identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3D3A671C356CFFD91B57EF710460F8E4.text	3D3A671C356CFFD91B57EF710460F8E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixchela Huber 2000	<div><p>Ixchela HUBER, 2000</p> <p>Type species: Ixchela furcula (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) by original designation (Huber, 2000). Type locality: 1 female holotype from Tecpam in the Región de Los Altos (Tecpam, Departamento Chimaltenango), Guatemala, around 2300 m, Godman &amp; Salvin Cols., in BMNH (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902; Huber, 1998a) (not examined).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Species of this genus can be distinguished from members of other pholcid genera by the frontal apophysis on chelicerae on males (FAC) (Figs 26, 40, 51); the prolateroventral apophysis of the palp bulb of the male (PAB) (Figs 1, 39, 50); the apical–dorsal spine-shaped projection on the embolus (Figs 2, 38, 49); the apical–ventral projection on the embolus (Figs 2, 38, 49); the curved spine distally on procursus (Figs 38, 49, 60); the ventral protuberance with long setae on the procursus (VPP) (Figs 15, 38, 49); the procursus conical, straight and long, wide basally (Figs 60, 72); and the small, sub-distal, sclerotized spine on the embolus (Figs 9, 39, 50).</p> <p>Description: The description made by Valdez-Mondragón (2013) is currently still valid, although new morphological information has been found using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Embolus conical (Fig. 1), with elongate, sigmoid apical ventral projection (Figs 2, 4, 6), and apical dorsal projection spine-shaped (Fig. 2). Sperm operculum with a small spine (arrow, Fig. 3). Embolus with small, spine-shaped projections prolaterally (e.g. I. azteca, arrow Figs 4, 5; and I. mendozai, arrow Figs 7–9). Embolus with subdistal, sclerotized spine (arrow, Fig. 9). Female palp with long and wide seta next to the tarsal organ (arrow, Fig. 13). Bulb rounded and wide (Fig. 1). Tarsal organs exposed on palps (arrows, Figs 16, 17) and legs (arrow, Figs 24, 25). Trichobothria present on palp tibia of males and females (Figs 10–12). Lyriform organs present on leg patellae (arrow, Figs 18, 19). Legs with 6–9 longitudinal rows of erect setae, spread around circumference of segments (Figs 20, 21), without spines or curved setae. Tarsus IV with comb-setae (Figs 22, 23). Male chelicerae with SAC well developed in some species (e.g. I. azteca, I. mendozai) (Figs 26, 27), vestigial in others (e.g. I. simoni, I. tzotzil) (Valdez-Mondragón, 2013; figs 74, 162); or absent (e.g. I. furcula, I. huberi) (Valdez-Mondragón, 2013; figs 34, 100). Endites with serrated margin (arrow, Figs 29, 30). Anterior lateral spinnerets with one small spigot and one wide spigot (arrows, Fig. 32). Posterior median spinnerets with two acciniform gland spigots (arrows, Fig. 33).</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: New data on the natural history were obtained and are explained, although the general distribution and natural history of the genus given by Valdez-Mondragón (2013) is still the same. The genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 is widely distributed from north-eastern Mexico to Nicaragua [specimens not examined, but Huber (2000) examined one male of an undescribed species from Nicaragua, Matagalpa, Fuente Pura, deposited in Museo Entomológico Nicaraguense] (Valdez-Mondragón, 2013). The genus has a natural distribution in temperate climate zones, particularly pine, oak or mixed pine–oak forest (1000–2950 m elevation) (Valdez-Mondragón, 2013; figs 13–15, 17, 18); however, some species were collected in tropical rain forest, such as Ixchela santibanezi Valdez-Mondragón, 2013 at 1190 m (Valdez-Mondragón, 2013; fig. 16), or in a thorny scrub forest at 1900–2180 m, such as Ixchela juarezi Valdez-Mondragón, 2013. Most species have been collected among fallen logs, boulders on the ground, under dried leaves of agave plants and frequently on walls along road-cuts, specifically in dark, moist areas covered with roots and leaf-litter (Valdez-Mondragón, 2013; figs 15, 17, 18), or inside caves (Valdez-Mondragón, 2013; figs 1–3, 5, 9). However, here three synanthropic records for the genus are reported for the first time: two records of Ixchela azteca and one record of Ixchela mendozai found inside buildings.</p> <p>Composition: The genus Ixchela is composed of 20 species: Ixchela simoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898), Ixchela furcula (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902), Ixchela abernathyi (Gertsch, 1971), Ixchela pecki (Gertsch, 1971), Ixchela placida (Gertsch, 1971), Ixchela franckei Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela grix Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela huasteca Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela huberi Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela juarezi Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela mixe Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela santibanezi Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela taxco Valdez- Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela tzotzil Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela viquezi Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, Ixchela azteca sp. nov., Ixchela jalisco sp. nov., Ixchela mendozai sp. nov., Ixchela purepecha sp. nov. and Ixchela tlayuda sp. nov.</p> <p>The identification key of species of Ixchela Huber, 2000 is updated from Valdez-Mondragón (2013 – hereafter VM, 2013), using the same abbreviations.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D3A671C356CFFD91B57EF710460F8E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro;Francke, Oscar F.	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Francke, Oscar F. (2015): Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO 1 and 16 S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (1): 20-58, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12265
