taxonID	type	description	language	source
3D2187C5FFB0FF8F2AD0FA06FC7691FC.taxon	description	Female. Tenth tergite produced, apical margin irregular; supra-anal plate (Fig. 9 H) produced, tongue-like, cercus elongate, unarmed; subgenital plate broadly triangular, apex feebly indented, styles absent in all species. Ovipositor. Ovipositor much shorter than hind femur, strongly curved upwards, ventral margin minutely serrate. Colour. Overall colour green. Ventral margin of lateral pronotal lobe concolorous green or black with yellow. Tegmina often with small golden spots, some veins white, others green.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male. Labels. 1. “ Townsville, Queensland ”. 2. “ ANIC 14 - 008483 ”. Holotype (Fig. 3 A, B) deposited in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra in agreement with Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University. Type locality. There is no further information on the collection of the type. It seems unlikely that the specimen was collected in Townsville. It is more probable that it came from the mountainous region near Townsville, perhaps around Paluma. The specimens collected from Kuranda were from a simple to complex mesophyll to notophyll vine forest on moderately to poorly drained metamorphics (Regional Ecosystem 7.11.1 EPA, 2007). Differential diagnosis. The ventral margin of the pronotum is distinctive in both sexes in its armature and colour (Fig. 3 C, 4 A). This species is most closely related to C. angularis sp nov. based on this character and feature of the genitalia. The male cercus (Fig. 3 D) is unique in the lack of development of the external tooth and the reduced production of the male phallus (titillator). The female supra-anal plate is very prominent, about twice as long as broad and apically narrowed and then sub-truncate. General. A moderately large species with orange spots on the tegmina and a narrow yellow band on the anterior margin of each tegmen.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	description	Male. Head. Frons not appreciably concave when viewed laterally, surface smooth, genae not swollen. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 4 B, D) with a distinctive sulcus, narrowed at each end and with a tubercle on each side at base. Antennal scape well produced on internal margin, anterior margin of dorsal surface bearing a minute tooth. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin with 3 minute tubercles on each side and a single tubercle on each side caudal to those on the cephalic margin (Fig. 3 C, 4 C); lateral margin with a pair of teeth on each segment, the second tooth on the metanotum about half the size of the other; surface of disk cut by 2 undulating sulci continuous onto lateral lobe; lateral lobe with a single minute tubercle (Fig. 4 C) in the middle of the pro- and metanotum; ventral margin of lateral lobe with a continuous row of small tubercles, those in the region of the black stripe larger than the others. Thoracic auditory spiracle minutely circular. Sternum with prosternal processes not appreciably thickened, close-set and not abruptly narrowing apically. Mesosternum with anterior margin of plates not deeply divided, with teeth on each side and of uniform size. Metasternum with few or no tubercles. Legs. Fore coxa with a very elongate spine. Fore tibia with 4 spines on each side of ventral surface and an apical spine on each side. Middle tibia swollen in proximal one-third and armed with 4 spines in apical one-third on anterior margin and an apical spine, posterior margin with 3 spines and an apical spine. Hind tibia with a number of tooth-like spines on each margin of dorsal surface and no apical spine; ventral surface with 5 – 6 spines on each angle and a single apical spine on each side. Wings. Tegmen (Fig. 4 E, 20 A – B) extending well beyond middle of hind femur at rest (Fig. 4 B); apex blunt (Fig. 4 A, B, 20 A – B), anterior margin straight, posterior margin slightly concave proximally. Coastal field with an irregular row of large cells, with narrow, irregular cells along anterior margin; anterior margin with a thin yellow stripe; veins of tegmen light green. Wing with radius divided in apical third; cross-veins slightly emphasised by colour; stridulatory file (Fig. 4 F). Abdomen. Tenth tergite with cerci turned inwards, concealed on all dry-mounted specimens; caudal margin of tenth tergite not deeply incised; cercus robust (Fig. 3 D), slightly incurved, apical tooth short, robust about equal in length to internal tooth; subgenital plate shallowly incised (Fig. 4 G), lateral projections rather elongate; titillator (Fig. 4 J) weakly sclerotized and enclosed in a sheath. Female. Differs in considerably larger size (Table 1) and in following characters: metanotum with a small tubercle on each side in anterior region; caudal margin of disk minutely tuberculate and feebly incised in the middle; subgenital plate (Figs. 4 K, L) about as long as broad with a projection at base; apex tapering, acute with a shallow median incision. Ovipositor (Figs. 4 H, I) minutely serrated on ventral margin near the apex. Colour. Overall colour green with a number of orange spots on each tegmen (Figs. 4 A, B); anterior margin of tegmen yellow, this extending to apical quarter. Abdomen creamish white, ringed with green, this rather obscure. MAP 1. Known distributions for Ο Chloracantha lampra Hebard and • C. angularis Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: 16.48 ’ S 145.38 ’ E (GPS) QLD. Kuranda, 335 m (Top of the Range) 19 Butler Dr 1 – 15. i. 2011, 16 – 31. iii. 2011, 16 – 31. i. 2012, 16 – 31. i. 2010, 1 – 15. ii. 2014, 16 – 31. xii. 2011 (D. C. F. Rentz, 4 males, 2 females, ANIC). 17 o 19 ’ 36 ” S 145 o 47 ’ 52 ” E Wooroonooran Nat. Pk (Palmerston Hwy) (Mamu Canopy Walk), 357 m, 10. xii. 2011 (D. C. F. Rentz Stop 40, 1 male, ANIC). Fishery Falls, Nat. Pk., 16. i. 1995 (L. Ring, 2 males, ANIC). 17 o 25 ’ 53.26 ” S 145 o 51 ’ 33.64 ” E Josephine Falls, Nat. Pk, ca. 190 m, Wooroonooran Nat. Pk 10. xii. 1994, 12. xii. 1994 (L. Ring, 1 male, 1 female, ANIC); same locality, 8. ii. 1995 (L. Ring, 1 male, Cytol. prep. 95 - 13; Song recorded S- 909, ANIC). 17 o 28 ’ S 146 o 0 ’ E Garradunga, Polly Ck., nr Innisfail, 20. xii. 1990, 10. ii. 1990, 2. ii. 1995, 17. i. 1996, 15. i. 1997, 11. i. 1998, 20. ii. 1998, 26. xii. 2006, 20. i. 2007, 10. ii. 2007 (J. Hasenpusch, 5 males 7 females, ANIC, QMUS). Mt Bellenden Ker, xii. 1981 (K. Preston-Maffam, 1 male, ANIC). 17 o 18 ’ S 145 o 57 ’ E Babinda, Krukow Rd, 12. ii. 2012 (D. C. F. Rentz, G. Wilson, Stop 12 - 8, 2 males, ANIC). 17 o 20 ’ S 145 o 52 ’ E The Boulders, 6 km W. Babinda, 5. xi. 1973 (K. H. L. Key, 1 female, Key’s Field notes, trip 185, stop 57975.9, ANIC). Song. Fig. 22 A	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is fairly common on understorey shrubs and saplings along rainforest margins. Males often are carried on the backs of the much larger females (Fig. 2, Table 1). This behaviour has not been noted in other Australian tettigoniids but has been observed especially in the related C. garradunga sp. nov., and C. angularis sp. nov. This behaviour is not uncommon amongst some acridoids such as monistriine pyrgomorphs. Reasons for this pick-a-back behaviour are speculative but could be described as males defending their claim on a female for sexual purposes or using the much larger females to ferry them to food sources. Chloracantha angularis 1 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, sp. nov. Angular-winged Snub-nosed Katydid Figs. 5 A – D; 6 A – H; 20 C – D; 22 B – D; 25 A – E Table 2; Map 1	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male. Labels. 1. “ 17 o 07 ’ S 145 o 38 ’ E Mt Haig Rd, 10 km ENE of Tinaroo Dam wall, Atherton Tableland, 3 Febuary 1988, D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 14 ”. 2. “ Cytol. prep. 88 - 71 ”. 3. “ Song recorded S- 513 ”. 4. “ ANIC 14 - 008484 ”. Holotype (Fig. 5 A – D) deposited in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. Type locality. The type locality is a mixture of rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest. The type was collected along the rainforest margin on a low shrub. Differential diagnosis. The ventral margin of the pronotum is distinctive in its armature and colour (Figs. 6 B, C). It is most closely related to C. lampra based on this character. The male cercus is unique in its elongate shape and the projection of the external tooth (Fig. 6 D); the male phallus (titillator) (Fig. 6 E) is elongate and very weakly sclerotised. The margin of the plate of the mesothorax is weakly divided in the middle of the anterior margin, each side bearing a series of more or less uniform teeth along the margin. The female supra-anal plate is twice as broad as it is long, the apical margin evenly obtuse and smooth. General. A small, delicate species with golden spots on the tegmina.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	description	Male. Head Frons feebly concave when viewed laterally, surface smooth, genae not appreciably swollen. Fastigium of vertex narrowly triangular, not produced above antennal scrobes; surface with deep median sulcus. Antennal scape feebly produced on internal margin, anterior margin of dorsal surface with a minute tooth. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin with 3 minute tubercles on each side and a few placed in the middle (Fig. 5 C), lateral margin with 2 blunt teeth (Fig. 5 C) mesonotum with 2 blunt teeth laterally, metanotum with 2 teeth and a smaller, more blunt tooth on latero-posterior angle; lateral lobe with disk sulci continuous almost to ventral margin (Figs. 5 C, 6 C), pro- and metanotal surface of lateral lobe each with a small tubercle in the middle; posterior margin of metanotal region of lateral lobe with 3 minute tubercles positioned in median 1 / 3; ventral margin of lateral lobe minutely and irregularly serrate or tuberculate. Thoracic auditory spiracle minutely circular. Sternum with prosternal processes thickened, close-set, but abruptly narrowing apically. Mesosternum with anterior margin of plates divided and with a prominent tooth on each side, lateral margin evenly tuberculate, posterior margin with an acute projection internally. Metasternum with less prominent tubercles along margins. Legs. Fore coxa with an elongate spine. Fore tibia with a number of minute spines along both margins of ventral surface; apex armed with a minute spine on each side. Middle tibia armed with 3 – 4 minute spines on both margins of ventral surface; apex with a minute spine on each side. Hind tibia with approximately 13 minute spines on internal margin of dorsal surface, each separated by a number of stout setae, external margin with 5 – 6 minute tooth-like spines similarly separated by stout setae, apex unarmed; ventral surface with 6 spines on internal margin, 5 spines on external margin, apex with a single spine on each side. Wings. Tegmen (Fig. 6 B) extending to posterior fifth of hind femur at rest; apex acute, anterior margin straight, posterior margin weakly produced (Fig. 5 A, 20 C, D). Costal field produced with large cells, the accompanying veins white. Wing with radius divided in basal third; cross-veins emphasised by colour. Abdomen. Tenth tergite with cerci turned inwards and concealed on all dry-mounted specimens; caudal margin of tenth tergite not deeply incised; cercus slender, straight, external tooth straight (Fig. 6 D) about equal in length to that of apical tooth; supra-anal plate (Fig. 6 D) broadly triangular, apex obtuse, extending to apical quarter of cercus; subgenital plate shallowly incised, the lateral projections short, robust; titillator (Fig. 6 E) fused, base broad, apex broadly obtuse, very poorly sclerotised. Female. Differs in considerably larger size (Table 2) and following characters: metanotum with a small tubercle on each side in anterior region; tegmen (Fig. 6 B); wing with cross-veins less emphasised by colour; tenth tergite produced tongue-like, caudal margin smoothly obtuse; cercus elongate, slender directed posteriorly; subgenital plate about as broad as long, without projection at base, apex tapering and with a shallow median incision. Ovipositor with tip minutely serrate on ventral margin (Fig. 6 F, G). Colour. Overall colour green with variable number of orange or yellow orange spots on tegmina, variable in position; often one or more creamish irregular large white spots in middle of tegmen. All spotting bilaterally symmetrical. Abdomen ringed with purple, the intensity decreasing caudally. Specimens examined: Paratypes: Queensland: 15 o 53 ’ S 145 o 13 ’ E Mt Misery Rd, 730 m 1 – 3. i. 1991 (ANZSES Expedition, 1 male, QMUS). 