Relative lengths of tarsomeres 1–5 39:23:13:9: 14 in foreleg; 57:30:16:10: 17 in midleg; 48:39:20:11: 18 in hindleg. Wing: apical section of M3+4 2.4 times as long as discal crossvein. Body length 2.7-3.3 mm; wing length 2.9-3.4 mm.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ɗ labeled: Black sands beach, Hawai‘i, 15.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. (BPBM). PARATYPES (BPBM, LBM, BLKU): Hawai ‘i: 4ɗ41Ψ, Hilo, 23.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 11ɗ63Ψ, Kalapana Pk., 24.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 1ɗ25Ψ, Kalapana Pk., 8.iv.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 107ɗ30Ψ, Leleiwi, 13.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 193ɗ120Ψ, Black sands beach, 15.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Maui: 4ɗ7Ψ, Lahaina, 24.ix.1966, T. Saigusa leg. O‘ahu: 6ɗ6Ψ, Waianae, 29.v.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 1Ψ, Wawamalu., Beach near, Koko Crater, 17.ii.1922, C. Grant leg.; 2Ψ, Makapu‘u Pt. 29.ix.1966, W.J. Voss leg.; 63ɗ76Ψ, Hanauma Bay, 20.xi.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 3Ψ, Hanauma Bay, 23.x.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 8ɗ5Ψ, Sandy beach park, 19.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 38ɗ20Ψ, Ulehawa beach park, 20.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Lisianski: 16ɗ17Ψ, 18.ix.1964. J.W. Beardsley leg.; 6ɗ3Ψ, 19.v.1923, N.E. corner, ulva, C. Grant leg.; 1Ψ, 17.v.1923, N.E. corner, beach, C. Grant leg.; 1Ψ, 18.v.1923, ulva on beach, C. Grant leg.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Hawai‘i, Maui, O‘ahu, Lisianski).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is an adjective derived from the Latin cilium (eyelash), referring to the presence of many setae on the male mid tibia.</p><p>Remarks. This new species is most closely related to Conchopus acrosticalis in having simple M1+2 and M 1 in both sexes, but the male of the latter has the following combination of characters different from those of the new species: sparse pollinosity of mesonotum; basal lobe of fore tarsomere 1 smaller and with 3–4 rather long marginal setulae; male ventral lobe as long as cercus, distinctly exceeding tip of cercus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B23EE16CE38FF8AD2979DD9B55BFA65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Masunaga, Kazuhiro;Saigusa, Toyohei	Masunaga, Kazuhiro, Saigusa, Toyohei (2010): A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 2729: 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200114
3B23EE16CE33FF94D2979890B258FE64.text	3B23EE16CE33FF94D2979890B258FE64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conchopus crassinervis	<div><p>Conchopus crassinervis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 7, 8, 9, 18 c, 19b)</p><p>Diagnosis. Small-sized species (3.0– 3.9 mm in body length) characterized by 1st flagellomere 1.5 times as long as its basal thickness; halter yellow. In male, M1+2 thickened, apical section of M3+4 2.6 times as long as discal crossvein; fore tarsomere 1 with large basal lobe 2/5 as long as tarsomere 1, strong incision distal to basal lobe, minute ventral bristle beyond midlength, and moderately large apical swelling; longer dorsal bristle of fore tarsomere 2 situated 1/3 from base; mid tibia flattened, with long erect bristles and setae on anterior surface and long erect bristles on posterior surface; mid tarsomere 1 with a few long erect setae on anterior surface; apical 1/2 of ventral lobe of hypopygium narrow and parallel-sided.</p><p>Description. Male: Body length 3.2–3.9 mm; wing length 3.2–3.5 mm. Head: l.8–1.9 times as deep as long; frons, vertex, and upper half of occiput blackish-brown pollinose; frons with pair of tiny white spots between frontorbital bristles; ventral half of occiput thinly covered with dark brown pollen not entirely concealing dark greenish color of cranium; face and palpus pale ash-gray pollinose; proboscis dark brown with thin coating of grayish pollen along ventral margin of labella; face at narrowest part 0.2 times as wide as head, gradually widening dorsally and ventrally, widest ventral part nearly l.5 times as wide as narrowest portion. Proboscis 0.5–0.6 times as long as eye height. Antenna blackish brown, 0.6 times as long as head; 1st flagellomere 0.9–1.1 times as long as 2 basal segments together, and 1.5–1.8 times as long as thick; arista l.6 times as long as 3 antennal segments combined. Thorax: Pleura gray to dark-gray pollinose; mesonotum marked with dense coating of pollen; humerus dense grayishbrown pollinose; inverted Y-shaped mark deep velvety black with borders sharply defined, whitish area densely pollinose and ground color of integument entirely concealed; 1st dc on white area, 2nd dc on border near base of branch of black marking; presutural dark prolongation distinct, beginning from sutural bristle and reaching to base of lower presutural; supraalar area deep blackish brown, hardly separable from velvety black marking; prescutellar white marking elongate-triangular, basal portion somewhat incised by brown area of posterior calli, 4th dc on blackish area, 5th dc and 6th dc on border; dark incision of prescutellar white area triangular, with its top (anterior extremity) reaching to level of 5th dc, this dark triangle being 5/7 as high as prescutellar white marking. Postalar callus and scutellum dark grayish-brown pollinose. Chaetotaxy: acrostichals 9–14 in number, irregularly biserial in front, uniserial behind, ending midway between 1st and 2nd dc and level of 5th dc, reclinate before 4th dc, bent posteriorly near 3rd and 4th dc, erect or proclinate near 5th dc. Propleurals 4–5, mesopleurals 4–6, arranged in row close to upper part of hind margin of anepisternum, upper- and lowermost setulae strong, l–2 lowermost ones usually isolated from others and distributed at level of ventral extremity of basalare; metapleurals l–2 (mostly l). Scutellum with inner pair of strong bristles and 0–2 outer weaker bristles. Legs: Coxae and femora gray to dark gray pollinose, greenish tinge of femora slightly apparent when viewed from some directions. Tibia and tarsi blackish brown (fore tarsomere 1 partially brownish) with thin coating of dark gray pollen. Foreleg (Figs. 7 a-b): Coxa clothed with irregular, tri- or quadriserial fine short setae on anterior surface, with another anterior row of weaker marginal bristles. Femur 4.8–4.9 times as long as thick, gradually tapered apically, clothed beneath with rather stiff bristles (slightly shorter than thickness of fore femur) towards base; preapical tubercle situated 0.3 from tip. Tibia slightly curved dorsally towards tip, preapical portion weakly swollen, about l.6 times as thick as narrowest part; 2 pairs of dorsal bristles sometimes distinct, anteroventral setae somewhat erect on apical 1/3, posteroventral setae weaker than anteroventral ones; anterior preapical mass of setulae fairly well developed. Tarsus short, 0.9 times as long as tibia. Tarsomere 1 short, almost straight along dorsal margin, incised in apical part of basal lobe; basal lobe well developed, nearly straight on basal margin, roundly constricted on ventral margin, 0.7–0.8 times as thick as long, 0.4 times as long as tarsomere 1, with 7–9 submarginal and 3–4 marginal setulae, these setulae rather short, also l–2 minute setulae on posterior surface of basal lobe; no strong ventral bristle on weakly raised ventral keel between apical swelling and basal lobe, this keel only ciliated with several weak setulae, subequal in length to each other; several stronger setulae appearing between apical swelling and this keel; apical swelling roundly produced distally (thickness at apical swelling 0.6–0.7 times that of basal lobe); anterior preapical cluster of setulae close to tip of tarsomere 1, but center of mass situated slightly basally from posterior preapical bristle. Tarsomere 2 with strong anterodorsal bristle 0.6 times as long as from base of tarsomere 1 and situated 0.4–0.5 of way from base of tarsomere 1, and with additional slightly shorter bristle at 0.5–0.6 of way from base. Tarsomeres 3 and 4 simple. Midleg (Figs. 7 c, 19b): Coxa with row of many bristles from center of outer surface to anterodistal corner, uppermost bristle very strong, bristles on anterodistal corner dense and scattered. Femur distinctly curved ventrally beyond middle, considerably depressed in apical half, with almost straight posterior margin and gently arched anterior margin; thickness of basal portion of femur l.6–2.0 times of that of preapical portion; anteroventral row of setae much reduced, represented by a few strong, erect, subbasal bristles (strongest one slightly shorter than thickness of middle femur and situated on basal l/4, l–2 shorter ones situated more basally than this) and 0–2 weak setae on apical l/4; posteroventral row of setae also reduced, represented by 2 subbasal bristles (more apical one stronger, slightly longer than thickness of middle part of femur and situated slightly more basally than strongest anteroventral bristle), l (rarely 2) middle bristles (as long as thickness of mid femur or slightly shorter), and 2–3 bristles on apical l/4; femur also with 3–4 anterior bristles on apical l/3 and subventral preapical bristle on each side. Tibia depressed dorsoventrally, in middle l.5 times as wide as thick, evenly but weakly sinuate posteriorly, slightly clavate preapically. Chaetotaxy of tibia: all long bristles and setae erect; row of upper anterodorsal setae normal, ending in normal seta; 4–5 anterodorsal bristles longer towards tip (longest one l.5 times as long as width of middle tibia); row of lower anterodorsal setae normal, ending in slightly longer seta; anterior row consisting of normal setae on basal l/2–2/5 and 5–6 fine, curved, long setae (3 times as long as width of middle tibia); anteroventral row consisting of normal setae basally but more or less erect, stiff setae on apical 4/5, and ending in strong bristle (1.5 times as long as width of middle tibia); posteroventral row of normal setae on basal half and more or less erect sparse setae on apical half and ending in strong bristle (1.5 times as long as width of middle tibia); posterior row consisting of normal setae on basal 1/3, 6–7 strong bristles on apical 2/3 (longer towards tip, longest one l.7–1.8 times as long as width of middle tibia, usually with l–2 setae between bristles), and ending in strong preapical bristle (l.5–1.6 times width of middle tibia); lower posterodorsal row of normal setae with very long preapical hair-like bristles (3.0–3.3 times width of mid tibia); one subbasal and 1 near middle of tibia; upper posterodorsal row of normal setae with strong preapical bristle (1.5 times as long as width of mid tibia). Tarsomere 1 with 2–4 long erect anterior setae (ca 2/3 as long as tarsomere 1), l–3 shorter posterior bristles, and some stiff preapical setae. Tarsomeres 2–5 slender and simple. Hindleg: Coxa with strong distal bristle and one weak subapical seta on outer surface, and fine long seta at anterodistal corner. Femur slightly sinuate ventrally towards tip, distinctly curved posteriorly, thickest at basal l/4, then gradually tapered apically, antero- and posteroventral rows of setae reduced into fewer than 10 setae each, mostly distributed in basal half of femur, longest anteroventral setae nearly l/3 as long as thickness of hind tibia longest posteroventral ones 2/3 as long as thickness of hind femur. Tibia almost straight, with weak posteroventral preapical process slightly longer than thickness of hind femur and with tip only slightly exceeding tip of tibia, 2 antero- and 2 posterodorsal short bristles (basal ones l/4 of way from base, apical one beyond midlength), and sometimes additional posterodorsal bristle l/4 of way from tip; anteroventral setae suberect and as long as thickness of hind tibia, posteroventral