3D3A671C3560FFCF1B2CE9740476FABB.text	3D3A671C3560FFCF1B2CE9740476FABB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixchela azteca Valdez-Mondragón & Francke 2015	<div><p>Ixchela azteca SP. NOV.</p> <p>Type data: MEXICO: Estado de México: 1 ♂ holotype (CNAN T0763) [26 August 2011; A. Valdez, J. Mendoza, D. Barrales, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from Km 46 highway Toluca-Valle de Bravo (lat. 19.2560°, long. −100.0669°; 2315 m). Paratypes: 1 ♀ (CNAN T0764); 1 ♀, 3 juv. (CNAN T0765), same data as holotype.</p> <p>Material examined: MEXICO: Estado de México: 3 ♀♀ (1 with egg sac) (CNAN) [28 April 2011; A. Valdez, O. Francke, J. Cruz, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from Km 34 highway Toluca-Zitácuaro (lat. 19.3687°, long. −100.0241°; 2730 m). 1 ♂, 1 juv. (CNAN) [27 August 2011; A. Valdez, J. Mendoza, D. Barrales, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from Cueva del Diablo, La Peña (next to the Microwave Station) (lat. 19.2006°, long. −100.1414°; 1885 m), Valle de Bravo, Municipio Valle de Bravo. 1 ♀ (with egg sac) (CNAN) [26 August 2011; A. Valdez, J. Mendoza, D. Barrales, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from km 46 highway Villa Victoria-Valle de Bravo (lat. 19.2560°, long. −100.0669°; 2315 m). 4 juv. (CNAN) [26 August 2011; A. Valdez, J. Mendoza, D. Barrales, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from Reserva Estatal Monte Alto (lat. 19.1930°, long. −100.1122 °; 2152 m), Municipio Valle de Bravo. 2 ♂♂, 1 juv. (CNAN) [27 August 2011; A. Valdez, J. Mendoza, D. Barrales, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from Cueva de Peña Blanca inside of Rancho La Mecedora (near to Casas Viejas) (lat. 19.1325°, long. −100.1051°; 2149 m), Municipio Valle de Bravo. Distrito Federal: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (AMNH) [28 February 1973; J. Reddell, D. McKenzie, M. McKenzie, M. Butterwick] from Cueva de Cerro de la Estrella, 2 km S of Iztapalapa (∼lat 19.3267°, long. −99.0918°; 2273 m), Delegación Iztapalapa. 1 ♂ (CNAN) [13 July 1986; L. M. Ruíz] from Kinchil Mza. 168, Lt. 5, Colonia Heroes de Padierna (∼lat 19.2831°, long. −99.2216°; 2532 m), C. P. 14200, Delegación Tlalpan. 1 ♂ (male grown in the laboratory until the 6th. moult), 3 ♀♀ (CNAN) [25 June 2009; A. Valdez, H. Montaño, R. Paredes, T. Garrido] from road to Cueva del Fraile (lat. 19.5876°, long. −99.1309°; 2614 m), Delegación Gustavo A. Madero. 1 ♂, 1 juv. (CNAN) [25 June 2009; A. Valdez, H. Montaño, R. Paredes] from Cueva del Fraile (lat. 19.5938°, long. −99.1283°; 2810 m), Delegación Gustavo A. Madero. 1 ♂ (CNAN) [25 January 2013; V. Reyes] from Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria (lat. 19.3205°, long. −99.1945°; 2327 m), Delegación Coyoacán. Guerrero: 3 ♀♀, 3 juv. (CNAN) [4 June 2010; A. Valdez. O. Francke, J. Cruz, D. Barrales] from 5 km W of Casahuates (lat. 18.5874°, long. −99.6268°; 2275 m), Municipio Taxco de Alarcón. Michoacán: 2 ♀♀ (CNAN) [28 April 2011; A. Valdez, O. Francke, J. Cruz, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from El Naranjo (lat. 19.4017°, long. −100.3551°; 2113 m), Municipio Zitácuaro. 2 ♀♀ (CNAN) [26 November 2012; D. Ortiz, E. Hijmensen, E. Goyer] from 7 km SE of Ciudad Hidalgo (lat. 19.6347°, long. −100.4828°; 1750 m), Municipio Ciudad Hidalgo. 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, 7 juv. (CNAN) [29 April 2011; A. Valdez, O. Francke, J. Cruz, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from Gruta de Tziranda (lat. 19.6400°, long. −100.5021°; 1855 m), Municipio Ciudad Hidalgo. Morelos: 1 ♀ (AMNH) [14 April 1940; C. Bolivar, D. Pelaez] from Parque Nacional de Zempoala. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [21 May 1978; C. Valdez] from Cueva del Diablo or Ostoyehualco (lat. 18.9952°, long. −99.0601°; 1947 m), Municipio Tepoztlán. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [21 May 1978; M. M. Oran?], same locality. 5 ♀♀, 2 juv. (CNAN) [4 December 1977; I. Vázquez], same locality. 2 juv. (CNAN) [2 July 1978; M. Ortiz], same locality. 2 ♂♂ (CNAN) [20 December 1977; M. Morales], same locality. 1 ♂ (CNAN) [4 December 1977; M. Morales], same locality. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [23 May 1978; M. S. Trejo], same locality. 1 juv. (CNAN) [21 May 1978; G. Borja], same locality. 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 33 juv. (CNAN) [29 July 2009; A. Valdez, O. Francke, C. Santibáñez, T. Palafox, C. Trujano], same locality. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [25 January 1978; J. Gutierrez] from Tepozteco, Municipio Tepoztlán. 1 juv. (CNAN) [5 June 1981; V. A. Guillermina] from km 8 road Amatlán Santo Domingo, Municipio Tepoztlán.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition and is dedicated to the Aztecs, a Mesoamerican culture from central Mexico (dominant from approx. 1428 to 1521 AD), where most of the localities reported for this species are located.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Resembles I. abernathyi and I. simoni, distinguished from I. abernathyi by the FAC wider and longer (Figs 37, 40); palp femur wider and curved ventrally (Figs 38, 39); epigynum longer, curved, and conical (Figs 41, 44); MSE complete, posteriorly touching the PP (Fig. 43); by the carapace with longer brown markings on each side (Fig. 35); the fovea with straight and wider brown mark around it (Fig. 35); and legs without numerous colour rings; from I. simoni by the FAC conical (Fig. 40); the SAC developed (Fig. 37); the shorter PAB (Figs 38, 39); the palp femur more curved ventrally (Figs 38, 39); the epigynum longer and curved (Fig. 41); the PP wider than long (Fig. 43); and by the oval concavities between MSE and PP more visible (Fig. 43).