15 o 48 ’ S 145 o 17 ’ E Mt Finnigan, 37 km S. Cooktown, 19 – 22. iv. 1982 (Monteith, D. Yeates, D. Cook, 1 male, QMUS). 17 o 26 ’ S 145 o 42 ’ E Hughes Rd, Topaz, 650 m, 4 – 5. xii. 1993 (G. Monteith, D. Cook, Janetszki, 1 male, QMUS). 17 o 02 S 145 o 37 E Davies Ck., (15 km from Kennedy Hwy) 1. iii. 1988 (D. C. F. Rentz, 1 male, Cytol. prep. 88 – 134, ANIC). 16 o 34 ’ S 145 o 16 ’ E Mt Lewis 8 km WNW of Julatten, 10. xii. 1985 (J. Balderson, 1 male collected as nymph, matured in laboratory, 15. i. 1986; Cytol. Prep. 86 - 10; Song Recorded S- 394, ANIC). Ca. 16 o 35 ’ S 145 o 17 ’ E Mt Lewis Rd., below gate, 25. i. 2014 (D. C. F. Rentz, G. Wilson, Stop 3, 1 male, ANIC). 17 o 02 ’ S 145 o 36 ’ E Davies Ck Rd., Lamb Ra., Dinden Nat. Pk. Kahlpahlim Trail, 15. ii. 2012 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop 12 - 9, 1 female, ANIC). 17 o 15 S 145 o 38 E Lake Barrine, Atherton Tableland, 28. i. 1988 (D. C. F. Rentz Stop A- 8, 1 male D. C. F. Rentz; Cytol. prep. 88 - 17; Song recorded S- 482; 2 females, one collected as nymph, matured 28. vi. 1988, ANIC); same locality 12. xii. 2007 (D. C. F. Rentz, D. T. Gwynne, stop 20, 1 female, ANIC). 17 o 43 ’ S 145 o 31 ’ E Koombooloomba Rd, Charmillin Walking Track, 19. i. 2009 (D. C. F. Rentz, 2 females, ANIC). 17 o 06 ’ S 145 o 37 ’ E Mt Haig Rd, 11 km NE of Tinaroo Dam wall, Atherton Tableland, 5. ii. 1988 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 15, 4 males 1 female, Cytol. preps. 88 - 34, - 35, - 75 - 121; Song recorded S- 528, - 561, ANIC). 17 o 05 ’ S 145 o 35 ’ E Mt Haig, 22 km NE by N. of Atherton, 16. iii. 1988 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 35, 1 female, ANIC). 17 o 17 ’ S 145 o 34 ’ E Curtain Fig, 2 km SSW. of Yungaburra, 21. i. 1988 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 2, 1 females, ANIC). 17 o 17 ’ S 145 o 38 ’ E Wright Ck., nr Lake Eacham, nr Atherton, 9. xii. 1985 (J. Balderson, 1 female, ANIC). 17 o 27 ’ S 145 o 28 ’ E Longlands Gap State For., (off Hwy 1), 1110 m, 8. i. 2011, (D. C. F. Rentz, B. Richardson Stop 2, 1 male, ANIC). Same locality, 30. i. 2012 (D. C. F. Rentz, B. Richardson, Stop 12 - 6, 1 male, ANIC). Upper Boulder Creek, 10 km N. of Tully, 800 m, 4 – 5. xii. 1989 (G. Monteith, G. Thompson. Janetski, 1 male, QMUS). 17 o 06 ’ S 145 o 37 ’ S GS 2 Mt Edith 1050 m, 4 – 31. v. 1995 (P. Zborowski, 1 male, ANIC). Other specimens: 16 o 35 ’ 75. ” S 145 o 21.75 ” E (GE) Kingfisher Park, Julatten, 423 m, 25. i. 2014 (D. C. F. Rentz, 1 last instar male (Fig. 6 H, photographed but not collected, not paratype). Measurements (in mm). Holotype male. Body w / wing 14.0; pronotum, length 3.4; pronotum, width 2.6; fore femur 7.8; middle femur 6.0; hind femur 12.3; tegmen length 11.0. Song. Figs. 22 B – D.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is the smallest known species in the tribe and is very delicate and slow moving. The antennae are extraordinarily elongate, perhaps ten times the length of the body when the antennae are intact. It lives in understorey vegetation as illustrated in Fig. 27 B. This species is common some years and rare in others. As noted previously, females lay eggs in dead wood. Cytology. Fig. 25 A – E. Chloracantha garradunga 2 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, sp. nov. Garradunga Snub-nosed Katydid Figs. 7, 8 A – H, 20 E, F; Table 3; Map 2	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male. Labels 1. “ 17 o 28 ’ S. 146 o 0 ’ E Qld. Garradunga, Polly Creek, nr Innisfail, 8. II. 1995, J Hasenpusch ”. 2. “ ANIC 14 - 008485 ”. Holotype deposited in the Australian National insect Collection, Canberra. Type locality. The type locality is a patch of secondary growth lowland rainforest with a considerable diversity of undergrowth shrubbery. Differential diagnosis. Great disparity in size between males and females as in Chloracantha lampra Hebard (Fig. 2). Ventral margin of pronotum not distinctive in armature, with a few scattered tubercles along its lower margin. Metasternum with large plates with edges irregularly tuberculate; anterior margin not divided. Male tenth tergite produced, with a narrow median incision. Male cercus similar to other species, concealed beneath posterior margin of tenth tergite, phallus represented as a weakly sclerotised triangular plate (Fig. 8 G); subgenital plate very elongate, extending well above tenth tergite at rest. Female supra-anal plate narrowly triangular, at least 3 times longer than broad. Ovipositor feebly tuberculate near tip.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	description	Male. Head. Frons generally smooth but surface feebly undulating, surface mostly straight when viewed laterally, genae not appreciably swollen. Fastigium of vertex relatively prominent (Fig. 8 A), but ending before the margin of antennal scrobes; surface with a deep sulcus with sides carinulate. Frontal fastigium replaced by median ocellus. Antennal scape not greatly swollen on internal margin, but carinate, anterior margin of dorsal surface lacking a minute tooth. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin truncate and with tubercles well beyond margin (Fig. 8 C); lateral margin with 3 blunt teeth; mesonotum with 2 larger teeth, metanotum with 2 more prominent teeth followed by 3 – 4 smaller, tubercle-like teeth (Fig. 8 C); surface of disk cut by 2 sulci, the first sulcus straight, that of mesonotum undulating, disk with multiple small tubercles but those on the anterior portion of disk more concentrated, caudal margin of disk smooth, convex; lateral lobe with dorsal sulci continued, parallel and often connected ventrally but not to ventral margin; pro-, meso- and metanotal surface of lateral lobe each with a few scattered minute tubercles; ventral margin of lateral lobe poorly defined, not raised, undulating and with a few tubercles on margin. Thoracic auditory spiracle minutely circular. Sternum with prosternal processes close-set, acute, broad basally, apex blunt; mesosternal process strongly cup-shaped, not incised anteriorly, margins irregularly minutely tuberculate; metasternum process broadly cup-shaped, low, posterior margin deeply incised, not incised anteriorly, margins smooth, not tuberculate. Legs. Fore coxa bearing an elongate spine. Fore femur distinctly bowed. Fore tibia armed ventrally with many short spines along both margins, apex armed with a minute spine on each side, scarcely larger than adjacent spines. Middle tibia slightly expanded in basal quarter, unspined dorsally but bearing a number of minute setae near apex on posterior surface; ventral surface spinal pattern similar to that of fore tibia, apex with a minute spine on each side. Hind tibia armed on dorsal surface with approximately 20 spines on each side, apex without apical spines; ventral surface with a similar number of much longer spines, mostly concentrated in apical quarter, apex with a single spine on each side. Wings. Tegmen (Figs. 20 E, F) extending to apical third of hind femur at rest; apex acute, anterior margin straight to feebly obtuse, posterior margin evenly feebly obtuse. Costal field bearing large, irregular, connected pentagonal cells. Wing with radius divided nearly at its base, then subsequently divided; stridulatory region poorly defined (Fig. 8 B). Abdomen. Tenth tergite produced (Figs. 8 D), shallowly incised in the middle; phallus triangular (Fig. 8 G); subgenital plate (Fig. 8 E, F) very elongate, shallowly incised apically, the lateral projections rather robust. Female. Differs from male in its extraordinarily larger size (Table 3, Fig. 7) and following characters: tegmen (Fig. 20 F) with 4 – 5 veins extending posteriorly from main veins, a series of large, closed cells emanating from each of these veins and all interconnected; supra-anal plate very elongate, about 2.5 to 3 times as long as broad, apex obtuse; cercus elongate, slender, directed caudad; subgenital plate a little longer than broad, with a prominent obtuse projection laterally in the middle, apex rather blunt and shallowly incised. Ovipositor minutely tuberculate near apex. Egg. Flat, disk-like eggs are apparently laid in dead wood or cracks in bark (Fig. 8 H). Colour. Colour in life green, frons greenish yellow. Tegmen without spots, veins slightly darker than cells. Abdomen greenish yellow, each tergite ringed with purple. Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: 17 o 00 ’ S 145 o 50 ’ E Pine Ck (nr CSIRO tower) 111 km SE by S. of Cairns, 8. iii. 1988 D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 18, 2 females in Malaise trap, ANIC). 17 o 28 ’ S 146 o 0 ’ E Garradunga, Polly Ck., nr Innisfail, 7. xii. 1992, 27. xi. 1993, 18. i. 1994, 16. x. 1994, 26. x. 1994, 14. i. 1995, 18. i. 1995, 25. i. 1995, 27. i. 1995, 7. ii. 1995, 28. ii. 1995, 28. x. 1995, 11. xii. 1997, 2. i. 1998, 7. i. 1998, 7. ii. 1998, 12. ii. 1998, 15. iii. 1998, 23. xi. 2000, 19. ii. 2006, 6. i. 2006, 26. ii. 2006, 19. xi. 2006, 20. xi. 2006, 2. xii. 2006, 8. i. 2007, 16. i. 2007, 19. i. 2007, 21. i. 2007, 12. i. 2008, 24. i. 2007, (J. Hasenpusch, 15 males, 22 females, ANIC). 16 o 48 ’ S 145 o 38 ’ E (GPS) Kuranda, 335 m (Top of the Range) 19 Butler Dr, 1 – 15. iii. 2003, 15 – 31. iii. 2003, 15 – 30. iv. 2003, 15 – 30. xii. 2003, 1 – 15. xii. 2004, 1 – 15. ii. 2007, 16 – 28. ii. 2007, 16 – 31. i. 2008, 1 – 15. xii. 2007, 16 – 31. i. 2010, 1 – 15. i. 2012, 16. iv. 2012 (D. C. F. Rentz. 11 males, 1 female, ANIC). Kuranda, 23. i. 1982 (W. N. B. Quick, 1 male, ANIC). 