setae curved and closely pressed to leg integument; among preapical setae, lower anteroventral one fine and long (as long as width of hind tibia), anteroventral one strong. Wing (Fig. 18 c): Entirely pale gray, with brownish tinge on basal half of space C and basal cell 1, most of veins and fold along M1+2 and M1 blackish brown. Wing somewhat broad, 2.8–3.0 times as long as wide, with costa weakly arched, basal 1/3 of R2+3 and R4+5 thickened towards base, thicker than middle of Sc; R2+3 gently diverging from R4+5 towards tip for basal 3/5, then parallel with R4+5 for apical 2/5. M1 thickened from basal l/3 of discal cell to basal 1/3–2/5 of M1, upper side of this thickened portion overlapped by wing membrane from posterior side; discal crossvein slightly oblique; ratio of M1 to apical section of M1+2 1.6–1.8; ratio of middle section of M3+4 to apical section of M3+ 4 l. 7– 1.8. Halter yellow; bristles and setae black. Abdomen (Fig. 8 a-c): Abdominal terga gray to dark-gray pollinose, tergal integument slightly appearing when viewed from some directions; terga evenly clothed with short setulae. Sternum 1 widely and strongly emarginate anteriorly, fused with sternum 2 along most of hind margin; sterna 2–3 normal; sternum 4 with pair of distal subventral bristles, not spine-like, but easily distinguished from other setae, and with strong seta at each posterolateral corner. Sternum 5 with pair of subventral clusters of 1–2 spine-like bristles; subventral row consisting of a few longish setae mixed posteriorly with scattered setae widely covering posterolateral portion of sternum; hind marginal stiff setae weakly curved at tips; posterolateral spines strong. Sternum 6 nearly 1.6 times as wide as long (excluding apodemal process), with anterior margin 2/3 as long as posterior margin, lateral margins weakly rounded, distal membranous area large, and pair of anterior apodemal processes slender and divergent from each other. Pedunculate process of sternum 6 long; with membranous club short and thick, 0.5 times as long as process itself, and in profile anterior margin evenly convex, posterior margin convex in basal half, then almost parallel with anterior margin, distal margin truncate with bluntly angled anterodistal and rounded posterodistal corners; spinules of anterolateral surface prominent, those of anterior surface small and compact, posterior surface densely but minutely tuberculate, each tubercle with short, pile-like process. Hypopygium (Figs. 9 a- e): Epandrium and tergum 8 with more whitish pollinosity than other terga. Cercus l.3 times as long as height of epandrial capsule, slender and very elongate, broadly and shallowly emarginate on inner margin, widest at apical l/ 4, with apical portion gently tapered apically and curving outwardly. Ventral lobe 0.7 times as long as cercus, flattened rather laterally, weakly dilated apically in basal half, then produced into short anterior process and long, parallel-sided posterior process nearly 0.5 times as long as whole length of process. Hypandrium 0.6 times as long as ventral lobe, ventral margin very convex basally; anterior process of hypandrium tapered apically, bearing bristle on outer surface (not on anterior margin); posterior process much shorter than anterior one, with large lamellate dentation at middle of anterior margin. Female: Similar to male, but face at narrowest portion 0.28 times as long as head. Proboscis 0.54 times as long as eye height. Relative lengths of tarsomeres 1–5 30:21:14:10: 15 in foreleg; 57:30:18:11: 15 in midleg; 50:50:25:14: 20 in hindleg. Wing: apical section of M3+4 1.9 times as long as discal crossvein. Body length 3.0– 3.7 mm; wing length 3.3–3.6 mm.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ɗ, Poipu beach, Kaua‘i, 6.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. (BPBM). PARATYPES (BPBM, LBM, BLKU): Kaua‘i: 3ɗ9Ψ, Kokee, 4–6.viii.1961, Miyatake &amp; Yoshimoto leg.; 1ɗ, Barking Sands, 10.vii.1931, E.C. Zimmerman leg.; 225ɗ202Ψ, Poipu beach, 6.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 70ɗ55Ψ, Poipu beach, 8.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 106ɗ150Ψ, Poipu beach, 9.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Kaua‘i).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is an adjective derived from a combination of the Latin crassus (thick) and nervus (vein), referring to the thick male wing veins.</p><p>Remarks. This new species somewhat resembles Conchopus minutus sp. nov., C. menehune sp. nov. and C. pacificus sp. nov. in having the thickened M1+2 and M 1 in the males, but the males of the latter three species have the following combination of characters different from those of the new species: the strong ventral bristle on fore tarsomere 1; the short setose mid tibia and tarsomere 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B23EE16CE33FF94D2979890B258FE64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Masunaga, Kazuhiro;Saigusa, Toyohei	Masunaga, Kazuhiro, Saigusa, Toyohei (2010): A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 2729: 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200114