</p> <p>Description: Male (Holotype). Prosoma: Carapace beige, with one pale brown mark on each side (Fig. 35). Fovea with irregular, wide and pale brown mark around it, which is joined with the ocular region (Fig. 35). Ocular region dark brown, with a wide line from anterior median eyes to posterior part of the ocular region, one thin brown line from each posterior median eye to posterior part of the ocular region (Fig. 35). Clypeus brown, darker distally (Fig. 36). Chelicerae brown, paler in prolateral proximal part and around the sclerotized apophysis of chelicerae (Fig. 37). Sternum pale orange. Labium and endites brown, white apically. Legs: Coxae pale yellow, grey distally in prolateral and retrolateral parts. Trochanters brown. Femora brown, with a marked wide ring sub-distally; femur IV paler than the others. Patellae dark grey. Tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi pale brown. Tibiae with a dark ring basally and other one distally. Opisthosoma: Conical, pale blue, longer than high (Figs 34, 35). Gonopore plate olive, oval. Palp: Femur orange, conical, paler ventrally, with wide VAF (Figs 38, 39). Patellae and tibia orange. Procursus brown, conical, paler basally, with curved and thin spine distally (Fig. 38). VPP rounded, with numerous long setae (Fig. 38). Embolus conical, with curved dorsal–distal spine, ventrally with sclerotized, long and curved projection (Figs 38, 39). Measurements: Total length (prosoma + opisthosoma) 8.25. Carapace 3.10 long, 2.85 wide. Clypeus 1.20 long. Diameter AME 0.14, ALE 0.24, PME 0.18, PLE 0.23. Distance ALE–PME 0.18, PME– PME 0.34. Leg I: 49.42 (femur 13.62 + patella 1.30 + tibia 13.00 + metatarsi 16.00 + tarsi 5.50), tibia II: 9.37, tibia III: 7.70, tibia IV: 9.50; tibia I (length/diameter) (l/d) 26.00.</p> <p>Female (Paratype). (CNAN T 0764). Similar to the male, except by: Prosoma: Carapace with brown markings on each side, which are darker than in male. Fovea with brown mark around it, darker. Ocular region with inconspicuous lines. Clypeus darker brown. Chelicerae darker brown. Sternum, labium and endites darker brown. Legs: Femora darker brown than the male. Epigynum: Wider than long (Fig. 42). PP wide, with MSE strongly sclerotized (Fig. 43). Oval concavities between MSE and PP sac-shaped (Fig. 43). Measurements: Total length 8.00. Carapace 3.10 long, 3.00 wide. Clypeus 1.15 long. Diameter AME 0.13, ALE 0.25, PME 0.20, PLE 0.24. Distance ALE–PME 0.16. PME–PME 0.30. Leg I: 44.19 (11.56 + 1.23 + 12.00 + 14.50 + 4.90), tibia II: missing, tibia III: 6.70, tibia IV: 8.60; tibia I l/d 25.40.</p> <p>Variation: Male specimens from Cueva del Diablo or Ostoyehualco and from Gruta de Tziranda were notably smaller than specimens from the type locality and the other localities. Female specimens from Grutas de Tziranda and Road to Cueva del Fraile were notably smaller than specimens from the other localities. Specimens from Cueva del Diablo have paler coloration on carapace and legs than the other specimens. There was variation in the opisthosomal coloration: grey, pale grey, blue or pale blue. Males: Cueva del Diablo or Ostoyehualco (N = 4), tibia I: 10.87–12.50 (x = 11.74). Cueva del Diablo, La Peña (N = 1): tibia I: 18.12. Cueva de Peña Blanca (N = 2), tibia I: 13.75, 14.00. Gruta de Tziranda (N = 1): tibia I: 11.00. Road to Cueva del Fraile and Cueva del Fraile, respectively (N = 2): tibia I: 9.50, 12.25. Females: Cueva del Diablo or Ostoyehualco (N = 7): tibia I: 7.50–16.00 (x = 12.77). Km 34 highway Toluca-Zitácuaro (N = 3): tibia I: 6.60–12.5 (x = 9.50). 5 km W of Casahuates (N = 3): tibia I: 9.37–15.25</p> <p>PHYLOGENY OF IXCHELA 39</p> <p>(x = 11.95). El Naranjo (N = 2): tibia I: 9.50, 11.75. 7 km SE of Ciudad Hidalgo (N = 2): tibia I: 9.7, 11.37. Gruta de Tziranda (N = 4): tibia I: 7.10–10.2 (x = 8.70). Road to Cueva del Fraile (N = 2): tibia I: 10.12, 11.87.</p> <p>Natural history: Specimens from Estado de México and Guerrero were collected on their sheet webs in oak– pine and pine forests, inside cavities on walls along road-cuts in wet and shaded areas covered with roots. The male collected in the Instituto de Biología, UNAM, was walking on a wall. The specimens collected from Cueva del Fraile, Distrito Federal and Gruta de Tziranda, Michoacán, were on their sheet webs inside the caves, close to the walls. Specimens collected outside the Cueva del Fraile were among boulders in shady moist areas, whereas specimens from Cueva del Diablo or Ostoyehualco were collected in the cave entrance and inside the cave, where humidity was c. 70% and it was cold. Those specimens were collected on their sheet webs, and it was very common to find prey remains in their webs, mainly large leafcutter ants of the genus Atta (subfamily Myrmicinae), because there was a nest inside the cave. The ants are a readily avail- able food source for the spiders, which could also explain the high density of the spiders inside the cave.</p> <p>Distribution: MEXICO: Estado de México, Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos (Fig. 90).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D3A671C3560FFCF1B2CE9740476FABB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro;Francke, Oscar F.	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Francke, Oscar F. (2015): Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO 1 and 16 S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (1): 20-58, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12265
