identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3E0087D1FFFAFF88FF0AFEBBFD5EFE69.text	3E0087D1FFFAFF88FF0AFEBBFD5EFE69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima riparianensis Hong & James 2021	<div><p>Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 1, Table 1)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7D477BF0-B196-4122-B1C9-2AAC2C21191A</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 4629): Philippines, Mountain Province, Riparian forest, N. side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.14367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.084667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.14367/lat 17.084667)">Tanudan River</a> (17°05.08’N, 121°08.62’E), 1067 m a.s.l., in soil, 3 April 2001, S.W. James coll. Paratype: 1 clitellate (NMA 4637): same data as for holotype.</p> <p>Non-types: 2 semiclitellates, same data as for holotype, Mountain Province, on ridge of Mt. Lamagan, 1400– 1500 m a.s.l., in soil, 4 April 2001, S.W. James coll.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named for its type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Dimensions 75–105 mm by 3.7–5.0 mm. Setal numbers 37–43 at VII, 46–58 at XX, 5–7 between male pores. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8, copulatory bursae openings 0.11 circumference ventrally apart. Genital markings lacking.</p> <p>Description. Violet-brown pigment dorsally on all segments, yellowish ventrally, and setal rings of segments I–III unpigmented. Dimensions 75–105 mm by 4.5–5 mm at segment X, 4.5–5 mm at XXX, 4–4.4 mm at clitellum, segments 100–102. Dorsal setae larger than ventral setae, more widely spaced in anterior segments; numbering 37–43 at VII, 46–58 at XX, 5–7 between male pores; setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 3: 2: 4: 5.5 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI, setae invisible externally. First dorsal pore in 12/13. One pair of spermathecal pores deep in 7/8 at 7th setal line, ventrally placed, 0.07 circumference apart. Female pore single in XIV. Openings of copulatory bursae ca. 0.4–0.5 mm in width, on round or wedge-shaped pads, paired in XVIII at 6th setal line, ventrally placed; ventral distance between two openings ca. 1.7 mm, 0.11 circumference apart. Genital markings lacking.</p> <p>Septa 5/6, 6/7, 7/8 thin, 8/9, 9/10 incomplete, reduced to a few muscular fibers or absent, 10/11–13/14 slightly muscular, transparent. Gizzard in VIII–X, intestine enlarged from XVI, paired intestinal glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII, extending anteriorly to about XXIII, elongate triangular sac; typhlosole low fold 1/6 lumen diameter from XXVII, 22–30 intestinal blood vessels. Hearts in X–XIII esophageal. Ovaries and funnels in XIII. One pair of spermathecae in VII, with nephridia on ducts; spermatheca with small ovate or spherical ampulla, broad and weakly muscular duct shorter than ampulla; seminal chamber pear-shaped, iridescent; diverticular stalk either shorter or longer than ampulla. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X–XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI–XII, dorsal lobes ovate, apically attached in shallow clefts, prostates in XVII–XVIII, each gland single cordate mass with a short, muscular duct, entering center of the copulatory bursae without stalked glands; having a ring of small wedge-shaped pads penis a conical protrusion from the roof of the copulatory bursa.</p> <p>Remarks. Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov. keys to the Pheretima sangirensis species group in Sims and Easton (1972), characterised by having spermathecal pore at 7/8. The P. sangirensis species group is composed of 33 species, of which the following three are from Vanuatu: P. sangirensis (Michaelsen, 1891), P. ceramensis Cognetti, 1922 and P. unicystis Lee, 1981. The first is composed of three subspecies, P. s. chica (Michaelsen, 1896), P. s. crassicystis (Michaelsen, 1896) and P. s. sangirensis, of which the taxonomic history is discussed in James (2004b). James (2004b) added ten species to this group: P. quincunxia, P. diesmosi, P. asurgo, P. monoporata, P. vicinipora, P. baungonensis, P. paucisetosa, P. alba, P. rubida, and P. virgata,all from the Mt. Kitanglad Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Hong &amp; James (2008b) reported two new species, P. mariae and P. lagunaensis, from Mt. Makiling, Luzon Island, Philippines. Recently, Aspe &amp; James (2014) described more 11 species, P. maculodorsalis, P. tigris, P. immanis, P. lago, P. nunezae, P.boniaoi, P. malindangensis, P. misamisensis, P.wati, P. longiprostata, and P. nolani from Mt.Malindang Range. More new species were described and assigned to the P. sangirensis species group, including P. timpoongensis, P. camiguinensis, P. sibucalensis and P. apoensis described in Aspe &amp; James (2016), P. floresi, P. baracatanensis and P. solisi group described in Aspe &amp; James (2017)</p> <p>P. riparianensis sp. nov., P. mariae, P. lagunaensis, P. alba, P. malindangensis, P. longiprostata, and P. sangirensis are the only members lacking septa 8/9 and 9/10 (Table 1). Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov. is the only one among this set of species with dorsal and ventral setal gaps and spermathecae located in segment VII. Comparing the new species to P. mariae, it has more setae in VII and XX, and fewer intestinal blood vessels (P. mariae 34–36, P. riparianensis 22–30). Furthermore, P. riparianensis sp. nov. has 5–7 setae between the male pores, while P. mariae has one.</p> <p>Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov. shares the spermathecal pores in 7/8, setal number and setae between the male pores with P. floresi, P. baracatanensis and P. solisi Aspe &amp; James, 2017, from Mt. Apo, Mindanao Island. However, three these species differ from Pheretima riparianensis sp. nov. in having spermathecae in VIII (vs. spermathecae in VII), absence of penes (vs. presence of penes).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E0087D1FFFAFF88FF0AFEBBFD5EFE69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2021): Two new earthworms of the Pheretima sangirensis species group (Clitellata Megascolecidae) from Mountain Province, Philippines. Zootaxa 4995 (2): 357-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4995.2.8