3B23EE16CE2DFF91D2979C90B1BCFC31.text	3B23EE16CE2DFF91D2979C90B1BCFC31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conchopus minutus	<div><p>Conchopus minutus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 10, 11, 12, 18 d)</p><p>Diagnosis. Small-sized species (2.5–2.9 mm in body length) characterized by 1st flagellomere being twice as long as its basal thickness; halter yellow. In male M1+2 thickened, apical section of M3+4 2.6 times as long as discal crossvein; discal crossvein very oblique; fore tarsomere 1 with large basal lobe 2/5 as long as tarsomere 1, strong ventral bristle beyond midlength, and moderately large apical swelling; longer dorsal bristle of fore tarsomere 2 slightly before middle; mid tibia cylindrical, without long erect bristles and setae on anterior and posterior surfaces; mid tarsomere 1 short setose; ventral lobe of hypopygium simple, slightly produced distally.</p><p>Description. Male: Body length 2.5–2.9 mm; wing length 2.7–2.9 mm. Head: l.7–1.8 times as deep as long; frons, vertex, and upper half of occiput blackish-brown pollinose, with slight brownish tinge on frons just above antennal base. Dark green coloration of occipital integument faintly apparent through its pollinosity. Face, palpus, proboscis, and lower half of occiput ash-gray pollinose, darker on latter two areas; face at narrowest point 0.2 times as wide as head, gradually widening dorsally and ventrally, widest ventral part l.5 times as wide as narrowest point. Proboscis 0.4 times as long as eye height. Antenna 0.5–0.6 times as long as head; 1st flagellomere as long as two basal segments together, or 1.9 times as long as thick, gently and gradually constricted on dorsal margin, almost straight for basal 2/3, then curving dorsally towards tip on ventral margin, inner surface bearing 3–4 setulae near base towards dorsal margin, 2–3 setulae at midlength towards ventral margin; arista l.3–1.5 times as long as 3 antennal segments together. Thorax: Mesonotum viewed from above, humerus brownish gray, inverted Y-shaped mark blackish brown, with borders not sharply defined, 1st dc on obscure border, 2nd dc on blackish area, presutural dark prolongation narrow but distinct; prescutellar white marking rectangular, anterior margin usually weakly prolonged into short, narrow acrostichal streak, lateral margins slightly emarginated at 5th and 6th dc, these being situated on blackish area; cuneiform dark incision in prescutellar white marking usually broad basally, then tapered into parallel-sided band extending anteriorly slightly beyond level of 5th dc. Supra-alar area (surrounded by sutural and 2 supra-alar bristles), postalar callus, and scutellum dark grayish-brown pollinose. Pleura gray pollinose white slight bluish or greenish tinge. Acrostichals 7–12 in number; irregularly biserial in front, uniserial behind, ending between levels of 1st and 2nd dc, or reaching to level of latter, but only very rarely extending more posteriorly, acrostichals all reclinate. Propleurals 3–5 (usually 4), mesopleurals 3–6 (usually 3 or 4), latter arranged in vertical row along upper portion of hind margin of anepisternum near basalare but lowermost setulae not reaching level of ventral extension of basalare. Scutellum almost always with 2 weak outer bristles besides inner pair of strong bristles, but 1 or both outer bristles rarely absent. Legs: Coxae and femora gray pollinose with slight bluish or greenish tinge, femora darker and subshining with greenish integument apparent. Tibiae and tarsi blackish brown with thin coating of grayish pollen. Foreleg (Figs. 10 a-b): Coxa clothed with 2 rows of bristles on anterior surface, of which outer row of 4–6 quite strong, coxa also with long bristles on anterior distal margins. Femur 5.5 times as long as thick, gradually tapered apically; preapical tubercle situated 0.2–0.3 from tip. Tibia slightly curved dorsally towards tip, preapical portion weakly swollen, l.6–1.7 times as thick as narrowest part of tibia; anterodorsal and anteroventral setae lengthened apically, bristles of former row inclined, those of latter row more or less erect and prominent; preapical posteroventral bristle very strong (as long as thickness of tibia at midlength), anterior preapical mass of setae well developed. Tarsomere 1 short, well arched dorsally; basal lobe well developed, evenly rounded ventrally, 0.6–0.7 times as thick as long, 0.4 times as long as tarsomere 1, with 8–11 submarginal setulae (these forming row from ventral submargin of posterior surface to distal margin) and 3–4 (usually 4) marginal setulae (setulae in short row on ventral margin), all these setulae rather long; ventral bristle strong, nearly l.5 times as long as thickness of tarsomere 1, situated slightly beyond midlength of latter; a few weak setulae before ventral bristle, these much weaker than marginal setulae of ventral lobe; apical swelling of tarsomere 1 prominent (thickness of tarsomere at apical swelling 0.8 times that at basal lobe), produced ventrodistally; anterior preapical cluster of setulae close to tip of tarsomere 1, almost at level of posterior preapical bristle. Tarsomere 2 with strong anterodorsal bristle of l/4 its length, situated 0.4–0.5 from base of tarsomere, 1 additional short bristle often appearing at midlength of tarsomere. Tarsomeres 3–5 simple. Midleg (Fig. 10 c): Coxa with row of many bristles extending from middle of outer surface to anterodistal corner, uppermost bristle very strong, bristles on anterodistal corner dense. Femur weakly depressed dorsoventrally, thickest and widest at proximal l/4, gently tapered apically, with anterior and dorsal margins weakly arched, posterior one very slightly incurved, and ventral one almost straight; anteroventral bristles lengthened in basal half, posteroventral bristles inclined, both 0.5 times as long as thickness of femur and becoming shorter apically; 4–5 anterior bristles on apical half of femur and posterior preapical bristle strong. Tibia slender, cylindrical, straight and simple, clothed with 8 rows of short setae and bearing 2 pairs of posterodorsal bristles, these as long as width of tibia, one pair situated l/4 from base, another beyond midlength (variable, from just before midlength to point 2/5 from tip), posterodorsal bristles located beyond midlength and almost always situated more basally than anterodorsal ones. Tarsus slender, simple, with short setae; anterior bristles of tarsomere 1 not or very slightly differentiated from other setulae. Hindleg: Coxa with 3 outer bristles (uppermost one as strong as that of middle coxa) and long fine bristle at anterodistal angle. Trochanter with several short normal setae. Femur weakly curved posteriorly and ventrally, with short setulae and numerous antero- and posteroventral setae, shorter