3D3A671C357AFFC819D9E8130420FBB3.text	3D3A671C357AFFC819D9E8130420FBB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixchela jalisco Valdez-Mondragón & Francke 2015	<div><p>Ixchela jalisco SP. NOV.</p> <p>Type data: MEXICO: Jalisco: 1 ♂ holotype (CNAN T0751) [21 July 2012; A. Valdez, O. Francke, D. Barrales, G. Contreras] from 8 km S of Cerro de la Tetilla (lat. 20.367°, long. −105.020°; 2441 m), Municipio Talpa de Allende. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (with egg sac) (CNAN T0752) [21 July 2012; A. Valdez, O. Francke, D. Barrales, G. Contreras] from Cerro de la Tetilla (lat. 20.365°, long. −104.993°; 2427 m), Municipio Talpa de Allende. 4 ♀♀, 1 juv. (CNAN T0753) [19 July 2012; A. Valdez, O. Francke, D. Barrales, G. Contreras] from 1.5 km road to Área Natural Protegida Piedras Bola (lat. 20.647°, long. −104.037°; 1877 m), Municipio Ahualulco del Mercado. 1 juv. (CNAN T0754) [17 July 2012; A. Valdez, O. Francke, D. Barrales, G. Contreras] from Área Natural Protegida Piedras Bola (lat. 20.651°, long. −104.057°; 1880 m), Municipio Ahualulco del Mercado.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to the state where the type locality is found: Jalisco, Mexico.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Distinguished from congeners by the chelicerae with FAC long and conical, slightly projected dorsally and slightly curved apically (Figs 48, 51); the palp femur markedly curved ventrally, being thinner basally and wider distally (Figs 49, 50); the VAF large, conical and claw-shaped (Figs 49, 50); and the epigynum with long and conical apophysis (Figs 52, 53, 55).</p> <p>Description: Male (Holotype). Prosoma: Pale yellow, with wide and long pale grey pattern on each side (Fig. 46). Ocular region pale yellow, with a wide pale grey line projected from AME toward posterior region, and other lines thinner and shorter projecting from PME toward posterior region (Fig. 46). Fovea surrounded by an irregular, pale grey region (Fig. 46). Clypeus pale yellow, with small pale grey region near chelicerae (Fig. 47). Chelicerae pale brown, paler around the SAC and basally (Fig. 48). Sternum, labium and endites olive green. Endites distally white. Legs: Coxae white, olive green distally on retrolateral and prolateral part. Trochanters olive green. Femora pale orange, without numerous colour rings, only one grey ring subdistally. Patellae grey. Tibiae pale orange, without numerous colour rings, only one basal and one subdistal. Metatarsi and tarsi orange, without colour rings. Legs with numerous oblique, long setae; and with few, short vertical setae. Opisthosoma: Conical, longer than high, blue, with grey pattern dorsally (Figs 45, 46). Gonopore plate oval, olive green. Palp: Femur pale yellow, slightly grey dorsally (Figs 49, 50). VAF clawshaped. Patella and tibia pale grey. Procursus pale grey on basal half and brown on distal half, with distal spine (Fig. 49). VPP small, with setae of different sizes (Fig. 49). Embolus conical, dorsally with small, curved spine (Figs 49, 50); ventrally with long, sigmoid projection on distal part (Figs 49, 50). PAB conical (Fig. 50). Measurements: Total length 8.00. Carapace 3.25 long, 2.85 wide. Clypeus 1.20 long. Diameter AME 0.14, ALE 0.24 PME 0.19, PLE 0.22. Distance ALE–PME 0.22, PME–PME 0.32. Leg I: 56.52 (15.00 + 1.40 + 14.87 + 18.75 + 6.50), tibia II: 10.75, tibia III: 8.75, tibia IV: 10.87. Tibia I l/d: 29.50.</p> <p>Female (Paratype). (CNAN T 0752). Similar to male, except by: Prosoma: The dorsal pattern on each side darker grey than on male. Ocular region uniformly brown, with inconspicuous lines projected from AME and PME. The irregular region surrounding the fovea darker grey than on male. Clypeus with wide, brown longitudinal band. Chelicerae darker brown than on male. Sternum, labium and endites dark brown. Legs: The distal part of retrolateral and prolateral faces of coxae dark brown. Trochanters dark brown. Femora brownish, paler basally. Tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark orange. Epigynum: Wider and higher than long (Fig. 53). PP curved laterally (Fig. 54), with oval, long sacshaped concavities between MSE and PP (Fig. 54); MSE with upside down Y-shape (Fig. 54). Measurements: Total length 8.70. Carapace 3.65 long, 3.50 wide. Clypeus 1.30 long. Diameter AME 0.16, ALE 0.26, PME 0.20, PLE 0.23. Distance ALE–PME 0.21. PME–PME 0.36. Leg I: 54.74 (14.81 + 1.50 + 14.81 + 18.00 + 5.62), tibia II: 10.60, tibia III: 8.65, tibia IV: 10.85; tibia I l/d 26.44.</p> <p>Variation: The smallest females show variation in coloration, with carapace and legs orange; whereas the largest females have carapace pale yellow and legs reddish. There is variation in the coloration of the ocular region, dorsal pattern on carapace and clypeus pattern, ranging from pale brown to dark brown. Female tibia I: 10.25–12.60 (x = 11.03).</p> <p>Natural history: The specimens were collected in mixed oak–pine forests; the holotype was collected under dried leaves of an agave plant, a microhabitat with high humidity. The paratypes were collected on their sheet webs on walls along road-cuts, covered with roots and leaflitter with high humidity, and among fallen logs and boulders on the ground.</p> <p>Distribution: MEXICO: Jalisco (Fig. 90).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D3A671C357AFFC819D9E8130420FBB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro;Francke, Oscar F.	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Francke, Oscar F. (2015): Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO 1 and 16 S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (1): 20-58, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12265