3E0087D1FFF9FF82FF0AF96DFACFFC07.text	3E0087D1FFF9FF82FF0AF96DFACFFC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pheretima bontocensis Hong & James 2021	<div><p>Pheretima bontocensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 2, Table 1)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C774ADA2-4780-4000-B1E2-6F44BC7A7527</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 4630): Philippines, Mountain Province, 1200 m asl, arboreal, 5 April, 2001, S. W. James coll.</p> <p>Paratypes: 2 clitellates (NMA 4638, NMA 4639): same data as for holotype.</p> <p>Non-types: 3 semiclitellates, same data as for holotype.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named for its type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Dimensions 68–83 mm by 3.4–4.5 mm. Setal numbers 38–43 at VII, 56–67 at XX, 4–6 between male pores. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8. Copulatory bursae openings 0.10 circumference ventrally apart. Genital markings lacking.</p> <p>Description. Violet-brown pigment dorsally, setal zones and ventral surface unpigmented. Dimensions 68–83 mm by 4–4.5 at segment X, 4.2–4.5 mm at XXX, 2.9–4 mm at clitellum, segments 75–106. Setae numbering 38–43 at VII, 56–67 at XX, 4–6 between male pores, ventral setae slightly more crowded; setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 3: 2: 4: 5 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI, setae invisible externally. First dorsal pores in 12/13. One pair of spermathecal pores in 7/8 at 6th setal lines, deep in furrow, ventrally placed, 0.09 circumference apart. Female pore single in XIV. Openings of copulatory bursae 0.4–0.5 mm in width, paired in XVIII at 7th setal lines, ventrally placed, distance between openings 1.5 mm, 0.10 circumference apart. Genital markings lacking.</p> <p>Septa 5/6, 6/7, 7/8 thinly muscular, 8/9, 9/10 incomplete, reduced to a few muscular fibers or absent, 10/11– 13/14 slightly muscular. Gizzard in VIII–X; intestine enlarged from XVI; small paired lymph glands from XXVIII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple, originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly to about XXIV, with finger-shaped sac; typhlosole 1/3 lumen diameter; 28–30 intestinal blood vessels. Hearts in X–XIII esophageal, X very small, commissural vessels of VII lateral, VIII to gizzard. Ovaries and funnels in XIII. Spermathecae in VII, with nephridia on ducts; spermatheca with a transversely ovate ampulla and a short, broad muscular duct shorter than ampulla; diverticulum with an iridescent, elongated oval-shaped seminal chamber and a kinked stalk. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X–XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI–XII, dorsal lobes not distinct; prostates in XVII–XVIII, small, 2 main lobes, with short muscular ducts entering posterior face of the copulatory bursae; bursae without stalked glands, openings internally surrounded by four wedge-shaped pads; short angular penis from bursal roof, about half depth of the bursa; possibly glandular tissue on roof medial to penis.</p> <p>......continued on the next page</p> <p>......continued on the next page</p> <p>......continued on the next page</p> <p>* Setal gaps present: D (dorsal), V (ventral)</p> <p>** Septal presence: +, Septal absence: -</p> <p>*** Missing data:?</p> <p>Remarks. Pheretima bontocensis sp. nov. is also in the P. sangirensis group, and is distinguished from other species of the group by the combination of its character states for the pigmentation pattern (violet brown with equatorial pale stripes), the origin of the intestine (XVI), the location of the spermathecae (VII) and the forms of spermathecae, diverticula, and copulatory bursae. Pheretima bontocensis sp. nov. follows the same set of comparisons as P. riparianensis (see above) and is most similar to that new species.</p> <p>Pheretima bontocensis sp. nov. differs from P. riparianensis sp. nov. in having fewer setae per segment in XX, and slightly closer spacing of the openings of copulatory bursae (0.10 vs. 0.11 or 0.12). Pads in the copulatory bursae are also different, with P. riparianensis sp. nov. having a ring of small wedge-shaped pads, where P. bontocensis sp. nov. has but four wedge shaped pads. P. riparianensis sp. nov. is a slightly larger worm than P. bontocensis sp. nov. (75–105 vs. 68–83 mm).</p> <p>Like P. riparianensis sp. nov., the new species is most similar to P. floresi, P. baracatanensis and P. solisi. However, P. bontocensis sp. nov. has penes, but P. floresi, P. baracatanensis and P. solisi has no penes. Also the number of bursal pads are different (2 pads in P. floresi, 3 pads in P. baracatanensis, and 2 pads in P. solisi).</p> <p>Table 1 summarizes the characteristics and differences of the species in the Pheretima sangirensis group.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E0087D1FFF9FF82FF0AF96DFACFFC07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hong, Yong;James, Samuel W.	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2021): Two new earthworms of the Pheretima sangirensis species group (Clitellata Megascolecidae) from Mountain Province, Philippines. Zootaxa 4995 (2): 357-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4995.2.8