16 o 47 ’ S 145 o 35 ’ E 25 Cadagi Dr, Russet Park, 313 m, iv. 2011 (P. Shanahan, 1 female, ANIC). Green Forest Rd, Kuranda N. Q., 19. ii. 2006 (R. Rogers, 1 female, ANIC).	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species is unlike the others in the genus with the armature of the surface of the pronotum, the spination of the legs and the pitted aspect of the head. It does resemble the others, especially C. lampra, in the minute size of the female subgenital plate and the reduced armature of the tip of the ovipositor. MAP 2. Known distribution for Chloracantha garradunga Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. Chloracantha hilleri 3 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, sp. nov. Hiller’s Snub-nosed Katydid Figs. 9 A – I, 20 G, H; Table 4; Map 3	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male. Labels. 1. “ Mt Glorious 635 m, rainforest, 22 km NW of Brisbane, S. E. Qld. light Feb. 1985 Anthony Hiller Coll. ”. 2. “ ANIC 14 - 008486 ”. Holotype deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. Type locality. The type series was collected on low shrubbery along the rainforest margin. Differential diagnosis. This new species is very distinctive in size and morphology. The fastigium of the vertex (Fig. 9 A) bears converging carinae laterally with a distinct tubercle basally. The armature of the pronotum is reduced (Fig. 9 B) compared to the other species but the sternum bears short, divergent prosternal processes similar to those in T. spininota gen. et sp. nov. p. 24; the meso- and metasternal plates are cup-like and unarmed on their margins (Fig. 9 E). The shape of the tegmen (Figs. 20 G, H) in both sexes is proportionately broader than in the other species and the development of the male tenth tergite is unlike that of any other known species in the genus. The broad incision of the male tenth tergite is distinctive as is the shallow incision of the male subgenital plate. The female bears a minute subgenital plate with a small median incision. The ovipositor is unarmed (Fig. 9 H). The overall colour of the species is green with no distinctive colour spots on the tegmina. The holotype bears vague white spots in the centre of each cell on the tegmina. General. A moderately large species with distinctive markings and known only from Mt Glorious.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	description	Male. Head. Frons mostly smooth, surface shining, but with indistinct minute sulci, profile slightly concave when viewed laterally, genae not swollen. Fastigium of vertex prominent, not exceeding margin of antennal scrobes but extending to middle of antennal scape and bearing lateral carinae (Fig. 9 A) with a tubercle on each side at base. Frontal fastigium poorly indicated, triangular in outline and enclosing median ocellus. Antennal scape not swollen on internal margin and bearing a minute tooth on dorsal surface. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin slightly projecting in the middle and not armed with tubercles along the edge; posterior margin evenly obtuse and not armed; surface of disk with 2 blunt teeth laterally on pronotum, meso- and metanota with 2 blunt teeth on each; surface of disk with minute tubercles; surface of disk cut by 2 nearly straight transverse sulci and a poorly indicated median sulcus; lateral lobe with surface cut by the two sulci which are parallel, surface with a few scattered tubercles, mostly concentrated in ventral cephalic region, anterior margin concave and with a few scattered tubercles, posterior margin feebly concave and with 2 – 3 minute tubercles. Thoracic auditory spiracle minutely circular. Sternum with prosternal processes short, stout, apically divergent; mesosternal processes plate or cup-like, margins not armed, posterior margin deeply incised; metasternal process broadly cup-shaped, lateral margins feebly undulating, posterior margin deeply incised medially. Legs. Fore coxa bearing an elongate spine. Fore femur quadrate in cross section, unarmed, genicular lobe unarmed. Fore tibia armed ventrally with 17 spines on anterior margin, one apical in position, posterior margin with 11 spines, one apical in position. Middle femur subcylindrical; genicular lobes unarmed. Middle tibia armed ventrally on anterior margin with 14 spines, one apical in position, posterior margin with 14 spines, one apical in position. Hind femur elongate, not greatly expanded basally, ventral surface unarmed; genicular lobes unarmed. Hind tibia quadrate in cross section, dorsal surface armed on both margins with several short spines, none apical in position, ventral surface with many more elongate spines on both sides, a single spine on each side apical in position. Wings. Tegmen (Figs. 20 G, H) extending to apical half of hind femur at rest; apex subacute, anterior margin straight; hind margin evenly convex; right stridulatory area (Fig. 9 C) with elongate mirror; left tegmen with stridulatory area moderately well defined, mirror elongate with weak pattern of veins laterally. Hind wing with Cu, Rs, and M nearly parallel, the M diverging and with 2 principal branches. Anterior portion of tegmen darkened and distinct from the remainder. Costal field with large number of very irregularly shaped cells. Wing with anterior portion darkened, venation well developed. Abdomen. Tenth tergite (Fig. 9 F) produced, with a broad shallow median incision. Cercus short, stout, tooth apical in position; supra-anal plate about 1.5 – 2 x as long as broad, apex obtuse, surface sparsely setose. Titillator (Fig. 9 G) broadly triangular, base broad, apex acute. Tenth tergite apex shallowly incised. Female. Differs from male in size but disparity not as great as in other species. (Table 4). Tenth tergite very broad; supra-anal plate elongate, about 2.5 x as long as broad, apex acute. Tegmen with Rs with 4 veins extending diagonally from middle of tegmen with a series of large regular cells at base, becoming smaller and more irregular near posterior margin of tegmen. Colour. Colour generally uniformly green (Fig. 9 I), anterior portion of hind wing distinctly darker green than the rest. Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: Mt Glorious, 635 m, 11. i. 1973, 27. i. 1979, vii. 1985 A. Hiller, 1 male, 2 females (ANIC, QMUS).	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is one of a number of tettigoniid species, such as Diastella hilleri Rentz, Su, Ueshima that occur in the Mt Glorious area. It is distinctive and doubtlessly occurs elsewhere but to date is known only from the type locality. MAP 3. Known distributions for ♦ Tallebudgeroptera spininota Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. and • C. hilleri Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. Tallebudgeroptera 4 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, gen. nov. Spiny Snub-nosed Katydids Type species: Tallebudgeroptera spininota Rentz, Su, Ueshima, gen. et sp. nov., here designated. This species is so distinctive that it cannot be placed in any recognised genus. It is related to Chloracantha on the basis of its overall body shape and shape of its tegmen (Fig. 20 M). The armature of the pronotum is the key to its placement (Fig. 10 A). The posterior margin of the disk is heavily spinose, a condition not shared with any other species in the Australian Simoderini. This genus and species is known only from females. Differential diagnosis. Females. Overall body shape similar to Chloracantha species. Females have the tegmina shaped similar to those of Narea elongata. The antennae are not thickened as they are in Narea species. The supra-anal plate is roundly tongue-shaped (Fig. 10 G). The ovipositor is robust and minutely, irregularly serrate dorsally (Fig. 10 H) and the subgenital plate is minute (Figs. 10 E, F). General. Body robust, not delicate, of moderate to large size for tribe. Males unknown. Females with distinctive tegmina (Fig. 20 M), apically acute. Ovipositor thick and heavy, minute, irregularly serrate subapically on dorsal margin (Figs. 10 H, I). Head. Head narrow when viewed dorsally, well seated in pronotum, strongly slanting in lateral aspect; frons feebly undulating, bulging slightly below fronto-clypeal suture. Fastigium of frons represented as a minute, low linear carina at the base of the antennal scrobes and with a minute tubercle (median ocellus) on its ventral margin; fastigium of vertex (Fig. 10 A) short, triangular and with a deep sulcus in the middle and with a minute tubercle (lateral ocellus) at its base on each side. Eyes positioned high on head, moderately bulging, horizontally depressed. Antennal scrobes prominent, pedicel with a swelling on internal surface; occiput smooth, without sculpture, feebly tumid. Thorax. Pronotum with surface flat (Fig. 10 A), regularly pitted, surface cut by two sulci, the posterior sulcus forming a distinctive “ V ” in the middle; anterior margin of disk straight, without teeth or tubercles, posterior margin distinctively spiked (Fig. 10 A); lateral margins of disk with 2 heavy spikes on pro- and mesozona, metazona with 3 larger spikes laterally; lateral lobes with margins smooth, unarmed (Fig. 10 B). Thoracic auditory spiracle minute, elongate, not concealed by pronotum. Sternum with prosternum armed with a pair of elongate, slightly divergent spikes (Fig. 10 D); mesosternum with cup-like lobe, the margins minutely serrate, metasternum with margins smooth (Fig. 10 D). Legs. Legs elongate, slender. Fore coxa armed with a short, stout spine; fore femur slender, carinate on all margins, dorsally smooth, unspined, genicular lobes armed with a robust spine on each margin. Fore tibia elongate, very slender, carinate on all margins, dorsal surface unarmed, ventral surface armed on both margins with a few scattered spines, apex with a small spine on each side; tympanum open and of similar size on each side (Fig. 10 C). Middle femur short, gently arching, unarmed on both surfaces; genicular lobes armed with a stout spine on each side; middle tibia quadrate, carinate on both surfaces, slightly swollen basally, dorsal surface unarmed, ventral surface armed with a number of spines on each margin, apex with a small spine on each side. Hind femur very elongate, only slightly swollen basally, armed only on outer ventral margin with stout tooth-like spines, emphasized by colour; genicular lobes armed on both margins with a single stout spine; hind tibia elongate, carinate on both surfaces, slightly swollen basally, dorsal surface armed on both margins with relatively elongate spines, ventral surface armed with a smaller number of more slender spines; apex of ventral surface with a pair of spurs, only slightly longer than adjacent spines, dorsal surface unarmed apically. Wings. Tegmina reaching well beyond apex of abdomen, tegminal venation (Fig. 20 M) with costal field with irregular cells; costa, if present, very faintly indicated; median and radius parallel for near their entire length and diverging apically. Media Anterior vein most prominent, with regular veins and cells dorsally and ventrally. Hind wing with costa well developed, diverging cephalically apically, subcosta and radius parallel