taxonID	type	description	language	source
5E70093F622DB9C1B9A0C6CEB69D0AEB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A Gephyromantis species assigned to the subgenus Asperomantis based on the presence of small dermal spines on the elbow and heel, presence of inner and outer dorsal ridges as defined by Vences and Glaw (2001), Type 2 femoral glands sensu Glaw et al. (2000) Glaw et al. (2000), moderately enlarged finger and toe tips, absence of webbing between fingers, moderate webbing between toes, presence of paired blackish sub-gular vocal sacs in males, and a distinct whitish spot in the middle of the tympanic field (Vences et al. 2017). DNA sequence data from a fragment of the 16 S gene supports this assignment. Gephyromantis angano sp. n. is characterized by the following suite of morphological characters: (1) adult SVL 29.1 - 30.5 mm, (2) TD / ED 0.61 - 0.71, (3) small supraocular spines, (4) large femoral glands consisting of numerous small granules, (5) moderately raised dorsal ridges, (6) granular dorsal skin, (7) relatively short hindlimbs (HIL / SVL 1.73 - 1.81 in males), and (7) its unique call (see above). Within the subgenus Asperomantis, Gephyromantis angano sp. n. can be distinguished from G. ambohitra, G. spinifer, and G. tahotra by its smaller size (male SVL <30 mm, vs.> 31 mm, female SVL up to 30.5 mm vs.> 32 mm); from G. spinifer by its less granular dorsal skin and smaller supraocular spines; from G. asper and G. ceratophrys by its generally shorter hindlimbs in males (HIL / SVL 1.73 - 1.81 vs. 1.77 - 2.11); and from G. ceratophrys by more granules per femoral gland (26 - 69 vs. 14 - 20). Bioacoustically, it is distinguished from all of these species by its call duration (41 - 98 ms vs. 5 - 44 ms in G. asper and G. ceratophrys, and 98 - 274 ms in G. ambohitra and G. tahotra), unpulsed calls (vs. pulsed in G. ambohitra and G. tahotra), calls repeated faster than in G. ceratophrys, and dominant frequency (3703 - 3875 Hz vs. 1435 - 3366 Hz in G. ambohitra, and G. tahotra).	en	Scherz, Mark D., Vences, Miguel, Borrell, James, Ball, Lawrence, Nomenjanahary, Denise Herizo, Parker, Duncan, Rakotondratsima, Marius, Razafimandimby, Elidiot, Starnes, Thomas, Rabearivony, Jeanneney, Glaw, Frank (2017): A new frog species of the subgenus Asperomantis (Anura, Mantellidae, Gephyromantis) from the Bealanana District of northern Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (2): 451-466, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.14906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.14906
5E70093F622DB9C1B9A0C6CEB69D0AEB.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. A specimen in a good state of preservation, the left thigh cut for DNA tissue sample and to expose the inner face of the femoral gland. Snout-vent length 29.6 mm. For other measurements see Table 1. Body rather rounded; head longer than wide, as wide as the body; snout acuminate in dorsal view, truncate in lateral view; nostrils directed laterally, slightly protuberant, much nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis distinct, concave; loreal region concave and moderately oblique; tympanum distinct, round, its diameter 71 % of eye diameter; supratympanic fold distinct, curving ventrally; tongue ovoid, distinctly bifid posteriorly; vomerine teeth distinct, in two small aggregations, positioned posteromedially to choanae; choanae rounded. Dark dermal fold (the inflatable parts of the vocal sacs) running along each lower jaw from commissure of mouth to middle of lower jaw. Arms slender, subarticular tubercles single; outer metacarpal tubercle very poorly developed and inner metacarpal tubercle relatively well developed; fingers without webbing; relative length of fingers 1 <2 <4 <3, second finger dis tinctly shorter than fourth; finger discs distinctly enlarged, nuptial pads absent. Hindlimbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond snout tip when hindlimb is adpressed along body; lateral metatarsals separated by webbing; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, outer metatarsal tubercle very faint but present; webbing formula of foot according to Blommers-Schlo ̈ sser (1979) 1 (1), 2 i (1.5), 2 e (1), 3 i (2), 3 e (1), 4 i (2.5), 4 e (2), 5 (0.5); relative toe length 1 <2 <5 & lt; 3 <4; toe discs distinctly enlarged. Skin dorsally granular; ridges bordering mid-dorsal band elevated, starting approximately 1 mm behind eyes (starting off bifurcated and converging toward the mid-line) and gradually becoming less distinct posteriorly; additional, interrupted and less distinct ridges are present posterior to the suprascapular region; two dark inter-ocular ridges are present either side of a fine cream-coloured vertebral band; supraocular tubercles are weakly enlarged, and do not form strong spines above the eyes; a modest dermal tarsal spine is present. Ventral