than half thickness of femur, including 4–5 strong anterodorsal bristles on apical half. Tibia slender and straight, with very weak apical process posteroventrally, this only as long as thickness of tibia and only slightly exceeding tip of tibia; chaetotaxy resembling that of mid tibia, but usually dorsal bristles beyond middle posteroventral bristle absent and anteroventral preapical bristle somewhat stronger. Tarsus simple, slender, with short setulae. Wing (Fig. 18 d): Evenly pale gray but slightly infuscated brownish in basal half of space C and basal cell 1, fold along M1+2 black. Wing somewhat broad, usually shorter than 3 times width. Basal l/3 of veins R2+3 and R4+5 not incrassate, as thick as or more slender than middle of vein Sc; apical section of M1+2 gently divergent from R4+5 towards tip in basal half, then weakly bent anteriorly, finally parallel with R4+5 towards tip, also thickened from middle of discal cell to basal 1/4 of M1, with upper side of thickened portion overlapped by wing membrane from posterior side; discal crossvein oblique, so discal cell pointed at posterodistal corner. Ratio of M1 to apical section of M1+2 2.0–2.4; ratio of middle section of M3+4 to apical section of M3+ 4 l. 5–1.9. Halter yellow; bristles and setae black. Abdomen (Figs. 11 a-c): Gray pollinose with slight bluish or greenish tinge, but abdominal terga darker and subshining, with greenish integument apparent, and tergum 8 almost ash-gray like epandrium. Terga evenly clothed with short setulae. Sternum 1 strongly emarginate anteriorly, fused with sternum 2 posteriorly; sterna 2–4 normal, discal bristles of sternum 4 weak, not spine-like. Sternum 5 with pair of subventral clusters of 3–5 strong, spinelike bristles; from each cluster row of a few subventral setae extending posteriorly, this row fairly well distinguished from group of bristles broadly covering posterolateral portions of sternum, but connected to this group of bristles by marginal row of bristles, of which 2–3 subventral ones somewhat stronger than others; sternum 5 also with strong, blunt-ended spine at each posterolateral corner. Sternum 6 nearly as long as wide, deeply concave ventromedially, weakly and bluntly expanded laterally, broadly desclerotized on disc. Lamellate apodemal processes large, broad, triangular, and widely divergent from each other. Pedunculate process of sternum 6 long; its membranous club 0.5–0.6 times as long as process itself, and in profile almost of same width, with anterior margin weakly concave beyond midlength, posterior margin almost straight, and apex large and truncate; spinules of lateral surface moderately large, those on anterior surface compact and depressed, each shagreened unit of posterior surface. Hypopygium (Figs. 12 a–e): Cercus 1.1 times as long as height of epandrial capsule, not very elongate, broadest at about apical 0.3, broadly emarginate on inner margin, with apex broadly rounded and weakly produced distally. Ventral lobe 0.5 times as long as cercus, flattened longitudinally, 3.5 times as long as wide, very weakly dilated towards apical margin, latter fringed with 6 bristles and protruded into short process at each apical corner; a few setulae scattered on posterior surface of ventral lobe. Hypandrium about as long as ventral lobe. Female: Similar to male, but face at narrowest point 0.25 times as wide as head. Proboscis 0.63 times as long as eye height: Relative lengths of tarsomeres 1–5 30:23:14:9: 16 in foreleg; 52:28:16:10: 15 in midleg; 45:43:24:11: 15 in hindleg. Wing: Apical section of M3+4 2.3–2.6 times as long as discal crossvein. Body length 2.5–2.7 mm; wing length 2.9–3.2 mm.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE ɗ, Hulopoe Beach, Läna‘i, 16.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. (BPBM). PARATYPES (BPBM, LBM, BLKU): Hawai‘i: 1Ψ, Kailua-Kona, 29.ix.1966, W.J. Voss leg.; 5ɗ1Ψ, Hilo, 23.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 3ɗ11Ψ, Kalapana Pk., 24.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 23ɗ10Ψ, Leleiwi, 13.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 11 ɗ, Honaunau, 14.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 5ɗ, Kapaa Beach, 14.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 8ɗ, Black Sands Beach, 15.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. L ā na‘i: 138ɗ135Ψ, Hulopoe Beach, 16.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 62ɗ45Ψ, Hulopoe Beach, 17.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 7ɗ1Ψ, Kaiolohia Bay, 17.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Maui: 1Ψ, Nahiku, ii.1958, N.L.H. Krauss leg.; 7ɗ27Ψ, Lahaina, 24.xi.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 1ɗ1Ψ, Hookipa, 10.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 72ɗ50Ψ, Makena, 10.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 56ɗ48Ψ, Kahana, 11.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 87ɗ90Ψ, Little Beach, 12.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 1ɗ, Hookipa, 12.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Moloka‘i: 108ɗ110Ψ, Waialua, 4.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 41ɗ20Ψ, Waialua, 5.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. O‘ahu: 1ɗ1Ψ, Wawamalu Beach near, Koko Crater, 17.xii.1922, E.H. Brayan Jr. leg.; 1ɗ, Koko Head, 23.vii.1922, E.H. Brayan Jr. leg.; 74ɗ70Ψ, Waianae, 29.v.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 22ɗ13Ψ, Hanauma Bay, 20.xi.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 7ɗ17Ψ, Makapu‘u Pt., 5.ii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 8ɗ, Makua, 6.ii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 1Ψ, Hanauma Bay, 8.iv.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 1ɗ2Ψ, Makapu‘u Pt., 1.v.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 3Ψ, Makapu‘u Pt., 6.v.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 21ɗ11Ψ, Makapu‘u Pt., 21.v.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 6Ψ, Hanauma Bay, 23.x.