3D3A671C357DFFC919D6E91A05D5FF57.text	3D3A671C357DFFC919D6E91A05D5FF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixchela mendozai Valdez-Mondragón & Francke 2015	<div><p>Ixchela mendozai SP. NOV.</p> <p>Type data: MEXICO: Puebla: 1 ♂ holotype (CNAN T0749) [24 February 2012; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, J. Mendoza, D. Barrales, A. Ortega] from Campamento Ecoturístico Cañadas Rojas, Puente Colorado (lat. 18.683°, long. −97.345°; 2231 m), Municipio Chapulco. Paratypes: 2 ♀♀ (CNAN T0750), same data as holotype.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition and dedicated to arachnologist Jorge Iván Mendoza Marroquín for his participation in collecting the type series, and his contribution to knowledge of the spiders of Mexico.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Resembles I. tlayuda, but distinguished by the FAC long and rounded, forming an angle of 90° with the chelicerae in lateral view (Fig. 62); the VAF with sharp tip (Fig. 60); the long, curved and sharp sub-distally sclerotized spine on ventral part of embolus (arrow, Fig. 63); and the epigynum with three projections apically, the central markedly longer and curved, the lateral ones small and rounded (Figs 64, 66, 67).</p> <p>Description: Male (Holotype). Prosoma: Pale yellow, with three brown markings on each side (Fig. 57). Ocular region pale yellow, with a brown longitudinal line projecting from AME (Fig. 57). Fovea surrounded with an irregular, wide brown region, extending backward (Fig. 57). Clypeus pale yellow, with a wide brown region near chelicerae (Fig. 58). Chelicerae brown, pale around the SAC (Fig. 59). Sternum pale yellow. Labium and endites brown; endites with retrolateral apophysis, which has a small subdistal protuberance. Legs: Coxae pale yellow, with small brown markings on retrolateral and prolateral parts. Trochanters pale yellow. Femora pale orange, with several brown rings throughout their length, one sub-distal ring dark brown, wide, very marked. Patellae brown. Tibiae pale orange, with several brown rings throughout their length, less visible than on femora. Metatarsi and tarsi orange, without colour rings. Legs with numerous oblique, long setae; with few short, vertical setae. Opisthosoma: Conical, longer than high, pale blue, with dorsal grey pattern (Figs 56, 57). Gonopore plate oval. Palp: Femur pale yellow, conical, with several long setae ventrally; VAF conical, with sharp tip (Figs 60, 61). Patella and tibia pale orange. Procursus brown, long and straight, with distal spine, thin and curved (Figs 60, 61). VPP with 3–4 long setae (Fig. 60). Embolus conical, dorsally with a curved spine (Figs 60, 61), ventrally with apical sigmoid projection (Figs 60, 61). PAB wide (Fig. 61). Measurements: Total length 6.40. Carapace 2.45 long, 2.30 wide. Clypeus 0.95 long. Diameter AME 0.14, ALE 0.22, PME 0.17, PLE 0.20. Distance ALE–PME 0.17, PME–PME 0.26. Leg I: 45.31 (11.75 + 1.07 + 11.87 + 15.62 + 5.00), tibia II: 8.40, tibia III: 6.25, tibia IV: 8.30. Tibia I l/d: 31.50.</p> <p>Female (Paratype). Similar to the male, but with the following differences: Prosoma: The three brown markings larger and darker than on male. Clypeus with brown region longer than on male, forming an upside down, U-shaped area. Legs: The brown rings on femora and tibiae slightly more marked than on male. Epigynum: Wider than long, with three projections at apex (Figs 64, 66, 67), with a small rounded pit on central projection (Fig. 64). PP small (Fig. 65); with small, oval sac-shaped concavities between MSE and PP (Fig. 65). MSE with upside down Y-shape (Fig. 65). Measurements: Total length 5.40. Carapace 2.15 long, 2.10 wide. Clypeus 0.80 long. Diameter AME 0.10, ALE 0.22, PME 0.18, PLE 0.21. Distance ALE–PME 0.16. PME–PME 0.24. Leg I: 31.97 (8.70 + 1.00 + 8.90 + 10.37 + 3.00), tibia II: 6.40, tibia III: missing, tibia IV: 6.50; tibia I l/d 28.40.</p> <p>Natural history: The specimens were collected in an oak forest, the females on their irregular sheet webs among boulders on the ground; the male holotype was collected on an irregular sheet web in a corner inside a cabin, being the first specimen of the genus Ixchela collected inside a building.</p> <p>Distribution: MEXICO: Puebla (Fig. 90).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D3A671C357DFFC919D6E91A05D5FF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro;Francke, Oscar F.	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Francke, Oscar F. (2015): Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO 1 and 16 S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (1): 20-58, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12265
3D3A671C357CFFCA19B0EC660413FCAF.text	3D3A671C357CFFCA19B0EC660413FCAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixchela purepecha Valdez-Mondragón & Francke 2015	<div><p>Ixchela purepecha SP. NOV.</p> <p>Type data: MEXICO: Michoacán: 1 ♂ holotype (CNAN T0791) [28 August 2010; A. Valdez, O. Francke, C. Santibáñez] from 8.5 km W of Huiramangaro, Km 30 federal road 14 (lat. 19.5065°, −101.8334°; 2215 m), Municipio Santiago Tingambato. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (CNAN T0792); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (CNAN T0793), same data as holotype.</p> <p>Material examined: MEXICO: Michoacán: 1 ♀, 1 juv. (CNAN) [24 March 2000; F. Alvarez, E. González, O. Delgado, J. Castelo, E. Lira, O. Francke, C. Duran] from Road Uruapan-Los Reyes Salgado (lat. 19.5272°, −102.1921°; 2300 m). 6 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 6 juv. (CNAN), same data as holotype. 