for nearly their entire length. Abdomen. (Female) Tenth tergite appearing indented; supra-anal plate (Fig. 10 G) tongue-shaped; cercus short, conical, about ¾ the length of supra-anal plate; subgenital plate (Figs. 10 E, F) disproportionally small compared to size of insect, produced on each side at base. Ovipositor (Figs. 10 H) short, robust, feebly serrated subapically on dorsal margin (Fig. 10 I). Colour. Overall colour dark green. Most of the original colour is changed due to preservation. Pronotal spikes yellow with tips dark brown. Outer surface of femora appear to have had a brown longitudinal stripe in life. Tallebudgeroptera spininota 5 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, gen. et sp. nov. Tallebudgera Spiny Snub-nose Figs. 10 A – I, 20 M; Table 5; Map 3	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype female. “ Mt Cougal Upper Tallebudgera Ck S. E. QLD 500 m 7 Mar. 1988 G. B. Monteith ”. Holotype in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland. Type locality. The collector, G. B. Monteith reports (in litt.) that the type locality is rainforest and Mt Cougal is a rocky pinnacle on the spine of a ridge which runs from the Springbrook Plateau down to the coast behind Coolangatta on the Gold Coast. The border between NSW and Qld actually runs along the same ridge so Cougal is right on the border, and the track to walk to Mt Cougal runs beside the border fence. The katydid was found in adjacent rainforest. Differential diagnosis. Known only from females. Pronotum with very elongate spines on lateral margin; ventral margin of lateral lobe smooth, with 1 – 2 minute tubercles or no tubercles at all. Prosternal tubercles widely spaced, divergent. Mesosternum with plates very broad, only feebly notched along cephalic margin; metasternum with plates not defined. Tenth tergite with supra-anal plate tongue-like, about 1.5 x as long as broad, apex obtuse; cercus tapering but apically bent, directed inwards. Subgenital plate minute, with shallow, broad median incision. Ovipositor minutely tuberculate, serrulate on dorsal margin near tip. Locality Length Length Width Length Length Length Length Length Body Pronotum Pronotum Fore femur Middle femur Hind femur Tegmen Ovipositor Females Holotype 27.5 9.6 7.8 14.0 11.1 27.2 36.5 16.3 Paratopotypes 13. i. 1988 26.5 9.1 7.4 13.0 10.7 24.9 33.2 - 16. ii. 1986 31.7 9.8 8.0 12.8 11.2 25.1 35.9 15.8 Female. Head. Frons generally smooth but with low undulations; genae minutely and uniformly pitted, somewhat swollen. Fastigium of vertex prominent, ending before margin of antennal scrobes; surface with a deep elongate sulcus, the sides carinulate. Frontal fastigium minute but well defined and with a minute tubercle at base. Antennal scape elongate, anterior margin with a minute, hook-like tooth. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin truncate, without armament; lateral margin (Fig. 10 A) with 2 blunt spiniform teeth; mesonotum with a similar pair of teeth; metanotum with 3 spines, the posterior spine very elongate relative to the others; surface of disk minutely and uniformly pitted and tuberculate, cut by 2 shallow, thin sulci, the second sulcus concave in the middle (Fig. 10 A); lateral lobe with anterior margin straight, with a few minute tubercles ventrally (Fig. 10 B), posterior margin ascending caudad, ventral margin undulating and with a few tubercles near cephalic angle; caudal margin with a series of irregular spines and tubercles. Thoracic auditory spiracle minutely circular or crescentic in shape. Sternum with prosternal processes widely separated, divergent, apices sharp; mesosternal processes feebly cup-shaped, margins minutely serrate; metasternum with plates not modified at all. Legs. Fore legs very elongate; coxa bearing a minute spine, scarcely discernable. Fore femur feebly bowed, dorsal and ventral surfaces unarmed but each with distinct carinae on anterior and posterior margins, genicular lobe armed on anterior margin with an elongate spine. Fore tibia unarmed dorsally, ventral surface armed on anterior margin with 11 minute spines, one apical in position and only slightly longer than the others, posterior margin armed with 10 similar spines. Middle femur subcylindrical, unarmed on dorsal surface, ventral surface usually unarmed but often with 1 – 2 stout tooth-like spines near apex; genicular lobe armed with an elongate tooth on anterior margin. Middle tibia quadrate, basal portion swollen, dorsal surface unarmed, ventral surface armed on each margin with 10 minute spines, one apical in position and slightly longer than the others. Hind femur very elongate, not very much expanded basally; ventral surface armed on external margin with 9 – 10 stout tooth-like spines, internal margin unarmed, genicular lobe of outer margin bearing a stout spine. Hind tibia armed on dorsal surface with 15 – 17 spines on each margin, none apical in position; ventral surface with 9 – 11 spines on each margin and with an elongate apical spine on each side. Wings. Tegmen (Fig. 20 M) extending just beyond apex of hind femur at rest; apex acute, anterior margin strongly bowed (similar to the Madagascan Lonchitophyllum reticulatum (Brunner), see Eades et al. 2014), posterior margin almost straight. Costal field (Fig. 20 M) with a series of diagonal veins emanating from radius and almost extending to anterior margin, enclosing 3 or more irregular cells; radius branching apically. Wing with main veins strong, undivided. Abdomen. Tenth tergite unspecialised, supra-anal plate well indicated, elongate, about 1.5 x as long as broad, apex evenly obtuse; subgenital plate (Figs. 10 E, F) minute, apex shallowly incised; cercus elongate, conical, apex distinctly directed inwards. Ovipositor minutely serrate on dorsal margin near apex. Colour. Overall colour dark green. Tegmen without any suggestion of spots. Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: Tallebudgera Ck., 16. iii. 1986 (D. Cook, 1 female, QMUS). Tallebudgera Valley, 13. i. 1988 (D. Cook, 1 female on tree fern leaf, QMUS).	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFB3FF902AD0F89EFC94965C.taxon	discussion	Comments. This distinctive genus and species is known only from the type series. The extraordinary armature of the pronotum in unknown for any other member of the tribe.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFACFF932AD0FEEBFB1D9375.taxon	description	Female. Tenth tergite highly distinctive with supra-anal plate broad at base but extending caudad and protruding well beyond anus; cercus very short, stout, conical, subgenital plate quadrate, lateral margins carinate, slightly “ cupped ”, apex produced feebly in the middle, obtuse or elongate, surface smooth, apex with shallow Vshaped median incision, depending on species. Ovipositor very elongate, heavy (Fig. 12 K). dorsal margin smooth or with minute subapical serrations. Colour. Overall colour dark green, legs reddish brown (Fig. 11). Pronotum green or brown, lateral margins often light creamish yellow. Tegmina uniformly green, veins darker. Tegmina lacking any spots.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFAFFF972AD0FBFFFCB69456.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. There is no further data on the collection of the type series of N. compacta. The type series consists of two males in good condition but darkened in colour due to age and poor preservation. The left hind leg is missing on the lectotype. The antennae are heavy as is characteristic for Narea species. Comparison of the figures provided on the OSF and the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin websites leave little doubt as to the synonymy of the two taxa. Curiously we have not collected this species during the course of this investigation nor is it represented in any of the collections studied by us. It is similar in some respects to the new species described below but the proportions of the male tegmen are quite different between the two taxa, see Table 6. In N. compacta the tegmen length to width ratio is 2.5. In N. kungaree, sp. nov., the ratio is 3.2 – 3.5. In addition the venation is decidedly different, compare Eades et al. (2014) with Figs. 11. The entry in the Registry in the Natural History Museum, London, number 58 – 124 for N. compacta records “ Sidney and Moreton Bay ” as the localities for the types. It also states that they were collected by Edward Dåmel and bought by Samuel Stevens. ” The two localities are separated by great distance and several mountain ranges and the Moreton Bay record (Brisbane) seems incorrect. The occurrence of other Narea species in the vicinity of the Jenolan Caves and the south coast of New South Wales suggests that they came from the vicinity of Sydney. No additional material of these taxa has been seen by us. However, colleague Roger Farrow photographed a male (Fig. 11) of what could be this species at 3 km south of Big Badja Hill on the Badja Fire trail in Deua National Park, NSW. The specimen was not collected and appears different from N. kungaree sp. nov., a species known from few specimens from the north of the Deua National Park. It may also have been an individual of the species described below. Narea kungaree 6 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, sp. nov. Kungaree Snub-nose Figs. 12 A – L, 20 I, J; Table 6; Map 4 Holotype male. Labels 1. “ Durras North nr. Batemans Bay, N. S. W. January 1982. H. M. Cameron ”. 2. “ ANIC 14 - 008487 ”. Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. Type locality. The type locality is typical coastal mixed wet sclerophyll woodland. There is no information on the actual collection of the holotype. Differential diagnosis. The elongate, slender tegmen coupled with its rounded or obtuse apex is highly distinctive of this species. In addition the MA vein of the tegmen is very prominent in this species, whereas it is very poorly, if at all defined in N. compacta, compare Figs. 12 A – L. This species seems closer to N. compacta than N. elongata based on these characters and the structure of the male genitalia. The male cercus is uniquely short and compact and directed inwards. Unfortunately, we have no males of N. elongata with which to compare this character. Females of N. kungaree, sp nov. are very distinct from those of N. elongata in size (Table 6), shape of tegmen (Fig. 12 A, 20 I) and shape of the subgenital plate (Figs. 12 H, I). The ovipositor of this species is more slender and relatively shorter than in N. elongata (see Table 6). General. A small slender species, smallest known for the genus, with a distinctively elongate tegmen with an obtuse apex in both sexes.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFAFFF972AD0FBFFFCB69456.taxon	description	Male. Head. Frons not concave when viewed laterally, surface smooth, not shining, genae not at all swollen. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 12 B) triangular, with a relatively deep median furrow and lateral carinae with a low tubercle at base. Antennal scape elongate, twice as long as broad, without ornamentation; pedicel and flagellum very heavy. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin straight to feebly obtuse, without tubercles; prozona with surface sparsely, regularly tuberculate, laterally with 3 teeth, the anterior two smaller than the posterior (Fig. 12 B); junction between prozona and mesozona with a straight, shallow transverse sulcus; mesozona with surface similarly sparsely and uniformly tuberculate, median carina faintly indicated and a minute “ A ” shaped impression anteriorly; junction between mesozona and metazona with an undulating shallow sulcus, somewhat “ V ” shaped in the middle; metazona uniformly tuberculate, the tubercles more numerous and much denser in the apical portion of the segment, lateral margins with 2 large teeth followed by 1 – 3 much smaller teeth. Lateral lobe of pronotum sparsely tuberculate and bearing 3 distinctive sulci (Fig. 12 C), anterior and posterior margins oblique, the posterior margin bearing a few tubercles; ventral margin straight, tuberculate. Thoracic auditory spiracle elongate, almost concealed. Sternum with prosternal processes flattened triangular (Fig. 12 F), apically feebly divergent; meso- and metasterna with plate unadorned and relatively shallow (Figs. 12 D). Legs. Fore coxa with a very minute spine (Fig. 12 E). Fore tibia unarmed dorsally and with many small spines on both margins of the ventral surface, one apical on each side. Middle tibia unarmed dorsally but carinate on each margin, ventral surface armed on each margin with many small spines, those on the anterior margin much more numerous than those on the posterior, a slightly larger apical spine on each side. Hind tibia armed on dorsal surface with many small spines, those on the internal margin much more numerous than those on the outer; ventral surface sparsely armed on both margins with a few small spines, apex with a small spine on each side. Wings. Tegmen (Figs. 20 I, J; 12 G) extending slightly beyond apex of hind femur at rest; apex rounded, anterior margin generally straight but feebly arching apically, posterior margin slightly indented in the middle. Costal field with elongate, mostly quadrate cells all slanting caudally, central portion of cells opaque, veins green. Wing with costa and subcosta parallel for nearly their entire length, radius furcating nearly at base; cross veins light brown. Abdomen. Tenth tergite (Figs. 12 H, I) with cercus very short, stout, less than 1.5 times as long as basal width, apex strongly incurved and bearing a stout but apically acute tooth; caudal margin of tenth tergite indented but not deeply; supra-anal plate (Fig. 12 I) very elongate, slender. Titillator (Fig. 12 J) with arms joined, apically clothed in unsclerotised sheath, apex acute, unsclerotised. Subgenital plate (Fig. 12 I) short, stout, apex with a shallow Vshaped median incision. Female. Differs considerably in much larger size (Table 6) and following characters: Surface of pronotum more sparsely tuberculate; teeth of lateral margins shorter, more robust; tegmina and wings much more prominent, extending well beyond apex of hind femur at rest. Abdomen with supra-anal plate well developed, ovoid but apex acute; cercus elongate, slender; subgenital plate quadrate, with median carina, lateral margins raised, posterior margin feebly indented. Ovipositor (Fig. 12 K) very robust, serrate subapically on dorsal margin (Fig. 12 L). Specimens examined. Paratypes: New South Wales: Moodong Ck., 20 km S. of Major’s Ck, 25. ii. 1979 (E. D. Edwards, 1 male, ANIC). Parker’s Gap, 8 km SE. of Captain’s Flat, 22. ii. 1956 (M. J. D. White, 1 female, ANIC). 11.2 km W. of Rosebank, 518 m, 8. xi. 1961 (I. F. B. Common, M. S. Upton, 1 second instar male, ANIC). Victoria: 37 O 51 ’ S. 145 O 45 ’ E Powelltown i. 1971 (Forest Communities Prog. Aerial spraying, 2 females, 2 female nymphs, ANIC, MUSV). 6 km SSE of Powelltown, 6. iv. 1961 (K. L Taylor, Z. Mazanec, 1 male 3 females, ANIC). Tarago River, 12 km SE. of Powellton, 28. ii. 1962 (Z. Mazanec, 1 female, ANIC).	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFAFFF972AD0FBFFFCB69456.taxon	discussion	Comments. A small species that seems to be very uncommon. The shape of the tegmina and the details of the male and female genitalia distinguish it from other Narea species.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFABFFA92AD0FCF0FACC9002.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. No precise locality other than “ Australia ” is known. Description based on three females from near Jenolan Caves, NSW. Differential diagnosis. Female (male unknown). Head with antennae strongly thickened, especially at base (Fig. 13 A); surface of pronotum sparsely tuberculate, anterior margin feebly obtuse, with a few tubercles along margin, posterior margin broadly V-shaped, not bearing tubercles; pro- and mesonota each with a pair of stout teeth, metanotum with 2 large and 1 small teeth; lateral lobe with anterior margin oblique and bearing a few minute tubercles, posterior margin nearly straight and unarmed, ventral margin straight but uneven and bearing a few minute tubercles. Supra-anal plate (Fig. 13 F) very elongate, without median carina, apex with a shallow V-shaped median incision. Ovipositor (Fig. 13 I) massive, much longer than length of hind femur (Table 1), serrated subapically on dorsal margin. General. A relatively large species (Table 6) with characteristic apically pointed tegmina. The armature of the pronotum should serve to distinguish it from Tallebudgeroptera spininota, a species with similarly apically acute tegmina.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFABFFA92AD0FCF0FACC9002.taxon	description	Female. Head. Frons smooth, not undulating or swollen, genae not at all swollen. Fastigium of vertex triangular, surface deeply sulcate, lateral margins carinulate or minutely tuberculate (Figs. 13 A, B). Frontal fastigium narrowly acute, median ocellus obscure. Antennal scape thickened, with a low tooth apically (Figs. 13 A, C); pedicel about 1 / 3 length of scape; flagellum greatly thickened. Thorax. Pronotum with anterior margin straight, with a few tubercles (Fig. 13 A), posterior margin broadly Vshaped, without tubercles; surface of disk sparsely tuberculate, prozona with a pair of stout teeth on each margin, the first tooth much smaller than all others on the disk, mesozona with a pair stout teeth; surface of disk cut by 2 sulci (Fig. 13 A), anterior sulcus straight, shallow, posterior sulcus depressed in middle and feebly undulating, the sulci continuing onto lateral lobes, parallel and shallow; lateral lobe sparsely tuberculate (Fig. 13 B), ventral margin irregular, minutely tuberculate. Thoracic auditory spiracle ovoid, directed posteriorly. Sternum with prosternal processes close-set elongate; mesosternal lobes (Fig. 13 H) strongly cup-shaped, margins crenulate; metasternum broadly cup-shaped, its margins smooth. Legs. Fore coxa with an elongate spine. Fore femur not bowed, quadrate in outline, margins carinate, posterior margin minutely crenulate; ventral surface unarmed on both margins (Fig. 13 E); fore tibia quadrate in outline, dorsally and ventrally carinate, ventral surface armed on both margins with a series of small spines, one on each side apical in position. Middle femur similar to fore femur but armed ventrally on anterior margin with a few minute tooth-like spines apically; middle tibia dorsally sulcate, unarmed, ventral surface armed on each side with a series of minute spines, one on each side apical in position. Hind femur slightly swollen basally, surface carinate on both margins and slightly sulcate, ventral surface bearing a series of small spines on each margin towards the apex; hind tibia quadrate in outline and carinate on each margin, dorsal surface bearing a series of elongate spines on each side but ending well before apex, ventral surface with a similar series of spines but extending to apex with one spine on each side apical in position. All genicular lobes unarmed. Wings. Tegmen at rest extending well beyond apex of abdomen and hind femur; apex acute, tip directed dorsally at rest; anterior margin broadly and evenly obtuse, posterior margin straight. Costal field with principal veins oblique, cells very irregular (Fig. 13 D, 20 K, L). Abdomen. Supra-anal plate (Fig. 13 F) elongate; cercus conical, not distinctive; subgenital plate large, slightly curved, apex shallowly incised (Fig. 13 G). Ovipositor (Fig. 13 I) massive, straight, dorsal margin armed subapically with tubercles and serrations. Colour. Colour somewhat faded due to age and preservation but overall colour assumed to be dark greenish grey with antennae and tarsi reddish brown, perhaps simulating eucalypt stems. Specimens examined. New South Wales: Jenolan Caves, 7. xii. 1954 (1 female nymph, K. H. L. Key, ANIC), 3.2 km SW of Jenolan Caves, 7. xii. 1954 (K. H. L. Key, 11945. 2, site 2; 2 females, collected as nymphs, reared to maturity in laboratory, ANIC) (1 female, without locality, W. W. Froggatt Collection, ANIC).	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FFABFFA92AD0FCF0FACC9002.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is the largest and most striking known species of Narea. It is odd that it has not been encountered in recent years. The Frontispiece is a watercolour with doubtlessly this species painted probably by George Raper prior to 1800. An important clue to the distribution of this species rests with the source of his other subjects in the painting. They may have come from natural areas around Sydney that are now devloped and, as a result, the katydid no longer may be there. If it existed in the Sydney area, natural habitats around National Park and south Sydney may still harbour populations of N. elongata. It has been found at Jenolan Caves but this site was unknown at the time the painting was made so the type was not collected there. See Fig. 27 C for another potential site for the species. MAP 4. Known distributions for ⋅ Narea kungaree Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. and ˔ N. elongata (Brunner).	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF94FFAB2AD0FF03FC24951B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Mastigaphoides haffneri Weidner by original designation. Mastigaphoides has been confused with Mastighapha for many years because the types of both genera had not been studied and their similarities and differences had not been assessed. There is no doubt about the association of these names now. Mastighapha is a synonym of Narea (see p. 26). Mastigaphoides comprises four species. All Mastigaphoides species live in rainforest understorey vegetation. Mastigaphoides katydids have a very characteristic appearance and are easy to recognise. The resemblance of the tegmina to leaves is remarkable and probably conveys protection from predators. The katydids perch, during the day, exposed on leaf surfaces in a distinctive stance (Fig. 1). After dark they are active and can be observed feeding and calling from shrubbery in the forest understory. Differential diagnosis. Male / Female. In overall body shape Mastigaphoides species are easily recognised and should not be confused with any other Australian genus. Males are usually much smaller than the females and have a very well defined stridulatory area. The shape of the apex of the tegmen in both sexes is diagnostic. The armature of the pronotum is reduced and is little more than a series of crenulations or tubercles. In this respect Mastigaphoides resembles both Wattenwyliella and Lonchitophyllum species which are from Madagascar. In most other important characters, Mastigaphoides is very different from these genera. General. Sexes strongly dimorphic in size (Table 6). Body cylindrical, slender, wholly concealed by tegmina and wings; tegmina of both sexes quite similar; apex of tegmen surpassing apex of hind femur considerably at rest. Ovipositor falciform, heavy, unarmed, in length shorter than seen in other Australian simoderine genera.