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 31ɗ, Sandy beach park, 19.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 57ɗ50Ψ, Ulehawa beach park, 20.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. French Frigate Shoals: 1ɗ2Ψ, La Perouse Pinnacle, 27.vi.1923, E.H. Brayan Jr. leg.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Hawai‘i, Maui, Läna‘i., Moloka‘i, O‘ahu, and French Frigate Shoals).</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the small size of the adults.</p><p>Remarks. This new species most closely resembles Conchopus menehune sp. nov. in having the thickened M1+2 and M1, short setose mid tibia in males, but the male of the latter has the following combination of characters different from those of the new species: mesonotum viewed from above not dark, prescutellar white marking slightly wider, inverted Y-shaped marking without brownish tinge; and setae on anterior surface of fore coxa denser.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B23EE16CE2DFF91D2979C90B1BCFC31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Masunaga, Kazuhiro;Saigusa, Toyohei	Masunaga, Kazuhiro, Saigusa, Toyohei (2010): A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 2729: 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200114
3B23EE16CE28FF9CD297997CB517FA86.text	3B23EE16CE28FF9CD297997CB517FA86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conchopus menehune	<div><p>Conchopus menehune sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 13, 14, 18 e)</p><p>Diagnosis. Small-sized species (2.9–3.4 mm in body length) similar to C. minutus sp. nov. and characterized by 1st flagellomere being 1.5 times as long as its basal thickness; halter yellow. In male, M1+2 thickened; apical section of M3+4 2.3 times as long as discal crossvein; fore tarsomere 1 with small but broad basal swelling 1/4 as long as tarsomere 1, strong ventral bristle situated 1/3 from base, and strongly produced apical swelling; longer dorsal bristle of fore tarsomere 2 subbasal, situated 1/5 from base; mid tibia cylindrical, without long erect bristles and setae on anterior and posterior surfaces; mid tarsomere 1 short setose; ventral lobe of hypopygium simple, slightly produced distally.</p><p>Description. Male: Body length 2.9–3.4 mm; wing length 2.7–3.5 mm. Head: l.7 times as deep as long; face at narrowest point 0.16 of head width, more strongly widening ventrally than dorsally, widest ventral part l.8–1.9 times as wide as narrowest point. Proboscis 0.5 times as long as eye height. Antenna 0.6 times as long as head; 1st flagellomere 1.1–1.2 times as long as two basal antennal segments together. Thorax: Mesonotum viewed from above, humerus paler, only slightly darker than notal white markings, anterolateral whitish areas barely tinged with bluish green along posterior margin; inverted Y-shaped marking deep velvety black, with borders sharply defined; 1st dc on white area, 2nd dc on border; prescutellar white marking moderately wide, gradually constricted anteriorly beyond 5th dc, anterior margin of this marking without bluish tinge, 5th and 6th dc on lateral margins. Chaetotaxy: acrostichals 4–11 in number, ending posteriorly between level of 1st dc and point midway between 1st and 2nd dc, all reclinate. Propleurals 4–5; mesopleurals 7–11, ending ventrally in strong setula located below ventral margin of basalare; metapleurals 1–3. Scutellum usually with only pair of strong bristles, but sometimes with 1–2 weaker outer bristles. Foreleg (Fig. 13 a-b): Setae on anterior surface of coxa dense, plus outer row of 8–9 bristles. Femur 4.3–4.8 times as long as basal thickness; preapical tubercle situated 0.3 from tip. Tibia only slightly curved dorsally towards tip, preapical portion distinctly swollen, l.9–2.1 times as thick as narrowest part of tibia; both antero- and posteroventral setae equally lengthened on apical half of tibia, longest bristles 1.2–1.7 times as long as midlength thickness of tibia, posteroventral setae slightly inclined; 2 antero- and 2 posterodorsal bristles usually well developed; anterior preapical mass of setae extensively developed. Tarsus 1.2 times as long as tibia. Tarsomere 1 somewhat elongate, 1/4 of length of tarsus, strongly arched dorsally; basal lobe well developed, short but very strongly produced ventrally, with more or less truncate ventral margin, 1.2 times as thick as long, 0.2 times as long as tarsomere 1, with 8–9 submarginal setulae and 4 marginal setulae, these setulae rather long; ventral bristle very strong, 1.5–1.7 times as long as thickness of tarsomere 1 through base of bristle, situated 1/3 from base; a few weak setulae before ventral bristle, these much weaker than marginal setulae of ventral lobe; apical swelling of tarsomere 1 prominent, the most strongly produced ventrodistally of any Hawaiian species of Conchopus (thickness of tarsomere 1 at apical swelling slightly less than that at basal lobe); anterior preapical cluster of setulae shifted basally, center of cluster at 3/7 from tip of tarsomere 1. Tarsomere 2 with strong anterodorsal bristle 1/3 as long as tarsomere, located 0.3 from base of tarsomere, 1–2 additional shorter bristles between this bristle and midlength of tarsomere. Tarsomeres 3–5 simple and slender. Mid- and hindlegs: Almost as in C. minutus . Middle femur more weakly curving posteriorly, and its ventral bristles longer (posteroventral bristles towards base being 2/3 as long as femur thickness); posteroventral setae of hind tibia curved anteriorly and appressed. Wing (Fig. 18 e): Elongate, nearly 3 times as long as broad, costa more strongly arched on apical half; ratio of M1 to apical section of M1+2 2.5– 2.8; ratio of middle section of M3+4 to apical section of M3+ 4 l. 5–l.7. Abdomen: Each subventral cluster of sternum 5 consisting of 4–5 spine-like bristles. Membranous portion of pedunculate process of sternum 6 slightly more than half as long as process itself, with anterior margin of latter concave beyond midlength. Hypopygium (Figs. 14 a-d): Cercus slender, widest 0.2–0.3 of way from tip. Ventral lobe 4 times as long as wide; posterior process of ventral process without distinct lamellate dentation. Female. Similar to male, but face at narrowest point 0.25 times as wide as head. Proboscis 0.41 times as long as eye height. Relative lengths of tarsomeres 1–5 35:25:17:9: 17 in foreleg; 57:29:17:11: 18 in midleg; 55:50:25:15: 20 in hindleg. Wing: Apical section of M3+4 2.2 times as long as discal crossvein. Body length 3.0– 3.1 mm; wing length 2.9–3.4 mm.