4 ♀♀ (CNAN) [30 April 2011; A. Valdez, O. Francke, J. Cruz, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from Parque Nacional Barranca de Cupatitzio (lat. 19.4280°, −102.0936°; 1760 m), Municipio Uruapan. 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (UMSNH) [26 June 1988; L. García]; 1 ♂, 1 juv. (UMSNH) [11 December 1988; L. García]; 1 ♀ (with egg sac), 2 ♀♀, 4 juv. (UMSNH) [19 August 1988; L. García]; 3 juv. (UMSNH) [27 November 1988; L. García]; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (UMSNH) [16 July 1988; L. García]; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (UMSNH) [23 August 1988; L. García]; 2 ♀♀, 1 juv. (UMSNH) [30 July 1988; L. García]; 1 ♀, 1 juv. (UMSNH) [24 September 1988; L. García]; same locality. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv. (CNAN) [30 April 2011; A. Valdez, O. Francke, J. Cruz, R. Monjaraz, E. Miranda] from Angahuan Paricutín, Road to Ruínas del Viejo San Juan Parangaricutiro (lat. 19.5425°, −102.2342°; 2392 m).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to ‘Los Purépechas’, an ethnic group that live primarily in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, where the type locality is located.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Resembles I. azteca, but distinguished by the FAC wider, more rounded distally (Figs 71, 74); the femur of palp almost straight (Figs 72, 73), whereas in I. azteca it is ventrally curved and considerably wider distally than basally (Figs 38, 39); the VAF wider basally and ending in a longer tip (Fig. 72); and the epigynum longer and thinner, ending in a large median projection (Figs 75, 78); in frontal view, the lateral edges on the epigynum are larger (Fig. 78).</p> <p>Description: Male (Holotype). Prosoma: Pale yellow, with a wide, pale brown pattern on each side (Fig. 69). Ocular region brown, with inconspicuous brown lines projecting from AME and PME backwards (Fig. 69). Fovea surrounded with wide brown region (Fig. 69). Clypeus pale yellow, with inconspicuous grey region distally (Fig. 70). Chelicerae brown, paler around the SAC and basally (Fig. 71). Sternum olive. Labium and endites brown, white distally. Legs: Coxae pale yellow, pale brown distally on retrolateral and prolateral part. Trochanters brown. Femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi brown. Femora with a wide, brown ring sub-distally. Tibiae with a dark ring basally and another one distally. Opisthosoma: Conical, pale blue, longer than high (Figs 68, 69). Gonopore plate olive, oval. Palp: Femur pale yellow, with several long setae ventrally (Figs 72, 73). VAF wide basally, ending in small tip (Fig. 72). Patella and tibia orange. Procursus dark orange, paler basally, long and slightly sigmoid; distal spine thin and curved (Fig. 72). VPP with 5–6 long setae (Fig. 72). Embolus conical, dorsally with a small, thin spine (Figs 72, 73), ventrally with apical sigmoid projection (Figs 72, 73). PAB wide (Fig. 73). Measurements: Total length 9.2. Carapace 3.90 long, 3.50 wide. Clypeus 1.45 long. Diameter AME 0.16, ALE 0.30, PME 0.22, PLE 0.25. Distance ALE–PME 0.19, PME–PME 0.38. Leg I: 61.71 (16.87 + 1.60 + 16.12 + 20.37 + 6.75), tibia II: 11.87, tibia III: 9.75, tibia IV: 12.31. Tibia I l/d: 25.70.</p> <p>Female (Paratype). (CNAN T 0792). Similar to the male, but with the following differences: Prosoma: Dorsal pattern on carapace darker brown than on male. Ocular region and around the fovea darker brown than on male. Clypeus with a wide, pale brown longitudinal region. Chelicerae dark brown. Sternum pale brown. Legs: Femora and patellae brown; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi orange. Epigynum: Higher than long and wide, with a long conical protuberance distally (Figs 75, 76, 78). PP wide, laterally curved (Fig. 77), with small oval, sac-shaped concavities between MSE and PP, only visible in anterior–dorsal view (Fig. 77). MSE with upsidedown Y-shape (Fig. 77). Measurements: Total length 9.90. Carapace 3.40 long, 3.00 wide. Clypeus 1.32 long. Diameter AME 0.14, ALE 0.24, PME 0.20, PLE 0.23. Distance ALE–PME 0.18. PME–PME 0.32. Leg I: 46.72 (12.25 + 1.40 + 12.87 + 15.00 + 5.20), tibia II: 9.35, tibia III: 7.25, tibia IV: 9.45; tibia I l/d 25.50.</p> <p>Variation: The specimens from 8.5 km west of Huiramangaro, Km 30 federal road 14, have pale brown, brown or dark brown coloration. This was the same pattern found in the specimens from Parque Nacional Barranca de Cupatitzio. In both localities, there were specimens notably smaller than the others, even with variation in the opisthosomal coloration: grey, pale grey, blue, or pale blue. Males: 8.5 km west of Huiramangaro, Km 30 federal road 14 (N = 6), tibia I: 11.75–14.75 (x = 14.38). Parque Nacional Barranca de Cupatitzio (N = 2), tibia I: 9.40, 9.80. Females: 8.5 km west of Huiramangaro, Km 30 federal road 14 (N = 5), tibia I: 11.00–14.12 (x = 13.39). Parque Nacional Barranca de Cupatitzio (N = 4), tibia I: 11.25–15.00 (x = 12.70). Natural history: The specimens from the type locality were collected in a pine–oak forest on their sheet webs along road-cut walls, with high humidity and covered with roots and leaf litter. Some of the paratypes were collected among fallen logs and boulders on the ground. The specimens from Parque Nacional Barranca de Cupatitzio were collected on their sheet webs on walls along road-cuts and on crevices on the karstic ground; others were collected among fallen logs and boulders on the ground. Some of these specimens were collected more easily at night using head lamps, because the spiders were easily visible on their sheet webs on walls along road-cuts, in comparison with daytime when only the apparently empty sheet webs are visible. The specimens from Angahuan Paricutín, Road to Ruínas del Viejo San Juan Parangaricutiro, were collected under fallen logs, and among dry roots of an agave plant, a microhabitat with high humidity.</p> <p>Distribution: MEXICO: Michoacán (Fig. 90).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D3A671C357CFFCA19B0EC660413FCAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro;Francke, Oscar F.	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Francke, Oscar F. (2015): Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO 1 and 16 S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (1): 20-58, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12265