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF94FFAB2AD0FF03FC24951B.taxon	description	Male. Head. Head not especially narrow when viewed from above, strongly slanting in lateral aspect; frons smooth, shining, a feeble straight carina extending from base of antenna near eye; clypeus swollen. Fastigium of frons absent, indicated only by median ocellus; fastigium of vertex rather poorly defined, with a longitudinal median sulcus, sides not modified. Eyes positioned high on head, round, moderately protruding (Fig. 14 A) lateral ocelli absent. Antenna with scrobes prominent and extensive, forming an “ A-shaped ” carina extending to eye (Fig. 14 A, B); scape cylindrical to weakly dorso-ventrally flattened, about 1.5 – 2.0 times length of pedicel and bearing a small tooth dorsally (Fig. 14 B), pedicel relatively small compared to scape, only slightly larger than adjacent first segment of flagellum; flagellum thin, thread-like, more than twice the length of the individual when intact. Thorax. Pronotum with surface flat to tumid and irregular, tuberculate and bearing 2 prominent transverse sulci (metanotum with surface irregular and with ill-defined sulci (Fig. 14 A )); anterior margin of disk truncate and unarmed, posterior margin evenly obtuse and unarmed. Thoracic auditory spiracle small, circular, not concealed by pronotum (Fig. 14 C). Sternum with prosternum armed with a pair of elongate spikes, slightly divergent apically; mesosternum with a pair of narrow processes, not especially cup-like, apically acutely pointed (Fig. 14 E); metasternum with a similar pair of processes, slightly larger. Legs. Legs elongate, slender. Fore coxa armed with an elongate spine, fore femur laterally compressed, not carinate, armed ventrally on both margins with small spines, genicular lobes armed only on posterior margin with a small recurved tooth; fore tibia quadrate in outline, armed dorsally on posterior margin with a few small tooth-like spines in proximal one-quarter, only in females, males unarmed, both sexes with a series of setae on both anterior and posterior margins of dorsal surface, ventral surface with small spines on both margins, none apical in position; tympanum open and of similar size on each side. Middle femur laterally feebly compressed, dorsal surface faintly sulcate in apical half, ventral surface with a series of small spines or tooth-like spines on each margin; genicular lobes armed on both sides; middle tibia strongly laterally compressed and swollen basally, dorsal surface unarmed (males) or armed with a series of small spines, ventral surface armed on both sides with a small number of minute spines, apex with a larger spine on each side; margins armed on both surfaces with many minute setae. Hind femur elongate, laterally compressed basally, ventral surface armed on both margins (female) or only on outer margin (males); genicular lobes armed on both sides with a minute spine. Wings. Tegmina reaching well beyond apex of abdomen in both sexes (Figs. 1, 18 A, B, 14 I,), tegminal venation rather reduced (Figs. 21 A – I); costal field expanded, costa and subcosta absent or poorly indicated. Veins R and M scarcely distinguished from one another, diverging apically; Rs and M absent; stridulatory vein short, swollen, prominent; right tegmen of male with large almost square mirror without internal venation. Apex of tegmen subtruncate or abruptly obtuse (Figs. 21 A – I), a characteristic of the genus. Hind wing fan-like, well developed, suited for flight, extending to or slightly less than apex of tegmen. Abdomen. Male. Tenth tergite straight, not produced or concave; supra-anal plate very elongate, narrow, apically acute, unarmed on sides (single exception M. lewisensis sp nov, which has no trace of a supra-anal plate (Fig. 15 G); cercus elongate with a small apical tooth directed inwards; paraprocts armed with a small curved tooth directed internally; phallus without any sclerotised parts. Subgenital plate elongate (Fig. 15 H), narrow, with median carina, apex without any trace of styli. Female. Much larger than male, fully winged, capable of flight. Tenth tergite with supra-anal plate very elongate, apically acute; subgenital plate triangular, with traces of a median carina. Ovipositor (Figs. 14 H, 17 L) falcate, much shorter than length of hind femur, unarmed. Colour. Overall colour uniformly green. The tegmina may have dark or irregular light areas that appear as imperfections on leaves. These blotches may be not bilaterally symmetrical.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype female. Tweed River, New South Wales. Holotype female collected 2 October 1905 in the Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg. Type examined. Differential diagnosis. Most distinctive feature is the armature of the lateral margins of the pronotum (Fig. 14 A) and the sculpturing of the lateral pronotal lobe (Fig. 14 C). The meso- and metasternal lobes are apically strongly acute (Fig. 14 E). The genitalia of both sexes are not especially distinctive. General. Moderate size, robust appearance (Fig. 14 I). Easily confused with others in the genus unless carefully examined.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	description	Male. Head. Frons flat to feebly tumid, dorso-ventral carina obscure; genae not appreciably swollen. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 14 B) with sulcus relatively deep. Antennal scrobes (Fig. 14 B) with margins well indicated, tooth of scape prominent and juxtaposed to a small tubercle on pedicel. Thorax. Pronotum with surface slightly depressed in the middle; prozona with tuberculation more dense (Fig. 14 A), transverse sulci better defined than in other taxa; lateral margins with armature irregular: crenulations with one or two larger teeth irregularly placed; lateral lobe with deep oblique dorsal sulcus (Fig. 14 C) and an arching carina near ventral margin. Sternum with prosternal processes elongate, feebly divergent; meso- and metasternal lobes elongate, projecting at right angles from the body at rest. Legs. Fore coxa with a very elongate spine projecting forward. Fore femur armed on both margins of ventral surface with 8 – 10 small tooth-like spines; fore tibia relatively thick, dorsal surface unarmed except for series of setae on anterior and posterior margins, ventral surface armed with 3 – 6 small spines on both margins, one on each side apical in position. Middle femur strongly laterally compressed, ventral surface armed on anterior margin with up to 10 tooth-like spines, posterior margin with much smaller number, usually 4 – 5; middle tibia strongly laterally compressed in basal half, dorsal surface densely setose on both margins and with a few scattered tooth-like spines on each margin, ventral surface also setose on both margins, anterior margin with up to 6 spines, posterior margin with 2 – 4 spines, one on each side apical in position. Hind femur not especially thickened basally, ventral surface armed on outer margin with 7 – 11 tooth-like spines, internal margin usually with 4 smaller tooth-like spines, apex armed only on ventral surface with a single spine on each side; hind tibia quadrate, slightly laterally compressed in proximal one-quarter, dorsal surface with scattered spines on both sides ending well before apex, ventral surface with a smaller number of spines but with a pair of larger apical spines. Genicular lobes of all femora armed on both sides with a small spine. Wings. Tegmina well developed, extending well beyond apex of hind femur at rest, apex obtuse or subquadrate, venation (Figs. 21 A, B); stridulatory region of left tegmen with stridulatory vein heavy (Fig. 14 D); right tegmen with mirror (Fig. 14 D) without internal venation, with an arching vein, raised vein proximal to mirror indented in the middle. Hind wing with 3 prominent curved anal veins. Abdomen. Male. Tenth tergite not produced in any manner; supra-anal plate triangular, apically acute; cercus very elongate with apical tooth directed inwards (Fig. 14 F). Subgenital plate very elongate, narrow medially, with median carina. Female. Much larger than male (Table 7), differs in following characters: tegminal venation heavy; supra-anal plate elongate, apically acute; subgenital plate (Fig. 14 G) very broad and apically acute, with narrow median carina. Ovipositor (Fig. 14 H) falcate, relatively short (Table 7), moderately upcurved. Colour. Colour in life dark green (Fig. 14 I) the tegminal veins somewhat darker, often small dark blotches present. Specimens examined. New South Wales: ca. 31 o 46 ” S 152 o 31 ’ E. “ Lorien ” 3 km N. of Lansdowne via Taree, 28. xii. 1990 (G. Williams, 1 female, ANIC). 28 o 17 ’ S 153 o 23 ’ E Condong Falls, Whian Whian State For., NNE of Lismore, 18. xi. 1983 (D. C. F. Rentz, M. S. Harvey, Stop 56, 1 male, Cytol. prep., 83 – 159; Song recorded S- 268, ANIC). 28 o 58 ’ S 15 o 43 ’ E 31 Km WNW of Tenterfield, 2. xi. 1983 (D. C. F. Rentz, M. S. Harvey, 1 male, ANIC). Queensland: 27 o 20 ’ S 152 o 46 ’ E Mt Glorious, 610 m, 8. iv. 1978 DCF Rentz, Stop 86, 1 male collected as 1 st instar nymph, matured in laboratory 11. viii. 1978, ANIC). National Park, xii. 1923 (H. Hacker, 1 male 1 female, QMUS). Upper Tallebudgera Ck, 6. iii. 1988 (G. B Monteith, 1 male, QMUS). Tallebudgera Valley, 100 m, 13. i. 1988 (D. J. Cook, 1 female, QMUS). Mt Tambourine, 20. ii. 1911 (W. W. Froggatt Collection, ANIC). Song. Fig. 23 A.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	discussion	Comments. A noisy and common species over much of its range. It could be confused with M. tuberculatus sp. nov. but the male and female genitalia and the armature of the pronotum and legs serve to distinguish it. At the Tallebudgera locality this species occurs with T. spininota. Cytology. Fig. 26. Mastigaphoides lewisensis 7 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, sp. nov. Mount Lewis Broad-winged Snub-nose Figs. 15 A – H, 21 D, E, 23 B; Table 8; Map 5	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male. Labels. 1. “ 16.31 S 145.16 E 7 km N. of Mt Lewis, (31.5 km from Julatten turnoff) 12. ii. 1988 D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 12 ”. 2. “ Cytol. prep. 88 – 95 ”. 3. “ Song- recorded S- 529 ”. 4. “ ANIC 14 - 008488 ”. Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. Type locality. The type was collected in the understorey of the rainforest along a track near the forester’s “ hut ”. Differential diagnosis. Head with the antennal sockets strongly rimmed, touching dorsally (Fig. 15 A); margins of pronotum with low, nearly uniform teeth; lateral lobe with surface and margins very sparsely tuberculate (Fig. 15 C). Meso- and metasternal lobes cordate and apically acute. Male genitalia very similar to other species in the genus. Female subgenital plate elongate, with median carina; ovipositor upturned, unarmed. General. Size small for genus, form robust (Table 8). Not easily confused with any other member of the genus.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	description	Male. Head. Frons flat but with obscure dorso-ventral carina on each side, genae not swollen, clypeus slightly swollen when viewed laterally; entire frons sparsely hirsute. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 15 A) with sulcus short but deep, antennal scrobes prominent; tooth of scape acute (Fig. 15 A). Thorax. Pronotum with surface flat, not depressed in the middle; tuberculation sparse but mostly uniformly spaced (Fig. 15 B); transverse sulci well defined, generally straight; lateral margins of disk with armature low but uniform; lateral lobe (Fig. 15 C) without prominent sulci, surface irregular and with a few scattered tubercles, all margins smooth, not tuberculate. Sternum with prosternal processes rather closely spaced, weakly divergent; meso- and metasternal process cordate, apically acute, slightly upturned (Fig. 15 D). MAP 5. Known distribution for Mastigaphoides species. ˔ M. haffneri Weidner, • M. tuberculatus Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov., ⋅ M. lewisensis Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov., ° M. vaginalis Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. Legs. Fore coxa with an elongate spine projecting forward. Fore femur arched and strongly laterally compressed, armed ventrally on anterior margin with 9 minute tooth-like spines, posterior margin with 9 slightly larger tooth-like spines; fore tibia carinate on both surfaces, unarmed dorsally, ventral surface with 5 – 7 minute spines on anterior margin, one apical in position, posterior margin with 3 spines, one apical in position. Middle femur laterally compressed, somewhat inflated apically, anterior margin with 9 – 11 tooth-like spines, posterior margin with 6 – 7 smaller tooth-like spines; middle tibia strongly laterally compressed, inflated proximally, both surfaces strongly carinate, dorsal surface unarmed, ventral surface with 7 minute spines on anterior margin, one apical in position, posterior margin with 5 – 6 minute spines, those proximal smaller than those apical, apex with a large terminal spine. Hind femur not especially inflated, armed only on outer margin with 8 small spines; hind tibia quadrate, bearing spines on both margins of both surfaces; apex armed with terminal spines only on ventral surface. Wings. Tegmina well developed, extending well beyond apex of hind femur at rest, Apex angulate (Fig. 21 D), venation (Fig. 21 C, D, E); stridulatory region (Fig. 15 E) with vein heavy, thick, short; right wing with mirror (Fig. 15 F), without internal venation, raised vein proximal to mirror low, not indented in the middle. Hind wing with a single prominent vein. Abdomen. Male. Tenth tergite not produced, with shallow median incision; supra-anal plate (Fig. 15 G) absent; cercus very elongate, narrow, with small, incurved tooth (Fig. 15 G). Subgenital plate short (Fig. 15 H) but elongate, narrow in median portion, without median carina. Female. Much larger than male (Table 8), differs in following characters: tegminal venation heavy and raised; supra-anal plate elongate, with median carina. Colour. Colour uniformly dark green, tegminal veins lighter, Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: Paratypes: 16 o 31 ’ S 145 o 16 ’ E 7 km N. of Mt Lewis, 31.5 road km from Julatten turn-off, 12. ii. 1988 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 12, 1 female, ANIC). Song. Fig. 23 B.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	discussion	Comments. The most notable feature of this species is the small size of the male and the peculiar stridulation which sounds like a buzz. In most morphological aspects, the species is similar to the type species. However, females have a proportionally narrower subgenital plate and a shorter ovipositor. As with the holotype, the female paratopotype was found on low shrubbery along the rainforest margin. Mastigaphoides vaginalis 8 Rentz, Su, Ueshima, sp. nov. Slender Broad-winged Snub-nose Figs. 1, 16 A – C, 17 A – M, 21 F – G; 23 C; Table 9; Map 5	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male. Labels. 1. “ 16 o 12 ’ S 145 o 24 ’ E. (GPS) Qld.: Alexandra Bay, (Wilderness Lodge) 1 November 1997 DCF Rentz Stop C- 4 ”. 2. “ Collected as nymph, matured in laboratory 1 Dec. 1997 ”. 3. “ Song recorded, S- 1032 ”. 4. “ ANIC 14 - 008489 ”. Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. Type locality. The type locality is coastal rainforest. The type was collected at night in low vegetation along a rainforest nature trail. Differential diagnosis. The most distinctive features of this species are its narrow, slender appearance (Figs. 1, 16 B, C) with a broadly expanding tegmen and the narrow pronotum with a small number of erect, black-tipped teeth along the lateral margins (Fig. 17 D). The prosternal armature is reduced to little more than a pair of tubercles; the meso- and metasternal lobes are minutely acute. General. Of moderate to large size with a slender appearance; female tegmen strongly bowed (Fig. 21 G). Not easily confused with any other species in the genus.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	description	Male. Head. Frons flat to feebly tumid (Fig. 17 A), sparsely hirsute; clypeus swollen; genae not at all swollen. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 17 B) with sulcus deep, lateral margins expanded in the middle. Antennal scrobes (Fig. 17 B) with margins produced in the middle; scape setose, tooth low and blunt, pedicel setose. Thorax. Pronotum with surface weakly depressed, not tuberculate (Fig. 17 C, D), transverse sulci well defined; cephalic margin of disk weakly concave, caudal margin evenly obtuse and not armed; lateral margins with low, black-tipped teeth, prozona with 2 minute teeth preceding a single large tooth, mesozona bearing a single tooth, metazona with 1 – 2 large teeth and several smaller ones; lateral lobe with surface uneven but with 2 parallel sulci, anterior and posterior margins parallel and not tuberculate (Fig. 17 D), ventral margin uneven and with traces of tubercles. Sternum with prosternal processes represented as paired tubercles (Fig. 17 E); meso- and metasternal processes erect, apically acute. Legs. Fore coxa bearing an elongate forward-projecting spine. Fore femur laterally compressed, carinate above, armed on both margins of the ventral surface with 7 – 8 tooth-like spines; fore tibia slender, quadrate, dorsal surface unarmed but setose on both margins, ventral surface with 6 spines on both margins and with a slightly larger apical spine on each side. Middle femur laterally compressed, somewhat expanded apically, ventral surface armed with 6 minute tooth-like spines on each margin (Fig. 17 M); middle tibia expanded basally, carinate, dorsal surface setose along both margins and armed with 5 tooth-like spines basally on posterior margin in region of swelling (Fig. 17 M), ventral surface bearing 5, 6 spines along both margins and an apical spine on each side. Hind femur not especially swollen basally, armed externally with 6 – 10 minute spines, internal margin with traces of spines indicated mostly as tubercles; hind tibia armed dorsally and ventrally with many elongate spines, those dorsal ending well before apex, ventral surface bearing an apical spine on each side. Genicular lobes of all femora bearing a single prominent spine on each side. Wings. Tegminal venation very well developed, distinctive in shape (Figs. 16 C, 21 F, G), tegmen extending well beyond apex of hind femur at rest, apical portion expanding, outline of apex obtuse; stridulatory region of left tegmen (Fig. 17 F) with stridulatory vein heavy, “ bubble-like ” when viewed from behind; right tegmen with mirror (Fig. 17 G) longer than broad, without internal venation. Hind wing with venation generally weak, with only a single prominent anal vein more sclerotized than the others. Abdomen. Male. Tenth tergite weakly concave in the middle (Fig. 17 H); supra-anal plate elongate, setose, apically acute; cercus very elongate, extending to apex of supra-anal plate, armed apically with a small inwardsprojecting tooth; paraprocts swollen tubercles, each with a prominent divergent tooth. Subgenital plate very broad basally narrowed, stem-like apically with feeble, shallow V-shaped median incision; titillators represented as a pair of feebly sclerotized non-structured lobes (Fig. 17 I). Female. Much larger and tegmina more expanded than in male (Table 9), differs in following characters: tegminal venation heavy; supra-anal plate (Fig. 17 J) very elongate, 3.5 x as long as basal width, extending beyond apex of cerci at rest, apex obtuse; subgenital plate (Fig. 17 K) triangular, with low median carina, apex strongly acute and bent upwards. Ovipositor falcate, (Table 9) upcurved (Fig. 17 L). Colour. Colour in life light green (Figs. 16 A-C) the tegminal veins darker and with brownish or frosty white “ imperfections ” as blotches, bilaterally symmetrical. Pronotum with armature of lateral margins black-tipped. Locality Length Length Width Length Length Length Length Length Body Pronotum Pronotum Fore femur Middle femur Hind femur Tegmen Ovipositor Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: 16 o 12 ’ S. 145 o 24 ’ E. (GPS) Alexandra Bay (Wilderness Lodge) 1. xi. 1997 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop C- 4, 1 male, ANIC). 16 o 13 ’ S. 145 o 26 ’ E. (GPS) 4 km W. of Bailey Point, “ Crocodylus Rainforest Village ”, 30. x. 1993 D. C. F. Rentz, L. Lowe, Stop 6, 2 males, 1 females, collected as nymphs, matured in Laboratory 8. xi. 1993, 16. i. 1994, ANIC). 16 o 11 ’ S. 145 o 24 ’ E. Lync-Haven Motel, 7,8. xii. 2012 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop 12 – 39, 1 female, ANIC). 16.48 ’ S 145.38 ’ E (GPS) QLD. Kuranda 335 m (Top of the Range) 19 Butler Dr 1 – 15. xii. 2004; 16 – 31. i. 2008; 16 – 31. i. 2009; 1 – 15. ii. 2010; 16 – 31. i. 2010; 1 – 15. i. 2012; 16 – 29. ii. 2012 (DCF Rentz, 7 females, ANIC); Kuranda, 15. i. 2000 (J. Hasenpusch, 1 female, ANIC). Song. Fig. 23 C	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	discussion	Comments. This large species is very distinctive in its slender appearance. The armature of the pronotum is its most distinctive character. It can be found with other members of the genus such as M. tuberculatus and other members of the tribe such as C. nigrolinea. Like others in this tribe it can be common some years and absent in others. Mastigaphoides tuberculatus 9 Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. Pimpled Broad-winged Snub-nose Figs. 18 A – D, 19 A – D, 21 H, I, 24 A, B; Table 10; Map 5	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male. Labels 1. “ 16.48 S 145.38 ’ E (GPS) Qld. Kuranda (335 m) (Top of the Range) 19 Butler Dr 1 – 15 DEC. 2010 DCF Rentz ”. 