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE ɗ, Po‘ipu beach, Kaua‘i, 6.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. (BPBM). PARA- TYPES (BPBM, LBM, BLKU): Kaua‘i: 1ɗ, 10.vii.1937, Barking Sands, E.C. Zimmerman leg.; 20ɗ5Ψ, Po‘ipu Beach, 6.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 2ɗ, Po‘ipu Beach, 8.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 2ɗ, Po‘ipu Beach, 9.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 1ɗ1Ψ, Ke‘e Beach, 9.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Nihoa: 3ɗ4Ψ, 11.vi.1923, ex. ppl salt water, E.H. Bryan, Jr. leg.; 1Ψ, 13.vi.1923, E.H. Bryan, Jr. leg.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Kaua‘i and Nihoa).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after a dwarf in Hawaiian legend; treated here as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. This new species most closely resembles Conchopus minutus sp. nov. in having the thickened M1+2 and M1, short setose mid tibia in males, but the male of the latter has the following combination of characters different from those of the present new species: mesonotum viewed from above darker, prescutellar white marking slightly narrower, inverted Y-shaped marking with brownish tinge; setae on anterior surface of fore coxa sparser; and ventral bristle of male fore tarsomere 1 situated near midlength of the tarsomere.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B23EE16CE28FF9CD297997CB517FA86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Masunaga, Kazuhiro;Saigusa, Toyohei	Masunaga, Kazuhiro, Saigusa, Toyohei (2010): A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 2729: 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200114
3B23EE16CE25FFA7D29798F2B385FD8C.text	3B23EE16CE25FFA7D29798F2B385FD8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conchopus pacificus	<div><p>Conchopus pacificus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18 f)</p><p>Diagnosis. Small-sized species (2.3–3.1 mm in body length) similar to C. minutus sp. nov. and characterized by 1st flagellomere 1.7 times as long as its basal thickness; halter brown. In male, M1+2 thickened, apical section of M3+4 2.6 times as long as discal crossvein; fore tarsomere 1 with large basal lobe 2/5 as long as tarsomere 1, strong ventral bristle beyond midlength, and moderately large apical swelling; longer dorsal bristle of fore tarsomere 2 slightly before middle; mid tibia cylindrical, without long erect bristles and setae on anterior and posterior surfaces; mid tarsomere 1 short setose; ventral lobe of hypopygium produced into slender distal prolongation.</p><p>Descriptions. Male: Body length 2.5–3.1 mm; wing length 2.8–3.1 mm. Head: l.8 times as deep as long; vertex and upper half of occiput densely dark-grayish-brown pollinose, greenish ground color entirely concealed. Face at narrowest point 0.13 times as wide as head, rather abruptly widening ventrally, widest ventral part twice narrowest point. Proboscis 0.4 times as long as eye height. Antenna 0.6 times as long as head; 1st flagellomere short, 1.1 times as long as 2 basal segments combined, 1.7 times as long as thick; arista 1.4 times as long as 3 antennal segments combined. Thorax: Mesonotum viewed from above humerus almost ash gray with slight brownish tinge; inverted Y-shaped dark area deep black, 1st and 2nd dc located in white marking, area surrounding 3rd dc and 2 supra-alar bristles brownish, presutural dark prolongation much reduced, very indistinct, recognizable as small, obscure dark area not connected with Y-shaped mark and located in front of sutural bristle; supra-alar area gray. Chaetotaxy: acrostichals 8–9 in number, almost uniserial, ending posterior at level of 2nd dc or midway between levels of 1st and 2nd dc. Propleurals 5–6, mesopleurals 6–7, arranged in 2 irregular rows along upper part of posterior margin of anepisternum, with lowermost setulae at ventral extremity of basalare; epimerals l. Scutellum with 1 or 2 outer marginals, and 2 strong inner bristles. Legs. Foreleg (Figs. 15 a-b): Coxa with irregularly biserial inner row of weak setae, outer row reduced 1–2 strong subbasal bristles, submarginal bristles fairly strong, about 10 in number. Femur 4.8–5.2 times as long as thick, gradually tapered apically; preapical tubercle situated at 0.16–0.17 from tip; ventral setae of subbasal part of femur 0.4 times as long as thickness of femur. Tibia only slightly dilated apically, with 4–5 antero- and 2–3 posterodorsal short bristles distinct from dorsal setae; anteroventral setae strong, posteroventral setae slightly weaker than anteroventral setae, anterior preapical mass of setulae well developed. Tarsus 1.1 times as long as tibia. Tarsomere 1 short, weakly convex dorsally; basal lobe weakly developed, evenly rounded ventrally, 0.5 times as thick as long, 0.3 times as long as tarsomere 1, with 5–8 setulae arranged in row along ventral margin; ventral bristle very strong, nearly twice thickness of tarsomere 1 (latter measured through base of this bristle), situated 0.4 from tip; weakly raised keel ciliated with 3 setulae between basal lobe and ventral bristle; apical swelling of tarsomere 1 well developed, produced ventrally; anterior preapical cluster of setulae at level of posterior preapical bristle, centered l/4 from tip. Tarsomere 2 with 2 strong anterodorsal