skin smooth on throat and limbs, granular in posterior portion of abdomen. Femoral glands well delimited externally, consisting of 36 small granules on the left side and 44 small granules on the right side. Dorsal colouration after one and a half years in preservative sepia, becoming increasingly grey posteriorly, mottled with almost black and brownish markings; dorsal folds are blackened over the suprascapular region but are otherwise brown; the tympanum is darker brown than the surrounding area; the lateral head has a cream stripe before the eye, immediately followed by a black stripe roughly 1 mm wide, and then mottled dark and light until the tympanum; bottom lip has alternating brown and cream annulations; dorsal forelimbs mottled blackish and Mikado brown reticulated with cream; dorsal hindlimbs brown with burnt umber crossbands on the thigh (three), shank (four), and foot (four); the cloacal region has a trapezoid of burnt umber around it; flank colouration fades from the sepia dorsal colouration through grey to the cream of the venter; ventrally the chin is medium fawn with a cream mid-ventral stripe and blackish vocal sacs, becoming blotched fawn among cream posteriorly to fully cream on the abdomen; the ventral legs are cream with brown and black areas toward the knees and on the anteroventral edge of the shank, including the femoral glands, which are distinct only in their texture and shape, and not in colour; the ventral foot is dark brown. Colouration in life was as in preservative but more vibrant; see Figure 5.	en	Scherz, Mark D., Vences, Miguel, Borrell, James, Ball, Lawrence, Nomenjanahary, Denise Herizo, Parker, Duncan, Rakotondratsima, Marius, Razafimandimby, Elidiot, Starnes, Thomas, Rabearivony, Jeanneney, Glaw, Frank (2017): A new frog species of the subgenus Asperomantis (Anura, Mantellidae, Gephyromantis) from the Bealanana District of northern Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (2): 451-466, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.14906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.14906
5E70093F622DB9C1B9A0C6CEB69D0AEB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Angano is a Malagasy word meaning ' fable'. The new material for this species was collected on Expedition Angano, a research expedition to the Bealanana District of northern Madagascar to assess the impacts of forest fragmentation on the reptiles and amphibians. The epithet is used as an invariable noun in apposition to the genus name.	en	Scherz, Mark D., Vences, Miguel, Borrell, James, Ball, Lawrence, Nomenjanahary, Denise Herizo, Parker, Duncan, Rakotondratsima, Marius, Razafimandimby, Elidiot, Starnes, Thomas, Rabearivony, Jeanneney, Glaw, Frank (2017): A new frog species of the subgenus Asperomantis (Anura, Mantellidae, Gephyromantis) from the Bealanana District of northern Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (2): 451-466, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.14906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.14906
5E70093F622DB9C1B9A0C6CEB69D0AEB.taxon	distribution	Natural history and distribution. One specimen of this species has been collected in Antsahan'i Ledy, and numerous specimens of this species were encountered during fieldwork on the Ampotsidy mountains (Fig. 7). Calling males were generally found in association with slow flowing water, in the case of the holotype at the source of a spring, in close syntopy with Boophis madagascariensis and a Mantidactylus (Brygoomantis) species. Males called up to 1 m above the ground from fern fronds and other low foliage. Females were found both near to and away from water, during the day and at night, but were less commonly encountered. No eggs were observed, but highly ovigerous females were found in January (e. g. Fig. 6 e). The call of the species is loud and carries over long distances, so that it can be heard alongside the calls of Boophis madagascariensis from well outside of some small forest fragments in the vicinity of Ampotsidy. In a small forest fragment where vouchers of Gephyromantis (Asperomantis) tahotra were collected (14.41689 ° S, 048.71435 ° E, 1368 m a. s. l.), G. angano sp. n. could also be heard; this appears to be the first ever record of any two Asperomantis species occurring in close syntopy (Vences et al. 2017).	en	Scherz, Mark D., Vences, Miguel, Borrell, James, Ball, Lawrence, Nomenjanahary, Denise Herizo, Parker, Duncan, Rakotondratsima, Marius, Razafimandimby, Elidiot, Starnes, Thomas, Rabearivony, Jeanneney, Glaw, Frank (2017): A new frog species of the subgenus Asperomantis (Anura, Mantellidae, Gephyromantis) from the Bealanana District of northern Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93 (2): 451-466, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.14906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.14906