3D3A671C357FFFC419CAEE2F0351FA49.text	3D3A671C357FFFC419CAEE2F0351FA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ixchela tlayuda Valdez-Mondragón & Francke 2015	<div><p>Ixchela tlayuda SP. NOV.</p> <p>Type data: MEXICO: Oaxaca: 1 ♂ holotype (CNAN T0787) [4 November 2012; C. Santibáñez] from San Pablo Etla, forest La Nevería (lat. 17.1668°, long. −96.6851°; 2981 m), Distrito Etla, Municipio San Pablo Etla. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (CNAN T0788), 2 ♀♀ (CNAN T0789), same data as holotype.</p> <p>Material examined: MEXICO: Oaxaca: 2 ♀♀, 5 juv. (CNAN) [19 September 2009; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, R. Paredes, J. Cruz] from San Felipe del Agua (lat. 17.1162°, long. −96.7095°; 2001 m), Municipio San Felipe del Agua. 1 ♂ (CNAN) [19 February 2005; G. Gutierrez], same locality. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [12 November 2005; O. Francke, G. Montiel, C. Santibáñez], same locality. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [18 June 2007; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez] from Campamento del Monte, El Punto (lat. 17.2011°, long. −96.5879°; 2500 m), Municipio Sta. Catarina Ixtepeji, Distrito Ixtlán. 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (CNAN) [27 November 2010; G. Montiel, M. Hernández, R. Paredes] from Parador Ecoturistico del Monte, 3 km S of El Punto (lat. 17.2017°, long. −96.5911°; 2537 m), Municipio Sta. Catarina Ixtepeji. 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (with egg sac) (CNAN) [26 March 2010; A. Valdez, O. Francke, C. Santibáñez, J. Cruz] from 9 km N of San Miguel Etla, road to Las Guacamayas (lat. 17.2247°, long. −96.7385°; 2197 m), Municipio San Miguel Etla, Distrito San Miguel Etla. 3 ♀♀ (2 with egg sac), 2 juv. (CNAN) [23 April 2010; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, J. Cruz, D. Barrales] from Km 189 road Tuxtepec-Oaxaca (lat. 17.1934°, long. −96.6001°; 2561 m). 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (one with egg sac), 1 juv. CNAN) [22 April 2010; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, J. Cruz, D. Barrales] from Campamento Las Flores (lat. 17.3509°, long. −96.5312°; 2320 m), Municipio Santa María Jaltianguis, Distrito Ixtlán. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 juv. (CNAN) [18 September 2009; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, R. Paredes] from Centro Recreativo Calpulalpan de Méndez (lat. 17.3228°, long. −96.4452°; 2000 m), Distrito Ixtlán. 2 ♀♀ (CNAN) [22 April 2010; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, J. Cruz, D. Barrales], same locality. 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 2 juv. (CNAN) [18 September 2009; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, R. Paredes] from La Trinidad (lat. 17.2865°, long. −96.4379°; 2268 m), Distrito Ixtlán de Juárez. 1 ♂ (CNAN) [3 April 2005; Col.?] from Tierra Colorada, Distrito Ixtlán de Juárez. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [22 July 2007; A. Valdez, O. Francke, H. Montaño, C. Santibáñez, A. Ballesteros] from Campamento Tatachinto (lat. 17.2876°, long. −96.4176°; 2326 m), Municipio Santiago Xiacuí, Distito Ixtlán de Juárez. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [3 November 2005; A. Valdez, O. Francke, H. Montaño] from road to Magdalena Mixtepec (lat. 16.9301°, long. −96.8742°; 2676 m). 1 ♂ (CNAN) [16 March 2008; A. Valdez, C. Satibáñez, H. Montaño] from La Trinidad, Santiago Xiacuí (lat. 17.2865°, long. −96.4377°; 2258 m). 5 ♀♀, 1 juv. (CNAN) [11 September 2010; A. Valdez, O. Francke, J. Cruz, D. Barrales] from 1 km W of Puerto de la Soledad (lat. 18.1754°, long. −97.0050°; 2245 m), Municipio Huautla de Jiménez. 1 ♀, 2 juv. (CNAN) [15 March 2008; A. Valdez, H. Montaño, C. Santibáñez] from Tlahuitoltepec (lat. 17.0927°, long. −96.0547°; 2040 m), Municipio Santa María Tlahuitoltepec, Distrito Mixes. 1 ♂ (CNAN) [14 September 2009; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, R. Paredes], same locality. 1 ♀ (CNAN) [14 September 2009; A. Valdez, C. Santibáñez, R. Paredes] from Puente Azul (lat. 17.0026°, long. −96.1193°; 1862 m), Municipio Ayutla.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to ‘Las Tlayudas’, a popular dish in central Oaxaca, where the type locality is located.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Resembles I. abernathyi and I. mendozai, but distinguished from I. abernathyi by FAC wider and longer, ending in a small tip (Fig. 85); the pattern around the fovea wider (Fig. 80); the VAF longer (Fig. 83); the central apex of the epigynum longer and curved (Fig. 86); the lateral apex of the epigynum more rounded and larger (Figs 87, 89); and the opisthosoma more conical (Fig. 79); from I. mendozai by the FAC ending in a small tip (Figs 82, 85), whereas on I. mendozai the FAC are wider and rounded distally (Fig. 62); the median distal protuberance of the epigynum shorter (Figs 86, 89), which is not as wide and curved as on I. mendozai (Figs 66, 67); and the MSE which does not touch the PP (Fig. 88), whereas in I. mendozai the MSE touches the PP (Fig. 65).