bristles, situated 0.3 from base, distal one slightly shorter than proximal one, situated 0.4 from base; much weaker additional bristles sometimes present beyond midlength. Tarsomeres 3–5 simple. Midleg (Fig. 15 c): Femur strongly depressed dorsoventrally in apical half, there 0.4 times as thick as basal width, with anterior margin gently arched and posterior margin almost straight; about 10 anterior setae on apical 2/3 of femur becoming bristle-like distally, anteroventral bristles well developed (longest one towards base nearly as long as subbasal thickness of femur), longer and much more prominent than posteroventral setae. Tibia weakly depressed dorsoventrally, short setose, and 2 ordinary pairs of dorsal bristles, one subbasally, other near midlength. Tarsomere 1 with 2 anteroventral bristles on basal half, both being 2.5 times as long as width of tarsomere 1. Hindleg: Femur weakly tapered towards tip, with sparser setae on ventral surface. Tibia with shorter setae and posteroventral setae. Wing (Fig. 18 f): 2.8 times as long as wide; basal portion of vein R4+5 incrassate, thicker than middle of R2+3 or Sc, distal crossvein slightly oblique; ratio of M1 to apical section of M1+ 2 l. 6–1.8; ratio of middle section of M3+4 to apical section of M3+ 4 l. 7. Halter brown, but knob dark brown. Abdomen (Figs. 16 a-c): Sternum 4 with pair of strong, spine-like subventral bristles before middle; sternum 5 with subventral clusters consisting of 3 spines, subventral rows of setae uniserial in anterior portion, but mixed among scattered setae towards hind margin; sternum 6 trapezoidal in shape with small distal membranous area and pair of anterior apodemal processes, these being short, blunt and not divergent. Membranous portion of pedunculate process of sternum 6 0.5 times as long as process itself, with anterior margin much curved in basal half; anterior spinuli long and roughly napped posterior minute tubercles with very short pile-like point. Hypopygium (Figs. 17 a-d): Cercus widest 1/3 from tip, apical dilated portion almost parallel-sided on basal half, with inner margin constricted and strongly produced distal tip. Ventral lobe flattened longitudinally, almost parallelsided with long posterodistal projection 0.5 times as long as main portion of process; apical margin of ventral lobe fringed with about 10 pale setae. Hypandrium with anterior and posterior processes subequal in length, and with lamellate dentation between them. Female. Similar to male, but face at narrowest part 0.24 times as long as head. Proboscis 0.67 times as long as eye height: Relative lengths of tarsomeres 1–5 31:25:15:8: 15 in foreleg; 52:33:21:10: 15 in midleg; 42:46:28:13: 15 in hindleg. Wing: apical section of M3+4 2.7 times as long as discal crossvein. Body length 2.3–2.6 mm; wing length 2.7–2.9 mm.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE ɗ, Leleiwi, Hawai‘i, 13.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. (BPBM). PARA- TYPES (BPBM, LBM, BLKU): Hawai‘i: 1ɗ, Kahalu‘u, Kona, Hawai’i, viii.1958, Y. Kondo leg.; 3Ψ, Kailua- Kona, 29.ix.1966, W.J. Voss leg.; 19ɗ1Ψ, Hilo, 23.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 15ɗ8Ψ, Kalapana Pk., 24.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 283ɗ250Ψ, Leleiwi, 13.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 118ɗ90Ψ, Honaunau, 14.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 2ɗ, Kapa‘a Beach, 14.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 108ɗ80Ψ, Black sands beach, 15.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; Maui: 4ɗ, Makena, 10.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. O‘ahu: 1Ψ, Waianae, 29.v.1966, T. Saigusa leg.; 5Ψ, Makapu‘u Pt., 21.v.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 3Ψ, Hanauma Bay, 23.iii.1967, J.R. Vockeroth leg.; 23ɗ, Sandy Beach Park, 19.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Kaua‘i: 7ɗ2Ψ, Po‘ipu Beach, 6.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 5ɗ, Po‘ipu Beach, 8.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg.; 23ɗ27Ψ, Po‘ipu Beach, 9.xii.2002, K. Masunaga leg. Wake: 1ɗ1Ψ, 30.vii.1923, on sand, E.H. Bryan Jr. leg.; 1Ψ, 5.viii.1923, on sand, E.H. Bryan Jr. leg.</p><p>Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Hawai‘i, O‘ahu, Kaua‘i) and Wake Island.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, which is situated in the center of the Pacific Ocean.</p><p>Remarks. This new species most closely resembles Conchopus minutus sp. nov. and Conchopus menehune sp. nov. in having the thickened M1+2 and M1, short setose mid tibia in males, but the males of the latter two species have the following combination of characters different from those of the present new species: halter yellow; and fore tarsomere 1 with ventral bristle situated near or beyond the middle.</p><p>This species is distributed in both Wake Island and the Hawaiian Islands, separated by 3,000 km. Annexed by the United States in 1899, Wake Island was placed under the jurisdiction of the US Navy Department in 1935, and that same year a modern airport was established (Bryan 1959). There is a possibility that some animals were introduced from the Hawaiian Islands to Wake Island at that time. However, the specimens from Wake Island examined in this study were collected by the Tanager Expedition in 1923, well before any significant construction had been done. Although rats were present on Wake Island by that time (Bryan 1959), their source is unclear, and we think most likely that C. menehune occurs naturally there.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B23EE16CE25FFA7D29798F2B385FD8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Masunaga, Kazuhiro;Saigusa, Toyohei	Masunaga, Kazuhiro, Saigusa, Toyohei (2010): A revision of the Hawaiian and Wake Island species of the genus Conchopus Takagi (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 2729: 1-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200114