2. “ ANIC 14 - 008490 ”. Holotype in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra. Type locality. The type locality is a simple to complex mesophyll to notophyll vine forest on moderately to poorly drained metamorphics (Regional Ecosystem 7.11.1 EPA, 2007). The type was found at night singing from a low native shrub. Differential diagnosis. The most distinctive feature of this species is the generally uniform tuberculation of the dorsal surface of the pronotum (Fig. 19 A) with the lateral lobe smooth and shining and bearing a few scattered tubercles. The dimensions of the lateral lobes of the pronotum are equally distinctive in that they are slightly longer than deep. The vein bearing the stridulatory file is expanded like a transverse blister. The outline of the tegmen is equally distinctive in both sexes of this species and the apex is gently obtuse in females and often angulate on the lower (posterior) margin in males. General. Of moderate to large size, robust in appearance (Fig. 18 A). Similar in general habitus to M. haffneri but occupying a much more northern distribution (Map 5).	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	description	Male. Head. Frons flat to feebly tumid, sparsely hirsute, clypeus swollen; genae not expanded; head well seated in pronotum. Fastigium of vertex (Fig. 19 A) wrinkled, sulcus relatively deep, its margins irregular. Antennal scrobes with margins well indicated, raised considerably above fastigium (Fig. 19 B); tooth of scape produced as a small tooth on distal internal margin. Thorax. Pronotum with surface generally weakly, if at all, depressed, surface covered with small tubercles; transverse sulci well indicated (Fig. 19 A); lateral margins of disk with low tubercles, usually 4 on the prozona and 2 on the mesozona, metazona with 1 – 2 large tubercles and several much smaller, generally poorly defined ones. Anterior margin of disk straight to truncate with a row of small tubercles positioned subapically, posterior margin of disk produced, broadly V-shaped and not bearing any tubercles; lateral lobe (Fig. 19 C) slightly longer than deep (Table 10), surface smooth, with a single prominent sulcus and another much less engraved sulcus anterior to it, surface bearing a few scattered tubercles, anterior and posterior margins with a few low tubercles, ventral margin generally without any tubercles. Pleurites above middle coxae bearing a few prominent tubercles. Sternum with prosternal processes elongate, spiniform (Fig. 19 E), meso- and metasternal processes erect, well produced, margins of mesosternum scalloped in female (Fig. 19 F). Thoracic auditory structure minute (Fig. 19 D). Legs. Fore coxa with a stout, scythe-like decurved spine projecting forward. Fore femur bowed, dorsally carinate, this more prominent apically, ventral surface armed on anterior margin with a few small spines, usually 10 – 13 (Fig. 19 H), posterior margin with 10 – 11 much more robust spines (Fig. 19 G); fore tibia quadrate in outline, setose along dorsal margins, slightly expanded in region of tympanum, unarmed dorsally, ventral surface with 7 small spines on anterior margin, posterior margin with 10 larger spines; apex armed with a longer spine on each side. Middle femur almost equal in width throughout, dorsal surface carinate, margins setose, ventral surface armed with 11 small robust spines on anterior margin, posterior margin with 7 – 8 small spines; middle tibiae laterally compressed, expanded in basal quarter, dorsal surface carinate, densely setose on lateral margins and bearing a few minute tooth-like spines in basal one-quarter, ventral surface with 7 small spines on anterior margin, posterior margin with 5 small spines, apex armed on each side with a larger spine. Hind femur slender, ventral surface armed externally with around 13 small spines, internal margin with a much smaller number, these positioned in apical one-quarter, apex armed ventrally with a single spine on each side. Genicular lobes of all femora armed on both sides with a prominent spine. Wings. Tegmina very well developed, extending well beyond apex of hind femur at rest, apex feebly obtuse or subtruncate (Figs. 18 A, B, 21 H), in males produced or angular at posterior corner; stridulatory region (Fig. 19 J) with venation heavy, the stridulatory vein raised, blister-like (Fig. 19 I), right wing mirror ovoid, without internal venation. Hind wing with a single anal vein more sclerotized than the others. Abdomen. Male. Tenth tergite (Fig. 19 K) not produced, median portion somewhat more membranous than the lateral portions; supra-anal plate elongate as in other species but not reaching apex of cercus; cercus very elongate, apical tooth directed inwards (Fig. 19 K); paraprocts (Fig. 19 K) each bearing a stout apical tooth, directed downwards. Subgenital plate (Fig. 19 L) stout, robust, apically shallowly incised, not bearing a median carina. Titillators represented as a pair of narrowly separated, feebly sclerotized transverse swellings. Female. Much larger than male (Table 10), differs in following characters: tegminal venation (Fig. 21 I), the tegmen elongate; supra-anal plate an elongate thinly sclerotized flap extending well beyond cerci; subgenital plate (Fig. 19 M) broadly triangular, with median carina. Locality Length Length Width Length Length Length Length Length Females Paratopotye 31.8 8.1 7.1 15.0 14.4 29.3 50.2 22.5 “ 27.8 7.0 5.6 11.8 9.8 22.3 47.7 18.9 “ 35.7 7.5 7.1 14.6 13.3 24.2 47.6 23.9 “ 34.8 7.4 7.0 14.3 12.1 28.0 47.6 22.0 Garradunga 36.9 7.5 7.1 14.8 14.3 29.2 47.7 22.7 Lake Barrine 34.3 8.1 6.6 15.1 11.4 23.8 43.2 21.9 Fishery Falls 37.0 8.1 7.5 14.4 12.4 28.8 48.3 22.3 Shipton’s Flat 33.0 6.0 6.3 13.2 11.2 25.3 42.9 21.8 Krukow Rd 30.5 7.5 6.8 14.7 13.4 29.5 45.8 24.1 FIGURE 22. Calling songs of Chloracantha species. Left chirp song; right pulse of the chirp shown on an expanded time scale. A, C. lampra Hebard, S- 909, recorded at 24 o C. B – D, Chloracantha angularis Rentz, Su, Ueshima, sp. nov., S- 482 recorded at 28 o C, S- 513 recorded at 27 o C, S- 394 recorded at 23 o C. Colour. Colour deep dark green in life (Figs. 18 A – C), the veins contrastingly darker. Stridulatory vein dark brown, bordered in straw or yellow brown. Abdomen (Fig. 18 D) probably species distinctive in life regarding colour but comparative examples at the species level are not available presently. Specimens examined. Paratypes: Queensland: 15 o 47 ’ S 145 o 14 ’ E Shipton’s Flat, nr Cooktown, 16 – 18. v. 1981 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop 38, 1 female, ANIC). 16 o 03 ’ to 16 o 05 ’ S 145 o 28 ’ E Cape Tribulation, 21 – 28. iii. 1984 (A. Calder, T. Weir, 2 females, ANIC). 16 o 05 ’ S 145 o 27 ’ E (GE) PK’s Jungle Resort, xi. 1998 (J. Hasenpusch, 1 male, ANIC). 16 o 04 ’ S 145 o 28 ’ E (GPS) Beach S. of Cape Tribulation between Myall & Mason Cks, 31. x. 1993 (D. C. F. Rentz, L. Lowe, Stop 8 b, 1 male collected as nymph, matured in laboratory 4. i. 1994, 1 male collected as nymph, matured in laboratory, 21. xi. 1993, Cytol. Prep. 94 - 2; Song recorded, S- 850, ANIC). 16 o 06 ’ 11.53 ” S 145 o 27 ’ 13.08 ” E Daintree, James Cook Univ. rainforest site, 19 m, 22. i. 2014, 5 – 6. v. 2014 (D. C. F. Rentz, B. Richardson, rainforest / grassland edge, rainforest 1 male, 3 females, ANIC, JCUD). 16 o 13 ’ S 145 o 25 ’ E (GPS) 5 km W by S of Bailey Pt., Cow Bay Hotel, 1. xi. 1993 (D. C. F. Rentz, L. Lowe, Stop 10, 1 female, ANIC). 16 o 49 ’ S 145 o 40 ’ E (GE) Upper Stanton Rd, Smithfield, 104 m, 5. ii. 2012 (D. C. F. Rentz, O. Béthoux, Stop 12 - 7, 2 females, ANIC). 16 o 59 ’ S 145 o 43 ’ E 7 km N. of Cairns. 16. ii. 1989 (G. Milledge, 1 female, ANIC). 16 o 48 S 145 o 38 ’ E (GPS) Kuranda (335 m) (Top of the Range) 19 Butler Dr, 1 – 15. iii. 2003, 15 – 31. iii. 2005, 1 – 15. iii. 2007, 1 – 15. ii. 2008, 16 – 31. iii. 2008, 16 – 31. vii. 2008, 1 – 15. viii. 2008, 16 – 31. i. 2010, 16 – 28. ii. 2010, 1 – 15. iii. 2010, 1 – 15. i. 2012, 1 – 15. xii. 2013, 1 – 15. i. 2014 (D. C. F. Rentz, 3 males, 11 females, ANIC). 16 o 48 ’ S 145 o 35 ’ E Russet Park, 5 km WNW of Kuranda, 20. ii 1988 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 20, 1 male, Cytol. Prep. 88 – 115; Song Recorded, S- 564, ANIC). 17 o 15 ’ S 145 o 38 ’ E Lake Barrine, Atherton Tablelands 6. xii. 1985 (J. Balderson, rainforest by torch, 1 female, ANIC). 17 o 10 ’ S 145 o 53 ’ E (GE) Fishery Falls, 25 m, 16. i. 1995 (L. Ring, 2 females, ANIC). 17 o 18 ’ S 145 o 57 ’ E Babinda, Kruckow Rd, 25 m, 1. i. 2012 (D. C. F. Rentz, G. Wilson, Stop 12 - 1, 1 female, ANIC). Russel River at Bellenden Ker landing 1 – 9. xi. 1981 Earthwatch / Qld Museum, 1 male, ANIC). 17 o 00 ’ S 145 o 50 ’ E Pine Ck., (CSIRO tower), 11 km SE by S of Cairns, 18. ii. 1988 (D. C. F. Rentz, Stop A- 18, 1 male, Cytol. Prep. 88 – 127; Song recorded, S- 554, ANIC). 17 o 28 ’ S 146 o 0 ’ E Garradunga, Polly Ck., 12. xii. 1995, 10. i. 1996, 20. xii. 2006 (2 females), 8. i. 2007, 16. i. 2007 (J. Hasenpusch, 6 females, ANIC). 17 o 43 S 145 o 56 ’ E Japoonvale, Liverpool Ck. 19. xii. 2013 (J. Hasenpusch, 1 female, ANIC). 16 o 48 S 145 o 37 ’ E Kuranda Caravan Park, Kuranda Hts Rd. 22. i. 2009 (D. C. F. Rentz, 1 female, ANIC). Song. Figs. 24 A, B. FIGURE 23. Calling songs of Mastigaphoides species. A, M. haffneri, S- 268 recorded at 24 o C. B, M. lewisensis holotype male, S- 529, recorded at 23 o C. C, M. vaginalis, S- 1032, recorded at 27 o C. Eggs. The eggs of this species are probably characteristic of others in the genus. They are cylindrical, thinshelled, fragile (Fig. 19 N) and slightly bowed. Females deposit them after dark in dead branches. One end seems to be somewhat vascular (Fig. 19 O). This end protrudes slight above the substrate presumably to capture moisture to prevent the egg from desiccating. Five eggs ranged in length from 8.0 mm – 8.2 mm.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
3D2187C5FF97FFB82AD0FD06FD6B90F8.taxon	discussion	Comments. This common rainforest katydid is most closely related to M. haffneri and can be distinguished by its larger size and more tuberculate pronotum. The calling song is quite different as well. This species occurs sympatrically with M. vaginalis and three of the four Chloracantha species over much of its range, see Maps 1, 2, 5. This katydid lives on a variety of understorey shrubs. Perches characteristically outstretched during the day (Fig. 18 A). Females lay eggs in cracks in bark.	en	Rentz, Dcf, Su, You Ning, Ueshima, Norihiro (2015): Studies in Australian Katydids: A Review of the Australian Snub-nosed Sylvan katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Simoderini). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 1-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.1