</p> <p>Description: Male (Holotype). Prosoma: Beige, with three small, brown markings on each side (Fig. 80). Ocular region brown, with a grey longitudinal line project- ing from AME (Fig. 80). Fovea surrounded with wide, grey, irregular region, extending backward (Fig. 80). Clypeus beige, with a distal, dark grey region (Fig. 81). Chelicerae brown, pale on basal part and around the SAC (Fig. 82). Sternum pale yellow. Labium and endites dark grey; endites with a weak retrolateral apophysis, with a small, subdistal protuberance. Legs: Coxae pale yellow, distally with greey region on prolateral and retrolateral parts. Trochanters pale brown. Femora pale orange; femora I–III brown basally, with several pale grey rings throughout their length; one dark grey subdistal ring, wide, very marked. Patellae grey. Tibiae pale orange, with several grey rings throughout their length, less visible than on femora. Metatarsi and tarsi orange, without colour rings. Legs with numerous oblique, long setae; with few short, erect setae. Opisthosoma: Conical, longer than high, pale grey (Figs 79, 80). Gonopore plate oval, pale olive. Palp: Femur pale yellow, basally grey on dorsal part, with several long setae ventrally, with VAF conical (Fig. 83). Patellae and tibia pale orange, basally grey on dorsal part. Procursus brown, basally pale orange on dorsal part, with distal, curved spine (Fig. 83). VPP with 3–5 long setae (Fig. 83). Embolus conical, dorsally with small curved spine (Figs 83, 84), ventrally with long curved sigmoid projection (Figs 83, 84). PAB wide (Fig. 84). Measurements: Total length 6.90. Carapace 2.70 long, 2.40 wide. Clypeus 1.15 long. Diameter AME 0.16, ALE 0.25, PME 0.18, PLE 0.20. Distance ALE–PME 0.16, PME–PME 0.28. Leg I: 45.55 (12.12 + 1.06 + 12.00 + 15.75 + 4.62), tibia II: 8.80, tibia III: 6.90, tibia IV: missing. Tibia I l/d: 28.00.</p> <p>Female (Paratype). (CNAN T 0788). Similar to the male, but with the following differences: Prosoma: Carapace with the three markings darker and larger than on male. Fovea surrounded by irregular brown area. Clypeus with brown region U-shaped. Chelicerae darker brown than on the male. Sternum yellow, with lateral dark grey markings. Labium and endites brown. Legs: Femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi darker than on the male. Legs with rings throughout their length, more noticeable than on the male. Opisthosoma: Pale blue. Epigynum: Wider than long, with three rounded projections distally (Figs 86, 87, 89); small rounded pit on central projection (Fig. 87). PP wide; with small oval, sac-shaped concavities between MSE and PP (Fig. 88). The MSE does not touch the PP (Fig. 88). Measurements: Total length 9.40. Carapace 3.40 long, 2.90 wide. Clypeus 1.30 long. Diameter AME 0.12, ALE 0.28, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20. Distance ALE–PME 0.18. PME–PME 0.28. Leg I: 46.85 (12.00 + 1.30 + 12.81 + 15.37 + 5.37), tibia II: 9.10, tibia III: 7.10, tibia IV: 9.20; tibia I l/d 29.28.</p> <p>Variation: The carapace pattern is brown, dark brown, grey or dark grey, and in some specimens this pattern is more marked than others. The legs are brown, pale yellow, dark orange or dark brown; some specimens have colour rings on femur and tibiae more marked than others. Some specimens have opisthosoma pale blue, grey or pale yellow. Males: Parador Ecoturístico del Monte, 3 km S of El Punto (N = 1): tibia I: 11.37. Centro Recreativo Calpulalpan de Méndez (N = 1): tibia I: 13.75. Campamento las Flores (N = 3): tibia I: 10.50– 11.87 (x = 10.99). La Trinidad (N = 1): tibia I: 13.25. San Felipe del Agua (N = 1): tibia I: 14.56. Females: Parador Ecoturístico del Monte, 3 km S of El Punto (N = 2): tibia I: 11.35, 11.37. La Trinidad (N = 2): tibia I: 10.10, 11.12. 1 km W of Puerto de la Soledad (N = 5): tibia I: 9.18–10.75 (x = 10.39). Campamento las Flores (N = 4): tibia I: 8.37–11.12 (x = 9.34). San Felipe del Agua (N = 2): tibia I: 12.37, 13.43.</p> <p>Natural history: The specimens from different localities were collected on their sheet webs in oak, pine or mixed oak–pine forests. The specimens from San Felipe del Agua were collected along road-cuts in wet and shaded areas near a river. The specimens from Campamento del Monte, El Punto and from 9 km north of San Miguel Etla, road to Las Guacamayas, were collected under large fallen logs and boulders on the ground. Some specimens from Campamento Las Flores were collected under and among fallen logs; others were collected inside hollows at the bases of pine trees. Some specimens from Centro Recreativo Calpulalpan de Méndez were collected in holes on a large karstic wall next to a river, others among fallen logs and boulders on the ground near the river, a location with a high humidity (c. 80%). The specimens from La Trinidad were collected among numerous boulders on the ground. The specimens from Tlahuitoltepec were collected under fallen logs in a disturbed pine forest; note that those specimens were collected outside the Cueva de Tlahuitoltepec, which is the type locality of Ixchela mixe Valdez-Mondragón, 2013, so they could be sympatric species.</p> <p>Distribution: MEXICO: Oaxaca (Fig. 90).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D3A671C357FFFC419CAEE2F0351FA49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro;Francke, Oscar F.	Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Francke, Oscar F. (2015): Phylogeny of the spider genus Ixchela Huber, 2000 (Araneae: Pholcidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence (CO 1 and 16 S), with a hypothesized diversification in the Pleistocene. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (1): 20-58, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12265, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12265
